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AD-33 Bookplate 


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LIBRARY 


qdORHOPAHDRdH 


NATIONAL 


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Service Bulletin 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE | 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VO. Mo], Washington, D. o. ca 2, L923. 


\ 
N 
HOW ABOUT THS WIDOWS AND ORPHANS? \ 


pe ome ee es ee rte ne ee ene es hee are te ae ee at Pn: Ye et ey a a a a As 


By Will ¢. Barnes, Washington . 
\ 

At the recent annual meeting of the officers and members bf the 
Governmsnt Zmployees' Mutual Relief Association, the showing made by our 
littls association was remarkably good. The reserve funds invested in 
oe securities now amount to about $6,500, the interest on 
which pays nearly all the annual costs of running the association. Thers 
will be a eed from th: income for 1922 which will add $500 or #606 
to this reserve. Thus, in timc, the association, if it has no backsets,'. 
will become more than del fsuppor tinge 

It is interesting to look back over our record and realize what 

can be don? through such cooperative methods in assuring ourselves and 
each other of some reimbursement for those accidents and sicknesses which 
overtake the best of us, no matter how careful we may be. Take ths case 
of Forest Supervisor Goddard, whose recent death cast a gloom over the 
entire service. Goddard joined the association in its early years, but 
let his membership lapse. In 1917 he was reinstatad and kept up his dues 
regularly after that. for ea doctors' bills and funeral expenses 
his widow received more than $650, which paid svery debt incurred in his 
long sickn3ss. The amount Goddard had paid into the association was noti- 
ing whatever when comparsd with the total returned to his widow at his 
death. 

We frequently hear of cet’ where men have allowed their mem- 
bership with the organization to lapse, and then find themselves sick or 
the victims of an accident and can not secure reimbursement. Take the 
case of Chapline, for instance. Two or throe years ago he ran a sliver 
tn his hand (probably from scratching his head), which brought about a 
very serious case of blood poisoning. He was obliged to go to the hos- 
pital and had to pay hospital and surgeon bills, all of which would have 
been borne by the association had he kept up his membership. The joke 
was On him in this case. It is needless to say that as soon as Chap re- 
covered from this accident and could legitimately ask for a restoration 
to tlie association hs did so. No sooner did he find himself restored to 
the rolls than he took advantage of the situation to contract a serious 
case of sickness, which cost the association quite a sum, although he had 
paid in only the first year's fees amounting to $12. The joke was on the 
association that time. 

If you have any interest in your family, want your widow to wear 
decent clothes to your funcral, or don't want to dodge your doctor when 
you see him coming, for goodness sake don't neglect this matter. Sit right 
down at your desk and write a check for $7, one dollar of which is the 
initiation fee and $6 of vhich will pay your dues in the association for 
Six months. Send it to Secretary H. B. Herms, care ths Washington Office, 
and get into the organization before something happens to you. Do it now! 
You may fall over a cliff next week and sprain your neck. If you have a 
wife tell her to ksep you reminded to keep ihe payments up right alone. 
She'll do it all right. If you haven't a-wife get one, they are a good 
thing to have round the house, 


BIKE STUDIZS REVEAL 


iw 2 she 27S CUs NOAM ING LIGHE NENG STORMS 
By HH. T. Gisborne, -ries 


st River Exp. Station 


The recent. study of lightning storms and their relation to forest 
fires in District 1 has shown that thers were noticeable diffsrences be- 
tween the storms which started fires and those which did not. The data 
are based on 1,300 detailed thunderstorm reports obtained from nsarly 150 
observers during the fire season of 1922. 

For the District as a whole approximately one lightning storm out o? 
four was found to Cause fires which were reported by lookouts. As weuld 
naturally be sypposed, storms with very numerous flashes of lightning 
largely directed toward the ground caused fires more often than storms 
with only a fow flashes which were largely from cloud to cloud. Rating the 

storms as h2avy, medium and light, according to ths number of flashes, it 
appears that about one-third of the heavy, ons--fourth of the medium and only 
onz-tenth of ths light storms caused fires. ‘rthermore, over half the 
storms causing fircs were heavy, one-third medium, and ons-tenth light. 

From which it is evident that the heavy storm is by far the most dangerous. 

It was also found that the fire-starting storms were characterized by 
having over half of their flashes directed toward ths ground, while the non- 
dangerous storms had considerably more than half of their flashes occurring 
opiy 2s cloud to cloud lightning. The fact that there were 528 reports sub- 
mitted by over 100 different lookouts and rangers giving complete informa- 
tion on this phase of ths investigation shows that such observations ars pos- 
Sible in practice. 

There were 2lso 664 reports giving a complcte record of tho rainfall 
in storms causing or not causing fires. A rathor uncxpected result was ob- 
tained in this connection. for storms not causing fires it was found that 
on the averages rain fell for 12 minutes before and 42 minutes following the 
lightning. For storms causing fires the averages were 10 and 120 minutes 
respsctively. In othsr words, the average rainfall following fire-starting 
lightning storms continued nearly three times as long as that of lightning 
Storms which dia not set fires. Moreover, it was found that thse rainfall 
was heavicr during the lightning of the fire-starting storms. The explana- 
tion for this rather iateresting condition seems to lie in the known mete- 
orological fact that heavy lightning goes with heavy rain during the light- 
ning season. The reason that so many fires are started despite this greater 
amount of rain is to be found in another known fact, viz., that a much greater 
percentage of lightning reaches the ground in the heavier storms than in the 
lighter and relatively "dry" storms. 

This study of the characteristics of lightning storms is to be con- 
tinued and rounded out with tho records of a series of years, so that the 
findings can bs utilized for predicting the ralative danger to be expected 
from electrical storms. 


| 
| 


PERSONNEL PROBLEMS. 
By Wm. HR. Kreutzer, D-2 


We measure a inan*s height in inches or centimetsrs. Pounds and ounces 
or grams and centigrams offer us exact standards for measuring his weight, 
but there are no absoluts standards vor measuring the man himsolf, and prob- 
ably there never can be. We certainly can not put a man on tile scales and 
ascertain that he has so many liters of good sense or SO many culic inches 
of excculive ability or so many kilowatts of disposition to industry. Euman 
values, therefore, can be standardized only relatively. 

We are now endeavoring to ascertain approximately thse average or ner- 
mal by. ths study of groups of men in the Forest Service of the same or sin- 
ilar grades of services work or occupation. We must agree that some men, by 
reason of the nature, position and reauirements of the work to which they 
have been assigned, are a misfit - a square peg in a round hole = so to speak. 
Some men are not fitted for city life; others are not fitted for country life, 
and it is possibls that some are not fitted for sither. 

Only recently while on a forest fire, some of the Forestry studcnts 
stated that they had had enough of the profession of Forestry, if figh ving 
fire was considered Forestry. Suffice it to say that they were €iven to un-- 
derstand that fighting forest fircs was an excecdingly important factor in 
the practice of Forestry on the National Forests. 


Se 


PRASUNN AL we OBL ANS. (Cont 


pein 


Nore caveeat attention showld.be given. the employee while he is 
Serving his. probational period, failure to: detsrmine ths ability of the i 
apyointee to perform ‘tho duties of his position dur ing the probational | 
period has been the chicf causc of most of the.persomel CASBS.. | 

After man Gre oncs permanently. appointed, ‘other methods must ‘bs res 
sorted: to in order to qualify them for the various lines of forsst service 
work, ‘The!perstnalities of $Re ‘Supervisors, Deputies, forest Assistants \ 
and Forest. ‘Axarhiners! and. the e effect of such: ‘Personalities upon rangers.,..: 
for instances, und oub ts 6 AS 2. very: important» factor in the development of, 
these msn: - Ths same , possibly, is true of. ‘the. men highor Up. an the scale | 
of pos itions. : ‘ st gl ee, 

A certain ‘typo of Supe srvisor ei igot good results with a. _gentain 
type of men in ‘his organization, but only a certain type. Et should. bee 
remembered: in this conse tion. that eortain, men, harmonize and ibe wekl to- °° 
23 ther. . Others ars antagonistic: and discordant.’ 5 By tAsir vd ry nature: AHO 
can not work in the harmony whichis essential: to, efficiency. , 

We have a por's onne] rating system. It would, scem’ ‘that’ Wg, ishowta. ee 
cla assify, ths. var ious’ ‘items of information, needed in rating cur men with 
reference: to theif work and environmsnt., Phese, it, isibskieved, are health; | 
character, Auto) Ligon Neo, disposition to: industry, fatural ents aiid a) 


= ~ 


DePisnese | 
Union hea aith, Ratt 4, een physicht ‘attributes showle” de abiaaea sour 

woWld sech that‘a man. should be cthsidered ag to-His size, strength, on- 
ene ‘Condition of body, predisposition to health, as to disease, as to 
his moral and mental health and as to his sobriaty. 

Character ombraces ‘honesty, truthfulness , dieyalty, discretion and 
prudence, enthusiasm, courags, stcadiastnogs, dapendability and a number 
of other related factors. .A man who is dsficicnt in honesty, in truthful- 
ness, in loyalty will find half a pone ways aaah ‘VE ay Gpssubie kind 
of Chace vod ees Peliabi pity: wo. 

Intslligsnee, of space Hees ‘to the: ‘man! s mental ability, his 
ability ee eee and his ability? to understand ang follow instructions. 

This 1s @ very important element in Service work, since instructions alone 
will not Hone results if they.are not followed or.if thsy are misunderstood. 
Among the qualities which are included ander ‘inte ‘Lhigsnce are, judgment and 
msmory, the powers: of observation: 5nd déxpression dn speaking Or in writing, 
imagination, reasoning power $nd a other qualities. which ars purely in- 
tellectual. 

Disposition to industry is 4 very impor tent alement and one in which 
we arc very liable to misjudga others... A man once | said; "All men ars lazy, 
but some ars lazier than othersi!! It might, be etter to put’ it this way: 
"All men are industrious, but: somedare moré industrious than others." 

The clement of cxpgrience plays a very important part in the quali- 
fications of a Forest Officer. A man might fit into our organization in so 
far as all of the other points that I have enumerg ted, are concsrned and yst 
not have cither education or the training Por the ‘particular position to 
which he has been assigned. ‘hat should -b3- dons with: him? It is a ques- 
tion of cither taking the man. with aptitudss' ahd” educating him, for the par-.- 
ticuler line of work hs is exps soted to under taks in’ the Service 2 bhrough our 
educational: sections, or. olimina ting hin. and takins’ some one who’ has perhaps . 
less natural aptitude but more: expsrience and: training. “A sutcess ful Solu 
tion of this phaso of the nemugaee 31. probicm might. besbrought, about, bya 
Move carsful selection of new,msn and_ then take, this iraw mate rial,, 1f,d may : 
use the term, and mould it into, ‘thy District Rangers,. Deouty Sup: rvisors and 
Supervisors of the future. by proper _training and education in the Service... 
If we-can select msn with natural aptitudes, stability of character, £00d 
health 2and-all othsr fundamsntals ané'then train them for the work the sy are 
&O doy we get.the | vory best, results. Ther's.can bs no question about this. 

: A ‘training section for: Lwaley purpose of ascertaining the’ cause’ for 
th s: unsatisfactory” service.of- smployées and the edycation and development 
for these that show any inclination to advance undoubtedly would be of con- 
Siderable value in our Sorvics. Zor instance, if the officer falisets 
fight forest fires satisfactorily, here is a case for the treinine section, 
Since he may do satisfactory work in many other lines. 


ye 


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as 


The practice of Selscting Supervisors and filling the vacancies of 
higher Forest officers from the ranks has done much to build up and strenet 
en ths general personnel of the Services. The practice of having a “waiting 
list"' of previous employees and reinstating them, if they left the Service 
in good standing, is 2 good one. 

Personal contact with the men in the field has done more to improve 
our personnel than any Other factor. Gredit for good work should always be 
given’and this should be used as a foundation upon which to build our 
larger superstructure which will gradually fill in and crowd out the weak 
places caused by poor work. °° 

We should find in every man as many of. ae good points as possible, 
Stress those and uso thom as PEP ane SéOne wpon which to raise the lower 


points to.a higher level, - 


Superior officers should stand behind their men in order to overcome 


failure in the execution of their duties. It is the oneness, the merging 
Of: personality, that has made the Forest Service what it is to-day. Hence, 
‘the success of the Service, to @ considerable degree, is shared by every 


member ard each should feel proud that he has taken part in the develop- 
ment of this great organization. 
Many-instances in personnel cases might be recalled. but when we sim- 
mer it all down, the final result depends wppn our sustained individual ef- 


TS 


pLorits.s The word "think" should be the first letter of our alphabet and the 


remainder of:our success in this big service is contained in the second 


_. letter, which is spelled "W-0-R-K." 


WZ MISS YoU RANGTR BILL 
By we "De Fletcher, D=-7 


Old Ranger Bill has drifted West 

To wear his chaps and a velvet vest, 
To wield a rope and wrangle sheep. 

His “pen is stop'«; he's gone to'sleep. 


His sayings "Pat" are quoted still 
_ Who's who and why? Says Ranger Bill | 
That says "six pencils thou shalt use," 
Gat out’ wile - drop the booze. 


- Oht where is. ge that rolled. his quid 
From left to right vithout a skid 
Shouldered his ‘pen like a peavy stock . 
‘And hit who it:might, John on the spot. 


WASHINGTON NOTES | 


neaeline Pictures 
The Yorest Ranger's Job: This is an’pid film made new. It shows the Ranger 


: fighting fires, maintaining telephone lines, appraising’ and scaling timber, 


inspecting range, building roads, trails, bridges, dams, and ranger sta- 
tions, supervising recreational uses, and acting as mayor for summer home 
communities. The Ranger's wife is also ‘shown as an important part of the 
-icaiaain inet even: sy cage She isn't on the pay roll. 


Grops_and Kilowatts: This is a new one=reel picture, showing the influence 
of the National Forests on streamflows. There is shown 2 great hydro- 
electric deve lopment on the Sierra Forest and canals for irrigation. The 
irrigation scenes were largely taken in the Colorado River valley near Grand 
Junction, Colo., the water coming from the Uncompahgre, Gunnison, and Bat- 


tlement Forests, ° 


ae 


Seats in Yale | Stadium:o of “Dewees a Bir: When the famous Yale Bowl was built 
in 1915 and “1914, the permanecnt scats were built of Douglas fir. Accord- 
ing te informa tion: received, the material has proved excellent for the 
” purpose and satisfactory in cvery respect. The seats have been painted 
twice and will be painted again this year. The maintenance cost of the 
Douglas fir seats has been comparatively small. It is estimated that the 
original seats will be good for at least seven or eight years more if kept 
. painted. These ssats ars very substantial and undergo a good deal of rough 
treatment, as they are often walked upon and in a few instances repairs 
have been necessary due to some unusually eae Is Lae eae display of college a 
_ Spirit. 
This information is ginhertbe bang in enor) wi th woe zeal for 
huge stadiums now Deumgunasacpamed by. universities. 


Former | Labora oratory Jonbor Author of Foreign Bulletin: Nils B. %ckbo, once a 
_ Laboratory member, and now in°charge of Timber Investigations, Forest De- | 

. partment, Prctoria, Union of South Africa, has written a Forsst Department 
|, publication. entitled, "The Ssasoning of South African Woods." | 
ne ery Little, has been done on the seasoning of these woods and Mr. | 
Bic, 3 ,,. ackbo is on the way to becom: an authority in this field. Cne of the spe- | 

iss on which work was done is karri gum (®ucalyptus diversicolor), which 

in. ons splendid plantation rsached a diameter of two feet and a he ight of 

AE f3eh at clchacbd yan 


7182 PROD T. 2.= ROY NOUNDAT IN_ tprstR1o7 


Study Courses Grow in Favor: The study course work has grown to such propor- 
tions tha ei tien’ willbe detailsa to the District Office this winter to 
assist Mr. Keplinger in handling it. Two hundred and twenty-four members 
of the fiold force have enrolled in from‘one to four of the eleven courses 
offered; this is 87 per cent of the sntire personnel in the field. in ad- 


dition,- wy eniy-sewer members ‘of the District Office havé enrolled. 


“A Record Year: With the reacent award of the Squirrel Creek unit to Stroup 
;,, and. Sheppard, and the Muddy Creek unit on the Msdicine Bow to the Wyoming 
_ Timber Company, the sale of timber for the ycar totaled l, 800,000 railroad 
-., ties, 12,128,009 feet of savwlogs and 26,500,000 feet of mine prop material. 
This makes 2 total of six units sold during the calendar year. The record 
for the Forast in the amount Sold in any year had been broken in September 
With the sale of the Lake Gréck unit. The value of timber sold to date, 
, exclusive of mine prop material, whose removal is optional, totals over 
Peel, U00.--ifed. Movies 


Prote See eo ace, has begin & series “of ‘sessions to consider game and 
se fish matters and any bearing the subject might have on proposed state legis- 
e.- _ lation. The consensus of opinion of the sportsmen of the state appears to 
be for better enforcement of.the present laws and the creation of more state 
game refuges, and giving thom adequate protection, instead of an qmtirely 
closed season on dser. The present open season of four days in October is, 


therefore, recommended for continuance and stress laid on law enforcement 
and refuges. 


iv sited Oe UUW i 3 oD Ne 


. Whsn Shik Comes Down: onda picture is sean aneetls the most popular so far 
-Showr locally in the interest of game protection. The picture is very clear 
and tyricsl of the game region. : 
+ made it. a point to study the attitude of the audiences during the 
. exhibition and many were the favorable comments expressed by several rela- 
ae pabere to the government's policy toward game protection. The climax came 
when the two Forest Rangsrs caught the "Poacher" (tooth hunter) . At this 
incident the crowd chsered loudly thereby manifesting their full sympathy 
and approval of the idca of game preservation and protection."--Carson. 


15 


EEE 


Grass =xhibit: Supervisor Wales of the Prescott and his forest force gath- 
ered and prepared an excellent collection of southwestern grasses and 
browses for display at the Northern Arizona State Fair at Prescott. About 
a dozen or fifteen complete plants of. each of the grass specimens were put 
in a bunch and the bunchss attractively arranged on two panels each about 
4 x 8 feet. The exhibit drew a-great deal of attention. At the close of 
that fair, it was taken with the other Department of Agriculture exhibit 
materials to the big fair at-Phoenix, where it met with the same success 
and later was shown at thé State Convention of the New Mexico Hducational 
Association in Albuquerque. The panels are now on display for a few days 
in the corridor of the District Office. 
Administrative Sites: The Forest Service has frequently been criticized 
; for holding too large an acreage ‘of administrative sites. In this con- 
nection, the following facts are illuminating; there are 286 administra- 
tive sites in District 3 having a total acreage of 49,591 acres or 002.5 
per cent of the total area or an average of 175 acres per site. Of the 
. total acreags 5,997 acres are agricultural land, which if divided into 

160 acre homesteads, would only make 37 units. Dividing the agricultural 
area contained in the administrative sites among the 286 stations, the 
average amount per, station would amount to only 20 acres or 12 per cent 
of the total area so held. ‘The remaining 88 per cent is rough pasture land 
unsuitable for cultivation. Certainly, one station of 173 acres for each 
65,818 acres having-on an averags 20 acres of agricultural land is not an 
excessive amount to be retained for administrative purposes. The above fig- 
ures show that the Forest Service has been very conservative in its reten- 
tion of 2gricultural lands for administrative use. 


Superintendent of the Dining Car: Service, J. P. Mack, Locating’ Engineer 
of the Los Angeles Lines, William M. Barr, Assistant Water Engineer for 
the U. P. Lines; George E. Goodman, Chief Engineer for the National Park 
Service, and, Supervisors W.-M. Mace and W. M. Riddle, from a visit to 

Cedar Breaks, Bryce Canyon and Zion National Park. 

_. .. Many points were visited, Mr.'Gery said, in connection with the ex- 
amination of the Cedar Breaks and Bryce Canyon areas. The railroad offi- 
cials will recommend the construction of a lunch house at Cedar Breaks and 
a hotel at Brycs Canyon. The lunch house will cost the company in the 
neighborhood, of $5,000, and the hotel at Bryce approximately $150,000. 

If conditions warrant, the company may also construct a hotel at either 
Strawberry Point, Navajo Lake, or Duck Springs. The Wylie camp in Zion 
National Park will possibly. be taken over by the U. P. System, and more 
complets accommodations provided for the tourists. 

It is generally understood that an investigation will be made on ’ 
the Kaibab National Forest next summer for the purpose of locating a hotel 
on that forcst, preferably on National Forest land and not. on the brink. 
The most serious question.considered was the available water supply. 


- Land Frchanve-Outleok Bricht: District Forester R. H. Potilcdze and Assistant 
District Forester R. HE. 3 


iwe''y returned December 1 from Boise, where they at- 
terded a meeting of the State Land Board, regarding land exchange. Repre- 
sentatives of stockmen from Bancroft and Malad were present to protest 
against the exchange, which affects range used by them, (fort Neuf Division 
and part of the Weston Division of the Cachs Forest). Thsir arguments 
against the exchange were that the state did not furnish the protection 

that the Forest Service did, and that if the exchange went through they 
might find themselves driven from their range and out of business within 2 
few years. Weverthsless the exchange was approved by the State Land Board 
by a 4 to ] votc. The man who voted against the exchange did so, realizing 
that it-was a good. thing for the state, ‘but he rather agreed with the pro- 
testing stockmen that thsir rights to the range should be better protected 
before the exchange was consummated. — 


fen sees 


Se eS 


a jury trial. The case looked very slim at first - all on circumstantial 
evidence - even the District Attorney being doubtful of the outcome. Cruise 
got an.attornsy, and there scemed to be & general feeling that he would 


walk away with the case. By persistence and diligence of local Porest offi- - 


cers in getting affidavits 30d witnesses to the effect that Cruise was the 
only possibls man who could have left that particular fire burning, Cruise 
finally thought it best to plead guilty when he found that the forest. Serv- 
ice was in earnest. A jury trial was set for a certain date in the Local 


Justice's office, then postponed to a later date because Cruise did not show | 


up. He learned that we intended to make his case a Federal one if the case 
was not brought to a closes. He suddenly pleaded guilty, was fined $50 (and 
a 30-day sentence suspended on good behavior) by Justice Yaney of Bishop, 
The local sffect is good. 


Anothsy Bouquet: The Manager of the Los Angeles Ténth Annual Automobile Show 

told me that he visited the Rivorside Fair in order to size up the exhibits 

and sec which of them they wanted at the Auto Show. 
After. looking over everything he decided that the Forest Service had 


far the best exhibit thore and the only ons that he wanted at the Auto Show.-- 


uh .B 


Some Fire Detection; One day last week a tent house at Auberry caught fire — 
and a small crew of men were busily engaged in extinguishing it when Super- 
visor Benedict cams driving along on his way to Big Creek. One of the men 
looked up in surprise 2nd said: "How the dickens did you know about this 
fire?" Without batting an eyes, Benedict replied; "Why, Shuteye Lookout 
picked it up and notified me." The féllow-scratched his head in 2a puzzled 
Sort of way. "But it's only been burning about five minutes.". "I know aie 
repliss Benedict. "How far is it to Northfork?" asks the fire fighter.’ 


"@hirteen miles," is the prompt reply. "Well, how did you get here," he asks, 


looking around. "In this machine," says Bensdict, and then the guy tucbles 
to the joke.--Sierra. can i pie 


‘ 


fimber Sale Business Active: At the present time over one billion feet of 
timber is being advertised for sale in D6. wn ths Clympic Forest two ad- 
vertisements are running totaling 160 million feet, and a third of thirty 
million feet is about ready for publication. The recsipts for the first 


quarter were over $200,000. A largs number of informal applications are on 
file. 


Putting it Across: The Annual Edition of the Oregonian to be issued about 
January 1 will probably carry several Forest Service stories, about 6,090 
words. The editors have asked for illustrated articles on timber produc- 
tion, road construction, range appraisal, and forest protection; also a 
dargs number of fillers. The annual edition of the Portland Telegram also 
carried severe] Service Stories, submitted at the request of this paper. 
the Tacoma Ledger is featuring a series of Forest Service stories, ons on 
the x-1n drying study having 2ppeared ana probably several to appear later 
from Dr. J. V. Hofmam and Deputy Supervisor Griffith. <sdfith has made a 
Complete "salc" of the Service to the Sunday editor of tt. I MIZESF o 


DISTRIGT 7 - BASTIEN DISTRICT 

i222 WRISTIR, Mr. H. §. Graves, and Mr. Austin Cary are arong the many Big 
arces who will attend the 20th annual meeting of the Massachusetts Forestry 
Association to be held in Boston at the end of December. 


un 1 fi in : . . a 
The Massachusetts Association is one of the oldest forestry associa- 


tions in ths country being founded in 1902 by Mr. Joseph Nowell of Winchester, 


Vassachusstts. During these 26 years much hes been accomplished in forestry 
and the Massachusetts Association as 2 body hes been responsibls for much 
wise forestry legislation, both national and state, haying fought for nearly 
ten years to bring about what is now known as the Weeks Law. Those who can 
attend this auspicious meeting are fortunate, since no doubt there will be 
many John Bunyon stories told of what vas = ang what is - and what ought to 
Be in forestry.--Z.D. 2. i 

7 


i | 


L —er 
Bg i ws 210t 7 7 iaoaelaly 


A_DHY _PBRIOD 3 is the: Forscast, for t ‘the. “Ploridas dia vies te e coming Fire Season, 
tho colebrated "licksr" and "chink" smuggling industry «hich has beech car- 
ricd on yertly within the National Forest boundary ° during the ‘past two years 
by the far-faincd auxiliary schooner "Success! having come to:an sbrupt end 
in the November term of the Federal court at Pénsacola. The chicf smugelor 
was given a jail séntence and a. heavy fine anda heavy fine was also im’ 
posed upon one of his assistants ., 5 Be Og (SEO aa 


A Tempting Offer from Middlebury doll2 ge, Vermont, has: igd to the resigna- 
tion of Forest. Supervisor J. J. Fritz of the ‘white Mountain Forest,’ who 
leaves to take up his new work. on January 1. Mr. Fritz will manage ae. 
50,000 acre forest tract donated to.the college some years ago and vill also 


fill teaching ‘assignnonts during the colle ge year. Ira T. Yarnall', formerly ~ 


Supervisor of the Tusayan Forost, District 3, and who for the past three. 
years has beon assistant supervisor of the Pisgah Forest in North Carolina, 
will succeed’ Supervisor Fritz on the White Mountain. A change in the super- 
visorship of. the Ozark Forest in Arkansas is also announced, forest Ranger 
Henry R. Kosn being. promoted and assigned’ to ths Ozark to succeed Mr. K.5. 
Kimball. Mr. Kimball left,the Service on December 15 to engage in private 
work. Liaberdta “i 


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: ae 


tl ec eats earn mae es apenas ee ae eer ee LL 


eee is on: ae arMaetarL to. bistrict. 7 “for got purpose of Scene SE “Beabrict’ 


law snforcement mame 21 and in ‘other ways Sbamatp abn: ‘the law ai 
activitics on the eastern. Forests. 


DISTRIO? § 4 ALASKA DIS@RICN 

From Aiaska: Chas. T. Gardner, Supervisor of the Tongass for many years, has 
resiguzd to go into the logging business with Sawyer & McKay. ‘Mr. Gardner 
Will therefore still haves considerable business on the National Forests. He 


Will be locatcd in Juneau. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner were in the States in October. 


Robt, A. Zeller succeeds Gardner at pases 


Louis King, fiscal agent, has transferred to D2 on account. of nis health. 
He is succeeded by Paul F. odlingsha fer of Dl. pi , ie 


“uns 


v 


wae 


| U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential) 


—_ 


Yol. VII, No. 2. Washington, D. G. January ©, 


Ae SO aA PT em re SY AS a A oe 
RN ee | 


SS ee ee 


By B. I. Shannon, D-o 


The Bard of Avon wotted not of Forest Service methods when he opined 
that we "rather bear the ills we have than fly to those we know not of" - 
for the averags Forest officer's avocation seems to be thinking up ways 
of "doing it different" from the orthodox manner. 

In the Bulletin of November 2, Supervisor Tinker observes that 
"the racords of the dangers and Supervisors are not only inadequate but 
unwieldy, in spite of ths pages of typswritten material gotten out annu+ 
ally." Then he proceeds to correct the situation by getting out another 
volume of instructions and forms. Apparently he figures that our records 
will be inadequate and unwieldy no matter how much typewritten matter is 
put out each year, therefore "another little drink won't do us any harm." 

The average Forest officer will echo Mr. Tinker’s complaint. ‘Take 
the filing scheme, for instance; clerks included, they all complain that 
it is complex and almost impossible. What bothers me is, how did they 
find it out? There is usually little to indicate that many of them ever 
tried it out thoroughly. This is true, possibly in alsss degree, of many 
other schemes that have been promulgated. When instructions aro received 
on the Forest, or in the District office in case they emanate from Washing- 
ton, they are usually accepted with the mental reservation "well, alright, 
that may fit some forests, but whatcha gonna do about a case like that on 
Squeedunk Hill?" Then the instructions are put into effect with a few 
modifications or embellishments to meet the "conditions peculiar to this 
forest." When the District office inspector happens around, the modifica- 
tions are justified on the ground that "they worked," regardless of the 
fact that the original instructions might have worked just as well had they 
been given a try-out. 

Mr, Tinker sets forth six paragraphs of advantages that will follow 
from his new plan, not to mention a sheaf of new ranger-notebook and let- 
ter-size forms. One of the advantages is the cutting "down of the amount 
of required field inspection." It seems to me this is just the reverse 
of the logical tendency, which should be to cut down on office work, re- 
ports, etc., in order to provide more time for field inspection. With 
this exception, the advantages given are also claimed practically in toto 
in ths instructionsand literature covering the Annual Working Plan and 
Monthly Plans of Work, which were issued by the forester 2 year or so ago. 
These instructions, together with the filing scheme and manual, provide 
amply for the results Mr, Tinker claims for his scheme. Why not try ‘em 
out? If the Rangers of Mr. Tinker's acquaintances are having the difficul- 
ties he enumerates in his articles, it is evident that they are not making 
& success of the Monthly Plan or Work idea, If tool box No. 4 needs a can 
of oil, if there ars several special uses that should be reported upon in 
the near future, etc., why can not notebook memos of these facts be placed 
in the Monthly Plan file or folder as the nced becomes known? Surely 
there will not be so many of them accumulate but what a Ranger can readily 
go through them and select the ones that can be attended to on a contem- 
plated field trip. If upon insrection he finds that the Squaw Creek 


THS TINKER TALLY SHEFTS (Cont. ) 


telephone line needs only a new bracket near the Thomas ranch, why shouldn't 
& Simple notebook memo to that effect filed with his Monthly Plan of ‘ork 
data bring the requirsd results, rather than getting out a prepared list 
of "well thought out" inspection questions and answering 211 of them even 
though the answers may be largely "yes" or "no"? Why provide an elaborate 
msthod of doing something that is already amply provided for in a more 
Simple way? Why burden the force with more forms and instructions when 

we already have more than we have time to get even slightly acquainted 
with? If a Supervisor gocs to the file of a given permittee, or improve- 
ment project, or what not, and fails to find detailed memoranda or informa- 
tion as to the status of the case, is it necessarily the fault of the sys- 
temp Aven a Ford won't run unless some one winds it up. 


ee ee 


By E. 3. Carter, Washington 


Wa had been discussing sales work, especially marking, for nearly a 
week. We had besn on four or five ranger districts, and had tried to point 
out what was wrong or what could be improved. ‘We had learned a lot about 
local conditions, both silvicultural and economic, from the Rangers. We 
had tried especially to gst the Rangers to see why certain marking was good 
under those conditions and why some was - well, not so good. It rarely was 
positively bad. 

Tnen we came to a now district. The man on it was 2 local product, | 
without spzcial training. He and the Supervisor had 2 lot of grazing mat- 
ters to thresh out ss we went along. ‘We looked over a sale, marked chiefly 
by @ former Ranger, 2nd found lots of room for improvement. We pointed out 
mistakes, 2nd areas where things were right, and the Ranger listened grave- 
ly. We could not jump on him for another man's work, but we could try to 
Sive nim some ideas about marking. 

Then we went on to another sale handled wholly by this Ranger. Per- 
haps we were tired. Anyhow, there was no great enthusiasm on display while 
on the road. One glance at that sale area, however, and every man was on 
his toss. Here was a new standard of performance. Here was a sale area 
marked right. Of course we squabbled over individual border line trees, 
but that was all there was to squabble over. Oh such a grand and glorious 
feeling! 

There was no mystery about it. This Ranger had absorbed the basic 
idea of leaving that patch of timber in the best possible condition for 
future growth, and then used his common sense and the silvicultural rudi- 
ments he had picked up from the Supervisor and members of his staff. He 
had used his marking hatchet with the dominant idea of leaving that stand 
in 2 growing condition. He did. 

To keep Mr. Ranger from getting too chesty, there had to be 2 gnat, 
if not 2 fly, in the ointment. He had just finished telling us that he had 
had no trouble with the purchaser when we happened on a cut unmarked tree 
lying on the ground, and it was the right kind of tree to leave and badly 
needed in its place. It is a safe bet that that kind of contract violation 
has not occurred again on that sale. 

Jan 2 Ranger be 2 forester? The ayes have it, unanimously. 


WORKING PLANS 


Ye of the field are not the only ones. Tho Forester, who has 4 
certain way about him, suggested that if working plans were found on the 
virgin loaf that was turned over this New Year, he would bs pleased, and 
if not, ----- . As a consequence, 211 branch offices have prepared 


complete plans for 1923. The Public Relations plan is the best one we 
have scen so far.=--Ed. 


ane 


CALLE OS 


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tal nun 


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men 


fe 


Per Cent of 


Sta. 


SSE | 9/67 


RasGanch on the Pencil Question 
By R. H. Weidman, Priest River Exp. 


x 


ihe N 


NG 


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Railroads | 

2 

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Incendia-\, 
LISIN eh 
Brush burn-|\'\\} 
ING . 

Campers |. 

Sawmills 


Lightni 


a 
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n> 
for 3 moment on tie possible reasons for such 4 


pencils, 


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4 Amn OD 
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mreroso 
To | rt QO, 
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Hel sleepers 
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See flps 8) 
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a ett oe} 
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Unrate: oy 
ar 9 S 
COL ae) So 
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n enormous disposi 


Ut igs a very common experi- 


vortion of this great quantity of. 


ntal loss. 


a 
= 


small but appreciable 


accounted for by .accid 


ntionally by another person. 


pencil carried off uninte 


ian} 
Pp 
qo ; 
5 a 
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i 


fat DD URES PENCIL (dont. } 


— ae - 0 


we are illustrating © point on paper wien ths other bo: rows our pencil to 
ampiify the point; and an ths course of tha Mickltane unconsciously places . 


the pensil in his pocket. In Wy Gwil experience of the last six months; I 
Can GAsitinotiy racsil thrae Peneils about Lalf used whieh were taken in 
tus wey.’ By the use of a little pleasantry, I recuveved two before it 
asco Leto; the other pot amay despite my usual Wait ef observetaam ain 
uch thires. JL bel ayeutit would be couservativs to sstimate that at Least 


a 
i) 

Actas ape iS nN. aie - " : . 7 > 
wWO pevcals per person ars’ lost wech Ven oe ee Way o " 


The thought which strixes me 3% Toroefully,.however, is that a very 
Considerable portion of the portils issued ent be accounted for by absolute 
Wahce. The standord woeden lead benci.) contsims soven inches of lead. Most 
Persons dG roa use a percil Asider ond 2s 2 seanit they use only about four 
invees Of tuis lead and thraw the romeinder into the waste backet. To use 
the ponan) taous a bolder when it is less thea two and a half or three 
MEAS 2onE 18 to use 2t with aifficulty and, inefficiently. By the use of 
the psrcil helder supplied from: Forest Service stock, it is possible to use 
all & ene isch of Lead. Thus by not using the holder eae of lead 


AMR ke i 
“person. At 27 pencils per persen, -54 1: iches 0 Sd 502 | 7 at 
pencils per person are wasted in this way. Major Kellay’s “query as fo what 
eacthi mel us can do toward reducing this waste might well be answered with 
ths advice that each of us use pencil holders when our pencils gst down to 
two and a half pa tnres inches long. 

It is interesting to note that a waste of 7.7 pencils per capita per 
year amounts to the guite impressive total of 20,020 pencils, or 28 per cent 
Of all) the ve de issued. I7.we assum2 now that half of the pencils which 
are lost Sheenag 34 being taken unconsciously by visitors to our desks, are 


are LapESS per 
Ms 


token by DsOpie - outeias ths Forest Sexvieos, the total ioss and waste amounts 
to 6.7 petcils por person or approximately 32 per cent of all the pencils. 
In tats “uy goss a part of the 27 pencils 


af per person. Assuming that 6 to 
8 peus..3 represents an adequate number for actual use - and in this Major 
Kelley's estimate seems liberal - there still ramain unaccounted for 10 pen- 
Cils per person ver. year, ieee indeed, go the pencils? 


STOP THR FIGHT: 


fo end the lead pencil controversy, the Madison Laboratory is hereby 
requested to discover an easy method of removing the lead from pencils. This 
will make lead pencils useless 2nd thus not only effect the economy so dear 
to Vejor Kelley, but cut down the paper work lamented by the anonymous Bul- 
letin post. Ths reclaimed graphite could be used to smooth the future for 
our 2mateur economists and poets.--Querulous. 


Requiescat in Pace 


The Zditor has watched this controversy oa ae keen to see that no 
bittsrnoss should crop ovt, as it is so apt to do when weighty subjects and 
brilliant minds com: togather. 

The subject is closed forever. And yet, as we lay it to rest, we 
can not but fesl that injustice has been done and that they have morely 
scratched the surface. We refer to the skads of paper on which the pencils 
were used. iors | 


WASHING? ON NoTag ; 


aaa i aaa ; 
In tha Service Bulletin of October 16 we #an an articl> without credit Pore, 
given thea au utnor. The article was "Hidden Bole Injuries Caused by Fire," 


and the author’ was H. G. Lachmund of tne O?fice of Forost Pathology, Bureau 
of Plant Industry, San Francisco. We apologize. 


Mir. Georges H. Lautz, Assistant Chie? Inginser; Ieft on January 2 to make the 

rounds of the Districts and discuss with them all enginsering work, partic- | 
ularly maps and surveys. This trip is expected to cover a period o¢ six . 
weeks. | 


ips 


WASHINGTON NOTSS (Cont.) 


Santa_tleus paid = visit to ths members of the Washington Office and their 
famiiies and distributed orescnts to tae younrsters and a few oldsters Like 
2 young spoud shiriit. 

The presentation was mad2 in the Sunday School room of the First Can 
eregational Cavrch. He got stuck in the cLimuey and dropped his pack, but 
nothing was injured. Santa explained thet if he kept on eating, and Christ- 
ms kept on coming, they'd have to have a bigger churney nexe time. Below 
is his note of thanks blown to the Zditor on the Christmas winds. 


"To all who contributed so much to the success of the annual Christ—- 
mis festivities of the Service, Santa Claus wants to return thanks and deep 
appreciation of their efforts to make this year's program more interesting 
and satisfying than ever befors. To the ladies who made purchases, helped 
-dress the tree and distributes the presents at the tree; to tne sweet singers 
who halpsed so much with their voices, and to the rest of the bunch who con- 
tributed their time and lebor in erecting the platform 2nd carrying out all 
the veal hard work of ths job, ihe Sincere thanks of everybody interested in 
the affair ars due.--Santa Clous. 


Se ee 


SURES? PRU PRODUGTS LABURATURY 


Eresidant Harding Favors | She oa aeblh A paragraph from the Prosident’ Ss recent 
pprriee message to Songeress is of interest..- 

.o"Dhere is, howaver,; another fisld of government - 2 eisai y broaden- 
ime sere of sovor mm snt,. expenditure - which may be discussed with profit to 
us Al die: “prefer. to expe shel tures which ar: being made from appropriations for 

Federal oes LHGLawes| Of) /r 3 search, improvement, 2nd development, which, while 
having no direct nonnect ion with the operations of the pusiness of govern- 
—ment, have grown to- become a recognized part of its activities. The extrane- 
.OuSs act ivities haye flowed from the laws enacted pursuant to popular. demand, 
sand I, take this cecasion to refér to them for the purpose or showing that 
the taxasion whith necessarily results in providing funds to meet them is a 
meacessary inciaent to the fulfillment: of the popnlar demand." 

a wil be recalled that the Uhamber of Commerce of the United States 
estimates that American indus tx ry is spending $70,000,000 annually on scien~ 
tific rescareh. ‘i Pet ; 


ae Fomor beet oe * 


Keeping Fit at the Lahorator. ry: That the need for some form of physical exer- 


cise is ‘realized at the Laboratory is indicated by the number of those inter- 
ested in the Various kinds 2 f physical deve eLonment. 
: sy t Lar 


3 foria is bowling to qhieh an average of 40 men and 10 
-girls devote 'tyo ees Briday. The Forest Service ‘has been represented 
on the loce ale alicys .fpr.. as of years, and includes some of the Best 
bowlers in Madison,,, . sigs 

At the city Y. M. G. A., almost a dozen men gather twice a, week for 
a strenuous rowid of sxcrcises topped off by several games or ‘so of Volley 
ball, basket ball, or indoor baseball. 
os She Laboratory is also re presented in 2 city basket ball league by a 
‘five which can’be selected from a dozen or so players, 2 number of whom have 
. played on ct Ollegs teams. ‘— ; a 

Another form of exercise is pitching horseshoes, which is represented 

by 3.number of participants - their s tanding is indicated by the 14 games 
.won out of 16 Played thus far with other leading Madison teams. 


_ DISTRIGT 1 - = HORNE DISTIIO2 

Damage to Yellow Pine by ths Mountain _Pine Beetle: A rather ‘interesting 
check has been sade on the sxtent of damage to yellow pine by the Daihe Gea 
pine beetis in the Big Actes ce drainage near Missoula, - The, A. Uv. HW. Jo. 
has recently had a sscond cruise made on a large 2rea. of. their, noe aies in 
this regina. Part of these lands had been previously cruised in 1902 by tha 
sams ¢ruiser who had charge of the second cruise. 5,260. acres in various 

42a,tracts were selected from four” townships for comparison. These |selec— 
plot. Were made because the 1902 estimate on them was known to be reliable. 
The areas selected are representative of about four townships. The net Loss 
in twenty years, as shown by ‘the new. estimate, averages 26 per cent. Only 
two tracts out of 211 those selected show any increase in volume sineae 1942,. 
E-K. 


Bee ee m Seb ped ped 


EERE 


ELOE AE 6 SOU WOUNTAIN DIGTRICD 


t 
a ~ 


Lelta County Livestock Msc’ 


OC: 
tne annusl meeting of tie Della County Livestock Asscciation of which State 
Saciior Kockwell is president. Therc has been considerable antagonism 
toward the Sorvice among the memosrs of this asscciation during ths p2st 
yeex on acaonat of the alleged neglect by the Service of the reconmenda- , 
fF tn: advisory Board of this association, and of ‘the smaller.'asSoc ia 


k tise ting: On June 3) the District forester attended 


GLENS OL 


$icnus affittated with it... vpportmity was given in the committee meetings) 
for vacicus moabers to air their views, and it is believed a pretty good 


undsrstancing wes arrived at without any unpleasantness on‘the floor of th¢ 
meetiug, <A Vest iat wom was, hovever,. passed to the effect that the local 
forest officers and the Listrict Office had: failed to cboperate with the 
Advisory Board in Delta County angt!-that: this fsiiure should be brought to 
the attention of the State representative in Congress. Tho whole difficult 
arose from our action in certain trespass. cases’ whieh were handled, as usua 
. Without being referred: to the Advisory Board. for their suggestions. Since 
mon proainent locally were involved, the matter immediately became one of 
portance to the association, ra see OUEe + ae 
i Other resolutions passed by the Delta County Association endorsed th 
Splitting of grazing fees, and requested that this plan be made permanent; 
Op-0Ssd the transfer of the forest Servic: to the Department of the Interig 
ang urged thet sheep grazing ‘be prohibited on the elk range on the Gunnison 


Forest on ths north fork of the Gunnison Rivers. +: a 


The Suporvisorst Mecting will besheld ‘in Denver from. February 5 to 10: Supa 
visors only will.bs in attendances. In addition to the discussion bythe 
Suporvisors and other mombsrs:of ths Service, talks will be mde by Jd. W. 
Johnson, District Enginser of the Bureau of Public Roads, Major Blauvelt, 
State Highway, inginser.of ‘the State of Coloradoo W. 3. Morrill, Colorado 
State Forester, 2nd‘Lou. D. Sweet, President of the Colorado State Sorestry! 
Association. Some -representative: to be chosen from a local lumber concern 
will also discuss the relation of the National Forests to-day to the lumber 
indus try.) if ; 


Planting on Minnesota. National Forest: A total of 800 acres was planted on . 
_the Minnesota Forest during the month of Uctober at anm-average cost of. 94.4" 
per acre. Two and three-year ‘seedlings and transplants, all Norway pine, 
were vsed. Thea two-year secdlings formed the largest plantation of 540 
acres which cost only $3.90 per acre. ree ee 
‘The past season was the driest growing season that has been experi- — 
‘enced in Iinnesota for many years. This culminated in the disastrous fires 
_throyghout the northern part of the: State from August to October. Conse- 
quently, the survivals in the plantations established last fall and’ spring 
are below the average, but. none of them are absolute failures. 


_ DISTRICT 3_= SOUTHVESTIAN DISTRICT. : 


Recornizance: Perhaps it's a new Zorest Service activity. A local item in a 
newspeper published in D-3 says that, "- - - a member of the United States 
Forest Service's recognizance party has lart the Service temporarily - - - 


Tho Morest Service Blaze: Supervisor Winn of the Gila, in an initjaled brie 
tribute to former Supervisor Goddard of the Tonto, in the Gila Bulletin, con 
cludes with "He has now taken the last “long trail (blazed to the last with 
the Forest Service blaze). It is doubtful whether words may be found that 
can be made to express ‘a* finer tribute. to a man's official career than to sa. 
that the trail he traveled was "blazed to the last with the Forest Service 
blaze," : avant tds de | 
Comforting; The following is an extract from a letter received from 2 per- 
mittee on the Chevalon Distrjiot.who has been a.iprest uscr for -many moons, 
in reply to our letter notifying him’ of a meeting at ‘Winslow: stand . 
"J will be unable to attend, but I still have my old time faith in 

the Forest Service. I fecl that the Service Wil] not do ‘anything but what 
seems best for all parties concerned, so I will abide by what you Ae pgnniae 
as bast action to take. east 
\ . ¢ “ 


abe 


a sf). 
Busy Men: Clipping of a loesl itam fron Magdalena news says “Supervisor Doug-- 
las of the Dati] National Forest was in town the last of the week on official 
business." In these days 91 heavy field travel it seems to be ene are to a 
catch a Supervisor in his oifice even ovcasi Sonally. | ar, 
On: More Item fo r_the gantinas A county agent in 2 Missouri: county attached 
%O 13 Seattle a model poultry house fécommended by the State college‘of 
a eeaud buns and carricd it with him for several months on his demonstration 

Ese a1 demonstrations were given at fourteen community fairs, and 

twenty-one new poultry houses are under ep auue Laon and twenty- 
Seven were remudeled during the year, 

Heaven forbid that exhibit materials may be added to the already bulg- 
ing cantina, butithe success the county agent | achieved is, mother indication 
of vinat may be expected from contentration on ‘important. vate in opposition 
to scattered efforts, . an 


44} 


ba 
Botts & = LN EAMOUNL ALIN Dio tt 1 


Murder Will Qut: It has just come to Light that the Assistant to the Solicitor 

gave a practical demonstration last summer of how to keep out of the clutches 

of tne law, and it was while he was' attnd ing 2 guard training camp for the 

purpose of demonstrating how to make tHe’ “arms of ths law clutch. Rune nae Th 

this way: han ; 
Ha ‘was us ing a (eeeaag aageee! gs a0t of éommon ‘make and drove into a 

certain town whose main street is ‘several per cent from being level.. ‘As he 

swung over toward the une gee he applied the brake, but to little 4vail. a 

By montal and physiesl contertions he stopped his vehicle, but notwuntil'he' — 

ka gcetly bunted another vehicle of the samé common makc, and started it: 

wa che streat minus.a driver. In due course of time it was stopped by a 

law ser wagon loaded with women and children, while its owner raced out from Na 6. 

garizent store shouting and waving his hands and uttering accusations. And hatte 

here is where the master hand.came in: It is claimed that he proved that’ since 

heisaer vehicle had any marks or abrasions showing physical contact, there 

must kava been a very slight earthquake, and even the people in the wagon 

testified to the shock.- He and tho’ Ranger then’ feturned to the training camp. 


Forest Service Teleyhone Line Tapped: Last year Hugh Smith and his daughter 
Hola, connested their ranch to the Forest Service line on the Teton. ‘they 
efused to renove their telephone and dared any Forest officer to enter the 
premises. Tho motte was turned over to ‘the Department of vusti ae and yes- 
terday a letter wes received. by the. Assistant ‘to the Solicitor from the 
United Staten Attorney at Cheyenne to the effect that oh August "Ra, 1922, a 
Buit nad been fiied in equity in une Federal court seeking BO, enjoin Syptaaa 
ance of the PEREEE SEs : ere rn 


e 


5 = CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


en 


Be 
[sp] 
Ea ; 
3 
3 


Timber Cruisers Return to Sivilization: Bronzed dy sun end wind, blessed with 
enormous appetites and presenting the very picture of health, thirteen Forest 
service timbér cruisers who have been working in the woods since last April 
returned to civilization yesterday. Under the direction.of Forest Examiner 
O. M. Svans of tha San‘#rancisco forestry headauarters, the party cruised and 
mapped 945,400 acres in the California, Plumas and, Stanislavs National Forests, 
containing over 1,000,000,000 board feet of lumber. The purpose of the work 
was to obtain estimates « and. maps of lofging chances on which future sales of 
Government timber can be made. Cruising was done according to the latest im- 
proved forest Service methods of timber ee in which the diameter and 
hetght of 10 per cent of the standing trees are measured on regalarly laid 
ous strips running through the forest. as data were also secured with Abney 
hand levels and chained distances, 

"é@ ned a wonderful trip and lots of hard work," said Mr. Hvans. "The 
boys of ovr Grew were a specially fine bunch of men, being forest students 
recruiicc from the State universities of California, Washington, Montane and 
‘Minnesota, the Oregon Agricultural College and the merase Sehool of Syracuse 


fees 
eee —eeeEEEEEeEeEeEeEeeEeEeEeerrreaeaeeeeeeeae_oeeeeee 


DISTRICT 5 (Gont,) 


as aL 
Timber Cruisors Return to Civilization (Jont.) 


Univorsity, N. Y. ‘Jo traveled with a pack train of five miles when on one 
job and moved from Yrest to Forest by motor truck. A real old—timar cook 
furnished the gastronomical featwres so essential to outdoor life, while 
Wem es Supplied ths masic -nd incentive for our morning ‘setting up" cx- 
sre isos, 


We"ve Got "am on | Un Gur List: Ton cascs from the Klamath National Forest were 
Submitted to the United § Statss Attorney on December 1 by Assistant to ‘i | 
Solicitor H. P. Dechant. Three’ of these cases involve violations of Se | 
tion 56 zor wilfully ere fire, four involve 2 violation of Teac ua 
Je 1 (2) for building a amp fire, without a permit, one covers a violation 

f Regulation T-7 .for. rte A 2 bear out of season, and one covers the 
ie of Government: property. All these were ékiminal cases. The tenth 
casc involves an injunction to restrain grazing trespass. (From the Weekly 
News Lettor D-5 of Dscomber 8,} 


DISTRICT 6 = NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


We at t_the no Law “Tas 5 Its’ Sourse: Somes: ‘now bale A. Thompson, Fire Assistant on the 
Malheur, 2nd. requests District, 6 to show cause why he should not be consid- 


iy. ered. the best big game huntor in the plumb entire | Forest Service. He sets 


forth as his reason, to wit; Grant Jounty produéés the biggest deer in the 

United States... Said P. A. Thompson won first prize, a powerful rifle of- 
fered by the. Gra ant County Mercentile Comany for the "largest spread" 

killed. in Grant County in.1922, la fact, the largest spread recorded in 


Grant County for any year was.this ieeeas 


Said buck was Supr. ©. C. Reid's especially trained, especially tamed 


-- buck ranging on ifurderers Creek, where he was used lest February in making 
‘State. geme motion picture filma. Said Supervisor represents that this buck 


possd. for 4 picture in all his proud beauty and was shot down in cold blood 


.in premeditation and malice aforethought by a gun in the hands of said 
: Thompson with intent to wound, cripple, injure, slay, and kill against the 


peace and dignity of Murderers Creek, Malheur National Forest, so help me 


Godt. 


The Big Show: The great indoor sport of: fighting fires on paper is the chief 
diversion in the Rainisr officc these days. What with the "A-to-Izzard" 
Fire Report, the D-6 Statistical Fire Summry, the form 926 Fire Report, 

and so on ad infinitum, ws 2r3 reminded of the pup: who concluded that he 
had been blessed with fleas so that he would forget his other troubles. 
Jostling "Sirs" fon the center of the stage, we find Grazing '"Re-co- 
nuisance''s while the wings are impatiently crowded Wy other ‘acts anxious 

for their. turn, - Property Inventory, famous juggler of pots,’ pans, and 
kettles; Annual Statistics, the mental marvel; Roads and Trails, with some 
naw fancy steps; and momerous other minor stars. 


An Zdible Insect: The Colorado Pandora Moth has tired of the yellow pine on 
the Klemath Indian.Reservation and has moved westward into the north end of 
the Crater Forest. Thousands of ths moth were flying in July 4nd August in 
the yellow pine in the Fort Klamath vicinity, where they were busily laying 
eggs on the yellow pine needles. The caterpillars which hetched this sum- 
mer will be edible pupae in 1924 - at ldéast the Klamath Indians think they 
are good cating, On the Reservation these- insects heve defoliated many 
thousands of acres. of yellow pine, | but, SO far but littls tambor has .been 
killed by them.--A.J.J. 


igie 


seth Uetin 
NS TOR boty ork VLC Er. | 
(Contents Confidential) 
fe] a =| 
Vol. VII, No. 3. Washington, D. ¢. Jamuary 15, 1923. 


iUNICT PAL CAMPS. 
By L. F. Kneipp, Vashington 


Lou Barrett, genial Chicf of Lands in District Five, plays by ear 
the entirs Xecreation symphony, from Aviation to Water Sports, but his pet 
Ssisction is Municipal Camps and municipal cooperation in camp ground im- 
provemsnt. fo him, the day thet passes without the initiation of a new 
municipal camp project or 2 substantial donation by somes thriving metrop- 
olis to ths improvement of a Porost camp ground, is a total loss. Last 
spring hz added the city of Stockton to the bright galaxy, and last fall 
the manager of the camp told the plavground commission what he thought of 
the ssason’s work. Some parts of his report ars as follows: 


A noteworthy thing has becn happening the past few years in Stockton 
and all over our country. Business men and women aro discovering a new con- 
tinuing element in life - or rather, of new application of an old element. 

The clement of play or a "cood time. 

Members of the Stockton Sees and Recreation Commission heve been 
broclaiming persistently the importance and necessity in life of recreation 
and play for ths adult as well as the child and have been steadily and gradu- 
ally cresting morse opportunities for the loisure time of the citizen. 

The Municipal Camp has been a new municipal onterprise and was re- 
€sived with spiendid cnthusiasm throvghout the sumncr. Stockton's Reerea+ 
tion Camp at Silver Lake, on the scenic Alpine Highway, 100 miles from Stock- 
ton, was dedicatsc July 29, 1922, to the future health and enjoyment of the 
people of Stockton. 

fhe Mayor and the City Zathers 2re to be congratulated on their pro- 
gressive action in making possible this great outdoor institution - a Munici- 
pal Camp - which is not a luxury but 2 necassary part of education and life. 
These men realize that in making it easy for veopls to go to the mountains 

and enjoy the purs air and sunshine ond glorious sconery of God's out-of-doors, 
they and their coworkers are making it easier for the people to be more usc- 
ful citizens, 

Jchn Muir has well put this thought, "Christianity and Mountainanity 
ars sirsams from the same fountain." 

One object of the camp was to provide the people of Stockton an op- 
portunity for a two weeks' vacation in the health-giving atmosphere of. the 
High Sierras at a minimum cost. A two weeks' outing including Board, Lodging 
and Transportation to and from Camp was yrovided for ¢ 25.00. 

Stoci:ton's Municipal Camp was 2 real democratic camp, 2 large comm- 
hity homs with a wonderful camp spirit. In reality the camp was a little 
world, but tho folks eat camp learned a heap thet will serve them in the big 
world. 

From the hundreds of expressions of enthusiastic campers the need for 
Just such 2 camp is apparent. For somes, camp was 2 plnce for rest, Sleep, 
regular habits and the joy of living. ‘or the more amitious, there was the 
"joy of cola water, strong winds, long roads, brown warth, open fires, frisnds 
on the hike, swimming, rowing, the trail up tho mountain and round the lake." 


EEN Yk Se eh 


The city of Stockton is greteful to the United States Forest Service 
for permitting the citizens to have a Municipal Camp in the 31 Dorado Na- 
tional Forest and the Camp Managerent tried at 211 times to observe the 
rules, regulations and laws as iaid down by the Forest Service Department. 
The splendid cooperation of the Government's representatives, Udwin F. Smith, 
the Forest Supervisor, 21 Dorado National forest, and Ranger J. W. Hughes, 
was of material assistance in starting the ‘aaresigail Camp. Their suggestions 
and Baies wers always very constructive and valuable. It is indeed a great 
aie aa for the people of California to obtain tracts of land in the Na- 
tional forest for recreation purposes, and the citizens at the Stockton 


timnicips: fil Camp wer2 indeed very appreciative and tried to carry out the Gov- 
ernient's policy. 


DEMONSTRATION FORESTS 
By ©. G. Bates, Fremont =xp. Station 


In "Applied Forestry Notes" for December (the Ressarch publication of 
District 1), R. H. Weidman, Director of the Priest River Ixperiment Station, 
m2ke3s the altogether unwarrented claim that his "Station is unique compared 
with the other sxperiment stations of the Forest Service in that it possesses 
an experimental forest. 

The fremont Experiment Station has a demonstration or experimental 
forest - has hed it since 1909, though, like many another good thing, the m 
ing of a coordinated plan for it has had to be put off until recently, when a 
good beginning has been mide by Forest Sxaminer Roeser. This Forest is only 
160 acrcs in cxtcnt, but its size is quite in keeping with my personal pre?f- 
crence for small anc vary intensivs experimental arcas. The whole comprises 
a ngat natural logging unit, drained by thrse streams, and all tributary to 
the Station wood pile. Sutting on the area is dons almost entirsly for fuel, 
although incidentally soms railroad tiss have becn made. As this cutting is 
done by forsst officers the work may be carrisd out in an ideal manner, safe- 
guarding an ideal plan and ideal marking. Within the area, the unit is an 
acrs., avery opsration in any manner affecting the forest conditions of an 
acre will ovsntually bs a part of the record of that acre. Also, as soon as 
any acre is reached for cutting, it is expected to start an individual growth 
record of every tree. Of course, this recording and Pee takss time, but 
otherwise ths intensive management will cost very little. forestation ex- 
periments can usually be located on areas which have ee reproduced naturall 
or where, because of serious disease infections, clear cutting is desirabls. 

The fuel demands of the Station require the cleaning up of four or 
five acres annually, each being left, as nearly as vresent knowledge permits, 
in perfect silvicultural condition. Thus the 160 acres will be cut over in 
55 to 40 years. Meanwhile the areas which have been put in good condition 
Should serve visiting Porest officers as an inspiring axample of the goals 
toward which all management should be directed - thorough utilization, elimi- 
nation of disease, certain natural rsproduction or immediate replanting, and 
Sustained yield. To my mind, the experimental forest serves also a very use- 
ful purpose within the Research organization by permitting the wildest of 
theories to be put to practical test, if only on a small scale. 


SOME OBJECTIONS To OBJECTIVES 


ss 


By ©, M. Granger, D-2 
Locks, in @ recent book, speaks through one of his characters thus; 


"In Snglend you keep your ideals hidden until some great catastrophe 
happens, then you bring them out to help you along. Ctherwise it is immod- 
est to expose them. In Russia ideals are exposed 2ll the tims, so that when 
the tims for their 2pplication comes they're worn so thin they're useless." 


Pos 


BOL on be Sui ib no OU JUs TIP IVS 


In the Service to-day there is a restless urge to set down our ob- 
Jeetives - major objectives and minor, Service objectives and District, Yo 
est, Ranger District 1nd personal objectives. We mast know the precise noe 

we are heading for so that we may lay our course and stock our hold acoord- 
ing iy. beh 
What do we mean by all these terms ~ major objectives, minor objec- 
tives, Service, District and Forest objectives? What do we mean by "Limited" 
ovjectives, by ‘johsF’ One man talks of minor. objectives and visualizes the 
Sam: thing that another calls jobs. Lt ae much like the fog that envelopes 
She use of our "standards" and "Guides. ' : 

But this confusion causes me no’ teats alarm. Lt wall rishi wtseis. 
and we will come jout of the fog with a list of pe rfectly tangible, under- 
§tandable jobs that we want to eet done. Speed that day! 
there is one tendency that does arouse many misgivings ~ the apparent 
' desire to set down in one, two, three order the great major objectives of 
the Service, which I translats as the Servicaé ideals. There seems to bea 
feel ing that, after seventeen years, we mst now catalogue the big things 
for ‘hich the Service is working, that 211 who run may read. .Do we really 
want ito de this? . De we vant -to reduce to print the big visions. which cre- 
ated the Servic and hold it togéther and vastly developed it in face of open 
and segret opp oSition? Are there not certain great ‘goals. toward : vhich we are 


striving which are too obvious, too much now. a matter of tradition, to need 
writing don? Do we sot all of ws instinetively know for what fundamental 
things we - the Services - are striving, ad is not the binding strength of 


those things far ereater unwritten? Is there not danger of wearing them 
thin 2nd even of mking them ridiguions by placing, them eategorically before 
each man in ‘vrjint? 

The strength of the Service is in its idsals. We want each newcomer 
to know those ideals ond, each. older member tg work toward them undeviatingly. 
But lot the new man get them by’ contagt,: ‘by sceing his mentor do each job 
well. <A job wel} done is the’ surest broof of a sound idsal. We do not 
parad2 our own personal idcals ~ we haid them too closely in our hearts for 
that. Why, ‘tHen, should we ‘parade our Sorvice ideals, which are nothing 
mor2 nor less than the collective idsals of the Sonmiee mén and women? 

i, Let us set down the mdny | ‘jobs we have got to co, and then do them. 
But let us not Russianiize: our ideals, i sa . 


ee ae ae es nl 


By Tmse Winkler, nan eRe 


A recent letter from Sen3tor Borah of.Idaho indicates that he has re- 
ceived considcrable criticism to the effect. that the large outfits are crowd- 
ing the smll outfits out of the National Forest ranges in his State. i 

The following shows the percentage increase and decrease, in the num 
ber of individual permittses by grades and‘ number of stock controlled by the 
respective grades for the period 1916 to 1921 in Idaho; 


‘Gatti: 
Grado ‘isd _ Number of pe roits: : Number stock 
: fe 2% ei ¢ ont if: per, cent: 
1 to 40 head "gi 5 Vay Ra a a bli Ane 
7 Oa 106 " ‘ 1615 tt 1% 18.8 etl 
ROR Bu 2OG,, tt"! . Gi. te “it Lo”) - deere . 4 eure 
Gver. 200 " Sy 5 Gcerey. ren ee " 
S hice ep. 
1 to 1000 head 1D) D0 pram Radin > Woe onene a 
1001" 2509." : Bee eth od te) AGN a aad ecar. 
201 " 4000 " ; 27 dace. rou Meili ike 


Over 40uu- " gee bet 14 yer : Be» Bees ooh 


) YBIGeAND DITREA Caren aN (Cont: . | 


For the six-year period tisve hag bee na 
ber of sm2ll owners in Iachn and :the dimter of 
the Other Mand, tae opposite ds-true ¢f the lar 
e figures do Not indicate thit our p 
darge\ownsrs as is oftén charged. 
t ‘ d , 


merked  inerease 

stock controlled by them. On 
£22 OWKNSTES © : 
clicy has been favoring the | 


Ty THE Por! QHINZE 


tet Se teh AU VE LoS 


. ile socts | like a ‘far ery from the eumaenee of our timber supply to the 
absolute demmiation of China. The following interesting ox erpt is from’a 
letter gies agains from’ W. C. Lowdermilk, formerly investigative officer 

in District 1 snd now teaching forestry at the University of Nenking: 


"As one might suspect, the Chinese tyve of civilization has not made 
proviSion for forest p2rp stuation. The forsst cover on the hills has been 
repeatedly romoved and 2t the. present time forests are not permitted to re- 
sain the ir plac., beceusdé the grass and every othsr vegetative cover is ane 
nually cut - literally shaved off - bound into bundles and carried by coolies 
into the city for fuel. THis grass fucl ‘is used for cooking only. fuel for. 
heating is practically unknown among the ‘Shinese. Thus is home life and Com 
ame curtailed by the absence of sufficient fash, not to:mention the absence . 
ofa sufficient supply af wood for the needs o'f;3 industry” and dvellings. The , 
shortags of ood has its Yanefl offacts upon a11 the people." M4 
208? OF STEEL LOoKeUT TOWERS - 

By 3.) ele Washing ton bs 
. 5 bs ‘ | Nar acs Me i 

The figures given in pie Mo talon tabl's ‘my Be od becoyae to ‘pros pece 
tive purchasers of steel towers. The difference, between prices as ‘quoted by. 
ons comprny of single towers of given heights’ and lot purchases of similar 
towers is striking. It argues strongly for consolidated District or Forest 
purchases as far as practicable. 


Le Gpbes | 


Description of tower mag. nh 15), 30 or more 

BO asi wile! ttc bi ba, $600 . 9.8420 $345.8. S314 oe: 
45 en 0 eRe ke PG) 66 0) BBB OF 1aAB 389 ae 
60 = ott if & a 1040 °°. 640 516 _ 468 


BO. 1 tt LY Sa re : ar if 120 . 760 626 965 ; : ; 7 


The sivil Service Vommission has been requested to hold the Zorest Assistant © 
and Grazing Assistant examinations on March'13-14 ,and 15-16, respectively. 
This notice is given at this tims so a's to allow any members of the Service 
planning on taking 2ithsr to have ampls' time for preparstion. ‘ 

By having onc examination follow immediately after th: other, it is 
thought that it will make it more readily possibls for those who have to trevel 
to 2 place of ex2mination to take both 1f they desire. 


Inspector elle ter began 'the New Year by leaving Washington for 2 two months’ 
visit to the ‘Jestcrn Districts and the, Madison Laboratory. P. R. supplisc him 
before leaving with a-.sheaf of intervi2ws:in which are delicately twined vari= 


ous forceful thoughts. We iaxpsct h2 vill make good use of them. 
fhe Timber _Crop Report is practically finished, and if ono can judge by the 


effect at hes produced on those who worked so hard to complete it, it iS ox= 
haustive. Sight of them are home recuperating. 


ibe 


oh 


WASHINGTON MOVES (Cont. ) 


Mr. Dort arrived in Washington davuary 2 from suneau and Ketchikan, Alaska. 
Seba 


be ras psen Studying the. we Y TFSEBOMscEs of coutheestorn Alaska, having 


ae Powe) 
sesnt the Pield Seasons oF 272k Aad so ees da dis werk. Me Hope wer’an erti- 


‘cle. Me ae Bulictin trom him in the near’ tbures 


DUSTS LABORATORY 


PORSST PA 
fhe Oruise of ‘the WIZ4":. A. piece: of wood, a white oak pipe stave sent the 
dabor teow sesanils | dcuvtlass has a history.as.interesting as any ‘wood * 
Sanrio we haves hee’ da eka Ty menths. This stave wasioene or a cargo shipoed to 
Porvugal fom Mobile, Aiatama,.by. a Georgia’ hardwoods manufacturer. When thg 
Staves were shippsd they weré avparently in: first class shape, but about a 


year ‘later when examined in a warchouse in Lisbon they were found so badly in- 
fected by fungi that they were vseless for tight ecoperage purposes. Between 
the time of shipment. and: reaching ;‘Vheir: Ce roe pleas, elapsed 


- -eieven months amt and thereby hanes a ykOTy 


oe } es 
“wt ‘schooner aRORVANG sank « at. her bomth: at Mobite while ieee staves 
_ in January, 1920. The vessel. was raised, the’ staves removed, the damages re- 
paired, the’ staves reloaded, and. she: fine 11y sailed from Mobile February 4. 
On February'11 she put into Havana in distress and, after remaining there un- 
til April’ 20 for’ temporary repairs, started back to. Mobile for permanent ones. 
She want: aground ‘olitside oO? Mobile but was towed into port 6n May 6. At Mo- 
bile’ the Staves” crete need n th? vessel for about a month and then, on June 9, 
the cargo of staves was removed and she went to the ways for repairs. The 
Staves were Lae eet din StUr EGS, © ‘and at, that time our Mobile agent wrote us that 
the stavas ‘were: a addy but otherwise ell ri ight. ! On September 15 the "LUIZA" 
again teft from Mobile, aud.finally:on November od 1920, she arrived off Lis- 
sbon ‘with. Six: fet, re water in hor hold,” a a y 


\seeaen enefernneas nosinas sears panne suspense +2 ASA — ae 


precession hee received wore cae ne anne the spac 12 months than for 
many years. This is partly due to mounting costs of material; and partly be- 
 @ausie-oft the efforts of the Forest. Service.and the Bureaw of Mines: to inter- 
‘est mins overs in timber preservation. @he need. for: ‘preservation is easily 
Mecoghized, “A thorough. study. of timber purdhase, storage, and use at any 
large mining operation can scarcely fail to.convinee anyon? that considerable 
Savings are possible in timbering costs. Sufficient experiments have now been 
made to show definitely how to select, store, treat, and use timber satisfac- 
ctorily, and aii ‘the operator nseds to do is to. acquaint himself with what is 
‘known now, and to males. the best use of this knowle BEe By ete to his 
manne conditions, 
aher Scterity of aeents. et iite mheaervatives is responsible for some of 
the! increas in ths use of treated material. Many of the preservatives sold 
are good, end, if properly used, Dring exce 2llent returns on the investment. 
Others ar. not so desirable, or more frequently are good preservatives but are 
impr ope rly uS3d. MTG ae hard. at.dines, to convince users: that under -practically 
all Oo erie iS thor'o uch me tay ds of treatment are best. 
y. - A difficulty in the.way of more extensive use of: treated material is 
that Open- tank treating equipment is not available in stock sizes and designs, 
like other mining oe ae the oe ee is very Simple and easily designed, 
however, end this need not deter anyone. Theifatt that it-is- 80 ‘simple and is 
not’ paten*sofe, as eit as beeause it is in littls.demend,has no’ doubt made 
the matter ox Jit tie interest to equipment manura eturbrs. 6 is hoped, how- 
ever, eee “hing can bs dene toward: pee ines vegdy made: equipment. available. 
~On the whole ths progre ss in mine ea 5, mas cnet ‘during 1922 has 
been quite satisfactory, and a good groundwork nas beon laid for much “ore 


rapid progress in the future. 


ew 


. — oe ae en ete heme aoe 


Mir. R. P. MeLaughlin, State Forestcr of Montana, is out for 2 number of 
changes in ths Montana forest Law this winter. The timber sale procedure 
as outlinsd by law, he thinks, is cumberscme anc indirect. Ths law says 
only "timber which is over sight inches in diameter, 20 feet from the 
‘po aa should be cut. "This should be repealed," says Mr. McLaughlin, 
Sincs no one but Paul Bunyan can execute such a law." 

changes in laws rolative to slash disposal, brush burning, and vari- 
ous phases of State Forestry work will be sought from thse coming legislatures 
Jarhart _Resizns; Arthur H. Carhart, the first and only Recreation Ungineer 
of the Morest Service, engaged eee usd uty ie National to rests, has deo- 
Cided to heng out a private shingle: and start 2 business of his own simual- 
tanesousiy with the Now Yesr. 

Though never responsible to "Ressarch,” he has often been referred 
.to 28-2 Sorvics Experiment, In the four years .he has been employed, he has 
demonstrated there is a ficld for ths traincd landscape architect, a defi- 
nite necd for the systematic planning of recreation development. The ex- 
. periment has ‘been concluded, but the full results can not yet be announced. 
This much is certain, - ho has justifisd the: expenditure matie on the experi- 
ment and has left behina accomplishment which will be-invaluable to the wr- 
est. forcss in carrying the responsibilitics of the activity. The Forest 
Service extcnds genuine Gosdvishes for 2 Prosperous New Year. 


at 


4 
~ 


a] 
3p) 
J 
(e) 
cay 


= SOUTHS Usiis TaRN 2 DISTRILT 


Train o¢ Lambs: .The Hubbell lambs, numbering 13,314, many of which were 
row on the Datil. National Forest, were racently Sn ipacd from Magdalena. 
They mde oS of 67 cars; the toned st train that has left Magdale ana. 


They were adc Bae aa Colorado points. 


i) 


Ton: 0 Moves Shiba aetl onan ‘Swift of ths (ehactaied has z actepted ‘the: Sapervisor- 


r3 
re) 


will, be moved: from Roosevelt to. Phoenix. Mae, aeene L date* move, is to 
made has been left with oss gas Swift. Successor to Swift on, the 
ro ok bas not becn named. aig : 


Ship of the Tonto’ 2s successor to the late W. H. Goddard, and the headquar- 


‘ 
5 


Survey, aamovunces shat J. Stokley Ligon, Government Hunter, vito was quite 
well-known: throughout the Southwest, is organizing and prosecuting a wolf 
camp2tign in Alaska. -Ligon rsports that climtic and soil conditions mike 
work in Alaska quite different from that in the rest of the United States. 


Oid Timer denpeadnoud Alaska: The Survey, the news latter of the Biological 


With.Zvery Suécess a Sacrifiés: Mr, Rex King was the.subjsect of a mather 
Peculiar: acdidentlast week. While working at his de 2Skk surrounded by range 
apprAisalvdata, itestdds nly caved in on him and it was several hours ‘before 
he could we extvicated.:’ He was somewhat bruised by an 2ecessibility map 
falling across him and barcly esca2nsd suff ocation from a2 heavy investment 
in yater ds peace: ee 


Marking in a Vestoritumiea lina Pade: Here is a- situation that confronted 2 cer- 
tain forest officer in Arizona and what he-mde out of it:- Area, “600, ACres. 
Net stand of timber after 25 per cent deduction for defect (determined by 
actual scale), 2,245,121 fect B.M. Stand, overmaturs. Mistletoe “infection, 
bead. In handling the: job there was left 968 board feet per acre. This is 
25.6 per cent of the originel stand. ‘The rumber of trees 6" in diamster and 
up, that were left mde an average of 13 per acre. Seed trees above 2u) in 
dianever made an averags of 1.04 per acre., There were’ & secdlings < and | S2p- 
lings per acre. This was a difficult area to merk. Preferably 2 larger number 
of seed trees,which would mean 2 bigger volume per 2cre should uae been left. 


af 


DISTRICT? 5, (cent. } 


ee 


pays @ vattleman: lr, Victor Julbsrson,of the GOS Cattle Company on the Gila, 
1 S 9 


renarks in an interview printed in the WL, Peso, Harald, in which he draws 
Darablels Deiweemrine iarowwhis of 904 cna 1Sac ang wredicts a crmmi’s ine 
outlook: just ahead, "range manggene nt Wi Ll lie Orr ticed more ees (Muy is ly ang 
seientifically than at any qprevious bime.in the annals of the Teusery. 
Pasttires will be universally fenced and Ovcrstociing will be. avoided." ax 


pressions htvs aring as though from a familiar vocabuiarya 


Mow in Operation: The smoke-treating. plant of the Clerkdalé> smelter of the 
United Verde Coppor Company, near the Prescott, has been SABES d. About 
two, ycars wete used in the construction, and the @0st,iS-41,100,000... By,an 
seca “prevess, 95 to 98 per cent of: the solid matter is removed from 
the smelter smoke. This is the first smelter smoke-treating plant to be 
built in Arizona and it is said that there are only a few in the world. 
Practically all forms of vegetation for considsrable distances around have 
i destroyed or badly Sees by the gassous smokes from the Clarkdale: 
melter in Dae ee 


Drs Prank At _Vaugh Fete 7 uring Dr. Waugh's. recent visit to this forest he 
came'in'¢ontact with a. es number of.representative citizens. He was given 
& room at the eae Club and later a banquet. 
'. The Commercial Club escorted him over;the Alpine Drive. 

He was given 2 lunchéon at the Alta Club and was taken by the Rotary 
Club to visit Rotary Greve in City Creek Canyon. 

Ths Kiwanis Club put on a wood-sawing contest. in Big Cottonwood 
Canyon and: took moving pictures of the event in which Dr. Waugh took a lead- 
ing’ part. These pictures were showm the following Sunday at the Pantages, 
and Dr. Waugh had an opportunity to see himself in action. The Mayor of 
Salt Laks made a special trip to greet Dr. Yavgh at this event. 

The State Enginsers gave 2 Bade in his honor at which the May or and 
ths Governor gave talks, 

The Rotary Club took Dr. Waugh to their weekly luncheon. 

Bontires in his honor were given at the Community Camp and at Mutual 
Delt an Amsrican Fork. Canyon eik : 

The staff doctors of one of the local hospitals met with him and prom- 
ised to do their part in establishing a health camp the coming season. 


i the Livestock Men; Stockmen.on the Mayhill District of the Lincoln 


rec gE their cattle for shipment and then had to turn them Tope 
because ths railroad company was HEI ONS to-furnish cars. 


ank Wood, an | old-time feaieeen who lives in Jackson, 
/50 00 or © 506.00 worth of martan, coyote and mis- 
vilthin the city. limits, has made some interesting 
uraction of blue grouse by weesels.  Zvidence in the 
invine been killed by weascls where there was no visi- 


a] S 

5 hejetoacic, the only ssgns beane ‘such asp io. tnd ieaje, the, endijof 
tne strupole, arouses hos curtus ty, and ah investigation of several cases: 
inwicated tuat the srovse ars atsackcd in their natural habitat high up ona 
Hiliszde, and are abic “o’ tise a7 away, velhbo the at taaning se but 
unajrls +O escape, Since the weas3) . rently continues the attack while 
being borne through whe sir, evedi ly beinging the grouse down where the 
end of the struggle as nected. is plainiy shown in the snow. 


DISMRICT 5 = CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


tor; We'had a call on August 24 from Mri. Leroy Jeffers, of New 

: retary of the Associated Mountaineering clups of North America. 
this bureau comprises 50 clubs and. sécicties) having in saddition to. cutdoor 
and meuntal Lng activitiss a common interest in the crsation, development 

and protection of National Parks and National forests. ‘e valet Mir: 

defféers +7i'tis prints or a large namber of our Best ,scsnic)pictures ‘of 
tional Porests of this District, and these will be, ineorporatsd,into.t 
Collection which the bureau maintains for the benefit of the public in New 
York City. 

0 > See 


te es > 
Loe = a 


erra: This past scason 2 party of State Foresters, fiftsen in party from 
everal castzrn States, visited the Signal Peak Lookout, and from ths ques- 
rina asked they were greatly interested in the work. ih the party was 2 
French lady whose fathsr is 4 forester in Francs. She seemed very much in- 
tarested in the work and asked many quostions regerding the methods of hand- 
ling fires in our Forests, all of which were answered in an able manner by 
the District Ranger, Mal McClseed, who met the party there. . 


Sells sts by These Stanislaus Birds: A Duplex truck used by the Berkeley 
‘unicipal vamp to haul people ‘to their camp grounds took fire in some unex- 
plained manner and was completely destroyed. Eere is ths report: "Smith 
Peak rsported fire at 10 A. M., Grover /Lyons, garageman at Buck Meadows, at 
10:05, and Duckwall He. at 16.09. uy Snappy work! 


"Look Bs sfore ¥ You Leap": At threc o! clock in ths morning recently, George 
Cory was awnakénsd by what he thought Wis a wood rat’ gnawing. Cory jumped 
out of bod, intending to sears the intruder away. Before landing on: ie 
floor, however his feet hit 4 porcupine. . A pe ip ori plicrs anc a large quan- 
tity of iodine were usod to administer first aids Cory has sworn to Lose 


before hs le 7a )S her vat tor._—Shasta. is ~ 


\ 4 ; tet ‘ 
Picnic For tho U Bitte dg te Bobbiz (age 5) was in town and sax the Willows — 
transfer track loading up vith provisions for the fire fighters at Alder . 
Springs. Waen hy came homs he said:., 

"Moth sr, do you know what I say onday? The grease for the fire.’ z 
saw them loadin'." 3 hehe “i ; | | 


His Prices is "Apove Rubies*: A professional’ man well known in San’ Francisco 
recently left his camp fire burning near Dutch Flat, Placer County. Now 
thera is hothing that riles Guard Trousdale and Ranger Hurst more than this, 
Same practice, and.théy just naturally haylied the gentleman:before a ‘justice 
and experienced the. satisfaction of having him fined &5uU.. The 618-b con- 
Gludes thus; “Dr. ----- was very anxious to avoid appearing in. court, and. 
through a friend of his made an indirect pffe r to bribe. Ranger Hurst to drop 
the case, His*bid was too low." 


DISTRIST 6 - NORTH PAJIZIG DIS PRY? 


Sos ues nape tees pestnate flees pes pone Daeeieer Sa RSD POMS Sa? San =A estas Seven ee 


Winter Study Coarse: Ranger Lyman of the Siskiyou believes in inter Study 
Courses. He says:- : 


MWe are told that the Vinter Study Course is to be relegated to the 
rsalm of the 'Light.-Burners,' the ‘didn't-know-it-was loaded, the 'man-—who- 
rocked-the-boat' and other also-rans. How come? 

One brief experiance of’ study courses rovealed to.us the following 
mérits; . is 
"), They stimulate general interest in all activities. 

2. They vrovide an opportunity for 2 general brushing up on Regulatio 
which we would not otherwise take time: for. ; 

‘3. Dhoy keep the field force in touch with the District office visy- 
point regarding practical’ daily problems. 

"4, They give an opportunity for fisld men to state their views of 
practical daily vroblems. 

‘5. Thay vrovide a practical worth-while occupation during bed winter 
weather. , 

Are these considerations of negligible value in prometing the effi- 
ciency of the Service?” 


Game lieeting at Scattlo;: Recently a 3-day metting was held at Seattle at 
which raoresentatives of the State Game Department, County Game Commission- 
ers and Game Wardens, State phe Biological Survey, Washington State 
Sportsmen's Associ2tion, and the rest Service were present. The purposes: 
Of the meeting was to perfect pre for closer cooperation and the initia- 
tion of the necessary legislation for a better administrative law pertain- 
ing to wild life in tho State of Washington. ‘The meeting was very harmo- 
nious ‘ani represented a longs ae) an in the way of cooperative unier- 
standine between the many interested partics.--"3.N.K. 


-8- 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 


Vol. VII, No. 4. Washington, D. c. January 22, 1923, 


WHAT IS THE MATT SR Wty OUR LAND 2XJHANGZ BUSIN2zsSe 
By L. FB, Kneipp, Washington 


About ons-seventh of ths SroOss arsa of thse National Forests is in 
Stats, corporate or privats ownership, a fact which has painfully SPT? sae 
itself upon many 2n ambitiong forest officer eveagsa in the preparation of 
working plans. for ysars ang years we hoped and groped for some plan to 
mect the difficult problsom of diversas Qwnerships within natural units of 
timber-ssls, firs Pretcetion and grazing management. Nor wera we alons in 
our hopes. States xg privats ownars also rocoenized the advantages of © 
Consolidating their holdings into eompsct bodiag capable of sfficient use 
And manigement. Ths answer was "Land axchangs” and toward that ena both 
Public officers ang private ovmers worked hard and effectively. Piecsmeal 
progress was made under Special acts applicable to individual holdings or 
Specific Forests, but the big idea wes 2 measure authorizing exchanges in 
any %ud 211 Forests, ‘ 

The President Signed ths 


General Land Ixshanes Act of March 20, 1922, 
and we had visions of 2 rush o7 


Privat: ovmers rivaling that following tha 
Opening of the Cherokee Strip, Nothing happened. . Ws then concluded that 
while no rush ould occur thers would be a deliberate and orderly movement 
for oxchangss which would result in the rapid acquisition of the most im 
portant lands now in Private hands, Nothing of the sort has occurred. | 
Luckless holders o¢ inaccessible or relatively valueless lands have naively 
Proposed exchanges for equal areas of valuable timber close to railroads 
and many lemons hive besn tentatively tenderad, but thus far offerings of 
the kinds of land ws want have been few and far Detween. ~., 

Another thought was that Supervisors, troubled for years by tpSagst- 
istence of private holdings, woule concentrates their efforts upor the pr 
ration of lang exchange pla 


uS, securs their approval, and then Agere 
Proceed to put over Soms very desirable dsals. 


happening, but if SO the results have 
ington office. 
There is no d3sirs to make 2 showing of larg exchange business 2x0 
in the form of improved National Forsst Conditions. Ths Government hes abun—- 
dant time eng patisnes, and any advanca occurring in the valu3 of private 
lands will be Compensated for by comparable advances in the valus of Govern- 
ment land and Stumpage. We can better afford to teke time than to male 
Serious mistakes, The present inactivity in land exchange worl: trsrefore 
raises only one qusstion, and that is whether thers is 2ny serious sefect 
in our land exchange Policy 2n3 proce2aura. Are ws defeating our own bast 
ends by asking to Have ve created the impr3s- 
Sion in the minds Of private ownars that Sxchangss ara vomplicated proceeg- 
ings involving heavy costs ang the employment of exp snusiva Speclaiisits? 
is there, in fact, anything the matter with our POSition, or must the appar 
ent Lack of interest bs credited to other conditions? Perhaps some of 2he 
men in the field, where the Other end of the brodblys is most aypsrent, can 
Contribute Constructivs Suggestions on tha ZV jus +, 


tn 


SSively 
Perhaps this is a¢ tual ly 


not manifested themselves in the Wash 


apt 


Ly GALL i ALAN? PEN B a eas TN Ai aLZu NA 


By Geo. B. Sudvorth, Washington 


In Jun3, 1922, Forost Supervisor H. Basil Wales, of the Prescott 
National dorest, Pea & Single tree of Premontodendron calicornica grow 
ing in the Bradshaw Mountains at a point rpproximately 8 miles south of 
Crown King. This trse was about 16 feet high and 6 inches in diameter. 
1t is somstimes locally known as "Slippery Zim," "Leatherwood," "Flannel 

Bush," 2ud "Fremontia.”" The Bradshaw Mountains 2re in Yavapai County, 
west-contral Arizona. Roughly, this newly found station represents an 
eastern extension in range of possibly 200 miles or more outside of its 
rangs in California. Previously, FPremontia had never been detected out- 
Side of California, where it is distributed from the western foothills 
of Mt. Shasta to the San Pedro Matir Mountains, Lower California. Its 
occurrence is nowhers frsquant west of the Sierras, in the foothills of 
which, however, it attains its largest size (18 to 30 feet and 10 to 12 
inohes in’diameter}. On the east side of the Sierras it grows abundantly 
as &@ low shrub, often of several acrss extent, in the region of the Mohave 
De save, 

The tree found by Mr. Wales may bs from seed carried eastward by 
one of the many possible agencies from the low shrubby growths of south- 
eastern California. It is cifficult to believe that this tree represents 
the only castward jump made by Bremontia outside of California. Probably 
the trse grew from seed of still other individuals located farther west 
in Arizona that rspresent sastern extensions from California. Mrther 
careful search is likely, it wwould seem, to discover that Fremontia grows 
elsowhere botween California anc the Bradshew liountains. 

At the season when Ih. Wales found Fremontia in Arizona, it was ¢cov—- 
ered with brilliant ysllow flowers, which make the tree a very conspicuous 
object in the landscaps and easy to detect among other growths. A month 
earlicr, or later, the tree might pass unnoticed, for without flowers it 
is not conspicuous. #inding it then outside of its accustomed rangs would 


depend largely upon the observer's intimate pees eles of other mech less 
striking characteristics. 


THUS CARP BE2025 THY EORSE 
By Will ©. Barnes, Washington 


Referring to the feeling which exists among some of the ficld men 
that ths Washington office is continually calling for long and, to them, 
unnecessary reports, it is somewhat amusing to note that while the Wash- 
ington office, in the matter or game, only asks for a short statement as 
to the number of game animals on each Forest, their condition, violations 
of the law, etc., every District. is now calling upon gs Supervisors for 
a long and somewhat involved rsaport 1s to game matter copies of which 
go to the Governors, presumably to each Supervisor, #8 the Forester, and 
to the Biological Survey. 

Ths Washington office, of course, doss not object to such reports; 
in fact, quite to ths contrary, findsthem extremely interesting, but the 
fact remains that if the Washington office had called for these reports, 
we would immediately have hsard from it as another evidence of our demands 
for unnecessary paper reports. : 

Running over 2 number of these game reports now lying on my desk, 
their extreme length and the way they go into details is somewhat inter- 
esting. ‘The one from the Leadville forest, for instance, covers 60 pages; 
the Cochetopa, 56; the San Isabel, 81; the Pike, 54. We recognize the value 
of these game reports, enjoy reading them, 2nd have no desire to intorfere 
with their continuzncs. Nevertheless, it doss strike the Chief of Grazing 
that the ficld men have becn somswhat inconsistent in their criticism of 
our requirements as to reports when one considsrs ths comparative length 
of the game reports vs. the grazing reports. An 81 page game report and 
a 30 page grazing report from the sams Forest strikes us her2 2s somewhat 
out of linc with thsir importance and rather gets the cart before the horse. 


ae 


tim Mo. 


I often pass 2 Rracious tree 
P tue Whose name I can’. identicy; 
But Still i buw,; in covrtesy) - 

It waves a bough, in kind reply. 


Ido not know your' name, 0 tree, 
(Are* you a' hemlock or a pine? } 

But why should that embarrass me? 
Quite probably you don't know mine? 


_ALASHA. BAS." 5M 
By. L. CG. Pratt, -D-8 


: i 


That. Tseens are denewagina an impor tant body of spruce timber just 
Eee the northern boundary of the Chugach pttay ue Fore st has been re- 
ported to tha Service by Fred H. Moffit of. th2 Gcological Survey. The ‘ 
jnfestotion.occurs along the Goppir Rivsr ani aati ee Bailvosd, about 
150 miles from Cordova. Mr. Moffitt reports these destructive beetles, 
which have boen identified as Dendroctonus, 42s occurring on the Chitistone 
River, the Kuskulana River-, ard the Ghitina River valley. 

"S50 far as i can learn, "reports Mr. Moffitt, "the. damage in this 
losality tas taken place-in the last few years. Although i have been famil- 
jap.with this district sine2 1967, 1 do not remember having seen. the work 


;0f the beetles ‘Longer. ago than five°or six years. ‘Their wide. distribution 


would, howevsr, indicate to my aad that they havs, been pre esent for a long 


s) 


‘MT did not meitto. “observations to ‘agtermine. the cabporiaee Or ‘troes 


 infested,. but my impression is that the proportion, consideriug the. dis- 


G 


trict as a whole, isnot great. in spite of the wide; di stribution of the 


beetles. * Uneortunktely,’ the bettor trees ara the ones. attacked. chiefly. 


When: the infection starts the ‘leaves: de gin to fall and ‘the. tree gradually 


-takes oh a bycwnish 2spéet which becotnes mors and more pronounced until 


~all-the leaves:have fallen and thd “tree is dead." 


-S0 far no steps have been ‘take on phe combat this beetle 


re Oe ilks oy 


NW: ay USZ I UND FOR | wast: SRN JUNIPER. ee, FOP, de 
et pobap hee ees SOBy APS D. . Woodbury, D-5 “pit ee aint 


“on ane. eee) fsaide of dosed ‘Lake: within ‘the Modoc National Forest, 
in the extreme’-northeastern corner of California, there is a level Lava.’ 
plateau 250,000 acres. in exteut, covered-with jagged mal pais rock, p80} 
which the-local settlers heave given: ‘the “picturesque nam? of ‘Devil's 
Garden." Here, where the moré ‘valvable spscies.°can not thrive, due to-: 


‘poor soil andvlack of.drainage’, “the sturdy Western Juniper has gained 2 


foothold and. has produced. a stand of 12u,00U' cords of wood. This spacies 
grows very slowly; is limby, gnarled 2nd ceformed: Only exceptional trees 
reach a diamster of 30 inches and-a-height- of 50 feet. Because of these 


-unfévorabie qualities this tree has been given but Littles attentien by 


lumbermen and. foresters, 91% sone ie a Gornnuahi tis 2s haye drawn HPon. 

this area for fuel and pos ts for many years? re Wk ihc 
_. The eastern red cadar of whe. Sauer eLaatic States. has. for. years) 

been the standard mterial for the manu Pe ture of ‘igh gr rade pencils. 4, hs 


supply of this material is being rapidly cepleted. Tests Of whemnoo% OF 


western juniper made by ‘pencil manufacturers’ some, “ysars, BESO . indicate, -that 


the properties:of this wood are very similar to ‘those of, e1stern, 64 ‘cedar, 
but the remotengss.from transportation of the western juniper stances, the 
small amount of timber pér acre, the knotty and crosserai ne ad, -oha rag ped er ‘ef 
the wood, all tonded to prevent the exploitation of this speciss. 3S. 4.pan- 
cil wood. SNC APSE 

A little. less tham'a year ago, however, a progressive pencil slat, 
manufacturer decided to undertake the venture This concern submittsd 2 


bid to-the forest Service:on.50,000 cords of ths wood, of this Ssccias. 


Bie 


NEW _US2 FOUN 2 Be VEST TIMEESR (Cont. ) 


The offer was accepted and a contract sicnod which runs until July 1, 1941. 
This contract also provitias that the portions of the. tree not suitable for 
pencil wood will be Tee At aE a into feace posts and cordwood to be mar- 
keted locally. a 

This operator qeiee the past summer established a small cut-up plant 
at Alturas, California,- the headquarters of the liodoc Forest. Somewhat over 
500 corcs of juniper has been cut and hauled to this plant and is now in 
process of manufacture into pencils to make up a portion of the billion 
pencils which it is estimated are annually manufactured from American woods. 
A portion of these are consumed abroad, but statistics show that we use 
abcut seven pencils each in this country annually. 

The juniper logs are hauled to Alturas, some ten or twelve wiles, by 
motor trucks. There they are first cut into sections 8 inches long, from 
which blocks two and five-eighths inches square are made.’ These blocks are 
then cut into slats of pencil length and thickness. The slats are shipped 
to the large pencil factories on the Atlantic Coast, glial 


WASHINGTON NovTss 


lr. ©. WJ. Norcross, Chief Engineer, and Mr. John W. Fox, District @ngineer, 
District 7, left to-day for Chicago to attend the convention of American © 


road builders which is as held in that city. They expect to be gone 
several aya. 


Some Lambs: The adie grazing report from the Holy Cross forest, Colorado, 
rather places the ranges on that Forest at the head of the List Je it 
comes. to. turning off well finished lambs.. 5 

The average of all the lambs turned off the ranges was between 10 
and 80: founds at Kansas City. One shipment of 700 lambs averaged 76 pounds 
at Kansas City, with a cut-back of only one lamb. They mst have been pretty 
g00d stuff to stand such a long shipment and weigh out so vell. 

The percentage of lambs marked up to the forest averaged 99, while the 
calf crop was about 70 per cent, which, considering tha weather. conditions 
that prevailed over practi¢ally all the Colorado ranges this year, is 4 
mighty good record from a stockman's point of Views--W 0.3. 


Col. Greeley has approved the program for the ‘Ogden grazing meeting, to- 


gether with the selections made’ for committees. Mimeographed copies will 
€0 to the districts within a very few days.--\. Sent 


| 
Grazing xaminer Harry Be Beasties tee of the Great Basin spmseniniant Station lef | 
January 1 for a five months' leave of absencé to assist Dr. Sampson, sedans | 
director of the Great Basin Zxperiment Station, in starting the’ new ee 
investigative work at the University of Galiforniani--W. Radi 


Laboratory Identifies Many Specimens of Wood: A regular stream of specimens’ 
of wood for identification flows to the Laboratory. During Uctober, 1024 
different pieces were received from 27 sources. Of these 748 were identified 
to species, 28 to group, 66 to genus, and only one, a foreign wood, could 
not be identified. | 

iost of these are sent by firms or individuals who need the informa- 
tion in their business; often the exact knowledge received averts expensive 
litigation and quite commonly the determination of a-species decides the use 
of 2 large shipment of lumber. Undoubtedly, as the.supply of standard Spe= 
eed decreases, thsr2 will be an increasing demand for our wood identifica- 
ion services. 


Some of the requests satisfy curiosity only; for example, ‘a piece of 
wood apparently petrified on the ontsida, dug up 100 feet below the surface 
jin linnsscta, was found to be a species of ced2r. Another request for identi- 
FiCatToN acobrpamied a2 section from 2 tree which had grown on the court-nouse 
tower of an indiana town. A specimen which seemed to be infiltrated with ore 
and found in ee clay 21 feet below the surface in Wisconsin proved to be a 
Species of spruce. 


= 


————— 


ov ut] 


" + TENG ‘Tv \ OT area MT my “ \ Y 
i | RUE SU See ABU AUS eS * 


a ALES: KAO MTS ee ‘eoptand in Peemet ine ey crime tel 
tion was made pwhen the directors of the National Hardwood'Lumber Assocvidation 
at their meget ing in Chicago ) adopted the Basic Rules for Grading Structural 
Timbers, At conferences held by members of.the Laboratory with officers 
of the association, grading rules were, worked.up based. on laboratory ruies 
and covering also such defects as wane, grub.holes, wormholes, etc., which 
are not included in the Basic Grading Rules. Wide publicity and use will 
result when the associcetion: places these’ rules.in its grading manual, ad- 
vertises them to architects and designers, and educates its mill men to 
cutting.timber in accordanca with.these grades. Hardwoods graded: under 
these rules, the association believes, will enter house: construction,’ es- 
pecially locally, to a greater extent than has been done in the past, ° 


Structural 2 ie imber wad2e 


hat gos : Se rk Reg 
DESTALCT 1 = NOR = ORTH N DES Ne : : 

Gov. Joseph M. i Dheony in his message to. the highteonth ‘Legislature of Mon- 
tana, made the following recommendation concerning timber taxation: | 

"Under our constitutional ‘mandate, the present system of taxing our 
diminishing timber supply.is not only an economic’ crime, ‘but threatens the — 
futpre welfare: of the State. It enforces the cutting.of. our timber ‘supply- 
for the future, ahead of its natural time, by its present owners in order 
to avoid absolute confiscation. 

limber, like minerals, ‘shoutd contribute,an extra heavy tax when Seve ud 
ered from, the soil... It is-my belief that Montana,:in self-defense of its ; 
own future deyelopment and in order to:conserve its invaluable ‘timber: re-) pil 
Sources, should change the, present unscientific ‘method.of taxing timber byoom” 
providing ae meéerate. anneal tax on the land and :2 heavy ey fee the fia + ae 
ber itself at the time it is sate” Buc moc aie ‘ haa ae 


it \ Athy 
ane "0 wey 


ih} 


sian 2 - = SLO ALUNBATN IS Tas eee Lit aved * 
Colorado ade Gen. of £ La Poudre: Tae oeein ‘cooperation ‘of the Disturiet office 
with the Chamber of Commerce of Fort Collins, Colorado, the entire space _ 
in a, magazine entitied "La Poudre," published by the Ft. Collins organiza-: --- 
tion, has been given over to articles.of the Colorado:National forest, pre-' 
pared by members of the Forest Service, ‘on various phases of National For-' 

est work .as carried on in this region. . This edition of the publication -- 

Will be... advertised 48 &@ Special wae ace ‘National ‘sorest‘dditions ©» ; ‘ee 


%) 
- a 


liore Gams pupae si hithe re. is Ee kehelr ane” he He to Sees Brine: he ‘pres-+' 
ent session of the Colorado Legislature’ a.number of new State garte refuges; 
and it is expected that five or six more will be establishod:at this session. * 


Soil Problem; In 1914, the Morton Nursery was established on the Niobrara 
Division of the Nebraska Forest through special legislation secured by in- 
terested local psople, who desired to, have afforestation work. started.on that ° 
division of the. Forest. The first. seedbeds were sown in 1915 and it wars = 
soon. found that the trees. were unhealthy,. portions .of the roots. ‘rotted off 
and an, incrustation was noticed-on the syrface.of the soil. After Snalysis 
of typical soil’ samples, the Bureau of Soils announced. that there was alkali’ 
present, but-not in“sufficient quantity to bie’ injurious to.crops.. Silvie» ++ / 
culturist Bates took the position’that farm crops and .conirerous trees have *~ 
differsit. requirements end differ ini their susceptibility. to alkali and pepe 
that these conclusions ¢id not necessarilyi apply to conifers. Bint 
bibline was tresoumecded -as.aipossijle solution -to place the. soil) in 
condition fer gtodi twee frewtn, but the situation bas €rown worse, recently 
instead of better. During, the past season, if was found web a we Malate nur sary: 
areas containing trees were diked and: then flooded that this treatment kept 
the akkalhi from concentrating near the surface. ~ However, recent tests. by 
Mr. bates indivate chat the’ water of the Mobrara River, which is used -for 
irrigating & contains @lkali and that the ‘continual “adcation of this alkali - 
to the Soil will in time. counteract: the benefigial effects of fleoding. a‘ --* 
final trial of this site will be given next season and gypsum end magnesium 
Sulphate will be added to counteract the alkali. 


" 


pee 


Ce — eee 


DISPRAIUT 2 (Ccont.)} 


SS 


various other PS Map ihe and associations to hold their amual meetings. 
During the week January 13 to 20, there will be held in Denver not: only the .: 
stock show, but annual meetings of the Colorado Stockgrowers Association, 

the Game & Fish Protective Association and the State Forestry Association. 


Advantage is taken of ‘reduced fares 2t this time and. usually chen is). 
a good attendance at ait these Bap haners 


Distaet 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT ; 


wrong + cr a nae faet NU the t the. man. confessed age cult put. the “judge 
practically called him a liar : and turned him loose." 


Grootfontein, Where Sheep Grow Without Water: Shall we import Australian 
sheep into the Southwest or. reseed our drouth. stricken ranges with pure 

stands of Australian prickly pear - which? The mere habit; of drinking 

(water) which American sheep seem to have gotten into apperent ly means not{h-— 
ing in the young lives of Australian "Woollies." A recent newspaper item 
credits the British Royal Agri. Farm, Gz rootfontein, South Africa,;with-this 
experiment: Sheep existed "for £80 days solely ons , diet of prickly pears, 
and if a little lucerne plant is added, for SO dane without a drop of water." 

‘We ye ee ae for the rest of Whe SPORES : 


June say, the Gallina sive will experience : "5 fire’ oceiaecry 2 from 2 
cause which, it is believed, is absolutely unique. ‘The burning coal-vein 
just off the starboard side of that District which, so the Viejos say, has: 
been afire at least for the past 36 years; will by that time have crept to 
the swface within the Forest. a 
By referring to the Pe-ru-na Almanac and Weather forecast, it will, be 
seen that June, 1973, is to be a month of exceeding drought and heat, and. 
this timely warning is Siven in order that the. Gallina District Ranger may 


have his ey McLeod sharpened up and the winters’ grease completely re- 
moved. 


ar one, oe to ao. qith increased: eae al roche cine of trout in the 
mountain streams? I ‘have asked myself this question several times this year. 
According to my observations, I would say yes» JI have not iced during the 
summer on. eons, trout streams on my district thousands of small fry aver-. 
«aging from 1$ inches to two inches. The number has been. much larger com- 
peared to ae years when floods occur... 1 think all rountain streams have 


had a large natural restocking this year. Would like to hear from some one 
else on this subject,--J.A<R. 


DISTRIDT 4 - INT IRVOUNTAIN DIST Pils 


Mr. D. A. Shoemaker makes the following report of the splendid work done by 
the Graging Heconnaissance party on the Fillmore the past summer; 

"The grazing reconnaissance party which worked this year on the Fill- 
more Forest mapped and typed about 110,00 acres, vhich almost completes the: 
north portion of the forest. Typing was discontinued about the middle of 
October, since the forage at that time was so frozen and dried up that ac- 
curate estimates could not be secured. However, the mapping continued un- 
til Uctober 20, when a quite heavy fall. of snow prevented any further mork 
this year. 

"During this season a considerably different method of mapping was 
used than has besn the practice in the past. Instead of making 4 detailed 
contour map which was later used as a basis for securing type acreages, only 
a skeleton or drainage map was mde, the type lines being located by alidade 
and traverse board methods at the same time the map was being made. This 
method we believe results in a map which shows acreages of forage types 
fully as accurately as the contour mapping method and which contains suffi- 
Ciont data for 2 practical grazing working plan. ‘The contour method of 


— 6 


DISTRICT 4 (donti) 


mapping’ necessitated the cxaminers going over the ground in détail at two 
diffsrent times, first to get the.contour map, and the second time’ to get 
tne types lines and type ete -OpS Since all of this could not. be done at 
one operations 
ton "he drainage map which was sae this year is nade by the axaininer 
going over the ground only ‘once in detail, since the ‘drainage map and the 
type map is not’too mch for one to make at one operation. Et, as believed 
thet ths mothod as used this yaar, if it proves practical a8 we think it 
will, will be a ‘big aid: in speeding up the work of intensive grazing recon- 


naissance, since padgeetes ty it will fa See reduce the cost eal acre 
of this. worl 


} it 


ee re oe 


Sequoia‘ Men’ 'Go err Offenders: ‘Late Suen evening, October 15, we got a” 
“hance hi" through B.° 5 


E. Wooldridge, road foreman, that there’ had been a game 
Violation above Pine Flats néar the Capinero Road. Camp. Slinkard ' ‘and Brown - 
started oft early Monday morning, - finding J. C. Bellah and H. B. Stevens “* 
campsd outi 1/2 mile above the road camp. They were requested to produce the 
meat, horns 2nd hide of the deer they had killed on the previous Friday. 
They had a, good stoty which sounded,: ryery plausible. The horns weré: in 
Porterville, 3-point, and. the hide and meat wére at their basé camp about: 
three miles away. Brown and Slinkard “gum shoed" it to the other camp, — 
found the hide which, bore no evidence of sex, grabbed the meat and came 

back to the camp above the road camp, where Bellah admitted he had killed 

a doe. The following morning he pleaded guilty to a charge of having il- 


legal deer mscat in his possession and was finad $25.00 by Judge Mitchell 
of Ducor, 


San Diego aes AaB A 4 drastic EHC es requires that burning 
permits be secured from April 1 to December 31 before fires can be started 
to clear land, burn brush, grass, stubble, etc., or set off firewonks. 


Sandy Has Some Syes: The other night, 7 o'clock, the telephone rang at 

shaver and Westfall answered: "Hello," said Sandy. "Il see a fire on Steven- 
Son Creek." "Where are you?" asked Westfall. "Over at the Hogue Ranch," 
caugasndys Welk.) Pei he eo ke ," said Westfall as he took his McLeod 

tool and hurried forth. Up Stevenson Creek he went, turning over every 

Stone and looking under every leaf. At 10 o'clock he came to a man sitting 
on a rock smoking a pipe. "What you smokin?" asked Westfall. "BULL DURHAM," 


answered the man. "Well, g3t down in that gulch so Baldy won't see the 
smoke."--Sicrra, 


O = NOK FAvE PG Dio lnivi 


Game Protection Pays: According to the "Oregon Voter," the Oregon Stats 
Commission "financed its varied activities of 1922 Baines ely through the 
sale of hanting and fishing licenses."' Also during 1922 there were 756 
arrests made for game law violations, as compared with 184 in 19168. 


D. Fir and D. six; Douglas fir in the Inland Empire occupies an intermedi- 
ate position with respect to mechanical properties, as indicated by specific 
gravity determinations, between Dovglas fir from the Pacific Coast and Doug- 
las fir from the high elevations of the Rocky Mountains in Montana 2nd Wyo- 
ming. 

The average of the best groups of trees studied for the Inland Zm- 
pire show qualities, as indicated by the specific gravity determinations, 
equal to the average valucs of Douglas fir from the Pacific Northwest, and 
the average vealucs of se Caieg groups of Inland Zmpire Douglas fir are 


about squivalent to the erage values of the mterial tested from the Rocky 
Mountain types.--W.H.G. 


ie 


DIswa 2 6 (sont. ) 


More Publicity: The Oregon Journal, one of Portland's afternoon papers, 
plans to have an annual sedition to be out about January 1. ‘The editors 
have asked the Porest Service for 5 or 6 illustrated stories and a large 
number of "fillers." Stories are being prepared by members of the Dis- 
trict office on some of the following lines of work; Protection, Roads, 
Water Power, Western Hemlock, Reforestation, Range Management; Poisonous 


Range Plants, " Wind River Experiment Station, and the Columbia and Oregon 
Forests ee furnisn stories also. 


4 4 New Organization Formed in Seattle: The Hoo-Hoo Club.is out for an in- 
telligent and definite forest policy for ‘State and nation. It is confi-. 
dently believed that in this manner Hoo-Hoo in general, and the Hoo-Hoo 
Glub of Seattle in particular, can impress,itself upon the citizenship 
for a great work. The spéakers at a recent Hoo-Hoo dinner referred re- 
peatedly to the. revelations brought cut at the Washington second annual 
forestry conference, which had just closed its. sessions here, shewing 
that at the present rate the stupendous timber resources of Washington 
are going as did the forests of Minnesota and Wisconsin, with one .re- 


sult, that every member of Hoo+Hoo would ‘bax MOORE for.a Job outside of Pe 


the Lumber industry. 


It has. been shown. that’ easton oe 2 ‘real mission. to, perform; 
and in the formation of ‘the Hoo-Hoo Glut of Seattle that. the order at 
last has caught its stride and now is going to it." 


‘ 


sulletin 


Service 
U.S. Forest SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Yol. VII, No. 5. Washington, D. 0. Jamuary 29, 1923. 


CONSIDER Na_J SRS SY 
By ©, ©. Carter, Washington 


At the Weeks Law Conference @ year ago, after an able talk on fire 
protection by an sastern State Forsster, one of those attending from the 
“Iest was heard to mttcr something about "woodlots and parks." Unfortu- 
nately, that particular man did not hear State forester Wilbur later de- 
seribe the 15,000 and 40,000-acra fires with which New Jersey has been 
plagsusd. Now comes 2 bulletin by Associate State Forester Baker, en- 
titied "forestry for Profit," which can be considered with profit by any 
“oroster. It says; "Now Jersey still has two million acres of second 
‘youth ard cut-over woodland. * * * Zor many years forest land cleared for 
avila. ond industrial development has been closely balanced by abandoned 
“islds reverting to woodland. * * * New Jersey consumes the equivalent of 
GLU ,LLUU,U0U board feet of timber annually, half of which is sawed lumber 
used in industries and for construction, while the other half is used in 
rough form for poles, ties, piling, mine timbers, posts, cordwood, etc. 

* * * The output of New Jersey sawmills is approximately 50,000,000 board 
faet, or one-tenth of the sawed lumber consumed, leaving nine-tenths to be 
importsd. On the other hand, about two-thirds of the round and rovgh tin- 
ber is produced locally. At present freight rates it costs the people of 
New Jorsey not less than $5,000,000 annually for freight alone on imported 
timber. * * * New Jersey is now cutting the equivalent of 250,000,000 board 
feet annually (mostly not sawed), or 115 board feet per acre per year. An 
annual production of 300 board feet per acre per year, which is easily pos- 
Sibls once the forests arse protected from fire and are put to work under 
forest management, will yield an amount equal to all the timber now used. 
* * * New Jerssy can eventually grow practically all the timber necded for 
home consumption," 

Mc. Baker gives a map which shows that something like half the State 
is "56 to 100 par cent forested.'' In fact, it must be, for the entire State 
is over 40 per cont forests, with over 300,00 acres of tidal marsh and sand 
beach counted as part of the total area, Also less than half the total 
acreage of the State is in farms, and less than 7 per cent is "urban, rail- 
roads and highways." 

All of which is recommended for meditation by those to whom the naine 


New Jersay brings visions only of Atlantic City, Hoboken,rum runners and 
mosquitoes, . 


WATIASHED PROTISTION IN DULLARS AND JZNTS 


By #. S. Baker, D-4 


For years 1 have been trying to find somebody who would tell me what 
this watershed protection we talk about is worth in cold cash. I have asked 
Lands, Forest Management, Grazing, and Grazing Studies many times but with- 
out avail. The other day I was reading the Manual and my eye lit on item 
4 at the top of page 9-A. This value of watersheds is in the allotment es- 
timatess: Highly elated I went down to "OU" and demanded ths dops. {I had 
never had any idea "0" knew anything about it before.) “Oh,” they replied, 


WATERSHED PROTECTIUN IN DOLLARS AND C2NTS (Cont.) ; 


"that's one of those things thet are in the Mamal all right, but they don 
exist anywhere else." I departed a wiser man. "Well, if nobody else will 
do it,"thought 1, "I'll do it myself." So I did. 

Take the Snake River Valley in Idaho, for instance, with acres and 
acres of irkigated farm land, great dams, reservoirs, cities, - real cities 
with big stores, movies, crooks, automobiles and flappers. Water, just pla 
water, running in little streams in far away forests did it all. What did it 
do? It took sagebrush desert worth maybe $5 an acre and made it worth $45 
an acrs. Now don't go and think up all the $200 land you know of. ‘The as- 
Sessed valuation of irrigated lands in six counties in the upper Smke is 
$45.61, so $45 isn’t a bad average at all for assessed valuation. There ars 

million acres of this land. The increased value due to water is $40 per 
acre, - multiply it yourself - one hundred million dollars total. Now, if 
we judge by the Minidoka Project - not because it is especially fine, but be 
cause it is the only thing I can find informetion on, - the values in cities 
and public utilities created equal that of farm values, or one hundred mill 
dollars more. Credit water with two hundred million dollars! Wow, how many 
acres did it come from? Well, there are nine million acres of National for- 
ests that certainly sent down lots of water, and then there are perhaps thre 
million acres of other fairly high country in between, up Lost River way, on 
the edge of the Yellowstone Park, and so on. (I don't figure that the very 
carly water from the scanty snows of the plains themselves amounts to mech. 
Twelve million acres created two hundred million dollars values then, or abe 
$17 to cach acre. Pretty good, - what? Byt wait! That is the value of the 
mountain watersheds per acre, not the value of proper protection that we are 
forever harping upon. Cut down the trecs, burn the land, turn on ten millio 
goats and pigs to destroy the forage, and grub out the roots, mrshal 2rmies 
of bark beetles to riddle away surviving trees, in fact simply ruin the whok 
works. The mountains will still stand there. The heavy snows will still 
gathor on the peaks and the great drifts will melt slowly through the mid- 
summer, Are the high, rough, barren Sawtooth Mountains valueless as sources 
of irrigation water? Do what you will, you can't ruin the whole $17 value 
of these watersheds. All right. But we do cut a hole in it, just how big 
it is hard to say. If the watersheds were ruined vast quantities of silt 
would come down, the great reservoirs would clog up before paid for, canals 
would need cleaning every few minutes, maintenance charges would go up and 
the poor farmers would long for the good old days back in 1922 when spuds 
were 40¢ a hundred and banks only wént busted once or twice a year, Maybe 
the country would go back to where it was before the great projects were 
built, - when irrigated farming had only 1/8 its present value. We would 
have destroyed 7/8 of $17 or about $14. I watersheds were not so badly 
"razzed," things probably would not come to this pass. Nevertheless silt, 
rocks and junk would come down. The usefulness of @ams would be impaired, 
annual charges would soar, late water would be short especially where reser-= 
voirs were small, and crops would become smaller, — and naturally land vaiues 
and prosperity would go down. Probably your estimate on this is as gocd es @ 
mine, but it looks to me as if half of the great values cre2ted could be rathe 
readily destroyed through the mismanagement of watersheds, - that is, about 
98 an acre. What do you think? Therefore we are custndizns of ve"ues of $85 
an acre in watershed protection alone. What is the integrity of your fore 
worth then to the water user, - probebly somewhere 2bout cight million dollam 
and your rangsr district. Roll your own figures. 

Why don't you, some of theso days, take a small watershed and irriga- 
tion unit, ons you know like 2 book; figure out the values you can truthfully 
say are due to water and then divide this by the watershed area to find out 
how much it is worth per acre? Then imagine it misused and figure how much 
more it would cost to irrigate, how much poorer the crops would be, ctc., and 
See how much of this value created by water can be destroyed and how much is 
due to the mere fact that mountains ars mountains and as such get the lion's © 
share of the rainfall. I expect you would get lower values than I have be- 
cause the values created in the Snake River Valley are truly remarkable. 

Take a whack at it once = it’s the rsal dope that knocks them cold. 


~=o= 


_ burning is impracticable, both from 2 seasonal and financial point of view. 


: ania “Dia D 
“By a. W- gio Washington 


“Dead = the Organizad . havedatox 18 light burning in. ic pine. region 
of California and southern Urogon. According to a recent California Dis- 


“trict Néws Letter, that arch enemy of ila Sete was,.on January 5, 


pronounced deceassd. 
Mr. Redington in his News Lettcr item goes on. ‘ton say: 
"The California Forestry Committze * * * yotsd unanimously that fur- 


“thet investigation and work ‘in connection with ‘light burning' was unneces- 


sary, since the results of the last three years‘ have. demonstrated that puae 
Phis ‘committee consists of representatives of Pine and Redwood Manu- 

facturers' Associations, the University of California. forestry School, the 

State Board of Forestry, the Southern Pacific Railroad ‘and the Foros t Serv- 


“ie3., ‘The membership of ths Pins Lumber Manufacturers’ Association is ‘com= 


posed of the majority, if not all, ox the largest owners.of pine lands in 


“the West. The Southern Pacific Railroad Company controls. the land originally 


granted by the Government to the Sentral Pacific Railroad Companys. This) 


“grant extends: for 20 miles on each side of the ‘railroad track, both along 


ai stash route through California to. Oregon and the route across the Sierra 


Nevadas as far east as Ogden. Since so large an acreage of privately owned 
timberland was represented in the investigation mentioned by Mr. Redington, 
there remains little doubt as to how the pine owners in California and south- 
ern Oregon now stand in reference to this vexing: question. Mr. Redington 
concludes his item by the words: "Ihe ‘ghost of light burning is leid to 
rest." Thus we have the assurance that the Piute forestry idea is at last 
out-dis tanced and wind-broken in its racé withthe ideas of those who have 
long known: that firs and;the groving of pine trees can not go hand in hand. 


‘To those inside and outsids the Worest Sérvice who took part,.in this, neck 


and neck race, stronely handicapped as they were by public opinion in favor 
of the light burning theory, great credit is due. It is really. a. brilliant 
achievement and ‘one which marks an epoch = the oa a of California for- 
es tr ys ! d 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


ot 


‘Mew_ Form: On ane recommends tion of District 4 and'-onse other District whose 


identity has been lost, a new. form in the 874, Ranger. Notebook Series ‘will 


be printed. listing the, 29 activity cost captions to which time should be 


charged “in th: diary and |on.the orm 26. It is believed that with this form 
Carried in the Ranger notebook or pasted on the cover, the proper charge to 


‘teke at the.end' of the day's record will be more asily determined and. that 


the resulting records will be more Becurate. “These forms will be.on eeu 
Sition in the Ogden Suyply Depot within & short time.--2.2. 


"Savage Mics"; Under the. he ading Principal Departmental Lape Accessions 
‘we note "Heredity of Wildness | and Savageness in Mice," by :Cc. A. Coburn of 
Baltimore, Williams Wilkins Co. publishers. ‘This will be of intense inter- 


‘est to feminine members of the Ssrvics. Wonder if Captain Hldredge couldn't 


get out a monograph on “Morphological Determinism as See the Reckless 


 Demeanor of Dendroctonus." 


i 
At At Last: In his annual grazing report sn i ele Hall of .the Shasta makes 
the following comment: 

"Coniferous reproduction is rapidly shading out the palatable browse, 
and largs areas of once Splendid Blue Brush (Ceanothus integerrims) are 
now dense stands of yellow pine reproduction. These conditions force stock 
into heavier brush areas, and aS these brush sreas'are opencd up, yellow 
pine reproduction follows. bes 

"If fires are kept out, which is hopéd can be ‘done, the time is con- 
ing when the carrying capa city. on browse ranges will’ be very small. It is 
believed that heavy grazing on ‘browse ranges has stinmmlated reproduction, 
and evidence of this fact can be séen on nea rly all-‘of our browse ranges." 
The old cow comes into her own.--\/.0.B. 


1 


eee 


Lumbsr from ee A carlosd of 26 , SLO feat of western yellow pins 
lumber: has just been'received at the Laboratory from northern California. ~ _. 
The lumber is' 6f various thié¢knesses 2nd widths and will 211 be used — 
at the Box Laboratory in the manufacture of approximately a thous2. nd boxes 
and crates that are later broken up during test in the big’ revolving drum. 
These tests will determine the proper thicknesses of material and ; 
nailing, improved design of wooden crates, ee the best form of metal strap- 
ping or other bindings. 
“* The box and crate ‘indus tri is now the second largest: wood-using in- 
dustry in the United States and uses approximately. 4-1/2 billion feet or 18 
per cent of tho wood required anhtally for the mmufecture of wooden prod- 
hg ae: 


ee 
2 


“Lead Bonet 1 Was tg. Perhaps tho" correspondent ee letter we quote has heard 
of the peneil- -saving. discussion in the Service Bulletin, or poss ib ly he may 
de &@ manufacturer of mechanical “pencils. 

ic "In! your’ ‘eampaign of: protection against ueecsesany wastage of wood, 


at: may be . valuable for ‘you; to ° take cognizance of the amount of wood ‘employod 


by the wood pencil industrios, of the SRUBEEY at might properly be applisd 
to more «essential USS. 

A the mechanical ei now. ene iaena tat in great numbers by an in- 
creasing number of concerns. wore to be substituted entirely, there would be 
a saving to the country of thousa nds’ of feet of timber. ‘The emphasis on 
this would accelerate the entire campaign ‘for. the saving of timber. 

“Do you fecl that this saving is sufficiently important to be recog- 
nized by the Departine ee or Agriculturs, Forest Servicer" 


DI IST MRICT. ae - = HURT NW DISTAluT 


white’ Pine Yisld; The completion or ane Ohio Match Company sale on Scott 
Creek on the Coeur d'Alene has given an interesting check on yield in the 
white pine type. The stand was damaged by the 1919 fire and. was offered for 
Sale in order to salvage it, though it was considered to be mature. The 
Stand. was evon-aged from 90 to 10U years, spbamentty having ° SOL OPP a clean 
' burn almost: exactly 100 years ago. 

The total cut on 790 acres was 31, 300 M, and it is astimiten: that 
‘there is 500 M left, making a total of 31 , 809 M, or 40.1 M per acre. This 
averages a trifle over 400 feet por yaar incr ement. The timber. was 404% per 
cent white pine, the balance being white fir, Douglas fir, hemlock and larch. 
_ This is not 4 speéially seleeted area, but included practically the whole 
Scott Creek ‘drainage from rim to rim, so it ought to give a fair indication 
of what can be expected at 100 years from the best areas of burn reproducing 
to. whi. te pine 

Dye. price of this timber was $5.10 for green white pine, $2.00 for 
dead white Pine, $1. 0O for white fir and cedar, and # 2.00 for Douglas fir 
and larch. 


Record Price: Districts 5 and 6 are making. a good sprint for lead in quan- 
tity of timbsr sold, but can either of thom beat. this price? Bids on the 
Uranus Creek chance on the Cocur d'Alene were recently opened and the re- 
Sults certainly indicated that ths lumber companies want white pine. The 
chance included a very high percentage of pine, sixteen and a path million 
fect, together with 1,200 M of white fir. It was appraised at £8.5u for 
white pine and -50 cents’ for white fir.» Competition was keen EES five bids 
were submitted. The Rose Lake Lumber Company ‘got it at a price of $12.40 
for white pine and 60 cents for white fir. Almost any kind of 2 white pine 
chance now brings from $6.00 to $9.00 a thousand.--3.i. 


DISTRIST 2 = SO SEY MOUNTAIN DISTAIVT 
Sawmills for Ties: Is the time approaching when the picturssque tise hack, 
with his broad axe, will be replaced by a sawmill on wheels? The experiment 
of manufacturing ties with such a sawmill driven by a fordson is to be given 
a thorough try-out next spring in the Poxpark region of the Medicine Bow 
National forest. 


bs 


DISTRICT 2 (Jont.) 


The general shortages of skilled tic choppers at wages returned to 
practically the high war time seale appears to make the sawmill, with its 
comparatively cheap and unskilled labor, a real competitor to the tie hack 
method of production. Logs will be handled in eight-foot lengths and then 
skidded directly to the mill, which will move. progressively through the 
timber along strip roads with i every few hundred yards. 

DI SIRIOT 


ss 
a ——— a ne 


__ SOUTHWEST 35 “DISIRIST 


who? _w What? Why?  (assential “elements of good ay : Through coopera~ 
tion worked i by. Forest Ranger Moore with the Indian Service, residents of 
Espanola and the Rio Grande Valley, and 2 sawmill. operator, the road out of A 
Santa Clara, Ganon to the: Puje Cliff Ruihs on the Santa Clera Indian Reservar)! 
tion and leading into.the Morest near the Stonehouse Ranger Station is being . 
reconstructed so as to'be reasonably acesssible to autos. The principal 
work is being done on what is known as the Rodarte Hill. The a hie 
mum grade of 18 per cent will be reduced to "10 per cent... 

This..work:.is a conspicuous example of a combinsd~ recreational , for- 
est development and. farm ts market project. It, facilitates the marketing of 
approximately 10,000, 000 fest Bim. of sawtimber, aids in forcst administra- 
tion, opens up a region of ¢lirf dwellings second ‘only to the Rito de‘los | 
Frijoles, .and probably most important is the fact that thousands of cords of 
waste timber resulting from the above sawtimber cutting willbe made avail- 
able as fuel to -the residents of the: Sspanola mueS where there is now a 
wood famine.--Santa F>.: ) NA SS de tO 


poms forest Left | Gut; That the Uoronado Forest didnot include..all the for- 
ested area .in the vicinity of Tucson is’ indicated in press: dispatches whitch . 
say that: within.5 miles’ of Tucson. is the. largest, standing cactus forest. “in! 
the United, States, while just north df Oracle in Pima, Gounty is. an-area in 
which every known variety of: cactus grows. The se areas are said to:be under 
consideration by Bas Dear taent of the Interior for eee os in! 2 National 
Monument... = sis, : | diet tatris Dal saan ue hea Le 

; poten ie sacs ac as) ob ey 
Prehistoric screen en Story: According to press notices, a scenario is to be: 
filmed at the Grand Canyon which will reproduce in pigture: ‘the ancient in- 
habitants of that region. The country around the Bass treil will be the 
base of operations. ir. Bass, owner of the ass. .Ranch, ‘who. has been known > 
to many .D-3 men for 4 long time, will cooperate with the: ore aeers mesa 
He will probably be one of the characters. 


+ 
4 


i . 


A Rare Bird: Last April a hina collector spent sevoral days on the’ Gatelinas . 
hunting for.an Evening Grossbeak. ‘Ho stated that he. wanted it. for ae 
Smithsonian collection and that they were’ very rare a» there’ being but: 2’ few 

Specimens in the country. A few days after he left, one flow into ne Lionel 
nis court at Soldier Camp and was found by Vocational Ranger. Noll; who ~ 
mounted it.. This bird.is being ssnt to 7. H. Wilson at Deposit, New York, 
who will présent it to the Institute.--Coronado. 


Horsooth, + & foe: During the™ hunt ing season very Little game ‘was killed on — 
account of unfavorable weather conditions. The first few days of the sea- 
Son the hills were full of hunters; Tuesday a heavy, fog cams over which 
lasted until, Friday night. Several hunters got lost. One night the Ares — 
chuck wagon, took care of 14 lost hunters,and one mn,dn an effort fo go from’ 
Queen to the Bearup ranch, returned to Queen thrée iimeel gach.time intro- | 
duced himsslf to the lady and inquired the way to Beary’ s, Che bird from 
Toxas walked into the R. S. asked for His mail: and. when I explained ‘tht I 
wasn't a postmester he wanted to know what the devil that thar flag ment 


and if I had a land office out here in those here hills, and he spent the 
nits also.--Lincoln. : 


DISTAIOD 4 - immamouan p DISTRICT 
Pollen Smoke: "Smoke" from blov. “ing pollen. in ‘the I sland. Park region occhrred 
heaviest the past season on June 22,'2t which tims the wind vas moderately — 
Strong ond steady. It was notice: sable as 2 gray looking pronounced haze 
against the hills, very much like lates 2utumn haze, except that at times it 
was difficult to distinguish timbered hills four or. five miles distant. It 
«Covered the cdges of ponds as a yellow scum. There was no discernible drift-— 
ing thet would resemble ths. movement of Now smoke.--Targhee, © « 


«te 


nw Eee 


3 


o—- 
ad vk s ’ 


DISTRIST. 4 (2 ont. ) oy 


1 
ee a ne 


per M. The nicest pee Bee ted, was at per M, and Lic Lowest 1. 5d per Me 
On several of the Forests the officers are #equiring purchasers to burn the : 
brush as the trees are felled and trimmed during the winter season, and where 
consistent attempés are Bate made to ae this isa effect, oxtelient results 
are psig cake 


Game Law Violators: iiiee Gordon of the Caribou Forest and Deputy Game 

Warden Marriott’ found some of the more zealous trappers exercising their 

skill a few days béfore the opening of the trapping season and took them be- 
fore.the Grays Lake justices to see whether the association would not have 

a restraining influence.: We find ‘that it had, for Justice Frantz Nielsen, 

after practically an-all-night ‘session, redéived $40.00 from Mr, Miller, 

25,00 fine and $15.00 costs. Justices Harry Field was more moderate, prob- 

ably isiaarege it did not take him as long, and assessed William Miles only "at: 
$33.00, $25.00. oe 6. 00 costs.+-Caribou. tae “eae ee se 


Te eae rich 4 oe 


Fish and dna) Gang dotiost | The athen day" a party of tourists jumped: ‘two deer on the 
road north of Cedar Gity. .One of the deer ran into’a mesh wire fence and 
broke its neck. The tourists notified the city marshal,’ who, accompanied by 
saveral local men, drove out, dressed the deer and brought it into town. The 
case,was reported to: the Porcst: Supervisor ‘and the deer placed in cold stor- 
ages. testerday the deer: was: sold at Sabie on auction by Deputy State Game 
“orden, Clark, The. deer was a buck fawn, @ighing 42 ese dressed, and wont . 
at $%,00.—-Dixicn, aj). aN . : 


eee ee, Sm, 


DISPRICT 5: - kT TAORNTA’ DISTRIC RICT 


Cleanlingss eee Godlincss: Three hundred and one special use permit- al 
tees in San Antonio. Canon on the Angeles have assessed themselves $6 apiece ~~ 
with which to. pay or cae he Behe Ue at ees cabins. © ® 


He Has Our Wumb er:: The fokiewing letter was received by Supervisor Charlton 

from, the Church 97 the Opén Door Bible School: 
"Dear Sir: We should like a list of the rangers under your super- 

vision, also the names of other supervisors, as ws wish to send them some 


literature. 1 am personally Sop eae: with some rangers and realize their 
needs." 


4 


The California Section of the Society of American Foresters held 2 vory 
largely aiehe ngeEy meeting at the Ferry Building on the evening of Thursday, 
January 4. Dr. &. P. Msinecke, newly elected chairman, presided. The State 
Forester, Mr. Pratt, presented a program which had been drawn up for State 
legislation this year. Mr. George Cornwall, Editor of TH TIMBZRMAN and an 
associata member of the so¢ioty, was present ond gave convincingly his views 
regarding the forestry program. There was ‘considerable discussion regarding 
the necessity and advisability of legislation of a regulatory nature, par- 
ticularly in regard to slash disposal; : 


Aspen_Injvred by Camping: During. 3 eeet 4 trip over the Inyo and Mono, I no- 
ticed that at several largely used public Camp grounds in the 2spen timber, 
camping is rapidly killing out the ‘trees. This is particularly evident at 
Silver Lake and Leevining Creek public: camps on the Mono... Jt was noted to a 
lesser extent at other placas. “Since the roots’of the aspen do net grow. 
down desp, it is evident that trampling of the ground and particu’ arly the 


building of camp fires close to the trees is responsible for k:jivng them out. 
Unless something is gone soon .to ‘prevent the building of fires toc cinse to 
these trees, some of these camps will soon be almost treeless. tHvrs are 


cases where the- construction’ of central fire places would dou»+loss sliminate ~ 
most of the dam2zge.to the timber. I shall be glad to know whether this same 
condition has boen noted elsewhere in this Di'stricet.--L.A.B, 


(oy 


DISTRIG? 6 = Muj0M PusL HS DISSRIT 
The Spoken Word: During the year 1922, forest officers of D-6 delivered 160 
talks and address es to the public. Those were delivered by 30 different of- 
ficcrs. The encouraging. thing is the large number of Rangers among the List 
of speakers; 13 Rangers delivered 44 talks during the: years, These Rangers 
were: Wiessndangor and Walters of the Oregon; Peachey of the Crater; Bronder,. 
H. C, and S. 4. Blankenship of tHe Vena techee: Young and White of the Fremont; |. 
Albertson of the Malheur; Bruckart of the Snoqualmie; Hougland of the Colville; 
Woods of the Umatilla, and Park of the Cascade. fourteen Forests and the Dis-_ 
trict office ars represented among the speakers. Most of these talks were 
made, aS was proper, during forest Protection VWeek. The Rainier Forest leads 
with 42, vregon next with Sl, with’ the Ve a close third with 26. 


Valuable contacts: Supervisor, Weigle of the Snoqualinie esis take a prominent 
pert in affairs of the. Seattle Shamber of Commercé for 1923. He has been 
elected chairman of the Committes on Mountains and is also 2 member of two 
other committees: - Tours, and Smoke Nuisance. ae 


Tt Always Helps: Advertising helps some ema 8 We have had 10 to 20 inches 
£ space in local papers: aach week the past six weeks. A fire started in 
Bear Valley last week ae in addition to 3 lookout reports, we had three 
phone calls from ranchers in tho vailey within 30 minutes. Ono man jumped in 
his car and drove about 11 miles and notified a road crew. Zverybody seems 
anxious to hclp us in fire prevention, but the mn-caused fires still keep on 


euartine. dust plain: c¢ opelessné ss and not Cussedness. We can't feed the pub- 
lic too much "Varese with pins!" BRO PPE ae Ee A. 2. 


,e* 


LDBALS AND ANOTHSR "RaCENT BOOK" 
Ny 7 Honaley gpm ae: 


Walter Lippman, in a recent book, Shows with dovastating clearness how 
the attention of 2 mation is gathered up and fastened on an ideal or symbol 
which is so remote and general that everyone is able to sce in it what he 
wants to sce = ths business man sees profit, the religious enthusiast sees 
the spread of his creed, the humanitarian sees ‘progress of human welfare. 
This focusing of.public opinion’ gives those lsaders who wish to do so 2 great 
temptation and opportunity, to put over things which public opinion would not 
stand for if it wers not hypnotized by the symbols. The only way to keep 
ideals in control and to prevent them from being used to lead us into places 
where we never intended to go and really don't want to go is to beret them to 
be examined and discussed. 

Mr. Granger in. the Bulletin of January, 15 argues, with his usual per- 
suasiveness, for keeping our ideals sacred and free from the profaning touch 
of the typewriter. and the mlmeograph: Doesn't that inevitably mean to keep 
our ideals elusive, not to be’ pinned down to.anything in particular, meaning 
widely different things to different men? And does not that mean an oppor- 
tunity to put things over that we don't really intend or want? Just as the 
fixing of public opinion on symbols means the opportunity for the public to 
put undesired things over on itself? Do we want our ideals to be sacred or 


do we want them to be clear, tested, understandable, understood and meaning 
the same thing to all. men? : A 


Ly. 


~ 


M3 HAGA 


By the "Poet Lariat" 


. Way, Back in 1908 it was Reported that a large portion of the clerical force 


of the Forest Service was to be moved into the West, with headquarters in 
the cities of San Francisco, Denver, Portland, Albuquerque, Salt Lake, and 


Missoula. Inspired by this rumor the "Poet Lariat" in November, 1908, 


penned the following lines; 


Oh, they're whis'pring in the corners 
And talking in the hall 

They are scheming and a=planning © 
Where to migrate in the fall, 

They are telling one another 
Of the places they like best; 

Oh, the whole peered outfit's "Locoea" 
‘Cause we're going out West. i 


"Have you ever lived in Portland?" 
"Is: it wertor. ast Pt: dryer! 
"Do you think you'd like Missoula?" 
ii “"If.you do, please tell me why." " 
“Ig the living can in, Denver? . : 
- “Arg the ladies there well eeadiin 
Uh, thesé.are A questions, 
‘Cause. .wetre going out West. 


“Now I want to go to frisco, 

aven tho’ the earth does quake." 
"Well I'm wild to see 2 Mormon; 
So:I'd meh prefer Salt Lake." 
"Do you think that I'd get homesick?" 

"Are thé Frisco fleas & pest?" 
What a turmoil has been started, 
'Cause we're going out West. 


"Oh, they say .that board's expensive 

- In the town of Albuquerque." 

"But you needn't take a’street car 
Hor to reach your ‘daily. work." 

"Well I've heard the living's awful, 
(Now please don't think me silly) 

But really, do they live out there 
On only beans and chili?” 


Oh, such like doubts and troubles 
Daily agitate the breast, 

“Of seach one in -the: Service, 
'Gause vie're going out Vest. 


Too BUSY: 

A road camp adjacent to 2 National rest had a number of negroes 
employed. The vntire crew was called to fight fire, which spread rapidly. 
A dozen of the negroes wers building fire line 500 yards from the powder 
house, which caught fire and went up with 2 terrible concussion. With 
one accord the negroes started in the general direction of the camp. Sam, 
leading the procession, was closely followed by Mose, who noticed that Sam 
was still trailing his shovel, and he yelled: 

"Drop dat shovel, nigger. Drop d2t shovel." 

"Man, Man," gasped Sam, "I haint got time to drop hit." 


-8- 


} 


U. S. FOREST SERVICE’ 
(Contests Confidential) 


Vol. VII, No. 6, Washington, D. C, February 5, 1925. 


MORE _ABOUR ALASTCA 
By ate Cr Hort, D-8 


From the number of questions agked and the widespread interest shown, 
it is apparent that the story of "The land that Uncle Sam bought and then 
forrot,'' the title of an article by Scott Cc. Bone, present Governor of 
Alaska, has not bean told so many times but that it may be set forth again 
ib new form. ~ me RRR ea Nei 

Vhon the tourist goes to Alaska he is greatly impressed by the un- 


“ueuRL Seles of chivs coming into part with rigging and upper works all cov- 
@vc.. with ice as & result of some severe Storm, 4s well as tales of ship- 
wRe.4S OG other disasters. @hen the mumerous ourio dealers have large 
moos of Ligture post eards of the towns buried in snow from some espe- 
Ciuily ieavy snowstorms, icebergs, dog teams in winter, and one enter- 


“sicily: Photograpler even took a “close up" of & glacier after he had stuck 

lot of cooked macaroni in holes in the ice, labeling it "Glacier Worms,” 
aie tourist literally "eats up" these unusual and remarkable tales of ice 
and snow and the hardships of the frozen north, and these cro the stories 
that are so commonly told to the folks back home =- not the ordinary story 
of everyday life in Alaska. 

But there is another kind of picture of Alaska that the peonie in the 
States should know, and that is the picture of Alaska in the summertime - 
with summer temperatures ranging from 40°-50° in the early morning up to 
750-859 at midday at Junean, the capital, in ths southeastern part, and from 
359-409 up to 859-1000 at Fairbanks. Zven the winter temperatures are not 
so Severe 2s generally believed, with monthly means of Gio at Juneau, 3550 
at Sitka, and 0° to 159 at Fairbanks. ‘Je can appreciate this moderates cli- 
mate better when we realize that southeastern Alaska is in the same latitude 
as the British Islss, and that Alaska proper is in ths saine latitude as Nor- 
way and “ Sweden. 

The Porast Service is primarily interested in southeastern Alaska, 
where it has the responsibility of administering large timber resources that 
are Chiefly valuable for the manufacture of pulp and newsprint paper. In 
order to develop a market for this timber, the Service has been carrying on 
extensive timber surveys, and for the past two years ths Service, in coopera- 
tion with the federal Power Commission, has made a detailed investigation 
and study of all of the knoym water power sites of this District. Our knowl- 
edge of many of these power sites was limited by reports of trappers and 
prospectors, and many of these revorts upon being traced out proved valueless. 

There are many lakes in southeastern Alaska, situated near tidewater, 
varying from practically zero elevation up to 2,000 feet and higher, and 
with varying amounts of water flowing out of them. This combination forms 
an excellent power site and one that can usually be developed at a relatively 
low unit cost. The winter discharge of these streams is very low and a large 
amount of storage has to be provided in order to develop a uniform amount of 
power throughout the year, 2nd it is this condition that gives so much value 
to the Alaskan lakes, because they make excellent reservoirs. The investi- 
gation showed that there are a large number of good water power sites capable 
of being developed to yisld from 5,400 to 25,000 horsepower each. Four sites 


lr 1 


have been estimated at over 20,000 horsepower each, and these are suffi-" 
cisntly large to mset the desires of prospective pulp and paper manufac- 
turers, most of whom seem to want to establish plants of 200 tons daily 
capacity or larger, and figure roughly that 100 horsepower is required 

for each ton of paper daily capacity. Other power sites are in groups 
that can be connected by transmission lines, so that 20,000 or 30,000 con- 
tinuous horsepover can easily be combined at one manufacturing site. 

The officers of District 8 are working on a bulletin which will de- 
scribe the timber resources of southeastern Alaska, and the Federal Water 
Fower Commission will publish a bulletin on the water powers of the same 
region. These two bulletins are badly needed in the efforts of the rest 
Service to secure the establishment of a substantial pulp and paper indus- 
try on the Tongass rorest. When issued they will be of very material aid. 


TIMBER SALE RECEIFTS 
By E. #. Carter, Washington 


for the first half of the fiscal year 1923 timber sale receipts total 
$1,380 645.74, an increase over the corresponding period for the fiscal year 
1922 of $527,163.81, and approximately $340,000 greater then for any preced- 
ing half year. It is doubtful whether this amount of increase over the fis- 
cal year 1922 can be held throughout the rest of the fiscal year 1923, on ace 
count of the very lergs receipts in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 
1922, so that the estimets recently submitted to the Bureau of the Budget 
was for an increass of only {200,G00 for the fiscal year. It is obvious 
that thers is going to be a substantial increase, however, because the amount 
already taken in is only %400,00C less than the amount received during the 
entire 7¢iscal ysar 1922. 

The size of the inergase is due very largely to a greatly expanded 
business in District 5, which, with over half a million dollars taken in dur- 
ing the sis months, shows an incrsase over the corresponding psriod in the 
viscel year 1922 of $357,000. The Districts show approximate increases or 
decreases as follows; 


D-5 e@oocoevoen plus $357,000 


De Oiiaila wile shan u 136,100 
DHS ccvccece " 41,100 
Da daviaie sta tele a 11,800 
erie lakaberas cle " 6,500 
Bey ele) oielsiota te uy 5,600 
Dee gioco see MANUS 6,300 | 
IE BU anc ut 24,400 | 


The reccipts for the second quarter are about $300,000 less than fbr 
the first quarter, when the normal amount of advance siumpage deposits was 
being rebuilt efter the very thorough liquidation of the summer of 1922, 
Still, these second quarter receipts are about $90,000 greater than for any 
preceding second quarter. 

It is evident thet the timber business for the fiscal year 1923 will 
be distinctly larger than in any preceding fiscal year. 


THE _DISVOUNTABLE OBSERVATION LADDER TOWER 
By ©. R. Millotson, Vashington 


The annual report of the Superintendent of the Geodetic Survey of Can- 
ada for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1921, describes a new type of recon- 
naissance tower which that survey has been using, and which has also been 
used by the Provincial vorester of New Brunswick in locating suitable points 
for lookout towers. This particular piece of squipment is a ladder tower of 
the typs used by ths Gsographic Service of the French Army. It permits 4 
man to ascend to a height 76 fset above the ground. The ladder tower is 
composed of interchangeable sections joined together end to end, which form 
two vertical ladders 2bout 2 fset apart resting on sleepers on the ground and 
connected with one another by pairs of cross braces at intervals of five feet. 
Four sets of guys placed at 25, 40, 55, and 70 feet from the ground hold the 
ladder steady. it is quite light, weighing about 1,000 pounds, and is con- 
veniently carried in 2 motor truck. It can be very quickly raised 2nd dis- 
mounted, two expsrisnced men being 2ble to raise it in two hours and dismount 


“R= 


| 7 A Cem eras es Ee 


| 


Sear iiu.  eearAU 


it in one hour. Tre Geodetic Survey of CVanada has built these towers large- 
ly with its own help at a cost of ap; roximotely #400 each. Mr. G. H. Prince, 
the Provincial Yorcster of New-Pransywick, states that he has personally as- 
Sisted in crecting: the tower and oes viewed the country from its top on sev-— 
eral occasions, A towerjoi this type will ibe, cf parkieulear value, first in 
locating desirable obssrvetion Weuses,, aad secord, in determining Bree eny 
the hsight of the tower whigh,will give the, tes: service at that particular 
' point, ‘Obviously, it: is not. desirshle to erect a 60-foot tower where a 49- 

foot tower would be sufficisnt, and on the:other hand, it is just as unde- 
sirable wto‘erect a 40-foot ‘tower where ‘a 60-foot tower is needed. A dis- 
mountable ladder tower. of this type shovld be particularly valuable in @ 
‘country of a rolling or ag, type over Which it would be fairly easy to 
ane the tower iy the ans, ofa not or truck or a team of. horses. 

' Oty conagsronpaca | CHADS BERRY ova 
bcc Teen fi by.E 3. Ve Jotter 


An, overwhelming per cent of our contacts are through correspondence; 
naturally our usefulness, as wel] as the impression we make, depends upon the 
effectiveness of our letters. All this is old stuff, but like some other 
ancicnt literature, may, with Brent ys even with profit, be Considered by 
us. 

Back in 1919 Prof, B: H. Gardner wrote a good article on "Corresrond+ 
ence That is Sffe ays ,? much of: which can be applica directly to our forest 
Service corrsspoudznce. To quote him: "Gne of the chief ends to be sought 
through correspondence ¢ rest ates development of good will. What do we mean by 
the good will factor in Business? , Ye méan the building up of 2 relationship 
so pleasant and so fujl-of confident e- that when things .go right you can do 
move business, move plsasint business wita, the people with whom you have re- 
lations and Hae on things igo wrong there will, bs confidence in you and in your 
intentions’ thet will tide over mi sundgrstandings. oO have built up an in- 
surance against misunderstahdings, 


1T 


‘Lastly, iff you WELL put facts ane! the event sentence of your le 
ter you will likely Set: action. Ifi. the subject of your letter stands oui} 
Clearly at the beginning you are most likely to get action, whereas, if ‘the 
subject is buried down in the midéls ‘of the letter your reader may pass over 
it entirely, or, if: he dies) not dp that, he will not’: appreciate its impor 
tance, ae 4 
"The style of a letter should be conversational. Gauge your languaze 
to the reader. 

"Do not tell.a person what you can not do for him, but what you carn 


do for him, 2nd furthermore, not only what he may ask you to do, but whaty you 
know he roally wants," 


WELL, WELL: HOW ANNO e YING 


By Bs iets Mace, D-5 


An old-time Ranger on the Trinity received a report over the grave- 
Vine line that a band of go2ts were in Srespass several miles from his head 
quarters. He saddled his "eazZ— tail! the next morning and started out 
The ‘horse bogan bucking and’ lehded on.his back in the bottom of a gulet h some 
distance - from: the house, breaking the hare? bone. in the rider's. leg, ~The’ 
horse, on .bging released by’ the Ranger’, who held him down until he was sure 
his foot was not fast in the stirrup, bucked back to the ‘barn, and the " 
Ranger's wife ‘started out onthe back track. Finding that hee husband was 


not able to walk She brought out 2 gentler Ape and he mounted .and rode % 
_ the house 


Dee aaa 4 s teem of ice-cold water available, and by running it over 
the broken leg he reduced the pain until, with his wife's helg@, he was abi¢ 
to set the bone. de then applisd splints and bandages, mounted the gentier 


a 


horse and started out to finish his interrupted day's work. He arrived in 
due time at ths goat herder's camp, only to learn that that worthy knew aii 
about the "reserve" lina and was keeping well outside. 

The Ranger, after visiting awhile, started on the homeward trip, ax 
all went well until the horse blundsred into a hornet's nest. These whits- 
headed gentlemen happened to be in a peevish mood that 2fternoon, and several 
landed berore the horse realized that it had given offense, 


Se 


WELL, WELIe HOW ANNOYING! (Cont. } 


You will note that in previous references to this animal I have 
Called it the "gentler horse"; however, it is not to be assumed that it 
was very gentle. In fact, after the second hornet got in its work, it 
became quite coltish and took to the timber. It finally collided with a 
tree and rebroke the leg, also broke the splints. The Ranger then de- 
Cided to ride to his brother's camp, 2 distance of twelve miles, and 
reached there at dark. The brother knew of 2 doctor in 2 camp some dis- 
tance from his, so next morning he assisted the injured man to mount and 
they rode to the doctor's camp. The doctor reset the leg, breaking up a 
packing box for splints and tearing up his only undershirt for bandages. 
The Ranger again mounted and rode to his headquarters, where he stayed in 
bed for thirty days, but only because the doctor insisted upon it.--B.H.M. 


Fk 2c Kk 2k EK aK ko 9s ROK a oe A a OK OK 9 eo ok oR aE oi ok Sok ok ic eR OR a oe aE OK OK ok ok Ae OK OK 
* 


Surely of all smells in the world the * 
smell of many trees is the sweetest and * 
most fortifying. The sea has a rude, pis-* 
tolling sort of odor that carries with it * 
a fine sentiment of open water and tall * 
ships; but the smell of a forest, which * 
comes nearest to this in tonic quality = 
surpasses it by many degrees in the qual- * 
ity of softness. Again, the smell of the * 
sea has little varisty, but the smell of * 
a forest is infinitely changeful; it va- * 
ries with the hour of the day not in * 
strength merely, but in character; and a 
the different sorts of trees as you go * 
from one zone of the wood to another seem * 
to live among different kinds of atmos- * 


phere.--R. L. Stevenson. * 
* 


w & * © FEF HEF H F HE KF Ke HE HW F KE FF 


BE Ok ok OR OK OO I Ook KK FC a OE ok Kak ko ao KK oak ok 


By Roy Headley, Washington 


Reports on cost of control line are in from Districts 1 and 2. 

District 1 shows a cost of $6.21 per chain on 96 fires on which the 
record was kept. The average cost per chain in District 1 for the seasons 
of 1921 and 1922 was exactly the same. En 1920 the average cost per chain 
was $11.19. There was progress but she stopped! 

In District 2, on 42 out of 50 Class © fires occurring during the 
calendar year, the average cost for control line, including forest officer's 
time, transportation and travel time, was $1.37 per chain. 

One dollar and thirty seven cents per chain is getting it down pretty 
low. Some men will say that it is due to the easy fire-fighting conditions 
in District 2, but District 2 might properly retort that their worst fire 
troubles are in a country where conditions are not easy at all.--Minnesota. 


hae ta Nt SR en Eo, mal 
ee 


Al Chance: The House of depresentatives recently added $25,000 to the item 
for Silvicultural Investigatiots, briteing the total up to $1l0,0¢0. on 
the floor of the Senate, Senator Lodge.,got- another 425, 060. added. These!” 
additions, if. retajnod: by the’ Conferenc 3. Committee that" whips the bill into 
final sha pa: , are designed by Congréss . for the establishment of two new sta- 
ae - one’ Ain New. England and ‘one in, the Lake Statess--W. ro 


weotine Of F Swill Fire hud entera: moi lowing the Southern Hoa ty Congress in Mont- 
gomery, ‘the State Foresters and Chief Firewardens in attendance will hold 
a: forest fire conference to discuss various probléms connected with the 
work of ‘protecting forests: £rom fire in the Southern ‘States. It is ex- 
pected that. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, West 
Virginia, Alabama, and the Federal Forest Service. will be represented. The 
meeting is scheduled, for February 1, the Program calling for a morning and” 
pEaernpcn Session at a BP, together jhuncheon at noon.--J A.M. 


Sa i te eee on 


the Office of Gravite Studies: One of ,his early, jobs, oqorer ‘turned out 
to be injecting some new field’ idéas into the Grazing Assistant examination 
“questions. |, We hape shortly: to' Gléar: ‘up the jam.of thé usual carly winter 
deluge - gore plants from the ficid Golléctors, and ;to add Beata to our 
gtock of" ‘economic plans notes. —-W. Rs Fae id ue 


Ve pause saimss Sapo Rata 


fennel 
bo wee wail 


asf yee 
& we 


River Expeé ariment. | Statiqn, spent- tid nyS. henpy, ; Mr. Gisbofrie is assigned to 
fire studies in D-1 and has done ‘special research with refercn¢e. oh) the itte- 
lation between humidity and fire control... Af: tha Labokatory M.-H: Danlap * 


has also worked, on a phase of this: Styays ira: Gisborne Says’. that the -sipe- Hist 


cinl apparatus de Signed by. Buntap to show. SOi1 :wiotis ture Sontent is one (Bet 
cau be uscd most et ise eto ue in {288 proyeattons obit ile aya 
gananose: Porsstor Vis sits s) the. ere thes aniteréet taken. By, ;Japan in for- 
estry and the ea ate Se Dy: that country 7 ef phhe necessity for] keeping 
abreast with’ current practice is illustrated by: the ‘huniber E, Japanese who: 
have.been in the United States: to. study forestry.” ba Os 


Ths: most. recent: visitor! is, Fyjua Skarato y: “aonb sty officer. of thevime: mi 
perial hous>hold in Japan. -Two’ days were spent: by him’ ht ‘the. Laboratory,” su 


which he’ declares. is the most-porfect ‘and. hag the! best equipment: of any ee ae 


Similar institution he?)saw on“ his’ ‘present tripe . i 
- He started on this tour last February and has visited leboratories 
and forests in India, Sea eneaen eral ‘ttaly, -Garmariy, Holland 


Sweden, Norway, and England... “En'-AmoricS he has been in the .Zast mana. Yowsads 2 | 


ber and will now spend four months in the western’ ‘forests. — 

He stated that forest ‘in’ Japan eqver .70: per cont Or the. acti ae 
appare ently tho ‘Japane Se Yealize ‘that the mountainous’ and hilly lands must. 
be kept ‘covered with itrees, ‘as’: it is, generally! recognized: there that. great. 
damage to’ agricultural: lands would Fest, Uhrqueh:, erosion. or ; Quen: aiftri’ 


SAD sy oe : aL} - y ; : zit al 
Pastors from ae ti iver: Pees At. stat ations; ‘Be v rca ‘bitet Priest: — 


culty in “irrigation. -..: anh nae sae 


Althowgh the forssts arg divided , “into fous. etasses, ‘as ina tional, 


Perial, stall estates, and private,” Federal, contro) is practiced, as the ee 


srnment has supervision. ower’ ote (Classesa..) 0! aie 
‘i male Sere ey, Mobs. bepegne i 
DISTRIGT 2 ~ ROCKY ne DISTRIB: He NOR 


y 


. Ke re 


Xmas Tr so Businsss: ‘on the Pilea Nétional, aries » this woods, end ‘of, the. Ghr’is te 


mas epas business has been: isa tisfac tor ily. worked. out. and the Application! of? 


thinnings through . the removal 'o'f Christmas tress. is both” aésirabie .and iprac-: ” 


ticable. When one reads aim the daily, papers.that. railroads) wil, make |sho 3-9" 


1 cial rates on Christma 26..400e8 in oa .rlosd Lotgjrand it’is “estimated sthat- 500 

carloads of ‘Christmas - treads Will ‘be ‘shipped into the Middié States in a sea- 
son, it is ‘tiie to get serious minded about the Christmas tree business, for 
it is already a big business in the United States and is going to grow. 


elie, 


bobs 


os 
ba 


2 


’ ae 
oe 


Peat 22 (cont. } ager So ae Pow 


This is, inevitable. Where 'do' the Christmas ‘trees-come phon that 3 aban the, 
country each Christmas "season? Privately “owned :‘Tands to'be sure. But is” 
forestry being practiced, improvement thinnihgs' being made or is the. encroach 
of the forcst upon, burns and partly denuded lands being seriously checked? 
The average man. who cuts Christmas trses; picks’ the ‘long‘ones, advance guards 
of the forest, ‘because, thése trees growing in the Open are usually symnet- 
rical, desirable ‘for Christmas trees, and obtained with the least amount of 
effort and. cost. If:not this, ‘tho’ Chris tmas tree hunter with axe, and ‘saw 
scouts, the fore st stands cutting trees here and there, usually the thrifty 
growing:. ones. in. the open spots, until eventual ly all the'solitary and: beauti- 
ful trees along our highways, and a’ dohsiderabic distance back,’ are gone, . 
The Christmis troe business on the Pike’ Porest* this Season was cons.id= 
erably Pasa than ds ‘year. A nat roturn oe © 20 per acre was v9Ph ede 


atm ky 


bt 
a Coe voy 


ag beanie 2 DISTT 3 _soytiuissnsiar a road cee ; 


Ne ‘Mask. for Mot hor. Goose: After the cobwebs are ty aoe fron ene es ‘aon 
the Ranger, has a job closer by. One: Domingo Vigil, shecp man of :this Dis-.;.... 


trict, recently moved his shecp to the winter: range and promptily ‘Lost 25 fat, ; 
heal thy ewes. Vigil was at a loss to account for the daaths,.’butivother sheep..;, 
men in the community to whom I mentioned the loss are certain that it is due 
to the cobwebs, hanging in the sagebrush’: and thieoj.of which they say there is 
an unusually largs amount owing to the lack of rains to wash them away. 

I thought. that I was up to about’ all ‘the Hazards that ‘attend the Sheep .:, 
business, but this is a naw one on’me. Is it merely” ey deca. ie a OP lk 


has the theory a foundation in fag t?=-Santa “Po. Arenas ahah ote 
7 ORS ets as 5 j re 
New Publication in Domand: "the National’ Fodects “Ue New: ees ot ft “whieh: will 


be known as Bullstin #240, ‘tHe ‘text for which was ‘written by Mr. ‘Kircher last . 
Spring with the assistance of the'‘branch Chiefs ‘of:the DO ‘and thé Supervisors. 
of New Mexicg forests, has been printed, according to advice from Washington. 
The Washington office” issued a news story on'this. publication afew days ago. 
which gave ‘it so strong an introduction that requestsfor the. booklet’ are com-. 
ing in from all dircctions = from North Dakota ; from Géorgia, from.New: York, 
from Nebraska, and so on as well as: ‘inquirids from points. near at ‘hand, and 
the supply has not ‘yet reachsd Albuquerque. | ‘Phe: beoklet-is well worth the 
getting ‘dnd as soon as this’ officé ‘has the stock from which to. meet the de- 
mand, further publicity will be givon. Copy for a similar booklet, "The Na- 
tional Forests of Arizona," is in’ ‘sbiitse Ee hast aot and” = hous be. ayaile.-. 
able not far. in the fubire. | : 


5” 


ie ancka’ senicle oR_4 = INDE! we IN D sta 


zitho? ‘the jad tefil: habits of sist cmt iy ace ‘og: 
Ponisi tae, or the ele mour of Jackson Hole isi‘about to.place the Teton For- ; 
est in, the List ‘of ‘timber exporting forests. '-A‘local,contractor has receivad 
an order fora bunch of légs to be shipped. té Ligonnisr, Pennsylvania, for - 
the construction of a rustic lodgo. Mr. Arthur Thompson, erstwhile patron of, - 
the Bar BC Dude Ranch in Jackson’Hole, is the purchaser. ‘\Je thought the bal- 
ance of trade, after’ this exportation, would swing+Sround more in favor of.. 
Jackson Hole; however, we havo just learned that the Countess Gizyka is im- © 
porting pressed brick for se bonis peace here | in Paensoaen te ron 


ook wu ES i 


Fish. Planting in Western SiseieAe gone pi ecm a Sghos on "planting of trout 
were brought out at the mee ting of Westarn States Game Commissioners: at Sacra-: 
mento, California. last year Montana planted 42,000,000 trout and 17,000 ,€ 00. « 
geayling. California planted 26,000,000 trout ana Colorado 24,000,000. Phen 
planting in the States of bregon, Tadho and Utah ranged from. 10,000,tU0 to. 
20,000,000 each. There was a recognition by all the commissioners present 
that in order to maintain fishing, Planesnes tin gece to those of Mon- 


tana must be under taken.-S. 2 sits agin Bh a ning 
Cd . . a ae i bee : ‘ } 


~6- 


~ 


Petit vi prank ms 

4 ; be N ig py Ba he mu rein ‘ 
Jangor Stat Station | Burns. to. cee eae Tes tts was preparing - some tar to 
repair, the' roof on the Ranger én Station. In ‘heating Some ‘of thi's. tar on the 
kitchen stove, ths can exploded, sctting thy house on fire and burning the 
station to the ground. The smoke was so severe that it was impossible to 
Save any property belonging’ to, \ineiAdd Mies.” Mink. ° 

. Mr, and Irs. Mink have the’ sincere sympathies of tlie: office force, 
and steps are boing’ taken for an allotient to replace this” station.——Hum- 
boldt. . 


Zalken from’ Ranger's. nee nie rugs siete: ed answer ‘to ‘the umber of game 
anime 1s, on District 5, this is what he has to- sayi 
Roky GP Wibpieaseine OB Bere YR GE OOo 
1 goat - meee 3 TABS cin 
shes: i a: aHieiser, ‘ 


4 Se a na ih ib k 25 


ot t 


ie set toad vayees We" Hote” ‘in the "June Bu: Sstineter Stand of National For+ 
est Timber," that tho Toyabe is credited. with 2 Neyial {600 cords of wood. “AES 
er. inspe ane 2, saymill on the Humboldt in the upper Jarbridge country, and 
~sseing. thé tyte.of timber’ ‘used for lumber. of.various kinds, you need; not bs 
surprised | to ruad, some thing Like “LEs0GO-: cords of wood, and the balance sav~ 
Sinbe se" on “the eubhlgeing next roports'. wi 
REPU SN Gem oc at o fee 4 


3 / $ ® 
H ‘ 5 4 Hig 


Ryne 


ad gk b moh dis” > piszut: 5_= CALI AANA stan Shae 
» ’ ° : } , A ea : et pt ro abel ili 4 ‘ Oui eta nes ) 
wk | snappy Tories “Irvine sot a nots to’ its offios: ait machine ,nuimb ex's of 


‘pertics tis. eau Hindi? in Middle rk of Lytie ‘Oresk.. Irving said he 
thovent they had wELLod 2 A DOL rs ae "8 was. 2bout, sag the kind of deer. there 
AMT 2, fb Miugdlts ike Par vi ss passe! Raheer Station at very. great spebd.” i 
honed He Wamb © ‘Stop: hom DU ek fot past. him.” | Next morning hay tok’ my 


: Qog. 2008 Be ate ‘their traciés up ‘a .sinali Canon. k, soon found ‘twp small. ‘fawn 


heads buricd in the bottom of ths wash’... Then, ze tracked. then and . found their 


+ empoty eartridiscs, 1 took this evidence to WW. '6.; MA s Tone, Ganie Warden, and 


we vont to the District Attorney's office and swore out complaints. St went 

; Wirth, Mglong and we arrested Lee Be ‘Ride. at: thie . sybstatibn in Rialto.’ We 
naxt, weir 68, San Barnar'dino dnd ‘avyres'ted George Woodruff at the P.#.sub- 
ipte tion, And put him in J@ile © We ‘then got. ssarch warrants and Searched 
their houses 2nd found. twedecr darcass es thanging ina -elothés closet of 
Woodruff’ s house. ay were: relcassd\ Oon- ‘bail bf {400.! ',. (Report, by District 
Ranger’ J., Hh’ Haydon o of.the Angeles National, For gst. } Note: | The, termination 

of this: case Was an: eminent ly ‘satisfactory: dna; Rice Was | as fined Ey and Wo od- 
erutt 81755 besides! whit each’ rsceived::a 60-day, jail sentence (which WAS , 
however, suspended) : nnd had his hunt ing’ license’ taken away, with’ the warning 
not to hunt or onter the Forest wntil July, 1923. Under "Publicity" Ranger 
Hayden states: "Dublished in two San Bernardino dailies and the Los Angeles 
pepers. They were given a good roasting by Judge Kavanaugh and the court 
room was full." 


aificisney: While getting the evidence in another case, two sleuthing For- 

st officers found 4 camp fire msrrily burning with the owner missing. 

ince they did not have a full load to the justice court, they sat down for 
an hour until Mr. August Codige of Visalia cama in. He informed them that 

he had been out quail hunting. fortunately for him, he had none. Slinkard 
and Brown patiently explained to him that they were short one man to make 4 
full auto load to the justice and invited him to go along. He reluctantly 

eccepted to go along and donated 50 kopecks to the aoeneee of the State of 

valifornia on the following morning.--Sequoia. 


Pa [Pe 


we 


"Timberman'" and father of the Pacific Logging Congress, to Sol. Greeley: 


‘able and enlightening paper on’ the effect of atmospheric conditions: ia 


ae the pany the Forest Pa el? played." 


- Oregon Power Company, from, Prospect to Springfield, 115 miles, has been 


volts. A-strip of timber 50 fect wide along the right of way was felled. 
Payment has-been madé for all timber felled on National Forest land. An 


telephone onginecr, is working out thé solution of this problem. This same 


tract" of notebook size so’ that they could be easily carried and available 
‘when needed. Road and trail forcmen Could carry them and see that they 


EST Aust a. - NURTE ACI ELS DISTRICT 


tapiipac nabacae' @ubtaeted ‘from a@ recéat iottee from Geo. M. dovidatt ¢ of the 


"Just a line to say how splendidly Dr. Hofmarih of the Experimental 
Station helped us at’ ths Logging Congress at Tacoma with his wonderfully 


fire control. 

"We are going to print it as a bulletin and place it in the hands 
of every logger in the five western States put British Columbia. 

"Mr. Hames W. Girard, of Missoula, gave us a fine paper on tractor 
logging in the Inland Binpiro, and an address on the Missoula official 
wireless telepiona, 

"Altogether, your Forest Service men showed up splendidly and are a 
credit to your organization. i felt, seeing you could not be with us, you 
would like to mow how the doneress, “with its 615 ‘rogistration, got along 


Big Power: Transmission Project: The transmission line of the Ualifornia- 


completed and the power turned on. .This line passes through the Crater 

Forsst for about eight miles and the Umpqua forest for twelva miles. The 
cost of this transmission line was in the neighborhood of 2 million dollars. 
Work was commenced last spring 2nd ordinarily it would have taken two years 
to finish, but the’ job was rushed through and completed this fall. The line 
is on’ two-pole towers, set about 500 feet apart and is built to ¢arry 110,000 


interesting feature is the interference caused by the power lines in Pbrest 
Servide telephone lines, both inside and outside the Forest. C. M, silen, 


company is considering the development of’ power on the North Umpqua River. 


New forms Needed: The Chelan Porest has felt the noed of a labor contract 
for improvement employces.” Something like the "D-6 Fire Fighters' Con- 


were Signed before 2n employee started work. 

A similar form-would be*desirable for’contracts of hire. These 
should be‘worded so they could bo used for horse, auto, or boat hire. If 
any other Forest has a need of such forms the District office could order 
a nny" sky next BOBsOn! Bett a Me 


i 
Fi a] 


wiiee 


U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential) 


Vol. VII, No. 7. Washington, D. C. February 12, 1925. 


DR. FeRNOW DIES AT ToRONT 


ce ae me eed ee re tee Done nem emt 


je 


De. Bernard Edward Fernow, author, pioneer educator, organizer of 
the forestry movemant, and the first United States Forester, died on the 
morning of Februery 6 at Toronto. 

Dr. Fernow was born in Posen, Prussia, in 1851, and studied under 
the faucys Heyer and other noted foresters. He first came to this country 
in 1878 and soon took an active part in the forestry movement of New York 
State, where he formiated legislation establishing the Jorest Reserve in 
the Adirondacks. from 1885 to 1895 he was Bditor of the Proceedings of the 
American Jorestry Association. largely because of the activities of this 
association, the greatest piece of forest legislation so far adopted in 
our country was enacted - the law of 18691, authorizing the President of 
the United States to establish National Yorest reserves. This act led to 
the creation of the present National rorests. 

Tn 1886 Dr. fernow's great work for the nation really began when he 
accepted the position of organizer and director of the forestry work of the 
Government for the Department of Agriculture, a position which he occupied 
until 1898. 

During twelve years spent in Washington, Dr. Fernow kept in close 
touch with the forestry work in the various States, and there was little 
of State forest legislation passed during this time in which his opinion 
was not consulted. He secured the cooperation of many prominent men of 
science. Wumerous bullstins and circulars, including monographs on White 
Pins, the Southern Timber Pines; results of tests and studies in timber 
physics, the first complete discussion of the metal railway tis as a pos- 
Sible substitute; studies on timber impregnation and other subjects, all 
of immediats value in wood utilization, are evidence to-day of the pains- 
taking work of the guiding spirit which directed them and edited their re- 
sults for publication. 

Throughout the twelve years in the Bursau of forestry, Dr. Fernow 
never ceased to write articles and addresses. In these years the larger 
part of two hundred articles and addresses, over twenty circulars, and 
over thirty bulletins and reports were prepared and edited. 

In 1856 Dr. Zornow was called to Corneil to organize the first for- 
estry school in the new world. Here he inaugurated the beginnings of pro- 
fessional education. After leaving Cornell he worked for four years as 
consulting forsster. During these four years he continued the Forestry 
Quarterly; delivered lectures at Yale University, and started the forest 
school 2t Pennsylvania Stato College. In 1907 Dr. Fernow accepted an in- 
vitation to Toronto University and organized the first forest school in 
the Dominion. «at the time of his death he was Professor Zmeritus of that 
institution. 

His well known "History of Forestry" is a masterpiece of its kind, 
covering the subject for both the Uld and New Worbd. 

Thres years ago, when Dr. Fernow retired from active teachi cape 
there was published in Al@RICAN MRESTRY a tribute by Raphael Zon to the 
father of forestry in the new world. To-day the words assume an added 
Significance. ‘While the period which Dr. Zernow typifies is rapidly be- 
coming history, his teachings and his contributions have the quality of 


permanence. They have been always a source of inspiration and guidance to 
the pioneers of forestry; thoy will be infinitely more so to the actual 
managers of our forest lands as soon 4s real woods forestry comes into gen- 
eral practice. As with any great teacher, it is nct the kind of theory 
that he happens to advocate that really counts, but the ability to teach 
how to think in his particular field. Theories come and go, but the abil- 
ity to orient oneself in the details of complex problems is a lasting as- 
set; he who teaches to mset ever-changing probbems, not by a ready-made 
theory or hypothesis, but by a critical attitude and ability to discern 
between the essential and nonessential, is building on a solid foundation. 
With him forestry was not mercly theory, but a movement ever changing as 
life itself, and for him problems became soluble not in ready-made formas, 
put in the forces, economic and natural, that are at work." 

To Mrs. Fernow the Forest Service has sent the following message: 
"In this hour of sorrow may the thought console you that Dr. feriow's work 
will never dic but will be carried on as long as the Forest Service endures. 
The members of the Forest Service extend to you and your family their deep- 
est sympathy in your loss."--T.H.G. 


THE MATPER WITH VUR LAND EXCHANG? BUSINZSS 
By Clinton G. Smith, D-7 


Mr. Kneipp, in a recent issue of the Bulletin, asks "That is the mat- 
ter with our Land 2xchange?"' This partial answer is given on the basis of 
the Florida 2xchangs 4ct of July 3%, 1916, 

If it takes over two years to put an exchange through the Department 
of the Interior, the effect on the exchange business can readily be antici- 
pated. ‘/ith four exchanges pending since 1919, no exchenges have been of- 
fered since May, 192.. See following table of Morida exchanges to date; 


; Date approved ; Area of ; Araa of : Date 
Name or 2pplicant: Agriculture : Govt. land : Priv.land ; patent 
Becc ianes ni LING fu) SE ROAS Reiisellceited)) hee (RASS i oak peel eteieme 
Ewing, D. A. : 6-7-17 : BL : 164 =; 2-2U-18 
Harrison, W: Weeds 7-16~18 : 3,913 : 7,075 3; 11-10-20 
Sutton « Harrison: 12-26-17 : 74.9 : 1,603 ; 10-13-21 
ferdon, ©. By : 8-16-19 ; 2,011 : G,clg. f 
MeCaskild, &R.2.L.: 1-6-20 : 4,216 ; TAME 3 
{Flournoy Lands): : : : 
(016510) : : ; : 
Bryan, R. 3. > 11-18-19 : 2 yeu) ; 7,107 ; 11-35-22 
Bevan) Re: Ss : 1-14-2U : 78 : Sees 1-19-23 
( Zaircloth Land): : : : 
(O65 1) : : : 
MeCaskill, &2.8.Le: 1-6-2 : 4,906 15. 505, ie 
(Walton Land & ; : : ; 
Timber Co.) : : ; : 
(u16509) 2 : : : 
Rose, 3. P. : 1-26-20 : 2,440 : 6,300 ss 
Ratio, 1 to. 26°... > Totals 2U 491 53,410 


—_— ~~ SS SS 


CARRTIR PIGSUNS LN sTRS CONRAD Wo 3 


nanger Waltar A. Estep of the Ldahco National forest is 2 pig3on enthu- 
siast and his report covering the results of last year’s work with them is 
very interesting. 

"The past ssnason on the ldsho National Xrest, in addition to numerous 
successful trial flights, the carrier pigeons were flown from seventeen dif- 
ferent lightning fires, and in every case made successful returns with the 
messages in time, varying from five to twenty minutes. Not a bird was lost 
on any of these trips, 2nd they would have made a still better record had 
there been anyone at the Headquarter station to receive them, as several of 
the leter fires occurred after the sup, ,osed close of the fire season and 
after most of the protective force had been put on improvement worik. 


See 


"Tt is easy to estimate the saving in worry, time, trouble and money 
gained by an immediate and authentic report of the actual location and condi- 
tions existing at the fire, and this, too, without any loss of time to any- 
one working in connection with the fire. 

"In addition to the actual fire reports received, the pigeons also — 
brought in a signed affidavit in regard to a fire trespass. case clear across 
the Ranger district in a half hour's tims in order to catch the outgoing .. - 
mail and save the delay of several days in its receipt. In addition to 
this, they tarried a number of other messages of official importance. — 


‘"{he best individual flight record of the sdason was from the Super- 
visor’s headquarters. to the Ranger's headquarters, a distange of twenty — 
miles in twenty minutes, Another flight of twenty-five miles and over two 
mountain ranges was made in thirty-two minutes. ; 

"An incident which occurred goes to show the inherent instinct of 
these birds. The Ranger doing the experimenting with the pigeons sent some 
young birds just off the nest and which had not yet learned to fly back to 
the remote Big Creck section of the Thunder Mountain area, in order that » 
they might be established and used there. Une of these birds was taken too 
far on its initial flight, and not knowing the location of its new home, it: - 
instinctively took the direction of the old home, 2 hundred miles distant, 
the outside of which it had never scen, This pigson mst have passed 
directly over its old home without recognizing it, for it showed up at 
Jascad3 on the same line of direction, but thirty miles farther Oldie hay 


It.is understood that at oné tims during the summer Ranger Estep was |: 
caught with ssveral lightning fires on his hands at once ina very jnacces-— 
sible and difficult region far from a telephons. He went to these fires 
alone, believing that they would not spread rapidly. After he was due to 
arrive at the fires, the lookouts kept reporting that they still existed 
and did not appear to be under control, and it: seemed probable that rein- 
forcements would have to be sent into him.. Then a pigeon camo in. its 
message told of four firss in a rocky, and difficult ground where control ~ 
was slow and difficult. They were so hemmed in by rocks that they could not 
Spread, however, and he would be able to handle them 2ll by himself. That 
represents the typ: of work dons by ths birds constantly throughout the fire 
season. 


HOPS_ FOR TH3_FUTURE 
By H. I. Loving 


The Federal Traffic Board, 2 branch of the Bureau of the Budget, is - 
aiming to secur3s: 2 uniform travel regulation! for all Departments and inde-. . 
pendent governmental establishments. Copies of a report of its subcommit- 
tse on subsistence were recently distributed. The recommendations con- 
tained in their report will, if adopted, liberalize some of the present 
restrictions end limitations considerably. Many of the recommendations can 
be adopted under existing law; others, viz., those providing for increased 
per diem, cither actual expenses or a fixed sum in lieu thereof, will re- ~ 
quire legislative action, A few of the changes recommended are; (a) "Max- 
imum per diem allowance in liew of subsistence. $6.00, or actual subsistence 
expenses, not to exceed £7.00 per day": (b) "Tips to waiters not to exceed 
20¢ per m2al"; (c) "Tips to bellboys 2nd maids at hotels not to exceed 30¢ 
in any one day"; (d}) "When time of dep2rture from depot at headquarters is 
before 6.00 a. m, before 1.00 p. m, or before 7.00 p.m, Cherge for 
breakfast, dinner, or supper, may be allowed on routs; or where time of re- 
turn to depot at headquarters is after 8.00 a. me, after 1.00 pp m, or aft- 


er ia p+ m., charge for breakfast, dinner, or supper, may be allowed en 
route. 


GHOSE DRZADIUL GRAZING Reto RTS 


SS ee 


By ‘i vill c. Barnes, Washington 


There h2s been more ‘or less discussiom of the need for the annual 
prazing reports, complaints that they were difficult ‘to make out, took too 
much time, and were of no particular value to anybody. ‘With this idea we 
have never agreed. Perhaps we have been somewhat to blame for not having 
outlined to the field our ideas of just what a grazing report should cover, 
how long it might be, and what particular subjects could be discussed or 
left out.‘ ‘Ll ‘have had this in mind for several years past but always dropped 
it, feeling it was a matter for each Supervisor to work out for himself, 
and that for us to discourage long ‘reports might really work 2 distinct harm 
and result in mere bare routine. statements of little value to anybody. 

Some wiseheimer once stated that there were two classes of public 
speakers - one who had something to say, and the other who had to say some- 
thing. Some of the Supervisors seem to approach the annual report work with 
a fecling that they have to say something, while the majority, I am delighted 
to say, Seem to tackle the job with the feeling that they have something to 
say and ars going to say it. It's a real pleasure to read 2 report of this 
kind. 

‘There are a lot ‘of things included in some of these reports which, 
while interesting, could be motérially scaled down. We want to know some= 
thing as to weather conditions, but woe are bao interested in a long table 
of rainfall statistics covering, perhaps, 2 large part of the State in which 
the Forest is situated. A re port may SHOT. a Keavy total precipitation on a 
Forest, including snowfall for a yéar, but if it all. fell in the winter and 
none of it during the growing séason, the statistics would bs awful ly mis- 
leading. Rainfall statistics shovild cover simples ‘statements as to the time- 
liness of the rains, above or below normal, their results on the growing of 
the plants, etc. 6: pela 

Then again, there are many Supervisors who devote page after page to 
tables and statements of sales of livestock. I have one ae me now which 
States that-1,000 head of mixed ‘steers were Shipped from the Horast, aver- - 
aging so many pounds, and brought so many dollers psr head. Such informa- 
tion is absolutely useless for our purposes because it can not be dissected 
so as to discover how mich a yearling, 2 two-year-old or a three-year-old 
really brought, am thst is what we need for purposes of comparing prices, 
Two €oo0d sales, showing ages, weight and prices,. are worth two whole pages 
of rambling sta teme nts 2s to shipments of mixed bunches. Here's a dandy: 
from the Routt: "August 15, Jones Cattle Co., 25 H2reford steers, d-year-old, 
average 1100 pounds, sold at $8.10 per cwt. Practically pure-blcod stuff.” 

Here's one that might as well have been left out; "Steer market only 
fair, lambs brought a good price, weight below normal." 

Again, many Supervisors go ty great lengths in taking up each individ- 
ual grazing unit on their Forest, discussing the situation on it not only of 
forage but the permittees themselves, and 2 multitude of other irrelevent 
details. These certainly are not necessary for the information of oither — 
the District office or this office, ard: really do not ssem to have any great 
valus to the Supervisor himself. 

If each Supervisor will sit‘ down and. ‘size up the making of his annu- 
al grazing report and put himself in the place of a reviewing officer inter- 
ested in the larger details and not in the minutia of range management, 
local troubles, etc., he will have little difficulty in making a readable, 
meaty report and one which need not cover too many pages. .. 

Did anyons ever get a latter from this end of the line compla ining of 
the length of grazing reports? I don't think so. We 2lways read every lest 
line and appreciate the fact that report writing, like anything else, is a 
highly specialized business that not every man can do in just the right way, 
and not every Supervisor is expected to be one of "them d----d literary fal- 
lers.” 

Finally, let me emphasize this one mein point. I1f you have something 
to say for an annual grazing report, say it just the best you know how, but 
endeavor to sat it concisely, plainly and intelligently. 


ate 


ae a et ee a 


Newlin: H2lps: No one who intends to build:a house should fail to s tudy 
"Recormerded Minimum Reouirements for jmall Dwelling Construction," in 
which John Wewiin, of the forest Products Laboratory, had a hand. In 1921 
‘Vir. Herbert Hoover. appointed a Building Code Committee of seven members , 
Newlin being ths only Government representative. After a far-reaching — 
study, thé committee has published this compact report to serve as a basis 
for standardizing municipal building codes for small houses and to aid the 
builder ‘in building not.only cheaply but well. Ir. Hoover @alls the report 
a piece of "intellectual legislation" of unique character. It is published 
14 the Department of Commerce --W.Se vy 


B. §. White, Supervisor of the Lolo “in District }, has been appointed Ch af 


ae ne ee ee 


Qné More Big Reason; ''The lumber industry‘ éwes. it to, itsels to take. the lead: 
in its own perpetuation, -as.the industry ranks among the most important in 
the country."--iditorial in The Timberman. et 


A_R.S. Author: The OPEN ROAD for January and Pabruary contain articles by 
Supervisor 3. WJ. Shaw.of the Absaroka. feos he mre, 


‘ 


ad 


Red Cross: The Porest Service memberships in the’ Red Cross here totalet $58. 


Se 


FOREST _PROTUGGS LABORATORY 


Plugging Up Knotholes: Knotholes.in:lumber seem to. have aroused special in- 
terest recently in various correspondents. Some want to fill the holes with 
a wooden plug, a few advocate some moldable material, ond still othere have © 
variations of these methods. The.difficulty seems to be that aside from the 
cost there is always likely to be a veriation in the moisture content of the 
board so that the plug will either drop out or be forced out. The problen, | 
of course, increases with the decrease in the thickness of the board. 

Apparently there are several ‘inventions on file for filling up knot- 
holes. A recent genius says, "I have a process,that relates to removing knots 
in lumber and replacing them with inleys,that leaves a perfect surface for 
paint, enamel, and also the darker colored stains. ‘This process is partic- 
ularly adapted for use in raising the grades of sap gum, white pine, and 
Douglas fir, which are all infected with rotten or loose knets which in 
white pine 2nd fir fall out or become loose when the lumber is dry. To 
dats, I have only treatcd sap gum, but results obtained have been perfect. 
The knots arse cheaply removed and the expense of operation is very low." 


cerioad of Logs from Alaska Hers: The logs from the trees personally 
stlectsd by Mr. Markwardt last summer have made ths long trip from the Na- 
tional forests of Alaska and are now boing unloaded in ow yard. 

The nine species represented by the 78 logs are as follows: Sitka 
Spruce, white spruce, western hemlock, mountain hemlock, Alaska ccdar, Alas- 
ka birch, western red cedar, black cottonwood, and Balm of Gilead. 

Tests will now be made on theses species to determine their mechanical 
properties. Such data will not only result in the more extetisive usa’ of 
these species in Alaska, but will enable comparison with species in other 
regions, : 


DISPRICT 2 — AOSKY. MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


the Jolorado Gams and Fish Protective Association held its annual busines 
meeting on January 19. The principal btsiness was the election of officers 
for the ensuing year and 2 review of the report of th; Logisletive Committee 
which had been holding sessions in reference to proposed game legislation 
befors the present session of the Colorado legislature. Among the things 
advocated by the committcse and 2pproved by the associetion were: a bill 
putting bear on the list of big game animals; deferring the Opening of the 


5. 


———————————————————— 


fishing season to malze it.conform to . the spawning ‘season of the spring 
spawning species and eppropriation for retaining ponds and the propagation 
of pickerel, bass, porch catfish, etc., in~those sections of the State suit- 
ed to these specics; better law sn fore sment and a program of game refuges, and 
better prote ction for these refuges. Bills are now -beford the Legislature 
Govering all these subjects, and about ning nay refuge bilis. are: under consid 
eration. covering | important sections of bhe ‘hountainous. region in the western 
part of the State. | Ufficerd’ glected for the onsuing ycar.are. otis MoIntyre, 
Colorado geumaneaid Président; 0. J. Clark, Denver, ‘Vice President; ani J.°H. 
Hatton, Secre tary-Droasatex. A board of diree tors” of ten members was @l1so 
yse tad | ? . : fis t 


1921 21 Delinquents: The record of me “Dis trict Hows seventy. 1921 permittess 
“who have not paid their grazing foés. A large m. jority of-these ara bank- 
rupt and will simply have to bs refused. further: consideration. A list has 
been sont phe var lous: forssts’ in the Dis trict. 

District F Roker neous Povic talked before the Colorado ee Association 
“on danyary 18 on the subject’ of ‘st: abilizing the: stock industry and what the 
“Forest Sarvice is doing to bring about. this condition, especially through 

the range appraisal | and ad jus tment. of the grazing fees. .A resolution was 

passed rc oquysting members to cooperete with the Forest Service in gathering . 

information forthe range “‘oupraisa: . simp | 


Goatless Forest: The Coronado, for. the first tint in its history, has no goats 

or shecp either, for thet matter - in the authorization for ths grazing of 

livestock,  Thore nover were many sheep on-the Coronado, but. considerable num 

bers of goats hev2 been’ grazed in times past. ‘The goat business, however, 
Seems to have dwindled down to nothing, and with the lack of need, authoriza- 

son for that class of stoek has becn- withdrawn. The soronado is ths only 
D-3d forest with oxdlusively nen grazing author izations. 


Dogs ‘aad, Lio Lions: 

ical Survey has 
i story of succ 
hunter stirr3d- ee ie oA atih see vs int Se 5 coeareee 
according to.revorts, but were 211 brovght low. Dogs wsnt by twos after two 
of the lions-.ang the third was sscursd by an old dog by himself. The eter 
ode. y Miller by name, is credited with 67 Lions | in the last two yoars 


Helping to. rendsr ae idee d safe for Livestock, the Biolog- 
Wee yonkine one of ae ee hunters on tet Hones da tely. 


What Plots Show, In the soring of 192 - plots about Ons acré in size were 
-fenced in three different brush range .typés of the Tonto. These arses were 
enclosed for the purpose of watching -some: of the Chenges of our ranges under 
grazing as compared to, protection. Some of these changes take place slowly 
over 2 long period of years, others show up quickly. - In every “case such’ areas 
are of value to permittees and "permitter" alike as a basis for, range while 
Zation — estimates. avon, now.the: Tonto eLOuS show two things of practical 
value; wefan 
Se “This: scason's Cone ee crop om, eae and FE Om PT ee as 
big: as last yoare (his is, inter¢ isting when we romember that tiiis, yoar's 
rainfall at Roossveclt’ was Over’ an‘ inch mors than last. year}; a ays on 
distribution.is.a biggsr factor than total precipitation. 
“2.°"The sod of Curle 2y Mesquite has: thinne id a little this year’ even in- 


“"side the- fenes. (This shows thet’ ‘poor growth years affect sod density even 
where “it: is not receded) 


Personally Conducted Law 0. Jasco sos: Zvery onc2.in'2 whils from some source or © 
other comes criticism that the forest Ssrvice is continually taking into 
court trivial cases which could be settled by. meeting defendants, half.-way 
and without resorting to legal: :procsedings.. In District 4 this hue and ery 
occurs most frequently in reference to grazing cases. - This probably for the 
reason that by far ths greatest number of viola ations reported are of the 
krazing regula ‘tions... 


if ua 


DESTRIGT 4 (Cont. | 


The following table gives the situation year by year, and shows that 
ws are gradually getting results ourselves ina greate: number of cases, in 
1921 only 4 per cent of violations being reported to the Department of Jus- 
tices. 


Cases 
Year Handled Administratively In court 
1921 254, 96 A 
1920 wih 95; 5h 
1919 181 93/6 Th 
1918 : ; 95 91) 9h 
AOL? 2 8g Ha ERC O Bye ee lee 5b 
TeR6 pc 1 8 Ba: 14% 
1915 - yheBe: 85h sie aus \f)/4 


te 


eee for Stats Lands in Ideho: Mr. George T. Marshall, of the 
Idaho State Land Board, has been in Ogden conferring with rest officers 
regarding revisions of laws relating to the powers or the State Land Board. 
‘In consequence of the lerge holdings of grazing lands which the State Land 
Board is getting through land exchange with the Forest Service, it is becon- 
ing necessary to administor these lands somswhat in the same way that the 
Forsst Scrvice administers its eraging lands. In order to do this, the 
Laad Board will have to be given certain powers, and regulations will have to 
po made somewhet similar to ours. Mr. Marshall is making plans for the necss- 
sary legislation along this Lino. ne 


Peo Wha inagtas Nemou Led TN jen: Rest: Uncs more we ars rounding yp the 
annual statistical re urts, and 2s'usual: find that the commanding lcad of the 
Angsles National forest in special use work is maintained. Un December 31 
the oe had 2,478 special use permits in effect. 2070 of these, or 84 
per cent... wore. reeroation permits, 1875 being summer: homes, 176 hotels and 
‘resorts, ‘anid 19: miscellansous permits connected with recreation. “Dhiese 2076 
Piercat ion permits cover ebout 1lUOU. acres ‘and bring in an annual revenue of 
about ©35,L00. What other forest use can even approach. this figure from the 
revenue-producing standpoint? It might be incidentally mentioned that the 
Angeles issued 611 new permits during the calendar year, and that the spe- 
cial. use peas for the fiscal year 1925 will exceed 4b LOOemnL A.B. 

Howd Lie "Short: as Payl D: Kelleter, Porest Inspector, Mayor of Kensington, 
Md., Fast Potentats of the Mystic. Shrine and general good fellow, is. out 

from Washington. taking 5 whirl at the Western districts. He visited New 
trisans, Albuquerque and the Angeles dorest ‘before arriving in San Franc is- 
co, and is now busily eng2g cd | ain putting Uperation over the ey so. Mr. 
Kelle ster will next visit ths District office at Portiand.: 


’ 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PAGI ALS DISTRIv? 


te ee ee ee 


ee Drying Study: Sincc July the forest Service has been conducting a study 
cooperation with the West Joast Lumbermen’s Association to determine the 
sae ee ee of kiln drying Douglas fir conumon limber. The field work has 
deen complsted and from superficial analysis of the data, the indications 
ars that such methods of handling common lumber are practical and commercial. 
A kiln of ths Whseler-Gsgood Company, Tacoma, Washington, was rnod- 
sled for the purpose. A total of seventeen kiln runs were made which rz 
quired over 150,Ll00 board feet of lumber. Various temperatures and iiumidi- 
tics were employed to learn this action on the knots, which normally dvop out 
during the usual air seasoning practice and by. so doing reduce the grade. It 
is anticipated that kiln drying of common can be dons ct a lower cost per 
thousand and less degrace than for @ir drying.--C.W.G. 


ies 


DISH II? § (sont. ) 


Nota "Dry" Talk: A difficult technical ‘subject was "put over'.in a success=- 
ful and intsresting manner to a gathering of aadtacaa ed lumbsrjacks when Dr. 
Je Vo. Hoffman addressed the thirteenth annual Pacific Pepe he CUcngrsss -in 
Tacoma recently. Dr. Hoffman spoke on "The Effect of Humidity on forest Burn 
ing conditions." His talk was replete with scientific fact and was ably illug 
trated with curve charts, yet it was delivered with a quality of human inter- 
est that held the attention of the practical loggers throvghout and brought 
forth applause and favorabls commendation at its close.--€.#.G. 


scrseming Aeain: A cougar 8 feet from tip to tip was killed lately near the 
Bieck Buttos on the Umpqua by E. 3. Harpham of Klamath Falls. "fhe cougar 
screamcd when he rcccived the deadly bullet," said Mr. Harpham, who used to 
be & momber of the frist Service. A 7-foot cougar was killed on’ the Umpqua 
by Firoman W,.C. Curtis at the Black Rock Station. Mr. Curtis: says he did no 
hear the var aera sevscam but it did a heap of growling. 


‘DISTRIQT 9 - alaska prstyge DIST 
Ths Gordova High School is using ne Chugach library’ to senate an extent duri 


“tho present school term. The .advanced.classes in natural scienes are using 
our copics of "A Primcr of Forestry" as toxtbooks on fors -stry, supplemented 
by Bulletin "Przsts and Mrastry in the United States," issued for distribu- 
tion at ths Brazil Centemial Exvosition. The teaching staff appears to have 
a Very good gonoral knowl2dge of homes Ly idea '§ and the work of the Serv-= 


ics, and they 22 being encoura eed in the useyor the office pie ae 
Supsrvisor McTonald and tapes Supe recon Pratt will sdend ten days this win- 


-ter in the District, office et Juneau going ovsr allotment and other matters. 


Mie seis eGb walsh sis. spend ton days. or two weeks in District 6, bine in 
Pablic Aslations work. : 


Brast Reng for Brady of the MSHA AENEs district spent the holidays in his oid 
home at Sitka, whero he wis borm. Hs is the only native born Alaskan on the 
vhugach start. Mr. Brady has Shane 0 of the only rangcr district in Alaska 
having a firc hazard. eee : : 


3 
F : 


The, Alaskan (sy amen OMS a cut from the Vhugach in “1923 about 
Seven million board feet of timber, principa lly crosstics, for the mainte- 
nance of the Govornment railro2zd. This material is taken under free use per- 
mit. If sold at the usual commercial stumpage rates, it would increase the 
timber sales reccipts of the Jhugach, by nearly $10,0uu. Contracts for the 
cutting of this material have already been let by the Commission. Under the 
terms of its froe use permit the Conmigsion will not make final settlement 
with its contractors until ths cutting areas have been cxamined by.the Forest 
officer in charge and @ esplease given by hin.” A 


a =e 


Service B - 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents. Confidential ) 


Mossi t. NO. Oe Washington, D. ©. sebruary 19, 1923. 


Col. W. B. Greeloy 
. (axtract of speech before American National Livestock Association. } 


There are 175,000,000 acres, mors or less, of unreserved public 
range which is still a free-for-all grazing commons without protection or 
regulation. Much of this range land is in the vicinity of the National 
Porests, liuch of it has been largely depleted of vegetation by competitive 
and unregulated use. The deterioration of these outside ranges has greatly 
increased the pressure for ational Forest allotments. It often leads to 
the crowding of unpermitted stock upon the National Forests. It has made 
our task of a satisfactory grazing administration much more difficult. 

At the same time the condition of these public grazing lands is be- 
coming more harmful and upsetting to the livestock industry. They are the 
free spoil of any freebooter or spoculator. An effort to secure exclusive 
control over them is a legal felony. Tho inability of stockmen to control 
such lands often renders them powerless to fully control the use of other 
lands to which they are rightfully entitled. Whatever benefits the stock 
industry has gained in the past from free range on those areas are now, 
for the most part, more than offset by ths deterioration of their forages 
and by the uncertainty and instability which they inject into the business. 
This is especially true of localitiss where seasonal conditions compel the 
use of unreserved public lands during intervals between winter ranch feed- 
ing and summer grazing on National forests. As an Idaho sheep man put it 
to me last summer; "Two parts of my year's business are absolutely sure - 
the winter feeding on my ranches and my summer range on the National for- 
est. But the spring and fall range in between has become a plain gamble." 

The expericnce of the last five years has, I take it, pretty well 
convinced the western stockmsn that they can not afford to own and carry 
the large areas of low grade rangs lands, such as those now lsft in the 
open public domain, which are needed to stabilize their business. If this 
is trus, it would seem 2 wise policy to rstain these lands in public owner- 
Ship and sxtend over them soms form of protection and control sufficient 
to keep up their productivity and stabilize their use by the established 
stock growers of the region. In fact, I fail to see how the livestock in- 
dustry can be put uvon 2 stable footing in mny parts of the west until 
this is done. 

Many areas of unreserved public range adjoin National forests and 
form parts of natural range units which lie chiefly within the National 
Forests. in scores of cases, lacal stockmen have patitioned to have such 
grazing lands added to the Nationel forests. Ina rew cases this has been 
done by Congrassional action, but in many others it has been blocked by 
ths opposition of the interior Department. I bolisve that this situation 
Should be mst by a law which would authorize the President to add such graz- 
ing lands to 2 National forgst upon a patition froma majority of the local 
Stockmen who use the range. Such additions should not be made under any 
color of timber growing or watsrshed protection but for the stated purpose 


| 


Ce a ee a AL a eT a ee 


a 


of protecting aad regulating the use of grazing land. Tnatever may be do 
with the rest of the open public rang3s, there can be-.no questicn that the 
strips and patches forming parts of natural range units cut tarough by a 
Wational Forest boundary can be handled most economically by the Wrest 
SGrvics. 

As to the remaining public grazing lands which do not tie in 
with aay ilational forest, 1 advocates a law which would authorize the 
dent to estaplish Netional fanges vpon petition from a majority of th 
stockmen now using the arcas concerned. Hers again, let the initiative 
rest with the men who use ths range and who are in the best position to 
judge wasther they wili be benefited by public protection and control. oie 
the administration of such arcas after they have been established 1 would 
also recognize by law the participation of advisory boards of local users 
aloag the same lines as they have becn racognized in the grazing business 
on the National Forests. 

I may porhavs be pardoned for thiuking that the Morest Service, with 
its 17 years' experience in working on these problems in cooperation with 
stockmen 211 over the West and with the organization it has built up combia- 
ing practical grazing men with experts of technical training, is the best 
equippsd Federal agency to handle a development of this character. 1 firaly 
believe that the Secretary of Agricultura - one of whose chief duties is to 
work out a national program for the most effective use of land — is the 
best qualified Federal exccutive to shape and direct such a policy. ‘The 
forest Service has steadily built its orgenization for grazing work — both 
investigative and administrative - on a par with its organization for timber 
work, and will continue to do so. lf Jongress and the stock industry want 
us to tackle this new job, we vill give it the best we have; and we will be 
veady to expand cur functions or broaden our official designation or take 
any other steps necdful to give range administration its proper recognition. 

~“But'the csssntial point is not Woo will Go) the jobs it 1s racer 
that the job be done. The question of jurisdiction is mch less important 
than the need for this stern in stabilizing the uss and assuring the perma-— 
nent value of all of our puolic ranges, and in waking them all play their 
full wart in creating @ sounder uwnd more prospsrous livestock industry. 
I believe that the western stock business would be better off to-day if the 
bill for w~ublic range administration which was drafted by Mr. Potter and 
widely discussed about seven ycars ago had become a law, and I commend to 
your association the wisdom of somes action along this line as an essential 
step for the future security of your interests. 


AS If LOUZS To AN CUP MeL Dak 
by Ernest Winkler, D-4 


In the good old days when as a Ranger i was struggling to iearn the 
nomenclature of forest trees, wrestling with the formidablo forms, thcught 
it neccessary to ride Sb to 40 miles per day to hold my job, was trying to 
teach the stockman or timber opcrator something I didn't know anything about 
myself, and posing in the Little community where 1 lived as a bureau of for- 
est information, together with my newly acquired wife and one baby, 1 thought 
the Ranger was the busiest man in the world. I still think so. 

Then in the Supervisor's office, where the office hours were as long 
as the wife would refrain from calling a halt, or physical endurance would 
stand no more, 1 thought the District office consisted of an organization 
wnose Chief function was to conjure up soms naw freak ideas to cause the 
field additional worry. Un this I've partly changed my mind, and that to the 
extent of taking the "conjure" and the "froak" out of it. 

In the District office Ll thought I found the opportunities for cre- 
ating troubie and disturbing peace of mind multiplied many times - Washington 
office and Supervisor - with importance in the order named. i haventt en- 
tireiy changed my mind yet. 

In Washington, I still have been unable to put my finger on the guys 
that cause the trouble. Here I find another source, none other than the 
yecretary's office and the "Board of Directors," the great Congress of the 
United States. The lettsr in particular are the ones here that create the 
hoart throbs and hair pullings for the higher ups, and, believe me, they 
keep busy. 


2 
Le 


ee ee Se ree ee a mt wm | 


&S 12 LOOK Ay AN CURSE Res (Cont.) | 
i A ee aba nat certain ihe iri dic ee Lies.: Perhaps thére's somo 
responsibility all. along the linc. Congress crowds the Washington office, 
the Washington office crowds the Distr: et, ‘the istrict the Supervisor, tha 
‘Supervisor the aangers, and the people are crowding us all. Why not? What 
‘ds it that keeps us busy other .than ‘the eTfort to: aris the standard set 
all along the lins? What is it other than keeping constantly busy - ‘thet has 
titi the enviable record for accomplishment the Oeics en leys and that 
$s: recognized not only by the. gntire Departmont but by the public? at 
i. ¢..: Dhroughout: my isxperience, from Ranger ito a detail in. the Washington 
ORRIGS Ihave found a constant line of varnest mon-and women striving to 
maintain and :turthsr develop the’ record for doing things. Let us hope that 
we Will contizue to be a busy organization. Are we doing unnecessary things? 
Many have implied that w2 arc, but few, if any, have been able to point out 
where. That, however, is a a se Ar for another story. 
7 Le he i : 4 
THS ? i LAS “STAND 
a ee a! ia cee bishop > DLeunies 7, ial gheny, 
“Ho arts ae aee " an°carca of five or six hundred acres, belonging to 
the Whseler and ‘Dusenbury Lumber Gompany, ‘contains the only remaining stand 
. of old-growth white.pine in:the Hast, this” ‘yaluable tree having long since 
-.., mgachad the vanishing point. in this’ geetion. ‘The history of this stand 
dates back to 1809, when the familids of Wheeler end Tusenbury first engaged 
© dn lumbering operations on tho: hdddwaters of he Allegheny. By 1850 rela- 
feocge: args timber. ae ee had bden’ ian) by this company within what is 
7 the southwestern corne m Of ‘the ALY sen eny- ‘Purchase Unit and ‘sawmilling was 
deeun, THs first mill, was one of 21 mills operating on Pionesta Greelt within 
& distanco of 20 miles. 4 
-» » In 1665, after many’ ydars of: unshtisfactory. operation, Mir. N. P. 
Wheelsr, 5Sr., became manager of the holdings and imnediately put into effect 
. cons tractive and far-seeing “policios. ‘ Much waste was' Liminated by, the closer 
., utilization practiced; high stwaps were cut off ‘and Long butts which had been 
hitherto left in the wocds ‘were @ollseetéd and shipped to a shingle mill, and 
; other forms of waste: wer. cligsky watehed and transformed into useful and 
profitable products. After instituting reforms in whilieoion, Mr. Wheeler 
_turned-his attention to keeping “fire out o'f -th’e’ woods ard, regardless of 
cost, any fire which aven remotely menaced the Wheeler a Dusenbury holdings 
_was fought to a finish. For 60. years this ‘property Has had the benefit of 
effectual fire protection .and. the present’ m nagement is: fully cohvineed that 
such protection has bcen more. than’ justified by the results. eet 
In 1919, when 32 acres off second growth’ vas cut over, ‘the operation 
yisided an, average of S03 cords of chemigal Wood, 26: railroad “tics, and 12 
“board faet, of sawtimber per acre... This' second eaprine was’ 35 years after 
, the area was first: logecd off ae did. not includs the hemlock, ynich WaS eB 
‘timatsd to comprise cO per cent of the stand. This company owns many thou- 
_Sands. of acres of comparable young: igrowth.: ‘Their entire holdings of 46,000 
“acre 2S in. its virgin condition averaged: fromh 40 to 50 thousan’. feet. of saw 
stuff, 8 cords of chemical wood.,;and 5 cerds of’ hetlock’ ba ari’ per acre. 
“Torday, ‘“Hearts Gontent!"” boasts of holding in its confines, the last 
stand of virgin castern white pine, the trees avGragine” from’ 2uu to 35U’ years 
old. Singl: trees in this stand have cut as many as ten 16-foot logs and 
5,000 board feet, A single, one-quarter.acre has been estimated to carry 
DBL ,UL0 board feet. Sigalls last stand is of ay, ste SEL Gul tine a large 


Le 


per gout, whe higher, grades. aA 

; phe oe estes nagement Asa fea eikdd by the lessons in Glose cele 
‘tion giG. firs protegtion. A‘supply of natural gas has been devel Oped .and 

_ piped te Bhe milis to be used as ‘fucl instecad ‘of the sawdust WaiGts is saved 
ard sold, saipped to Niagara alls to reappear as ‘carborundum. The smallest 
Sized material manufactured at the mil} is J" by, Bay Vem eeigiy 


; the results of the lumboting erst ticns’on this 40 ,000= ~acre elaine 

au won Mr. Wheeler to :¢he opinion that it would havs boon ent 3 noLy. prof- 
table and practi¢ablo to have organized cutting on a outa veal rases.' "1% 

is expected, howovor, that..this tract will ba a'vailabl > Sov pur ghe'ge by, the 
Government at the end of the.msxt% 8 or 10 years, when this cous ony will have 


finished its cutting . and will begin opsrations Ee aS ‘vast holdings of red- 
wood and other western species on the Pacific Coast, 


wi hee 


——————————— 


ONS BRIGHT SAT IN THE GLOOM 
By V Will C. Barnes, Washington 


In the midst of a multitude of discouraging reports from our Super- 
visors covering denuded:rang2s, low rainfall, starving cattl: and sheep, 
‘discouraged stockmen, drought, and misfortune gencrally, it is a joy to 
‘¢alze Up the Mono report covering grazing matters on that rest for the 
past year. Here at least is one National Forest whers, during the year 
1922, the rainfall has been above normal, the forage excellent, the stock 
coming onto the forest in the spring in fair Shape, and Leaving it in the 
fall in first class condition; to know that the cattlemen vere able to 
Spend several thousand dollars for blooded bulls; and that the sheepmen 
~ get excellent prices for their lambs and wool. Raking it all togethsr, 

‘ the stock interests in and around the Mono séem to bs.in every way in a 
most satisfactory condition as. Comparcd with other forests and other parts 
of ‘the country. . 


FO\aR PUMP AGAIN 
By 5. WW. Kelloy,. Washington 


Recently the Oakland, Valifornia, branch of the Evinrude’ Motor Company 
demonstrated the portable firc pump manufactured by the Bri arpae URGE Com 
pany: be fore several District Five forest officers. 

Here is District Five's report of the demonstration; 

Un January <5 the local agant of the Evinrude Motor Company nee 
strated ‘the Evinrude Unit and Centrifugal pump to a number of TiS pete offics 
- men. The demonstration was held at the San Lorenzo Dam. 
itoy godihe outfit consis ted of the Zvinrude two cylinder, two. cycle, 4- = ie 
P. gas: engine with’ one avinrude built in’ fly wheel Magnsto, gravity feed car- 
buretor,. and a Special gasy Starting dcvice. Th2 engine connscts dire ctly 
_to.a Viking 15‘ inch high pees Sune pump. The ome te.outfit ypiges ab ous 
99 pounds. . eee 

The pump'was vlac 2d Ea £5 fest from the dam and aiyaake ‘five feet 
-above the surfac> of the watere ja °: 

mm . \dnthe first test 50Q feet of nea was laid uphill to a he ent of 

" about. 15U feet above the elevation: of the pump. This threw a very intense 
Stream sufficiznt to dampon any ordinary fire. It is cstimated that’ the 

Stream reached at least 50 to 6U"fe et ana the nozzle and about Oi feet 

. in elevation, 

In the second test test 1,650. ‘tock of 15 inch linen fire hose was laid out 


_. reaching a height of about 125 feet Above the level .of the pump. With 4 3- 


inch nozzle, it is estimated that.it delivered about 24 gallons per mimte 
_ and threw a very excellent stream of water 50 feet beyond the nozzle. . With 
this linen hose the hose friction was equal to probably 45 to OU feet head, 
Bekins a total head of at least 170° feet. 
in the third test the. hose was laid out ‘about 950 feet ata hades 

of approximately 30 feet above the level of the pump. This threw a strea 
at least three times as great as in the second test to a distance of shout 
100 feet. : 

1+ gallons of gas will. run this pump from three to three and one-half 

hours. It takes one-half pint of medium oil to one gallon of gas, The oil 
is mixed directly with the gas, This pump is 4 very compact unit and has 
every appearance of efficiency. It is hoped that this District can in the 
, near future purchase three or fours 


WASHINGTON No UTES 


Valus_of a Woodlot: A woodlot on cvery farm, maintained under the rules of 
Scicntific forestry, drawn upon for fuel annually, would make about half of 
the population of Canada wholly independent of the coal miners and the coal 
mine operators in the matter, of keeping the home fires, burning. -- forestry 
News Letter. Dept. Int. Canada, 


Nintor "on? In most forest Service writing, things usually are "on" or 
happen "on'' a National Forest instead of "in" it. here is so mich timber 
on the Santiam forest; there were such and such firss on the Modoc. John 

Dos is a Ranger on the Inyo. Is this usage correct? .I doubt’ its Gorrect- 
ness even in such old stand-bys as "on-and-off," Certainly if we were speak- 


t of an ordinary forest, we should say "in." non" e 
$28 OF Pamen WS. ) y On" must sound a little off 


Al, 


; 
: 
( 


| 
Gems _ from _ths Rangor =xam. Papors: "Tho two principal resources of the Na- 
tional 1 Forests are lumber and shingles. Lumber and paper from the cot ton- 
woods." 

"Methods of Cen on lavel and hilly country differ: where the 
land:is-very rough not a great deal of chaining can be done, the sun hides 
behind high trees, which makes it hard to get a solar. Then the magnetic 
nsedle jumps around too much to get a line," 


He Knows: Henry Hardtnor is practicing forestry on 50,000 acres of cut-over 
land in Lowisian@ and paying the cost out of his own pocket. _He knows what 
hs is talking about when he says:* "Anyone can grow trées ~ there are no 
difficult problems to overcome - trees will grow anywhers = and they grow 
AEH and day, winter and summer; drought aan flood. It is a sure crop."-- 
Ws S. 


yeaah more or loss sean sh ia the FONE cite oe doors, Aerators Sabin 
net work; and other products, were visited by kr. T..R. Truax during his, . 
western trip. Gonsidsrablé information was sccured on the cutting and dry-. 
ing of vénaér: and the gluing of the western woods, The western species which 
wers being glucd more or less extensively inélude Douglas fir, red alder, 
Oregon maple, Oregon ash, western cottonwood, western yellow pine, Sitka 
“Spruce, hémlock, and ee eeak ‘Eouglas fir is cut inte veneer for gluing in 
largs peneaeias: and used principally for doors ‘and interior finish, Alder 
is ‘used: conside srably* for cor2s in furniture’ panels and is preferred for this 
purpose by. most users of western specics, ash, maple, and cottonyvood are 
also used in: connection with furniture manufacture both in veneer and thick 
stock. Spruce is:cut into venser and glucd into panels. to a limited extent, 


while vertical enon SURE hemlock, and redwood ‘are used somewhat for core 
stock. 


Industrial Courses Toe allele 0 eauelet The January courses given at the 
Laboratory wers attended by 26 representatives of various industrics. Most 
of these cams from the Gentral States, but. there were some who came from 
Atlantic. and Pacific Coast States, In th; Seasoning course there were ll, 

in ths gluing class 6, and in thé box course there were 7 MN Seay iaysets aia 
Enrollment in all ey els was much ete down because of the business erecqeton 
in 411 these industriss. 


DISTRECT 2 - ADCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


fhe Department of Agriculture Exhibit at the National Western Stcck Show in 
Denver was handled by the Forest Service and the Biological Survey. The 
Forest Service showed through a very realistic scene, ths devastating ef- 
fect of fire both on the forest and on wild life in the forest, .-Also, there © 
* was a very interesting display of Colorado grasses end poisonous plants, and 
two models showing the results, rospectively, of open herding and close herd- 
ing of sheep. The Biological’ Survey prese snted models and mounted specimens 
illustrating the importance of the present predatory animal campaign in Colo- 
rado and the effort to cxterminate prairie dogs and other rodents. It:is 
estimated that approximately 40,000 visited this exhibit. favorable comments 
were heard on all sides about its attractiveness. 


The District. Investigative Committees held its anual mscting in January. In 
addition to the representatives in the District office, this meeting: was at- 
tsnded by Silviculturist ¢. G. Bates of the Fremont Station, and Deputy 
Supervisor Huntor of the Holy Cross.  Projects..of particular interest to For- 
est Management, which were approved for study next season, were the estab- 
lishment of reproduction plots in cut-over and denuded areas,:so that it will 
be possible to detormine the success of our mothods of cutting: in sccuring 
reproduction and to know how rapidly our burns are reproducing. Also, it 

was. recommended that plots be established in lodgspols pins cut-over areas 
trying out different msthods of brush disposal. 


a5u' 


SG (ombad sate 13 ..cit_ WOE. 
Forest Zxaminzr Johnson's 2 ene on "ha Influonce of the Forest: in Retard- 
ing Run-off.as Brought out by the Pusblo Flood," which was priht ed in 
"Water Resources" for Dicesmber, .1922; has’ been received ‘in this offic? ‘in 
the form of 2 rsprint. for distributions, -& ‘Limited number of copies ar? - 
available for ‘this purpose, : tena ve Dey . 


P._ nr. Uppo ebund ie Supervisor Vales mads yss-of it and achieved results. The 


narrative starts with an announcemert by. .the Supervisor in & Prescott paper 
concerning or plan for handling Christmas: tre 36S), . Tho’ te sacher ge 2 country 
school down in th: desert country, fifty miles or. mors off thz forest, read 


the announcement and was intsrsstécd. She wrots ths Prescott, watine that 

a tree would be groatly apprsciated and while it would not be practicable to 
come for it, if one pene bs soent:: ell sxpense:would be gladly met. Deputy 
iunro arrange d for a trée:to be gotton out and sont. The affair apparently 
impressed the tzacher and ‘the school, for. it: Was’ made !the: occasion for &@ gene 
sral lcttzr-writing lesson,* The Pre scott office has rec2ived no le SS “than 
twenty. The composition and penmanship ‘indicate that, the Losson was handled 
by prac tically all of the grades while the subject’ matter shows thet fire pre 
vention and other FQRes tay ldcas baie be on discussed \ with the classos, 

Troe Rings: That. variations’ an the whatth of bee rings are determined by cli- 
matic conditions, and thnt climatic conditions in turn are closely related 

to solar actizity. ‘is the thsory being worked on by Dr. A. 3.’ Douplas of ‘the 
‘University, of. Arizona, in regions. of teager. raiufall annual growth agrees ver 
Closely with th2 precipitation curves Thus it happens that tHe yellow ‘pines 
of northern: Arizona’ have provided -axecellent materiel for ‘Dr.’ Douglas" study. 
Trunks of prehistoric. Pines rosently excavated near Flagstaff at a depth of 
16 fst below the prssent ground surfacs point to a much heavier rainfall in 
early ages than in modern timss. The use of tre: rings as an index of cli- 


matecin pe 2riods antedating. instrumental records has ise Seeds ‘possibilitics © in 
long rang? weathsr forecasting.. 


more st t Services an asst 2t_to. Bond la neet A firm, of « aenidnie it barkers is 
Sending out printed circulars to bond buyers in a markst campaign on Albu- . 
“querqu paving bonds, among thy albuquargue assots that make ‘ths bonds es- 
pecially attractive is mentioncd th2 fact that albtquerque “is ‘the headquar- 
ters of ths Southwes tern He ates he for s 3st Se 2PViCs. 


After It's Ovar:. The one consoling PPeatuns ana a vacation is the fact that - 
you can get back to work and nepUnere bese S ante! a 


DISTAIO? 4. - INTS SQUNE bal “DISTRICT ° 


Grazing _ Experiments on the iinigoka: Supervisor Ri, DetGarver” of ‘th? ‘wind dox 
sstablished a numbsr'of quadr2ts.:for the ae be of pa en ‘the; value 
of proper grazing scason. At two places,’ ons at middle, and ae other at 
high elevation on the summsr range, he fa established bnoeé: ets of quadrats, 
one quadrat in cach set is entirely protected, one is 13ft oped to eraaite, 
and the third is open to grazing, during what is considered the’ ideal . Srezing 
season, which opens approximately two. wesks later than: the present ssason in 
force, Ata lower olevation noar tho forest boundary there are ‘also. two quad- 
rats, one cnelosed and. the other. opan to grazing the whole season-long. ° Thesa 
piots ar2 placed whero they can-casily be seen by stockmen and others ‘passing 
throvgh the country. Tho idea is to show how much improvement* can be ob- 
tained by the use of a grazing s3ason opening at the proper date, and how 


3 


closs conditicns can come to those ob tainzd Bnde Yr cemple te prote se tion by this 
means. 


. 


Studies of Msh Stom2chs: During tho fall the stomachs of a number of trout 

taken at Fish Laks wor2 placed in formalin by the local #orest officers and 

sont to the Burcau of Fisheries for oxamination. The ‘analysis cf the stom- 

achs shows that over 90 p:r cent of the food of the trout ther2 consists of 

the scuds or so-called fresh water shrimps. The collections are to be con- 

tinusd next soason. .If the shrimps continue tc form such a lare;> proportion 
of the dict in a lake as prcductive as Fish Lako, it will indicate a remerk 
ably high valu2 for them as fish food. They are dependant on aquatic vege- 


oroaduatinr 


tation for food and sh2lt:r, so thz value of such growth to fish 


= : =. ’ ~- 


DISTRICT 4 (Cont. ) 


or 


Can You Beat This? Comss now Ranger MeGinness claiming to have the most sner- 
getic permittce on the Porost. Said permittee on being "bumped" for his dc 
linguent grazing fees berrowed ilac's bobsleds, went out. on.the Forest and 
stols a load of Governmsnt wood, which he procecacd to. ssll, and made prompt 
payment of his grazing facs. Dogs this como*under S-29, " tnergoney Use," Re Es 
or is it plain traspass?--Wsiser, . f ae 


DISTAL LT 2 _- Ja LI ai DISTRICT 


SS RET 


S—epamane Leader: In’addition to acting & aS mayor, gounerinen, marshall, 

and moral consor of the Big’ Santa Anita spacial use tract, Ranger Bawwand 
of the Angolcs has been requéstsd tc dispose of tho cats ihhabiting the cane 
yon bocaus3, as one of ths permittces statas, they are killing all the song- 
birds, .What noxti!t . 5 


An Ethiopian Dser Story: Threo men, one ‘of thom of African de (yor appeared 
in the Sonora office a’ faw days : 2g0 carrying 8 vory small buck with horns 
just beginning to sprout. While driving an automobile between. Standard and 
Sonora they hzd secon th: frightened deer try to jump through 2 fences by the 
roadsid3, fall back to the ground and lic there apparently hs slpless. ON @X- 
amination thsy found that its spine had bocn injured, probably broken, Just 
above the hips, and that the hind legs wors paralyzcd,. Said the: colored 
gontleman; "Boss, «h craves a written.puhmit boforc 4h kills this hoah deah. | 
If ah terminates his misery mah own. self. along'il come ilistah Game Wahden iin: 
ant fifty bones of mah hahd-3arnsd monsy'll go to de Jdcdge. .Ah wants safety . 
fuhst = nothin' slso but!"--Stanislsous. Nad Sane es 


"Ma Pottengill," wade famous by Harry Leon Wilson in his SATURDAY SVENING 
BUST storics, is said to be no other than irs. Martha Cooper Hughss of Mon- 
tcrey, ons of tho great landowners of the cow country. From her husband, 
John Cooper, 2 Montorsy pioneer, she inherited thuusands of acres, and in 
the procsss of giving her personal attention to her cattle business she has 
learnsd svorything that this ocoupation has to toach. It is said that she 
Can appraise a herd of cattls as fast as hor cowpunchers can drive them past 
her 2nd also, though no longsr a young woman, that she can outdance any girl 
in Southern Jalifornia, 


darkot for Pins Necdles: M. R. Cord, head of a concern that manufactures pine 
2S bscn 1 negotiating with Siskiyou County's Jhember of Com- 
merce with 2 viow to locating a pine noedle enterprise there. His company 
uses th: 011 from the green nesdles as an ingredient in Shaun medicines, 
Soaps, tcilct prsparaticns and other articles, and also manufactures mat- 
tresses stuffed with the dry ones. 


felling it in Billboards: During the past year the Urogon Tourist @ Informa- 
tion Burcau (2 State-maintained agency) entered a new field of advertising 

tha State's scenic resources. It had painted and ersct2d 5 pictorial sign- 
boards cach iQ x 50 feet advertising Crater Lake, Orogon Caves, Mt. Hood, 
Jolumbia River Highway, Wallowa Lake Region, and the Blue Mountains. The 
Cratcr Lake sign was placed on a much traveled highway near Los Angeles; 
Oregon Caves on Pacific Highway, near San Hrancisco; Wallowa Lakes, near 

salt Laks on Lincoln Highway; Blus Mountains near Pocatello, Idaho; Columbia 
River Highway on Yellowstone Trail near Spokane; and the It. Hood sign near 
Walla Walla. four of these 5 attractions are located within National forests. 


What ths Public Thinks: Quotscd from a lotter roccived from Mr. George =. 
Wright, Seattle: 

"Whils 1 am writing to you 1 wish to take the opportunity of suggest- 
ing that mor: attention be paid to the seccnic value of trails in thair con- 
Struction by ths Forest Service. My observation leads me to belicve that the 
persons who l2y out these trails almost entirely ignore the scenic pussibil- 
itics. iny tims I have been over Arost Service trails which might have 


a] we 


ont ESL TE OT 6. Lo pmbie!) x: 


What the Pub ie Thinks (Sont. ) 


wane @° 1ittls’to this.side or.that S daseed heat additions] ‘expsnss but 
rssult or osrhaps carrying the trail towards a sconie Vicwpvint or 
user a waterfall or an intorosting stream canyon.' ean et 


LS TRIE 7 weet 
t : 
The Wititsr’ wartivel 1 ida A Was ‘prac tic: ally alANOMNE in New Zngland until 45 yoors 
ago.: <The “HOrest offic2rs 2t. Gorham at that time actively cooperated with ‘ths. 
rosidents tnd busitioss men of that towne ‘The results wero worthy of the cf” 
forts aud overyows votsd the carnival 2 dzcided suecess. | Since that date 
mny other tovns have Vakon up the. idpa, and this yoar over: twouty differcnt 
winter cernivais ars being held in New Sn¢land.. From the support given thase 
carnivals, it is ovident that. thyy. are now 4s purmancit ae estab gneen as the 
roundup" 1S ai ths SPE, Une sgos,"spills" at both oglobrataonss 


¢ 


Sarolins; : ara Now Saag in 2 pianer esha to ke a wemorial arch at’ the David- 
son River entrance to’ the ‘Pisg2h National gorost:and Game Preserve. They aré 
soliciting contributions all over the, county. .Ths present design.of this 

memorial arch calls, for ruvbl3 masonry, cons truetion with bronze Letters 12 
inchs high, NETSGAH NW.TIONAL REST AnD (alt2-PRESEAVE,'" actoss “the! arches 
4% bronzs tablet will ‘be Epes on each cf the pillars, and these tablets « 
Will beer ths names of th: men from, Transylvania Gounty? who were ‘killed dur- 
inevthe war, The” sitire Se will probably cost not! léss than $1,200. 


ey 


Service Bulletin 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


OTS Te ANOS Washington, D. Jv. February 26, 1923. 


4 NEW BILD FOR NATIONAL sURESE RY 
by 
Hsrbert A. Smith, Washington 


The latest form of preposed Federal legislation looking to a nation- 
al policy of forestry was introduced intc Jcngress by &aprssentative Clarice 
of New York on February &, and referred to the Agricultural Committee. It 
is notsbie on two. counts: It replaces the Snell bill as the measure which 
the former supportcrs of that bill now wish to see enacted, and it has the 
acarty approval of Fresident Harding himself and therefore stands before 
the country as endorsed by the edministration. 

The readers of AlizRIVAN FORISTRY will recall that hearings on the 
Sn3ll bill were held by the Agricultural Jomnittse of the House of Repre- 
Scutatives early in 1921, and again in January, 1922. They will also re~ 
call that these hsarings brought out a sharp division of opinion among for- 
esters and pther advocates of Federal legislation for a national policy 
Of forestry. This division centered mainly on the question whether the 
principls of regulation of privately owned forests should be applied 
directly by tha Fedcral Government, as the Zapper Bill contemplated, or 
Should be sought throngh cncouvreging ths enactment of State laws by offers 
of Federal coopsration. The Snell Bill also came in for criticism from 
Some advocates of regulation on the ground that its terms were too indef- 
inits to bring about any reguletion at all, and that it was at least doubt- 
ful whether 211 its supporters belisved in regulation. 

In the hearings held a year ago, Chisf Forester Greoley suggasted 
to the Committee that the program should be modified so as to include only 
Such features of the Snell Bill as could command a substantielly united 
support from the friends of forestry. Hs 2dvocated a law providing for 
edequate protection against forest fires through cooperation between the 
Federal Government, the States, aid private owners; for federal ccopera- 
tion with Statss in furtherance of NR es eaeann of denuded lands; for 
more rapid enlargement of the Wational forests through land borcnases and 
exchangss: and for 2ddition to the National forests of 211 remainiag pub- 
lic forsst lands, reserved or unreserved, wherever this is practicable. 

To this list of immediate objectives ths Mraster subsequently added 
enlarged provision for investigations, experiments, and demonstrations in 
the interest of battar uss of forests and forest products. The Secretary 
of Agriculture in his amual report lest fall urged the same legislative 
program. The Jlarks Biil substantially emvocdiss this policy. President 
Harding's approv2l1 of the provisions of th? Bill in @ lstter to Congress- 
man Jlarke following its introduction makes it in the fullest sense an ad- 
ministratiou measure. 

While its enactment in the short tims bsfore the present Conzrsss 
sxpires is impossible, its formulation is of large significancs. 


“PENNY WISE, PUUND “ OLISH" 
By The Fire Eater, D-5 


Ons of the biggsst problems that the Forest Service faces to-day is 
tc reduce the number of mn-caused fires which occur sach year in the Nation- 
“1 torests. If this is truce, and for once it seems that we are all unani- 
mous on the proposition, isn’t it about tims we were digging down to get at 
fas root of the cvil? Zach year we spend considerable time, to say nothing 
of gray matter, figuring out new and improved methods of fire detection and 
suppression, control, elapsed time, tools, forms and what not; and in the 
face of all this the number of fires dus to Mmman agency is steadily in- 
creasing. What's wrong? Have we bsen putting the cart before the horse? 

Who sets the fires, anyway? Usually we chergs them to railroads, 
campers, Smokers, hunters, incendiaries, brush burners and the like, which, 
boiled down to the sssence moans "more man,'"' He is the fellow we ought to 
be getting after, and a 1U0,000,LUL0 more of his kind. There is where the 

Scat of the whole trouble lics, and there’s where we mist apply the cure. 
aid that cure is not going to be brought about, either, by buying long- 
handled shovels or putting on 2n extra force of forest guards in the danger- 
ous season. 

There are just two ways you can "get under a man’s hide," so to speak, 
on the firs problem. One is through the process of the law, and the other is 
by cducation. The first is effective byt harsh, and the second more easy to 
swallow, but not so effective, unless you keep everlasting “ly at it. But edu- 
cation, I believs, is the most effective, becauss it 2ppe2ls to the better 
Sense and makes 2 more lasting impression. 

Granted wo must sducatse the public to be careful with fire, let's 
look over the credit side of our balance sheet in this regard. Here we find 
fire signs, illustrated lectures and addresses, booklsts carrying fire warn- 
ings, Cooperative 2greements, press items, personal contact, and - - and 
- - Not many of them, are therc, when you coms to count them up on your 
fingers? And what have we put into 211 theses in the way of money? Why, noth- 
ing much except a fow odds 2nd ends of dollars that may be lying around loose 
in the Districts or ot Washington. These are the things that have heretofore 
aiways becn put down at the bottom of the list - whether it called for time, 
woney or work. We have been too busy sslling timber 2nd forage and fighting 
to keep from burning it up to bother much about educational and informational 
work, and little things like personal contact and getting the man on the 
street wholensartedly behind us in the fire game. 

Isn't it tims ws were putting our best foot (and a bit of cash) fore- 
most on this part of the job? "A penny saved is a penny sarnsd," they say, 
but it sure isn’. when it comes to the fire game, especially if you save it 
through failing to educate the man who sets the fires. 


ARCTHER KNOCK-OUT WR "LIGHT BUANING" 
By Ward Shepard, Washington 


"The man that deliberately burns the woods year aftsr year is not 
only doing an injury to himself, but he is burning his children and grand- 
Children out of the lumber business, the grazing business, and the farming 
business,"--S. WW. Greene, Sunt. of Coastal Plain Sp. Station, McNeill, Miss. 


WHAT IS PHS MATTSR WAT 


— an: ee 


Ui L v. 
By FP. G. @édington, B-5 


The article by Mr. Kieipp in the January 22nd Service Bulletin is 
written with 2 pessimistic tone which is not cheractsristic of the esutlemn. 
Psrhaps hs was fishing for 2 riss. in order to cheer up the Chief or Lands, 
7% hastsn to present the situation which confroats us in the California Dis-— 
trict. 

No doubt we all had visions oir a "land office business” in oxehanges 


@s soon 2s a gensral law was sffective. Looking back, however, on all simi- 
lar movements of this cheracter we ae that, like a rolling snowball, they 


start slowly but rapidly acquirg: size and speed. In the \V/sst, at least, 

the acquisition of private lances for dr ast purposes is something new. “We 
have neither So veiit a sesie prices nor adams. Consequcntly, miny owners of 
the kind of land we want to acquire are sitting back waiting for some one 
slse to start the bald rolling. 


ed 


Immediately upon notice that ths general land exchange law was of- 
fsctive, we received a number of offers to exchange. Investigation showed, 
however, that these first comers were all looking for a deal of distinct 
advantage to themselves, and the fact that all of this kind of offers have 
been given a cold shoulder has apparently seepsd through with a consequent 
discouraging effcct on others, if absence of applications of this kind is 
an indicator. | ' 

Later wo bogan to receive offers that meant business, and right now 
we have on file applications that involve 9,000 acres of base lands, about 
75,000 acres of which are cut-over lands of the kind ws want to acquire. 

Now thess 75,000 acres, with the merchantable timber remaining on 
them, are easily worth $250,000. All of these vsople want stumpage in ex- 
change for cut-over lands. 

Cur timber sals recaipts last year were $663,000, and, according to 
the Manual, we should not ordinarily approve land exchanges within any State 
during any single year that will involve a reduction of more than 10% in 
timber sale receipts. Ten per cent of $663,090 is $66,500, and 4 times 
$66,500 .is $265,000. 

; Therefore, if only the exchange propositioas now on hand are approved 
and the Manual restrictions are complied with, we gan not handle any new 
business for the next four years. Such being the facts, is it desirable to 
go out and drum up a lot of nay exchange business, with the resultant in- 
Crease in field and office work, when we have in sight more than can be 
handled in accordance with the regulations? Also, under these circumstances, 
is 1t good policy to go out and drum up new business when we. are not in 4 po- 
Sition to go through with the exchange without considerable delay? 


TAGGING THE ELC 
By W. ©. Barnes, Washington 


For some time the desirability of identifying the various bands of 
elk in the Yellowstone region has secmed important if we are to understand 
their yearly range movements and learn as-.to possible change of habitat. 

To this end the matter was taken up with the Biological Survey and the Park 
Services, with the result that the Biological Survey has purchased and for- 
warded to the elk feeding stations in the Jackson Hole region and also to 
the Park people a lergs namber of metal tags which will be placed upon the 
younger elk 2s they come into the corrals at Gardiner and Jackson for feed 
during the winter. These tags ars numbered and dated and will be placed in 
the cars of the animals in the hope that whenever 2 tagged animal is killed 
by hunters or found dead from other causes, the tag will be taken from the 
¢arcass and forwarded to the Biological Survey in order that a check may be 
mide of the particular animal from which it was taken. 

There is a firm belief in the minds of many of us that at the pres- 


‘ent time some of the Jackson Hole elk are migrating eastward over the Con- 


tinental Divide 2nd down into the heesdwaters of the Shoshone River east of 
the Park. There is also 2 genoral belief that there is 2 direot inter- 
mingling of the Jackson Hole herd with the Fark herd in the northern part 

of the Park. This tagging business will cnablse us to learn something about 
these movements 2nd will undoubtedly be of great value in the working out of 
future plans for the improved manadgoment of the elk herds in that vicinity. 


AGAIN THE ULD URDE2 CHANGETH 
By ©. # Korstian, Appalachian forest Dxperiment Station 


ror many yoars hemlock bark, so far as the writer is informed, was 
the only coniferous matcri2l used in the tanning industry in this country. 
It is, therefore, of interest to find an extract plant which hes been using 
red spruce bark for the production of tamic acid. This plant,which is lo- 
cated in West Virginia, has been obtaining yields of 9 to 11 per cent of 
tannic acid and occasiomlly as high 2s 12 per cent from the sprucsa. Be- 
Cause Of peculiar conditions connectad with the administration of this oper- 
ation, the spruce bork is commending $14 per ton, $2 more than hemlock bark - 
& diffsrential occasioned in part by the greater cost of exploitation of the 
Spruce bark. Although the cxtracts from both speciss 2re made to 25 per 
Cont tannin, that from the spruce is lighter in color than the hemlock, due 


a 


(Cont. } 


possibly to the higher percentage of non-tannins. The extract sells at 

| about ‘1=¢ per pound in the liquid form and 5-6¢ in the powder form. There 
is stiil ‘seme prejudice in the trade against the spruce extract, although 
Ons leather concorn has been purchasing 211 spruce extract. 


SHR EDITOR SAYS: 


This magazine has attained an ee-normous circulation and weekly gives 
mich joy to a wide circls of readers. However, as Horace Greeley would have 
Said, you can't run a papsr on hot air, and we are now advertising the fact 
that 1 right smart lot of our rcaders haven't paid up their subscriptions 
for 1923, 
Furthermors, the field scason is hzaded. our way, end we're afraid 
it will prove an unanswerable alibi against said payments if we don't head 
it off. We wish, thsrefore, to ask that all delinquents kick in with con- 
tributicus that will tide us over ths lean months this summer. The editor 
will appreciate them and can attend to his job much more cheerfully than 
will ‘otherwise be the cass. Sekaht 

WASHINGTON NOTES 


Se 


have observed that these meetings recently,passed ths 10u0 mark. The Com- 
_mittee thus gets into the class of talkative Scheherazade with her thousand 
and one Arabian Nights. 
As Shakespsare heth if, 
"Like as the waves mike toward ths psbbled shore 
5o do our i2NUTES hasten to their end." 


But he was wrong. °Phe end is nowhers in sight.--Smoke Chaser. 


Se ee 


fudge on his last return? Had he left out some income items which those gum 
shoers in the Income Tax divisionhad dug up on him? What was the penalty — 
for such tricks?" These and ‘several other questions romped merrily through 
his brain. The letter was opened as gingerly as if it was known to hold 2 
bomb or sentence of death. 

His worst fears’ were:-N U Tirsalized. ‘Innocent as a baby" was his 
montal comment. From that officizl lstter dropped 2 Treasury warrant for 
exactly 20 gold dollars. Hs was informed thet a check of his return showed 
an crror in his favor of that omount which was herewith remitted, etc., etc. 
Oh, Boy! this @int sucha bad world arter all. What a fine day itis to .peum 
sure.--W.0.B. 


Kosher," an intsresting articls: by Will C. Barnes, appears in the January 
issue of THE PRODUCER. The articls deals with Mosaic law as it affects for- 
bidden and permitted foods. 


FOREST ProOUCTS LABURATORY 


—- 


different hard woods and the strength of the same, 2nd so forth. I thank 
you kindly for your prompt reply to my inquiry. 

You ask. Do I requires any more information, I will say. WNo thanks. 

Though I say no thenks. Still although I have said so 1 must admit 
that I never knew thet you peopls were 2s-well informed 0 wood 2s you are 
till I read your circulars. and 2s I have stated in the foregoing that I 
thankfully decline any further information 02 wood. At the same tims I was 
wondering whether or not you pz0pls could give 2.cause why ths top of the 
hemlock-tree 2lways leans to the cast. I have noticed it in northern for- 
asts. And even in Washington, D. J. where the trees had been transplanted. 
But I will ask you to vleas3 go to no trouble in the matter for my 
saks3. 

So you need not reply to it." 


4. 


HURRST FAuGUJTS LABLRAVERY (Cont. ) 


Get Burbank on This Job: "Has thers been any attempt made to cross Jack Pine 
with White Pine? It occurred to the writer that if it would be possible to 
do this thors will be vast areas of barren land which could be made produc- 
tive for a better tree than Jack Pine. If we could get the good qualities 
of the White Pine combined with the wonderful reproduction of the Jack rine, 
it will sure make some tree." 

This recalls part of a talk given at Battle Creek, Michigan, by Dr. 
Kellogg of sanitarium fams, in which he raverred onthusiastically to the 
possibilitics of promoting health through proper food, if all the forest 
trees could be crossed with nut trees, so that edible mits 4s well as tim 
ber could be produced, 


pisparc? 2 - ~_ FO CKY MOUNTALN DIS TILCT 
Sucervisors' Mécting: Ths Supervisors! Mecting was held ths week of #ebruary 
5 to 10 and ull the 26 Supervisors wers present. The papers were well pre-e 
pared and thorovehly discusscd. 

All the Supervisors and visitors were guests of the Federal Meld 
Club at luncheon on Tuesday, Fobruary 6, and before the Denver Commercial 
Association at noonday luncheon Hriday, Mbruary 9. . 

It is interesting to note that of the 26 forsst Supervisors in Dis- 
trict Two, 12 are members of local commercial clubs, 4 are Rotarians, 3 are 
Lions, 1-is 4 Kiwanian and 1 4a Kanotin. Total of 16 ars members of commer» 
cial or som3 one of the scrvics clubs mentioned. 

The following were guests 2t the Supervisors’ Meseine: Cros, Hoar, 
in charge of Weeks Law coopsration in the Lakes States; C0. G. Bates, Silvi- 
culturist; J. joeser, Sorest Txaminer; 2. D. Garver, Supervisor Minidoka 
N. Fe, D4; L. GC. Stockdale, Assistant District forester D-l; P. D. Kelieter, 
Forest Inspector; I. #, Sldredgs, forest Inspector; Smith Riley, Biological 
ourvey. 


Nebraska Lectures; H. N. Wheelsr, Ghief of Public gelations, was in Nebraska 
during January delivsring lectures on forestry» He talked to various organi- 
zations, high schools and collegss, reaching 10,500 people in 16 towns. Ths 
itinerary was arranged by the Nebraske State Forestry Association. The lec- 
turer emphasized espociclly the shortage of timber, the great need for refor- 
estation sad the particuler opportunities in Nebraska, pointing out espe- 
cially the work that is being dons by ths Forest Servics in that State. 

There was the keenest interest manifest and the newspapers in each town gave 
considsrable space in news itsms and elso in editorials. 


How Txhibits Pay: At one of ths Southwestern fairs last fall a building con- 
tractor, after viewing ths part of the forest Services exhibit that per- 
taincd to the forest Products Laboratory and talking with the man in chargs 
bout timber testing, stated that had hs known about the tasts of ciwsnsion 
timbcrs that had besn made by the Laboratory and had had a table of compari- 
Sons, that he would probably have saved close to 2 fifth of the Gimension 
lumber he had vat into 2 job he had just completed. Not knowing just what 
Sizes of various kinds of lumber would be necessary to carry given weights, 
he had put in over sizes that had tod be milled espscislly and at special 
cost in order to be surc.. His margin had ben figured so close that the ex- 
tra cost made the job 2 loss whsna saving of even a sixth, he stated, would 
have made it pay out and anything more would have yielded a profit. 
Normaley: The multitudinous circumambulations of ths property checker among 
the labyrinthine cae a eae Or the) Drstriet Gxitice are cnded. Hor a 
time he wielded a wicked 2 H but the strain is over. Oh! these property 
returns. As a whole the Beer was 2 success. Many unknown articles wers 
located. It was raported that a keyhole was missing in Lands, but on fur- 
ther investigation it was found wrapped around an escaping recreational plen. 
Considereble difficulty was encountered by the carelessness of stonographers 
in not getting a correct count on the stavles in the Hotchkiss fasteners. 


-5— 


DISPUCT 3 (cout. ) 

Normaley (Cont.) 
This resulted in a failure of minds to meet in the balance sheet. This ad= 
parent discrepancy, however, was partially offset by the discovery of 10,00U 
Sem clips in various st2gcos of rep2ir bravely supporting range appraisal maps. 

Following ths drive a "no soliciting" sign which had been marked as” 
missing was located in tS." Thirty-cight sturdy thumb tacks could not be 7 
traced, but it finally developed that the property checker had half soled his 
Shozs wito them. The procedure was justified by the large amount of dupli- } 
cate travel. The average quota of pencils per man per year is again a total 
wreck due to the extra numbers used in the chock. 


DISTAIGT 4 - INTERLUNTAIN DISTAIS2 
The Forest Clerk 
(Jith apologiss to Lowell) 


Ofer his reports, the musing forest clerk, 
Beginning doubtfully and fer away, 
Just lets his figurss wander as they list, 
Then takes 2 long vacation = without pry.--uU.d.2. 


Brush Burning: Supervisor Garver, of the Minidoka, reports an average cost of 
$22 per li. for burning. The character of the brush, its location, 2ge and 
weather conditions were factors influencing the cost. Lodgepole brush piled 
in the open, sasily accessible and with favorable weather, cost 4.66 per M. 
for 145 lf. A torch was used 2nd tho renger rode from pile to pils on horse- 
back. Burning Douglas fir brush was done for $.15 ver M. in dense stands. 
Piles 3 or 4 years old wears difficult to burn and ran up the costs abnorally. 


ee 


St I i OA 


Grazing Form: Supervisor 3. J. Shepard of the Boise Zorest is supplying all his) 
Shecp permittees with 2 form of notice so that when 2 herdsr's camp is moved 
hs completes the form, showing when he arrived at that particular camp, when 
he is moving and to what point he is moving. ‘The Supervisor states that this 
torm h®s proven helpful in getting better sanitation of camps, in preventing 
cameos bsing kept too long in ons place, and in the mtter of locating camps. 


— 


Idaho Mseting: District Morestsr R. H. Rutledgo recentiy <tteadsd the annual 
macting of the Idaho Horse & Cattle Growers' Associction 2t Boise. The meet- 
ing was well attended and enthusiastic. tne of the best speeches of the ses- 
Sion was by iir. W. D. Swendson, Commissioner of Reclamation for Ideho. He 
pointed out ths absolute nocessity of maintaining proper cover on the hills 
and mountains which form the watersheds 2bove the big reclzweation projects of 
Id2ho. The matter was presented from an engineering standpoint, but very 
Clearly and simply. He made it clcar thet the very existence of agriculture 
in southern Idaho dependsd upon the mintenance of this watershed cover. 


ee 


Amon, Brothgr! The feeling 2gainst discarding the old pins-tree badge is very 
keen here on the Sierra Forest. I fsel that a substitwte for this badge, 
which has stood for the principles of the greatest organization of idealists 
in the western States, will be a serious setback to the morale of the Service. 
I bolieve the entire District will back me up in this belief. It is my per- 
sonel opinion thet as an organization we might be able to influence the Sec- 
retary to reconsider this proposed choangs.--Sierre. 


A Desirable Citizen: A report from the Angeles on a4 fire last summer was sSup-= 
Plemented by the following statament; "Henry Jacobs, of 1515 Shatto Street, 
Los Angeles, volunt>rily fought this fire; when 1 suggested putting in time 
for services rendersd he objected, saying he was giid to have the op ortunity 
to offer his services for such 2 cause," 


see 


| 


ee Mest vs VY LwUiltdes ) 
a eee 


They Tae Them on the Angeles: Three water companies, known as the "Committes 
of Nine," and interested in the San Gabriel Canyon on the Angeles Forest, had 
printed a2 supply of these cards; 


Date__ be halla, Auto No. 
UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE 
Auto Tag 


RECULATIONS---IMPORTANT---READ CAREFULLY 

Did you EXTINGUISH your FIRE with WATER 

and then COVER with DIRT? 

Did you BURY your PAPERS and camp REFUSE? 

The Law PROVIDES heavy PENALTY for NEGLECTING to do so. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Good Dope, D-l: Lowdermilk and Girard's study of slash disposal (Service 
Bulletin of October 9, page 2), has given us just the material we have been 
wanting. For some time we have had a notion that western yellow pine slash 
might be disposed of by the "burn as you go method," just as they do in the 
Lake States, but never having been tried the "practical ones" said it 
wouldn't work here. Now we thank T-1 for the information that it will work 
in certain sites, It appears that there is about a l0-cent differential in 
cost in favor of the piling and burning method. Can T-l teli us whether 
there is not a saving in the cost of logging under the "burn as you go meth- 
od," and if so, how mch it amounts to? Perhaps it would be enough to really 
wake the "burn-as you go method" cheaper to the operator, everything consid- 
ered, and if so, for certain seasons of the year it surely has many advan- 
tages over the piling and burning of brush.--T.T.M. 

A Tribute to a Superaimuated fack Mule: The following was found in a Rainier 
Ranger's files attached to correspondence relative to the disposition of an 
old mule; 

"Kirk: - Dispatch old Noah to the Green Elysian Pastures beyond the 
River Jordan. There are no burdens there to carry. 

"Some day I, too, shall come to the end of the long trail ard shall 
camp on the broad plains beside that mighty stream. Then will I look about 
for the homely frame and honest countenance of this friend of man, Hd." 

A Big Bug Meeting: A meeting was held in Fortland last fall for considering 
ways and means of enlarging the pine beetle investigative work of the Bureau 
of Entomology and for expansion of the pine beetle control operations. In 
addition to representatives of the District office, the following were in at- 
tendance: C. S. Chapman, Western Forestry and Conservation Association; J, F. 
Kimball, Klamath Forest Protective Association; J. 0, Howarth of the Klamath 
Indian Reservation; and Messrs. J. M. Miller, J. ©. Evenden, ard F. P. Keen 
of the Bureau of Entomology.--A.d.d. 


DISTRICT 7 — EASTERN DISTRICT 


A Cautious Visitor: "Can you inform me of any mrders that have occurred on 
thé Forest reserve or any accidental deaths that are doubtful and cause of 
deaths or accidents not proven and suspicious of murder; also has there been 
any hunting accidents by shooting or any bodily harm and if so was it proven 
accidental or unknown or was harmed person shot by unknown persons or as- 
saulted by unknown persons? Name ail cases and if any or all persons were 
black negroes or white whites and cause of trouble. Negroas are hated in the 
South, also bad men of both colors are very common in thse thinly settled 
States or woods and settlements of Morida and they boss ths woods and waters. 
I have had a little experience there and got away with my life only and some 
of these men are rich and some are poor. 

"Can you refer me to any guide in Florida who will inform me about 
these matters and can you refer me to guides you can recommend who you know 
to be honest men and not scoundrels who will lie, cheat, steal, deceive, and 
especially murder campers and hunters? Can you inform me of any place where 
it is safe for a smali man to gather Spanish moss alone in the woods?" 


wo] cm 


DiSPRIGT 7 (Sont.} 


It_is_ Zstimated that 20,U'% people used the White Mountain forest for recre- 
ational purposes oa Labor Day, Septembsr 4, 1922. The National forest reg- 
ister ror 1921 at Glon Ellis Falls gives 2 total of 10,420 people who visited 
the falls during the 1922 ssason and of course tho entire visitetion did not 
register, In this record were represeited 41 States, Alaske, Porto Rico and 
14 forsign countrics. from May until August 10, 1922, the registration at 
this point was 7,759. Apy,lying the 5-1 ratio used out West this means that 
00,009 or more wers visitors at one of at least a dozen equally popular points 
within the White Mountein forest during this season. 


a 


sox. Farms; Present regulations require 211 fox farm permittees in the Alasken 
forests to post notices in conspicuous pleces “bout their islands. The Serv- 
icc furnishes a2 neatly printed cloth sign for this purposes without cost to 
‘the permittse. dIsleands under permit for fox raising range.in size from 2 few 
‘Acres to as much as 1U,000 acres or more. With these signs posted at all pos- 
Sible landing places it will climinets the possibility of trespassers spring- 
ing the time-worn 2libi that they did not know the island was occupicd as 2 
fox ranch. ; 
. This industry has grown by leaps and bounds on the coast of Alaska 
the past fow ycars. All the suitable islands on the Chugach are now occupied, 
and applications continue to reach the office in almost every mail. If any 
of the Forests in the States have a few o&d islands that they don"t know what 
to do with, the Chugach can mak: good use of them. 

All islands ars being appraised this ysar, and before another season 
8 new rental schedule will probably be put into effoct.—-L.C.Pratt. 


A PEELED BIRGH OR3E 


Defaced it stands?! I do not kiow your neme, 

Who peeled this birch-bark tree, but ah, ths shemet 
. You wanted on a bit of bark to send 

A maudlin little message to a friend? 

To make 2 napkin ring, or some such trash? 

and so with pockotknife you needs mst gash 

A ehastly wound, aid deel a birceh-bark tree. 

Out of my thoughts, Ch you, who e'sr you bet 


--ilargaret Clarks Russell. 


-B- 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Comtents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 10. Washington, D. C. Warch 5, 1923. 


PQREST AY AND QUR LAND LRQOBLEM 


— 


ee 


American agricultura has received a terrific jolt during the 
past four years. Changes both at home and abroad brought about by the 
war and by economic developments since the war make it necessary for 
us to resurvey our agriculture. Those of us who are living pretty 
close to the farmer and his problems during these trying times have 
becomes convinced that the exvansion of cultivated land in the United 
States is due for a slowing up, that tillage will have to be contracted 
on 2 lot of the poor land along the margin of successful farming, and 
that zor some time to come American agriculture will tend to concentrate 
capital and labor upon the best soils and in the regions most favorably 
located in relation to the principal food markets. \e must find a profit- 
able crop which can be grown cheaply, with little labor, on land which 
the plow will pass up. On much land of this kind Nature is ready with 
the crop - timber; and the needs of the day are ready with the market. 

Long before the great war reset the stage on which the American 
farmer must play his role, the necessity for plan-wise growing of timber 
as a staple crop was very clear. An enormous acreage of logged-off land 
had piled up on which there was not the remotest prospect of cultivation. 
It is still piling up at the rate of four or five million acres a year. 
The abandonment of plow land ina good many States was throwing other 
millions of acres out of employment and partially depopulating the re- 
gions which contained it. The pasture pine in New England and the old- 
field pine of the South bear testimony to the reversion of large areas 
of plow land to the chance forest sowings of Nature. In the decade 
between the last two census years the area under cultivation decreased 
in 19 States. New Hngland lost 32,000 farms with a shrinkage in improved 
farm land of 1,140,000 acres. WNew York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania 
lost 45,230 farms. The old order of land use was changing and is still 
changing in many of the densely populated States of the ZTast. A new 
order of land use mst take its place. The realignment of agriculture 
forced upon us by the great war will give it tremendous impetus. I can 
conceive of nothing more important than an intelligent coordination of 
rural effort that will afford profitable croos for lands which can not 
economically be tilled. 

And just as the land economist was wrinkling his brow over this 
problem came the national need for timber knocking at the door, indeed 
bursting right through it. While the old order in American farming, 
under which men reached out constantly for more raw land, has changed 
into a new order which impels contraction, our national timber sup,ly has 
been silently and steadily disappearing. One forest region after another 
has been swept over. The average carload of lumber has had to be hauled 
farther and farther from the sawmill which made it to the farmer or city 
man who put it into his home. Last year, I believe, the country hauled 
Something over two million carloads of lumber an averages of 485 miles 
and paid $275,000,000 in lumber fraight bills. 


FORESTRY AND OUR LAND PROBL2M (Cont. ) 


— SS 


And meantime our dependence, as a people, upon our forests has in- 
creased enormously. We use five times as much forest-grown paper per 
capita now as we did 20 or 40 years ago. We mamfacture hal? of all the 
lumber produced in the world and use 95 per cent of what we manufacture 
right here at home. American factories make more things out of wood than 
the factories of all the rest of the world combined and use more wood 
between them than the factories of all the rest of the world put together. 
Every year our keen business men and scientists discover how to make new 
things from wood to supply human needs. Our national life and commercial 
supremacy have been built up upon the liberal use of forests = and our 
forests ars rapidly disappearing. 

The answer is so plain that he who runs may read it. Here are two 
big birds of ill omen to be killed by one stone. We can put our unplowed 
acres to work growing a profitable crop for which there is no glutted 
markst; repopulate our deserted forest regions and abandoned farm dis- 
tricts; give both the earth and the people something to do; and meet the 
impending shortage of forest products by growing wood, east, west, north, 
and south, as part of a rational scheme of land use, with somewhat the 
same intelligence and skill that we put into the growing of cereals and 
fruit. National reforestation should command the interest and support of 
every thinking American citizen. (To be continued. ) 


STUMPAGE VALUES 
By E. £. Clapp, Washington 


For the 10 fiscal years 1911 to 1920, inclusive, the average value 
of timber cut in commercial sales was between $2 per Mand $2.25 per M. 
The fluctuations were narrow, with low points in 1914 and 1917 of $2.05 
‘and $2.11, respectively, and high points of $2.25 in 1911, $2.16 in 1916, 
and $2.24 in 1920. Since 1920, however, there has been a noticeable in- 
crease in the average value of timber cut in commercial sales, culminating 
in a figure of $2.59 per li for the calendar year 1922. To a considerable 
extent this increase is probably due to the very large increase in the 
volume of yellow and sugar pines cut in District 5, but there has aiso 
been a noticeable stiffening in the price of white pine in District 1 and 
some increase at least in the average price of Douglas fir in District 6, 
as well as of yellow pine in the eastern part of that District. It seems 
doubtful whether the average value of timber cut will go below $2.50 per 
Min the future, although cutting on large sales of pulpwood in Alaska 
may tend to offset further increases in the average value of timber cut 
on all Forests, or even to cause temporary reductions in the average. 
The cutting of large quantities of low-priced material, such as acidwood 
in District 7, or larch and fir in District 1, would show a similar effect 


THAT FAVOUS BOWLING GAME 


The event of the seasoa, in truth of many seasons both yast and 
future, among the Washington aristocracy occurred last Friday evening at 
the King Pin alleys. All the star bowlers of the Nation's capital partic- 
ipated except "Old Rip" himself, Col. Greeley, Mr. Sherman and "P.t!' Smith, 
foremost members of the Reserve Corps. They were understood to have been 
in Chicago staging a little practice set with Charley Bluin, preparatory 
to the big match set for this week. 

It was worth the price of admission many times over if only to see 
the dignified but agile chief of Grazing, the Hon. Will C. Barnes, cavort 
@l1 over the field. He was particularly expert in playing the corner 
pockets, the only trouble being that said rockets were not located half 
way down the alley.- It was a treat to see him heave one off, however, 
because it invariably produced that famous Santa Claus smile and on rare 
occasions a little "pointed remark." But the real treat was his "special 
delivery."' He used all of his hands and all of his feet and ail of the 
alleys in starting the ball on its journey, but he surely got a wicked 
curve on it, a regular rainbow curve. 


~ipe 


Senors Carter and Headley were determined that their colleague 
from the sixth floor should not run off with all the honors, so they put 
their heads together and staged a few little specialties of their own, 
consisting mainly of throwing the balls behind them. These little gratu- 
ities were like Babe Ruth's home runs in that they were not announced in 
advance. But, on the other hand, they were cleverly sprung as surprises 
on each and. every occasion affording the gallery considerable excitement 
as well as some real good sxercise. Senor Headley’s delivery was grace 
divine, in fact more than that, but it pains me to say in this connection 
that it was hinted that perhaps he took a little unfair advantage of the 
others, as his light fantastic hop-skip and jump approach suggested that 
possibly he had concealed his youngster's Pogo stick about his person. 

In fairness, however, it should be recorded that Clapp played second 
fiddle to none of his competitors when it came toe purring over graceful, 
rhythmic movements in the performance of his bit. He had a wind-up iden- 
tical to a Roman discus thrower, or perhaps I should say to two discus 
throwers, Zvery now and then, however, the ball slipped, which explains 
how these comments happened to be written this week instead of next. 

Norcross came to the gama laboring under the disillusionment that 
bowling alleys were built along the lines of Washington city street alleys, 
but he soon learned otherwise, much to his chagrin. ‘ot only had the howl- 
‘ing alley people overlooked installing the usual center drainage system, 
but to the contrary, Norcross alleges that when his turn came to perform 
the alley immediately took on a crown in the center as high as any class A 
road project he ever inspected. Some took exception to Teddy's alibi, con- 
tending that he merely suffered a little attack of stage fright, alley work 
being entirely out of his line. 

Dr. ineipp performed after his usual highly approved fashion, scoop- 
ing up the grounders and nailing his man on each occasion with deathlike 
precision, but could we properly expect less from the chief Recreation boss? 
He is unquestionably the leading exponent of the greatly developed art of 
bowling in these parts, which is as it should be. That is admitted by 
Kneipp himsélf, but,to slip you a little inside stuff,it has proven the 
source of intense jealousy in all quarters, and we are now striving desper- 
ately every day in every way to avoid further bloodshed. 

Districts 1 and 6 sent on their emissaries to make absolutely cer- 
tain that nothing was slipoed over on them. It was unguestionably a very 
wise move, for no doubt they learned a great deal. They were observed mak- 
ing notes continuously of the especially strong points possessed by our 
men, which information it is understood they immediately phoned to their 
districts over special wires chartered for the purpose. 

* kK Kk OK 

Sick leave slips and liniment have been much in evidence around the 

office since the match occurred.--Ed. 


WE_NEED MORE ACTION LIKE THIS 


Supervisor Winn of District 5 sends us this; “During the Rangers' 
meeting held in the office this week, we were very much surprised to find 
that due to a great overturn in persomel during the past year and a half, 
not one of the field force was a member of the Government Zmployees' Re- 
lief Association. The matter was thersfore called to their attention, 
with a result that five out of the seven made their applications, which are 
enclosed herewith. It is my understanding that one may put in a claim. for 
the $1.00 initiation fee on each application, but this is not desired, and 
in case it has to be refunded to anyones, it shovld bs to the applicant him 
Self. This has not been requested, nor is it expected by any. A personal 
check of each applicant is enclosed herewith. I wish to state further 
that we have three members of the Gila force still to work on. If you see 
fit, you may send a blank application and financial statement and such 
literature as you may have in stock to the following: Wm. dox, Silver 
City, N. Mex.; G. H. Currie, Buckhorn, N. Mex.; Henry Woodrow, Cliff, 

N. iex." 


eat 


EURTTAN 2. StU RES 
By C. G. Smith 


Boston Common was set apart in 1634 as a "place for a trayning 
field and the feeding of cattel." 

The stockmen were on the job early, as this occurred four years aft- 
er the founding of the town and two years prior to a resolution passed by 
the town overseers relating to building restrictions, streets, "and for 
the more comely and commodious ordering of them." 

The next reference,- furnished by Mr. Rachford,- is found in 
Bailey's Cyclopedia of American Agriculture, Volume 4, Page 98, in respect 
to the settlement of the valley of the Connecticut River in 1636, and that 
for 75 years cattle were kept in a common herd, cared for by herdsmen and 
paid for jointly in proportion to the amount of stock cared for. 


The Acting Forester pro tem had a touch of the grippe and made us 
cut out large chunks of Bulletin dope. We had to hunt new stuff, which 
ain't so easy to do these days. This teaches us that we must always be 
patient with our Superiors.--Lightnin' Liz (SNT) 


PLELD, OFFICE AND HEADQUARTERS TIME 
By Roy Headley, Washington 


The following figures result from an analysis of Ranger diaries 
made during the fall of 1922. The number of diaries varies from three in 
District 5 to eight in District l: 


Average total days . Average total days on 


on administration effective field work 
Dis trict and fire in field _ including improvement 
4 132 172 
2 Li2 140 
1 1O1 739 
5 97 151 
6 55 154 
Average total. days 
on headquarters, 
headquarters im- Average total days 
Dis trict provement and office on office only - 
4 Til bee 52 
5 138 94 
2 142 79 
6 143 83 
L 184 122 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


Beating the RR's: A rate of 30 cents per hundred or $.942 per mile was 
recently quoted on telephone wire by a mumber of shipping concerns for 
coast to coast transportation through the Panama Carnal. It is probable 
that the telerhone wire for Districts 5 and 6, and possibly that for Dis- 
trict 1, for 1924 fiscal year requirements, will be shipped by water from . 
some eastern point.--Z.W.K. 

“the Forestry Service 
A Yusical Aspirant: /Dear Sirr i am writting to You at Your address in the 
sunday school Paper stating that You wanted a good Cook and a Vioalien 
Player and a Guitar Player i believe i can do Your Job alwright so i 
thought i would write to You about Your work so i will close my letter 
hoping to hear from You Soon from" 


Climbing Chipmunks; Having disposed of the Mountain Lion subject, let's 
tackle the humble but lively Chipmunk. There has always been discussion 
as to whether this little animal climbs trees. : 


ads 


—— 


WASHINGTON NOTES (Cont.) 


Climbing Chipmunks (Cont.) 


In his annual grazing report the Supervisor of the Montezuma National 
Forest says they do. He saw them climb trees in four separate ins tances.-- 
W.C.B. ; 


The Forester’s Report: "Thank you very much for your thoughtfulness in send- 
ing me this report. I was greatly interested in the sections dealing with 
Alaska, and I believe that the declarations made therein were very acceptable 
to most Alaskans. I know they were to me."=--B. D. Stewart, Super. Mining 
ang., Dept. of interior, Bureau of Mines. 


H 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 
Keeping the Turpentine Industry in the United States: A deal to use for five 
years 2,000 trees of second growth longleaf and slash pine for naval stores 
experimentation, just closed by the Southern forest Experiment Station, is 

an important step in our experiments to improve turpentining methods in order 
that we may continue the productions of such supplies as turpentine and rosin. 
if we don't get results it is certain that within a few years we will cease 

to produce 70 per cent of the world supply, as we do now, and we will have 

to depend on other countries for these products. rom work done by Austin 
Cary, Miss Gerry, and others, we xnow that young pines can be used success- 
fully, but just how they can be worked to best advantage must be learned 
through further experiments. That the French, who turned a barren into a 
forest, are alive to these opportunities is indicated by a recent letter 

from a prominent French engineer: 


"As you know, the southwest part of France is as to forestry the most 
interesting of our country which is not rich with forest. In this region, 
we have more than 1 million hectares (2,471,000'acres) covered with pines 
containing large quantities of resin. 

"These pine plantations have the advantage to be in very flat country 
and to be generally cut down methodically. 

"Actually big capitals are joined in order to set up a large mill to 
farm Landes pine, but a question rises. Shall we handle this wood to obtain 
only paper pulp and use in this case soda sulphate process with recovery of 
Soda, rosin, turpentine from liquors? Shall we, on the contrary, try to ob- 
tain from wood by distillation or other process, all products it contains, 
and esteem pulp 2s subproduct of this industry? 

"I think that in your laboratories they studied all these cases, and 
I should feel very much obliged if you send me all documentation you may ob- 
tain on the subject." 


DISTRICT 2 — ROCKY iDUNTAIN DISTRICT 


a ee ee 


Forestry Association:At the annual meeting of the Colorado Forestry Assoc ia- 
tion held in Denver in Jamary, a number of very significant resolutions 
were passed which point the way to a year of real accomplishment. A commit- 
tee was appointed to take up with the American Forestry Asscciation the possi- 
bility of closer cooperaticn, and, if possible, actual affiliation of the two 
organizaticns. Olcser sympathy with the welfare of the Steie Pich & Game 
Association was evidenced and resolutions were passed indorsing both the gen- 
eral work of the State Game Association as well as the present game refuge 
program in which the Game Association is interested. Among other resolutions 
passed were those favoring bills at present before the Colorado legislature 
with regard to the duty of sheriffs in fire fighting and the responsibility 
of the State in defraying expenses thus incurred, and with regard to the de- 
facement or removal or fire signs posted either by the State or Federal for- 
est Service. 

One of the most significant resolutions passed during the whole even- 
ing was one favoring the removal of the State Forester's office from ft. 
Collins to Denver, where this office could function more as a State irester's 
office and less as an office of instruction, as it does at the present time, 
in connection with the Colorado Agricultural Vollege. Such a change as this 


aS 


DISTRICT 2 {Gont.) 
restry Association (Cont.) 


would be a decided step forward for forestry in Colorado and make possible 
a mach closer and more effective cooperation between the State department 
and the Federal Forest Service. 


D-2 Welcomes Smith Riley: forest Supervisors of Dé have had the pleasure 
of renewing acquaintance with Smith Riley, who has been in attendance at 
all the sessions, representing the Biological Survey and the particular 
interests of wild life. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTSRN DISTRICT 
Bids: To bids pay? We say they do. A voucher accompanied by five bids has 
been received from the Sitgreaves National Forest to cover the construction 
ofa drift fence. The lowest bid of $92.00 a mile was accepted. The other 
four bids were, per mile, $95.00, £100.00, $120.00 and $2U0.U0. It is hoped 
that the lowest bidder does not weaken. 


Why They Like It: Lumberman (who has visited Madison Laboratory): 
Experiments show that hydrolyzed sawdust makes a really nutritious 
cattle food. vVattle sat it like corn or bran. 
Forest Hxaminer; But what makes it palatable? 
Assistant Silviculturist: Why, the grain of the wood, of course. 


Wood and Post Sale: A five hundred and thirty acre tract estimated to cut 
4,200 cords of juniper cordwood and 8,4G0 fence posts on the Tusayan Forest 
is being advertised. ilinimum rates are 50¢ per cord and 5¢ per post. This 
timber is located on the Verde-Ash Forke Working Circles, where a consider- 
able recovery in the woodland cordéwood and juniper post business is being 
made after the serious slump of two or three years ago. 


Still Think of Us: =x-Porest Service employees retain their interest in 

the Service, as has just been illustrated by receipt in this office of a 
new map of Liberia, based upon surveys by ir. Lee ©. Daves, who was formerly 
a surveyor in District 3. Mr. Daves is now Chief Zngineer of the Liberia 
Boundary Survey. ‘The triangulation and plane table work in connection with 
this survey was made by him and the drafting was done during the past sum- 
mer in Washington, D.:c., by lr. W. H. Gill, who was the Chief of Drafting 
in this office 2 few years ago. 


Former Officer's Picture Used: 4 picture showing former Supervisor Hoyt of 
the Sitgreavas and present Clerk iicClosky locating a fire on the Sitgreaves 
fire map is used to illustrate a vary readable article by Will C. Barnes 
entitled "The Girl Behind the Fire Line" in the January issue of American 
Forestry. 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERVGUNTAIN DISTRICT 


— 


Horse Round-up: Ranger Stock is to be congratulated on the success of his 
horse round-up. He has made a clean-up of 411 the horses on his District 
on the Marion and Dry Creek Association vanges.e aA total of 212 head of 
horses were gathered, all of which except 5 were turned over to their right 
ful owners and were mostly G-5 and permitted stuff which had not left the 
Forest at the close of the grazing soason. ‘The 5 head will be sold under 
the State law. Ranger Stock was fortunate in getting cooperative assist- 
ance. He had a total of 64 riders in the round-up... On the Marion Division 
alone there were 100 head less horses this year than were gathered last 
year and none against which trespass proceedings will be instituted. These 
round-ups are getting to be popular at Oakley, and are certainly in the 
interests of the Government. The only cost in connection with this round- 
up, which covered something like 120,000 acres, is the expenses a Bi salary 
of the Ranger. It is expected that the 5 horses which will be sold under 
the State law will cover 411 costs in connection with their disposal. 4x- 
cellent progress has been made and next year Ranger Stock expects to have 
another such round-up, for it is a help to the community and a help in the 
elimination of tresyass after the close of the grazing season.--ilinidoka. 
abe 


DISTRICT 4 (Cont. ) 


Municipal Park in Logan Canyon:The plans for the Logan Canyon park are pro- 
gressing favorably, and Ranger L. ©. Smith is to be commended for the work 
he has accomplished. At a recent meeting held at the Chamber of Commerce, 
&@ number of representative business men were present. Mayor Crockett acted 
as chairman and a careful examination was made of the plans prepared.by Mr. 
Emil Hansen, the landscape architect from the Utah Agricultural College. 
The present plans call for a park of about 10 acres which will be on the 
south side of the road opposite the State Fish Hatchery, and a part of the 
plans will include a lake to be used in connection with the fish hatchery, 
tennis court, band stand, and a considerable area to be used for lawn and 
grouping 6% ‘desirable shade trees and shrubs. It is expected that a 5-inch 
pipe line will be laid from the mouth of Beirdneau Canyon, a distance of 
3,500 feet, which will furnish ample water for all purposes.--Cache. 


DISTRICT 5 - CALI WRNIA DISTRICT 


"Far From the Madding Crowd": One of the most interesting and instructive 
motion pictures that has ever been ssen around San Francisco was Mr. Donald 
R. Dickey’s "Game Trails of the North Woods," recently presented at the Uni- 
versity of California. This was an animated record of wilderness lives, and 
represented the results of ten years' work on the part of the author. The 
scene was laid in New Brunswick, on the headwaters of the Nipisiguit and 
Tobique rivers - "@2 cosy corner of the unspoiled out-of-doors; a last accessi- 
ble land of game, without fences or reserves; & land of sparkling little riv- 
ers; a place to invite one's soul." The scenes taken in this last outpost 

of wild life depict deer, moose, caribou, partridge and snowshoe rabbits in 
their native haunts, photographed from land and canoe, by sunlight and flare, 
and made doubly realistic by the use of the ultra-speed camera, which showed 
in every detail the wonder and grace of movement of the wild creatures of 

the woods. Perhaps the one outstanding feature of the reels was the giant 
bull moose, seven feet high at the withers and with a spread of horns well 
over 6 inches, which led Mr. Dickey a merry chase for more than three sum- 
mers before he was finally able to photograph this king of the northland in 
the open. To see such pictures is to realize more fully what a tremendous 
asset is the wild life of our National Forests. 


Cooperation that Counts: The city of Pasadena has authorized us to expend 

not to exceed $2,500 in the construction of a lookout house and 19 miles of 
telephone line in the Arroyo Seco Canyon. The Los Angeles County Board of 
Flood Control will contribute about %600 for the purchase of material, and 
when the projects are completed they are to become the property of the Serv-. 
ice. The city people want the lines for fire protection and the flood con- 
trol people that they may ascertain how hard it is storming in the back coun- 
try so that they may open or shut their flood control ressrvoirs.--B.H.C. 


Dollars that Brought Results: Two or three years ago the Automobile Club of 
Southern California gave us money to develop a public camp in Bougust Canon 
on the Santa Barbara Forest. That this money was well spent is indicated by 
the figures for last season furnished by Forest Guard Biddison. Between 
April 16 and October 29 there were 2,702 automobiles containing 10,800 
people that stopped at this camp on Sundays and the Sourth of July only. 

No count was made on week days. Guard Biddison issued 602 camp fire permits 
to people using this camp. 


The Number of People who passed through the Ferry Building, San Francisco 
(in which the forest Service is located) for the past year was 48,617,601, 
according to figures compiled by J. K. Bulger, supervising inspector of 
steam vessels. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACI MS DISTRICT 
Publicity for "Products": A leading feature article in the magazine section 
of the Tacoma Sunday Ledger recently was devoted to the work of Albert Hermann 
of the iladison Laboratory and C. W. Gould of the Portland office of Products, 
who have been conducting a series of experiments in the kiln-drying of Douglas 


ay 


DISTRICT 6 (Cont. ) 


Publicity for "Products" (Cont. ) 


fir common at the Tacoma plant of the Wheeler-Osgood Company. The article 
was illustrated by a number of photographs taken by the Ledger staff photog- 
rapher, the photographic layout, together with the accompanying text, making 
a full half-page "spread" in the newspaper.--G. E.G. 


Primary Control Record for District 6: W. B. Brewer, of Maps and Surveys, is 
now occupied in preparing a comprehensive record of all triangulation data 
within the District. This record will be held in over a hundred books, which 
will contain cards fully describing every triangulation station in the Dis- 
trict. When this record is completed, it will be an easy matter to provide, 
at avery short notice, answers to any questions raised with reference to 

the primary control of the District. The record will also be of great value 
as a quick and easy referenc n the preparation and compilation of new maps, 
The record is being copied from the originals, which were prepared by the 
Forester's office. 


New Project: The Portland Railway, Light and Power Company is actively en- 
gaged in the development of the Clackamas power project on the Oregon Forest. 
Twenty miles of broken stone road have been built between Cazadero and Three 
Links Creek. Total expenditures of the company to date are nearly $700,000. 
Clearing for the transmission line will begin at once. The transmission line 
is built first in order to obtain power from existing plants for use in con- 
structing the new plant; the building of a temporary plant for construction 
purposes is thus avoided. 


DISTRICT 7 - EASTERN DISTRICT 


A 50% Timber ustimate: Last fall a one hundred per cent cruise was desired 
on an experimental plot of 5.6 acres in Louisiana. Svery tree over 12" dbh 
was tallied and volume tables used to get at the stumpage on the ground by 
Species. Strips one chain wide were run back and forth. All odd-numbered 
strips were kept separate from a1l1 even-numbered strips, thus obtaining two 
50% estimates; strips 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 comprising one set and the even- 
numbered strips the other. 

On the whole plot the tally was: 


Loblolly ~ - - 113 trees - - ~ 52,1606 bd. ft. 
it 


Shortleaf - - 40 ---14,635 " " 
White oak - - 57 Mee os ey RG eee SE! ae 
Miscellaneous— _44 a! 
All species 254 tS ~+e= te * * 


The error which would have occurred had either 504 estimate been 
doubled to secure the actual cut on the whole area would have been 4,.5/, 
Using the odd-numbered strips as a basis, we find that loblolly overran 
the average by 44, shortleaf by 134, miscellaneous by 6%, and white oak 
underran by 44.--L.W. 


selfs 


thice Bulletin 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE’ 
(Contents Confidential) 


Vol., WII, No. ll. Washington, D0. March 12, 1923. 


SP 2E S528 pl D Obs, hAD,. PROBLEM Cont.) 


— — eee Se 


ne ee a ee 


It would doubtless be best for the country if some law could be 
passed under which forthwith everyone would procsed to grow trees. But 
we know that great economic changes of this kind affecting the habits of 
people in the use of their land necessarily move slowly. It can not be 
accomplished in a year or by any Single piece of legislation. 

As such things go in the attitude of nations toward their natural 
resources, we have already moved pretty rapidly. It was only about 3b 
years ago that the first National Forests were created. lt was only 25 
years ago that the first ideas on the protection and management of pub- 
lic forests was written on our statute books. It was only 11 years ago 
that we started to buy forest lands for tke protection of navigable 
Streams. Within the last dozen years 15 States have enacted laws dealing 
with the protection and regrowth of their forests anc the area of private 
forest land receiving some sort of protection has increased from 61 
Million to 166 million acres. The country is taking its forest problem 
Seriously and ground has been gained pretty rapidly. Nevertheless, be- 
yond any question, the time has come for another step forward. ‘Je still 
have a long way to go in evening things up with our forests. As long as 
we are cutting them down at the rate of 50 cubic feet yer acre every year, 
while something less than 15 cubic feet is being grown, as long as our 
private forest land, one-fourth of the soil of the country, is largely 
threatened with idleness, we are headed for disaster. 

The final answer to all these questions doubtless will require 
rather far-reaching legislation under which the care given to forest lands 
and the regrowing of timber upon them will be under a measure of public 
control. 1 doubt, however, if this answer can be written until the peo- 
ple have been more thoroughly educated on these questions and have 
thought them out to amore mature and more gsneraily accepted conclusion. 
Meanwhile, we should lose no time in going right ahead with the obvious 
things that should be done. We can write another chapter in the national 
forestry volicy of the United States right now along the lines of what 
has been well tested and found good. This will not be the last chapter, 
but it will represent real progress. 

The first thing which it seems to me the Federal Government should 
do is to consider its own opportunities. It is illogical, not to say ab- 
surd, for the nation to be buying forest lands in order that they may grow 
timber, and for the nation to be preaching reforestation to private land- 
Owners, while at the same time failing to protect and conserve the forest 
growth on large areas of land which it owns itself. The logical expan- 
Sion of the National Forests to embrace all of the lands in Federal ovner- 
ship most useful for timber growing or water conservation was blocked 
several ysars ago by oprosing interests and statutory limitatioas. ‘There 


FORESTRY AND OUR LAND PAUBL iM (one luded) 


are at least eight million acres of such lands in the continental United 
States, besides an enormous area in the interior of Alaska. There are 
large areas of timberland in Indian reservations which are now well man- 
aged, but will ultimately be liquidated as tribal properties are opened 
up for general disposition. There are considerable areas of forest- 
growing land in military and naval reservations, which should produce 
continuous and well-grown crovs of timber, while at the same time serv- 
ing the purposes of national defense for which they were established. 

A policy wsans an establishéd principle which governs action. It ought 
to be an established principle in the United States that all lands which 
the nation itself owns or controls and which will render their greatest 
service in growing timber or conserving streamflow shouid, after this 
fact. has been authoritatively ascertained, be incorporated in the Nation- 
al forest systan. 

A second line of sev onent which has already bsen well tested 
is the extension of the National Forests by purchase on the watersheds 
of navigable streams. It has been a great revelation’to mg, in my 18 
months as a member of the National. forest Reservation Commission, to 
sse what a valuable public property has been built up during the eleven 
years since the passage of the ‘/jeeks law, and to learn in how many ways 
these purchased lands are helping to work out the forest problem of the 
country. And it has also shocked me to find out that the denudation of 
forest lands is going on seven times as fast as public forest ownership 
is being extended. While the national government and the States and 
municipalities, all combined, have been acquiring about 10 million acres 
of public forests or forest parks, 69 million acres of timberland have 
been cut over and to a large extent denuded and fire swept. 

Obviously, the national government can not acquire 211 of the for- 
est land in the country nor any considerable part of it. Obvicusly, for- 
estry practice mist reach and grip the private timber cwner. ileverthe- 
less, the creation of more National jorests on key areas is 2 mignty 
sound and helpful thing. Ey key areas I-mean limited tracts where Federal 
ownership will be of special value in protecting streain sources, owing 
timber, and giving the local people a practical demonstration ef vires pro- 
tection and good forest management. 1 would like to see Natvionsi rests 
in all of the forest regions of the Zast such as we have now in all of 
the forest regions of the West. Zach of them would become au educational 
..center of the highest value. Around each of them would grow wo coopera=- 
tive arrangements with landowners for forest protection, pracvical ex- 
amples of growing and harvesting timber, the inculcation or *% 


Bie) G 


vue forestry 
idea. Practically every nation of Zurope has built up its forest yolicy 
around a core of publicly owned forests; and the United States should 
profit by their experience. ‘Je ought to lay out a program or rerest 

_ acquisition, adjusted to the resources of the Treasury, under which thgs 
work can go forward steadily without the yearly peril of interruption. 
And we ought to encourage States and municipalities to do the same thing. 


WHAT TEN THOUSAND #1825 TELL 
by vol. W. B. Greeley 


forest fires are hard to pin down to facts. But in "rest Fires 
in California, 1911-1920: An Analytical Study,"Show and Kotok have pinned 
down a decade of fires and made them tell some mighty interesting and valu- 
able things. They have taken the records of over 10,GU fires, classificd 
them, analyzed them, and drawn forth some Lessons we must take to heart, 
The job justifies our belief in the permanent value of individual fire 
records andj of their careful analysis. And the methods used in this study 
are applicable not only to California, but to all other regions. 

This bulletin is being sent to every man in the Service and 1 want 
every man in the Service to read and study it. It diagnoses a lot of our 
fire troubles witn precision. It shows every Supervisor, Ranger, and fire 
Chief how to diagnose his xire troubles. It shows that fires of different 
origins have different characteristics and deman¢e different kinds of treat- 
ment. It carefully classifies areas of hazard from different causes. It 
kills the "let-burn'' theory and properly emphasizes damage as a major 


ap= 


0S WHAP PRN-THOUSAND FIRES TELL (Cont. ) 


element of real cost. It clearly brings out that we must at all costs 
keep Class © fires to a low percentage of the total number. Here ent ers 
our old friend "elapsed time:;" stowness in getting to fires, coupled with 
incorrect or indetermindte policy, is ons Of'the chief causes of bad fires. 
The other chief cause is lack of elasticity of organization to meet a bad 
season, 

I merely touch on a ‘few high Lights | of this study. It is one of 
those bulletins that come ‘from time to time that oveht to be deeply pondered 
by the entire Service, and | want- to ask supervising officers to make sure 
that this is done. 


a WORTH WHEL = 
by Theo. ere 1 


Word arrives’that the Idaho forestry bill failed of passage. How- 
ever, much good ig bound to come from the effort. The committee which 
framed it held six 2-day meetings, a total of more than 25 sessions, it is 
safe to say that there were nearly a hundred hours of discussion of forestry 
between foresters, lumbermen, stockmen, irrigationists, and State officials. 
The discussions were full, free and above board. Cards were laid face up 
on the table. Facts and conditions, and the evils to be corrected were 
dealt with, and costs and meth-ds were considered. #oresters were continu- 
ally being asked‘for:fdcts and opinions as to what good forestry practices 
require. Cne hearing was had before the Governor and State Land Board. 

As a means of education and building up interest in forestry, it is doubt- 
ful whether anything is more effective than’ to get leading men of all fac- 
tions together for earnest informal discussion. 

Svidently the people of Idaho are not ready for forestry, which means 
they are not informed as to need for it.‘ ‘They mst be educated, and there 
should be consolation in the belief that all the time and thought and energy 
that went into this effort are not really wasted, but will count in the long- 
time program of ques tion aa shy orn the foundation of forestry in the 
State. : Rinne ee, 5 : * ° 


L. GRAZIN 


ANNUAL, GRAZING REPORTS VS. FISH AND GAME 
by 68 ee Pike ' 

In order to correct any erronsous impressions which may have been 
conveyed by Mr. Barnes' article "Ths Gart before the Horse" in the January 
22 Bulletin, 1 want to explain the difference between the Fish and Game Re- 
port and the Amnual Grazing Report as théy are compiled on the Pike. ‘The 
former report is cumulative and the edition mentioned by Mr. Barnes contains 
all data gathered from 1914 to 1922 inclusive. In justice to Mr. Barnes, 

I want to say that it consists of 84 instead of 54 pages, but some of these 

pages are not yet completed. There are 54 numbered and X lettered pages, 
the latter representing the inserts added since the first draft was written, 
It is often necessary to rewrite 2 few pages in order to bring the report 

up to date, and new pages for the cumulative tabulations must bea added each 

year. However, this is not a big job when compared to the Annual Grazing 
eport. 

For the Fish and Game report, 1 have 84 pages of tabulations and 
descriptive matter which show by years..the game census, number of fish fry 
planted, location of plants and results of past work, a brief statement of 
policy to govern future plants, a short cumulative history of extension 
work by the forest Service, summary of recommendations for changes in game 
laws, name and description of Game. Refuges, a list of locait sportsmen's 
organizations and clubs, a cumulative list of game law violations and action 
taken, and perhaps other cumulative data in addition to a rather lengthy 
discussion of the habitat of the principle game animals which is the result 
of the experiences and study of the entire force, 

These data are assembled, tabulated and indexed for ready reference 
and comparative purposes, and 1 can get what I want. from them ina few min- 
utes, The complete and up to date. report is kept in the current files and 
Shows progress or the lack of it. 


-J= 


ANNUAL GRAZING 2220275 VS. FISH AND GAM# (Uont.) 


From 1914 to 1922, inclusive, eight annual grazing reports were sub- 
mitted (parts 1 and 2 for each year except 1918) containing a total of 498 
typewritten pages of descriptive matter and tabulations. These old reports 
are kept in the closed files and it would take days to review them all. 
Even then it is difficult to compare one year with another or to determine 
just where we are going. ee 
I-am not boosting the ‘Pike Fish and Game report. It is not perfect 
by any means and the local force fully recognizesits shortcomings. However, 
isn't the cumlative idea @ good one and couldn't it be applied to the annual 
'Grazing reports with beneficial results? 


COMS ON IN 
Sir: 


On spite of the ract 2. I was born on the state of lowa, I defy 
you to vall me a barbarian. 1 have since lived long enough on. the civilized 
State of Fllinois, on the city of Chicago, and I have spent odd. years on 
the University, whate at least a small part of my time was spent on “nglish 
' classes. Hence I deny your right to criticize and fulminate against the use 
of the word "on" in connection with National - forests. I here affirm and 
shall continue to do so, until my mouth is stopped by death or something, 
that "on" the National Forests --. is as good usage as “on the District of 
Columbia or "on" a swivel chair or "on" love or "ondigestion. Onveighing 
against "on" is as oneffectual as trying to get a *, S. man to write "data 
are," or "someone else's." 

Being "on" a National forest is like being on jail - you feel secure. 

Saying it the other way makes you feel like you were onexorably and onfer- 
nally ontoxicated. : 
Onfeelingly yours, 


TO A PREPOSITIUN 
Rudely turned up by F's Plough, february ol, 1923. 


KK KK 


Lf *in', is..'on, inthem up is down, 
And out is in, I ween; 

And upside down is downside up 
And across is in between. 


iver is under, above is below 
And through is round-about; 

Off is on, and upward is down 
And inside of course is out. 


I might keep this up for nalf a ream 

_  ™@o make it perfectly clear = . 

ig I seem to be “orff" I'm really "on" 
When it comes to “in,” old dear. 


WASHINGTON Nu?as 


Be Sareful: "As a servant, organization is excellent; as a master, it marks 
the beginning of the end.” 

"Keep organization in its place and do not permit it to check 
progress, originality, or new ideas,"--American Lumberman, 


The Uttermost in Sheeplessness; The Wational Zoo here in Washington is plan 
ning to get a few specimens of sheep so the kids hereabouts will know what 
the critters look like. No doubt to many Rangers in the Rocky Mountains 
aloug about dounting time the District of Columbia would seem an ideal Ranger 
district, and it is regretted that applications for a transfer can not bs 


accepted. 
tales 


WASHINGTON NOTES (Cont. ) 


Mr. George H. Lautz, Assistant Chief Engineer, has returned to Washington 
after an extended trip to all Districts. On this trip Mr. Lautz discussed 
a1l engineering work, particularly maps and surveys, with the District for- 
esters. 


te Se ee SS 


Assistant Secretary Pugsley Visits the Laboratory: Assistant Secretary of 
Agriculture Pugsley recently visited Madison and, in spite of insistent 
calls for his attention elsewhere, spent considerable time at the Laboratory. 


Producing Colored Flames: Perhaps some National forest user may want to at- 
tempt to improve on nature by producing ‘different colored flames as he burns 
the pine cones in the fireplace of his special use cottage or in his summer 
camp: lif this is the case he might be interested in the following list of 
organic salts which could be added to color the flames. 


; Salt : Color 
Potassium chloride Violet 
Sodium chloride Yellow 
Strompium chloride Red 
Copper chloride Yellowish green 


Lithium chloride ned 


Other salts such as nitrates or sulphates may be used, although in general 
best results will be obtained with the chlorides. 

Pine cones commonly burn with an illuminous and smoky flame on ac- 
count of the resin which they contain and this might prevent the full effect 
of the colored flames produced by the materials added to them. for obtain- 
ing colored flames by the addition of various inorganic salts it is also 
necessary that the temperature be fairly high. 


costs and scarcity 0° material, the report of the Building Code Committee 
of the Department of Commerce on small house construction is a valuable 
addition to the builder's library. The first edition of 10,000 copies was 
exhausted in two weeks, and a second edition of 5,000 copies has been ordered. 
John A. Newlin of the Timber Mechanics Section of the forest Products 
Laboratory was the only Government official on the committee, and most of 
' the material on wood construction is the result of Forest Service research. 


DISTRIGT 1 - NORTHSHN DISTRICT 


Airplane Patrol _in Idaho: An experiment in airplane patrol will be carried 
on by the Potlatch Timber Protective Association during the coming season, 
according to an agreement recently made between the association and Mr. 
N. B. Mamer, a commercial flyer of Spokane, Washington. 
Mr. Mamer agrees to furnish two new planes, specially designed for 
this particular kind of work, both equipped with radio telephone sending 
- Sets capable of sending messages at least 100 miles, and a receiving set 
for the landing field. He will furnish pilots, mechanicians, parts, replace- 
ments, gasoline, oil and grease all for $950 per month. He agrees to fly 
2S hours a day including Sundays and holidays and will put in overtime, when 
called upon to do so, up to five hours a day at the rate of $11.00 per hour. 
According to the terms of the agreement, other associations and the 
Forest Service will be allowed to participate in the arrangements by fur- 
nishing an observer and by paying Mr. Mamer at the rate of $12.5u an hour. 
The Forest Service does not plan to participate in the arrangement, 
but will watch the experiment with a great deal of interest. 


— 5 


DISTRICT 2 - FOCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Supervisors’ Banquet: As a fitting culmination of the Supervisors' meeting 
in Denver, a banquet was held at the Shirley-Savoy Hotel on Friday evening, 
February 9, at which about 90 members of the Service and wives were present. 
Seven of our more histrionically inclined Supervisors put on an enjoyable 
entertainment purporting to be a reurion of ox-Supervisors in 19335, after 
the Forest Service had been taken over by the Tepartment of the Interior 
and all the former Forest officers had resigned and (according to these 
reunioners) gone into new professiong ranging from bootlegeer to poet, not 
to mention a loan shark, an I.W.W. agitator, and an aestietic dancing 
teacher. Another feature of the evening was the community singing, which, 
although feeble on the part of some, was at least sufficient to make the 
roof of the banquet hall tremble. 


Photographic Contest has been held, 12 photographs being sent in from each 
Forest, and first, second and third prizes given under the various headings, 
Conditions, Activities, Scenery and Game. The contest this year showed 
that a greater number of individuals have taken an interest in photographs 
and have won prizes than in any previous year. 


Peridermium Harknessii Zradication: In accordance with recommendations made 
by Dr. Hedgcock of the Bureau of Plant Industry, a crew of men has been en- 
gaged this winter in clearing out the Peridermium infection in the Halsey 

plantations on the Nebraska Forest. This consists of removing all branches 
which contain secondary lesions which are apt to develop into fruiting bodies 
next summer. Three vacant statutory ranger positious were temporarily given 
to the Nebraska Forest for use in this work and have been filled by ranger 
eligibles. It is expected that the infected area, which consists of 200 

acres of yellow pine plantation from 5 to 15 years of age, will be thoroughly 
cleaned up prior to the opening of the planting season. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


Colorado River Project: Mr. Herbert Hoover, Chairman of the Colorado River 
Commission, says in an article in the Southwestern Stockman Farmer for 
December 30, that the Colorado River Basin is the greatest single asset of our 
undeveloped national resources. The full use of the Colorado River will 
double the yvopulation of the Basin States from Wyoming to Arizona. There 
are 25 million acres now under irrigation in this territory, states Mr. 
Hoover, and it is possible to develop a further four milliion acres, making 
it an agricultural area larger than the State of Maryland. In addition 
there's the possibility of developing four million horsepower of energy, 
which is twice the amount generated in the whole Sierras. He sees an agri- 
cultural expense capable of supporting three million people. D-3 will have 
to hustle to make the timber crops rotate fast enough to furnish lumber for 
the hay barns, corn cribs and residences as well as for the fruit boxes and 
vegetable crates that such a population will demand. That's our job, how- 
ever, at least to the extent that nature has provided the land,and all these 
gigantic figures show there isn't a stick of timber or a blade of grass for 
wasting. 


Rapid Growth on Cut-over Land: In order to determine the effect of cutting 
on diameter growth of trees in the Zngelmann spruce type on the Carson 
National Forest, increment borings were taken from a number of trees on an 
area cut over ten years ago. The compilations show that the average amount 
of growth during this period was about 0.9 of an inche It is interesting to 
note that this amount of growth is also about the same in all diameter 
Classes, i. e., from four inches to fourteen inches D.B.H. inclusive. 

Horings taken from trees of the same diameter in the virgin stand show 
only a growth of 0.5 of an inch in the same ten year periad - or only about 
one-half as much as the trees on the cut-over area, It is expected that the 
accelerated growth of trees on the cut-over areas will be maintained for at 
least thirty years. In other words, the trees retained will have grown 1,8 
inches in that time. 

Borings taken from trees on cut-over areas in the Douglas Fir and 
Yellow Pine types show similar results in acceleration due to removal of part 
of the stand. 


-6— 


DIS@RIGT 4 - INVERMUNTALN DIST UT 


ee ree ——s a 


sat ve “7, : 5 4 a oi 
Sawtooth Progresses With Deferred System: Hanger Jd. Minear, of the Saw 


= ee 


tooth Forest, reports that the Camas Unit Grazing Associaticn has anon fed 

a five-year rotaticn for haudling its deferred areas. Their allotment aS 
been divided into five units, one of which will be deferred each year. This 
association, comprising fifty permittees, is the largest on the Forest, and 
grazes some 2,500 head of cattle under one manegement. The total een 
costs last seascn, including herding, sait, and grazing fees, were % 1.96 
per head. Losses were 1.52%. The association has an exceilent 400-L0re 
pasture for gathering beef. Miumbered salt grounds are numerous on their 
ranges. 


Age of Entering the Service; Operation has recently made a little table in 
order to show what the effect would have been if we had had an entrances age 
of 21 to 35 years, as is proposed in the new manual, instead of 21 to 40 
years, as has been the case in the past. There are 47 rangers who entered 
the Service between the ages of 21 and 25, 6U from 26 to 30, 53 from Sl to 
55, and 25 from 36 to 40. in this last 23 there are some of our best rangers. 
who could never have been accepted under the proposed new regulation. 


ee 


headquarters, except the Kaibab, was visited. At least two members of the 
District visited each Borest except two. Zighty-one District Rangers and 
seven other Rangers were in attendance. We have one hundred and sixty-two 
districts, which means exactly 50%.0f the District Aangers were in attend- 
ance. Needless to say, the Supervisors were out in full strength. 

The meetings were more than allotment meetings, and in many cases 
became real live ranger meetings. Special attention was given to the rangers’ 
job sheets ard the way the men are taking hold of them is gratifying. Quite 
complete discussions of Forest work in all branches was had, as well as the 
work of the District men as seen by the men on the forests. Information 
secured will be used in formulating job sheets for the District men. 


Star Valley Residents Interested in Yorestry: Forest Assistant Gibson is con- 
ducting a school for certain interested residents of Afton and vicinity. 
Literature pertaining to Forestry will be taken up and studied under Ir. 
Gibson's instimction. 

Mr. Gipson has secured the cooperation of the newspaper of Afton in 
disseminating 3orest Service work and has published one article which appears 
as an editorial in the paper.--Wyoming. 


DISTRIGT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Nature in the Discard: Cecil B. deMille, the movie king, has made pictures 
fouricen times in the redwoods, and yet he says that the redwoods of Cali- 
fornie are photogiavied adsauately for the first time in Jeanie Macpherson's 
“Adam's Rib," which is now being. filmed for Paramount. And all because he 
did not go to the giant forests, but built his own right in the studio 

This forest is said to be one of the real marveis of recent cinema 
construction. It is 112 by 252 feet, the largest set ever built inside a 
studio. It covers over 26,000 square feet. It has a 2bU-foot running 
stream with a fall of 16 feet, a pool, a fallen tree and a cave. There are 
45 huge trees, twelve of which are over fifty feet in circumference. Twelve 
thousand ferns were needed and nearly six tons of Oregon moss. It is said 
to have taken 400 carpenters and plasterers 24 hours a day to make this for- 
est. It cost thousands and thousands of dollars. And it will return thou- 
sands, believe the producers, for it permitted the placing of lights and 
properties in a manner to produce eye-pleasing results where Nature is some- 
times kind to the vision but very, very hard on the more exacting camera lens. 

DeMiile himseif is convinced that within ten years "going on location” 
will be almost a forgotten phrase, 


ay 


set 


DL ST 2C7 ace. ) 


D1 ot 


halle lahoe on “fhe Zldorado, = a a cof beater tg? nave a fire | 
around her entire property, a distance of about nine mi CSe 
made according to the following specifications: through heavy, mature tim- 
ber, £5 feet in width, with everything cut out under four inches in diameter 
and the ground: raked to mineral soil; all trees left trimmed to a height of 

8 feet and all refuse piled and burned. Through the brush areas the line is 
to be SU feet wide, with the same specifications. The work is to be done 
under the supervision of the Forest officers, and no money is to be paid the 
contractor until the work is accepted by them. 


When Duty Calls: Ranger J. J. Libeu of the Santa Barbara averaged more than 
14 hours @ day for 25 days on Fire Suppression during Avgust last. His 
diary for the last two days of the month carries the significant entry, - 
"Sick." And still there arse people who like to go into ecstasies over the 
fascinating life of a forest danger? 


Piotnivil oO = NOsin avidly ploitlvs 


One Way to Find Your Way out of the Woods: A traveling man stopping over 
in Albany gave one of the local force an Sie idea of proper procedurs 
when lost in the woods. 
Said the Indian; "Mebbe.so vou chk Lost in the woods = You walk around 
and around; then you sit down and rest; pretty soon you walk some more, then 
get heap tired; rest again and make little fire and wait long, long time; 
nobody come; then make dam big fire and pretty quick Forest Ranger come and 
get you."--C.C.H. 


Many Species Cut: The office of Forest Management has just figured up that 
the 211 million feet cut from the National forests of this district last 

year came from twenty-four different Species. Douglas fir, of course, leads 
the list in the amount {cuts comprising 42% of the total cut. Western yellow 
pine is second with 30%, while western red cedar, western hemlock, Sitka 
Spruce, western larch, Port Urford-cedar, and lodgepole pine come in the 
order named with much smaller amounts. The hardwoods,- oak, alder, waple, 
madrone, cottonyood, and cascara,- are ae those present, but. none with 
large amounts,--7.7.M. 


Land =xchanges; The following number of land exchange applications have 
been received to date: wa 


i 


Cratem.. 3 Uregon 25 Umatilla 4 
Deschutes 6& gainier 2 Umpqua 1 
Fremont 1 (Selec-— Santiam 2 Wallowa 2 
Malheur 3 tion area)Siskiyou a : Wenatchee Hs) 

» &echoco 16 Siuslaw 5 \Vhitman 6 
Olympic:. 2 Snoqualmie 1 


aneee are, therefore, 85 cases to date, including special Horest 
acts and under the general exchange law, although a few of these are inter- 
forest and Counted twice. ‘ourteen cases have been rejected by the Dis- 
trict forester, 

Fourteen cases have been approved and gone to patent, under special 
Forest acts, involving 53,529.86 acres of base and 40,159.49 acres of selec-— 
tion. Ths net National Forest area has been increased 15,37L.37 acres by . 
cases which have either gone to parent or are in the hands of the General 
Land \ffice for final action. 

Uf course a larga number of inquiries and especially personal calls 
have been received in the District office on the part of owners desiring to 
get the forest Service attitude on the exchange work. There are apparently 
a great many small timber holders who desire to select quickly salable tim- 
ber and convert it into cash.--C.J.B. 


-b— 


Service Bulletin 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. le. Washington, PD. C,. March 19, 1923. 


—— eee 


——a ee ee 


Among the foolish and’ thoughtless wastes to which the Anerican 
people are prone, I dovet if there is any more senseless than burning 
up year after year millions of acres of young forest growth, to say 
nothing of the merchantable timber and homes and lives frequently de- 
stroyed. To permit this to continue, with the scarcity of timber now 
so plainly written on the wall aad with the known inability of most of 
this land to grow any other crop except timber, would be inconceivable 
national apathy. We have already made a good start. Twenty-six States 
are now cooperating with the Federal Government in plan-wise forest pro- 
tection, which covers in a way about half of the privately owned wood- 
lands of the country. We ought to build on this foundation with a Fed- 
eral law which states the policy mcre clearly than has yet been done and 
gives the Department of Agriculture a mandate to ask every State which 
contains forest lands to join forces with it. Once forest fires are 
brovght down to a point where timberland insvranne becomes feasible, we 
shall have gone far in actually restocking our cut-over lands and in en- 
couraging reforestation as a commercial undertaking. 

There are, of course, other things that ovght to be done without 
wore waste of time. The national Government ought to expand its facilitiss 
for research ia timber growing and timber use. The time is ripe for inter- 
esting American business in growing wood. The necessity is here for inter- 
esting America business in the most economical and efficient use of wood. 
These practical needs of the situation ought to be met to a fuller degree 
than the public agencies are now able to do. The nation would do well to 
‘make a special point of encouraging the planting of forest trees. We are 
now planting about 35 million every year - Staves, landowners, and Nation- 
al Forests, all combined. But this represents less than 40,000 acres, and 
with our enormous accumulation of burned and idle land, that is indeed a 
small drop in a big bucket. I would like to see the Federal Government 
offer financial cooperation to any State in growing and distributing for- 
est-planting material at cost. 

There is an urgent call that we make. ourselves a forest-growing 
nation. Our day of timber mining is over. Our idle lands are calling for 
something to grow. Our markets are calling for a larger supply of forest 
products. We can not do everything at once. Here are some specific things 
that we can do, that have been well tested by experience, that will repre- 
Sent more ground gained. Perhaps they are still too incomplete to be dig- 
nified by such a term as National sorestry policy. At all events, they 
constitute to my thinking a workable and attainable program, 

Some people seem to have the notion that the National Porests should 
be administered simply on the theory of disposing of the timber after the 


PUREST AY _AND CUR LAND PROBLZM (Cont. ) 


manner in which private forssts have been administered. The Department 
looks upon the matter very differently. Jipe timber should be harvested 
as it is needed, but in such a way that other trees will grow to be har- 
vested in the future. for years our Forests were treated as if they be- 
longed to the present generation. Now we see that conservation of our 
forests is one of the greatest of our national problems. 


IS GUR SALES POLICY CUNSISTENT? 
by o. &. Bates, Fremont Exp. Station 


During the recent Supervisors’ meeting at Denver, there was con- 
siderable discussion of the "salosmanship" and "advertising" necessary 
to dispose of our National Forest timber. One speaker even went so far 
as to suggest that by proper advertising a demand for such timber could 
be "created" which would not otherwise exist, just as a demand for chew- 
ing gum has been created by national advertising, for which no real need 
exists. . 

Is not this going too far, and is not any salesmanship or advertis- 
ing of National forest timber which will increase, by a single board,. the 
present consumption of timber a direct fiying-in-the-face of the facts we 
are constantly preaching? 

In a recent meeting of the Service Committee, lir. Smith made a 
statement which is quite well known to all of us but evidently will bear 
constant repetition, namely, that while forestry propaganda, successful 
fire prevention and other natural factors have given us a good start on 
the production of young growth, there is bound to be a wide gap between 
the time when this growth will be a factor in lumber production and the 
time when existing stands of virgin timber are essentially exhausted. Is. 
there any way in which this gap can be bridged except by reducing the 
present rate of cutting and consumption? f course there is not. How can 
the Government reduce the present rate of consumption? Ubviously, the best 
way would be to put all the forests of the country on a sustained-yield | 
cutting budget, both as a whole and regionally. The day when this can be 
done is, I fear, far off, and action will not be possible soon enough to 
_ prevent a large degree of famine. 4A second possibility is by price fix- 
ing or vrice raising. The former is much to be preferred because it al- 
lows an equilibrium to establish itseli, while any price fixing is certain 
to create inequalities. But suppose, for example, that the Forest Service 
Should decide at one stroke to double its present stumpage prices. Pri- 
vate timber owners whuld at once realize the coming speculative value of 
their holdings and would do likewise. The immediate increase of several 
dollars per thousand in the price of manufactured lumber could not act as 
other than a detsrrent on all lumber uses. Such an increase, however, 
would not materially affect National forest sales, since the larger margin 
of profit would make merchantable mach of our timber now considered inac- 
cessible. This arbitrary act, however, we fear would meet with much objec- 
tion. 


Let us now consider the third possibility, saving our National for- 
est timber for that rainy day not far off. Granted that much of this tim- 
ber is ripe for the ax, are we not justified in saving it until its value 
to the people of the United States has doubled or treblsd? Who is going 
to have any appreciable amount of timber to sell twenty years hence, if 
not the Government? Look at the following hypothetical case which will 
represent, it is believed, a fair average of National Forest growth facts: 
assume 4 rotation of 160 years; assume, generously, that the stand left 
after cutting will double the average growth rate of the virgin forest, 
which is 154 per year; 


If Saved If Cut Now 
Present stand, BM per acre. ..-. 80,000 ft. 36,000 ft. 
Ch How, GH LGiee UE Weedon? F¥ U 18,000 " 
Value to-day, $3 per M 0 $54.00 
Left 4s growing stock ..... 0,000 ft. 12,000 ft. 
Added growth in 2u years, 

24% increase per year . .» sO 6,000 ft. 
Available to cut in 2U years . . 18,U0U ft. 6,0uu ft. 
Value, ab SB per Mis ss s'a 6 # ) Ee $36 
DOGS Cale oo. ee alge oe $90 


IS OUR SALES POLICY CONSISTENT? (Cont.) 


od 


The idea which should be emphasized is that we are constantly de- 
luding ourselves as to the time when a second cut can be had, equal to 
the first. If we eat the cake now, we shall certainly have nothing but 
crumbs twenty years hence. Why make the silvicultural sacrifices we are 
constantly making in order to kéep up our cut now? A glance at the fig- 
ures above will show that to keep our virgin stands evan approximately 
intact, to yield a full return 20 years hence, the present cut should 
not reduce the growing stock more than 334. To impose this restriction, 
alone, would go far toward accomplishing all of our objectives. 


ee 


by Geo. B. Sudworth, Washington 


The Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), a relative of the 01d 
of several other California conifers that grow naturally over very lim- 
ited areas. The range of Monterey Cypress is confined to about two miles 
of California coast south of Monterey Bay, in a belt about 200 yards wide 
extending from Cypress Point to Point Lobos. There seems to be no evi- 
dence that it ever occupied a larger range, although various conjectures 
are extant that it once grew in a wider coastal belt, part of which is now 
submerged. It does not appear that it is in imminent danger of soon dis- 
appearing from its rocky and sandy habitat, for it is constantly reproduc- 
ing itself from seed. Moreover, the tree is extensively cultivated in 
the Pacific Coast from Washington to Lower California, while i't is a famil- 
iar ornamental in Zuropean gardens, in mild climates of South America and 
in Australia and New Zealand. Its ability to thrive away from the coast 
and at elevations up to 2,0L0 feet was tested nearly 20 years ago in the 
San Bernardino Mountains by T. P. Lukens of Pasadena. 

The longevity of this cypress has been long a matter of conjectura, 
with but little opportunity of determining the age of large trees, which 


are from 50 to 76 feet in height and from 3 to sometimes 6 feet in diameter. 


Fortunately, last year the long-looked for opportunity came of learning 
something definite about the age of these trees through Mr. ©. L. Guppy 

of Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., California. The severe coastal storm of 
1917 uprooted a number of medium and large-sized trees in the Cypress Point 
grove. As the trunks were being sawed into sections Mr. Guppy counted the 
stump rings of three trees which, respectively showed ages of 200, 250, and 
309 years, the oldest tree having a trunk diameter of nearly 6 feet. 
Strangely enough, however, two other trees of unusually straight thrifty 
growth showed respectively only 50 rings for a stump diameter of 2 feet, 
and 75 rings for a diameter of 3 feet. Zvidently the Monterey Cypress 
grows very rapidly in casily permeable soil, the situations opcupied by 

the latter trees, and much more slowly in rocky situations, the,sites occu- 
pied by the older trees cited. 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


a ee ee 


Reclassification; The long deferred reclassification of Government employ- 
ees was finally enacted into law in the last hours of the session of Con- 
gress just closed. Much to the disappointment of the great body of em- 
ployees whose compensation would be directly affected thereby, the salary 
schedules established by the Act will not become effective until July l, 
1924, The reclassification embodied in the Act applies only to civilian 
employees in the executive departments and independent establishments in 
the District of volumbia, but the personnel classification board, con- 
Sisting of representatives of the Bureau of the Budget, the Vivil Service 
commission, and the Bureau of Zfficiency, is required to make a survey of 
the field services and report to Congress at its next regular session 
schedules of positions, grades, and salaries for such services which shall 
follow the principles and rules of the compensation schedules now provided 
in so far as these are applicable to the field services. This report is 
to include a list prepared by the head of each Department, after consulta- 
tion with the board and in accordance with a uniform procedure prescribed 
by it, allotating all field positions in his Department to their approxi- 
mate grades in the schedules and fixing the proposed rate of compensation 
of each employee thereunder in accordance with the rules laid down in the 
Act. 

on hi 


a eee 


WASHINGTUN NOTES (Cont. ) 
Reclassification (Cont.) 


The classification board organized immediately after the passage of 
the Act and is now engaged in working out the procedure necessary to se- 
cure the detailed information from the heads of the Devartments upon which 
the Bureau of the Budget will base its estimates of the cost of reclassi- 
fying the field services to be submitted to Congress at its next session. 


Se ee 


assignment of a special wave length to the forest Service for its use in 
sending radio messages. The control of such assignment falls to the 
Bureau of Standards under its special regulatory powers in connection with 
radio telephony.--P.D.K,. 


PUREST PRGUDUSTS LABURATO RY 


_— 


= 


by the Laboratory in the winter sports carnival parade February 8 at Madi- 
son. itn this parade were many floats, and 2,000 people representing the 
various commercial and other interests. On the Laboratory flaat were two 
logs, both from Alaska, one very large and the other mich smaller with a 
placard, "Through research the small log does the work of the larger one." 
Paul Bunyan, carrying a huge ax and mounted on a mettlesome steed, attracted 
much attention. Une small boy was heard to say, "Did he write "Pilgrim's 
Progress?" The eighty men and women representing the Laboratory, in for- 
estry green and white uniforms with the words, "Forest Products," across 

the front of the caps, were a big feature of the parade, the girls espe- 
cially being responsible for the prize. After the parade, which took place 
at 4;50 in the afternoon, the Queen of the Carnival was crowned and the spe- 
cial program of skiing, skating, ice-boating, and other winter sports began. 


New Mexico Visitor; Earl W. Loveridge, Supervisor of the carson ational 
Forest, spent two days at the Laboratory on his way home from Washington, 
De. GS. 


ganuary 15 dition of Technical Notes: Of special interest to most foresters 
and laymen in this latest issue of Technical Notes is No. 187, entitled 
"What is Meant by 'Hardwoods' and 'Softwoods.'" How many foresters can 
answer this question? Another oopular question is answered by No. 189, 
"Differences Between Heartwood and Sapwood," which gives the distinctions 
between heartwood and sapwood. ‘The results of one of the recent laboratory 
Studies is given in note No. 188, entitled "Kiln Drying Douglas Mr Common 
Lumber." Cther notes are as follows: 


181. Moisture-esistant Coatings for Wood. 

182. .Details of Nailing for Jommon Styles of Boxes. 
183. Metal Stravs on Boxes. 

184, Utilization of Blue Stained Lumber. 

185, Action of Water on Zinc Shloride in Wood. 

186. Coatings that Prevent Hnd vhecks.- 


NOATHERN DISTRICT 


DISTRICT 1 - 


PS 


ee 


of northern Idaho this year. As much as 42 cents an acre was paid by 34 
timber owners in the Coeur d'Alene Timber Protective Association, 

In every respect except in the presence of logging operations and 
areas of slash, the fire hazard on adjoining National forests is probably 
greater than on this private land. In most cases the method of handling 
fires is different from that employed by the forest Service, and this differ-— 
ence makes & comparison of costs for a dry season like 1922 very interesting. 
The total expenditure per acre for protection for four associations is given 
op. osite the amount per acre expended by the nearest National Forest. 


Shu 


DISTRICT 1 (Cont. ) 


per Nat'1 Cost per 
Assn. Acre Forest Acre 
Pend Oreille Tis - Pend Oreille 5.6¢ 
Coeur d'Alene 42¢ Coeur d'Alene 8.1¢ 
Potlatch 26¢ St. Jos 11.6¢ 
Clearwater 8¢ Clearwater 9.1¢ 


The protection of 1,465,000 acres of private land cost $330,000, 
while for 2,680,000 acres of National Forest adjoining these areas the 
Forest Service spent for protection only %227,000. 

The protection plans of the Clearwater Assn. are quite similar to 
those of the National Forests, which may or may not account for its favor- 
able record. 

In results obtained, the difference is also in favor of the National 
Forests, as is shown in the following compatison: 


Four ~ 4 Nat'l 
peer eneren Saas See eS ee ee Assns. ___Forests 
Le Cost-oF protection see 1,000 acres protected 237 : $85 
2. Area burned over per 1,000 A. 26 A. i 5 AY 
mz M.B.F. merchantable timber dest. per 1,000 A. 108 i 18 M 
4, Damage done per 1,000 acres | $412 $51 


DISTRICT 2 = HOCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 
The Annual Planting Report for De2, which was submitted to the Forester on 
March 1, shows that a total of 4,115 acres was planted during 1922. ‘This 
is the largest area ever planted in this District in a single year, al- 
though the area has been exceeded in the past when large areas of direct 
seeding were being done, 

Among the outstanding features of the year’s work, may be mentioned 
the large area planted on the Minnesota Forest - 1,760 acres at an average 
cost of $4.38 per acre. Supervisor Marshall is speeding up the job and 
hopes to complete the reforestation of all denuded areas within the noxt 
five years. 

On the Nebraska Forest, 947.6 acres were planted at a cost of $21.22 
per acre. The average cost of planting on the Bessey Division, $21.22, was 
$8.03 cheaper than 1921 and $17.36 cheaper than the peak prices of 1920. 

It is expected that the average cost will soon be reduced to $15.00 per 
acre because of more efficient methods and a greatly increased output. 

The report shows that there were 11,297,000 trees on hand in the 
nurseries on December 1 and that 3,986,000 were distributed during the year. 
The total area planted in this District to the end of 1922 was 

27,400 acres. The direct seeding amounts to 25,133 acres, grand total of 
52,533 acres. It was estimated recently that the area of successful planta- 
tions, including all areas half-stocked or better, amounts to 31,617 acres, 
or 604 of the area forested. The area of successful plantations is good 
when ons considers the amount of seed that was scattered to the winds years 
ago without any experimental data to indicate that this method of reforesta- 
tion was practicable. The early failures on the Nebraska and other Porasts 
also helped to swell the total area of failures. 


5. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTIAN DISTRICT 


OS ae I 


first sawmill of any Msp eadiiy in perenne was erected in i Ho me 1881 
by idward Ayers. Two years later it was taken over by the Riordan Bros. 
This sawmill is one of the oldest established manufacturing plants of any 
kind in Arizona, The investment in Arizona mills,of which there are thirt 
one, is estimated at ten million dollars and the value of the yearly out- 
put at slightly less than five million dollars. The Arizona lumber mills 
operate 175 miles of railroad, seven locomotives, and three hundred log 
cars, 


Forestry Missionary: Assistant District Forester Kircher has asters 
talked forestry to the Brazilian Minister of Agriculture. He stated ina 
letter, written January 20, that such an arrangement was made for the next. 
week. "Brazil is the big reservoir," says Kircher, "from which future 
Supplies of lumber will come. Some day a lot of it will reach the United 
States and I'd like to venture the guess that development will be largely 
by American capital. When the time comes I hope that foresters will take 

a prominent part in the development and perpetuation of these wonderful — 
resources. Most of the Brazilians realize that there is a great deal to 

be learned from the United States and they are anxious for information." | 


Wild Dogs: Last summer one of the boys on the Black Range Crest trail crew. 
had his female Airedale in camp, which mated with @ police dog. Her owner © 
was called on to augment the protective force at Diamond Peak, and when wo 
was over he returned home with the Airedale for only a short time before _ 
going to Hurley to seek work. The Airedale evidently thought he had re- 
turned to Diamond Peak and she went there to find him. While-there, she 
gave birth to nine puppies, according to Hugh Hodge of the Diamond Bar 
ranch, although one died shortly after birth, as it was found in the den, 
The result was as usual. A mother with eight puppies to feed must have 
Something to eat. She naturally did what she knew to be wrong - calf 
killing - and thus evaded man at every turn, Since her puppies have be-= 
come larger, their range of territory is widening. Their tracks have been 
seen seven miles down on either side of the Black Range and, unless already 
captured, hunter Inman, of the Biological Survey, is having his hands full, 
At last reports, Mr. Hodge said it was nearly impossible to gh or to ap- 
proach close enough to shoot these dogs.--Gila. 


DISTRICT 4 - INTURIDUNTAIN DISTRICT 


"The Girl Behind the Firing Line": Yesterday afternoon a meeting of the 
whole office was held at which Miss Rosalie Holberg read a story by Ir. 
Will C. Barnes, "The Girl Behind the Kiring Line," which appeared in the 
last "American Forestry." If you have this magazine around your office, 
be sure and read it; if you don't, you can read the mimeograph reprint 
which we are going to send out soon. This is a great story for clerks and 
stenographers and for forest rangers' wives, too, It shows how these people, 
who perhaps are often just about forgotten in the Forest Service organiza- 
tion and who arg considered as just somebody to handle the routine without 
balling it all up, can really be essential parts of the Forest Service ma- 
Chine and take a real live interest in the broader work of the Service, 

It is a great story. We expect all the girls around here to come to work 
with bobbed hair and short skirts and use all kinds of snappy language, 
besides taking a better interest in the essentials of the work of the for- 
est Service after hearing this story read. 


Timber Sale Business Picking Up: Forest Management expects a busy season 
ahead and lots of work in timber sale business. At the present time there 
is an informal application for 44 million feet on the Payette. On the 
Boise preparations are being made for a 30 million foot sale, while a large 
land exchange ig pending with the Boise Payette Lumber Company. The Targhee 
Forest will have a 62 million foot sale, while on the Manti there is appli- 
cation for about 47 million feet. Inquiries are being received regarding 
the Grays River timber, as well as a flood of inquiries regarding the possi- 
bilities of the Provo Rivor timber amounting to 104 million feet. The 


keen 


DISTRICT 4 (Cont. ) 


Timber Sale Business Picking Up (Cont.): 

promised development of steel business at Springville is stimulating these 
inquiries. The Park City mines have decided to become satisfied with 
native timber and are demanding large amounts from the Wasatch and Uinta 
Forests. The Standard Timber Company is asking us to get ready for an 
application for 50 to 100 million feet of timber in the upper Green River 
region for next year. These are the larger operations, but there is also 
a considerable increase in small timber sale business, and a number of 
sales which have been dormant for several years are coming to life again. 
Not so bad for a treeless district. 


ee 


shown in cooperation with the California State Auto Association at the 
Pacific Automobile Show, San Francisco, in February. The setting con- 
Sisted of a raging forest fire shovm on a circular painted background, 
with burned stumps and logs and the figure of a ranger with shovel in 
hand in the foreground. The scene is lighted by flashing red lights, 
with flames produced by strips of colored silk agitated by electric fans, 
and smoke made by chemicals, The speotacular exhibit formed the piece de 
resistance in a large room which was converted by the Auto Association into 
an outdoor setting, with painted mountain scenery on the walls, real tree 
trunks and an overhead caropy of green branches. On one wall there was a 
mountain pass with miniature automobiles climbing the different grades; 
another wall showed fertile valley land with mountains in the background, 
while in a corner an auto-camp scene framed in trees added realism. The 
entire layout was conceived by Paul Fair of Public Relations, the painting 
done by Frank J. MacKenzie, and the greenery furnished by the officers of 
the Plumas National Forest, who went out into five feet of snow to secure 
the trees and branches which added so materially to the attractivenrss of 
the exhibit, A tally of visitors, made daily, showed that over 45,019 
people viewed this exhibit during the week of the Auta Show. 


Arbor Day: California Tree Planting Week was celebrated March 4-10 and 
Arbor Day on March 7. ‘The latter was first observed in this State on Novem- 
ber 27, 1886, and has been held annually ever since, the date having been 
Changed by the State legislature in 1915 to coincide with Luther Burbank's 
birthday. ‘Zhe history of this celebration is rather interesting, ruming 
as follows; 1,500 years ago, in a little Swiss village, the decision was 
reached to plant an oak grove on the common and a special day set aside 
for the work, in which everyone in the town took part, In the evening 
there was a festival for the grown folks and a wheaten bun was given each 
Child. The State of Nebraska was the leader of Arbor Day observance in 
America through the efforts of former Secretary of Agriculture J. Sterling 
Morton, who in 1872 suggested to the Governor that a day be set aside for 
the systematic planting of trees, 


From the Seattle Lab. Mr. Zimmerman is working on a report covering strength 
tests of various species of telephone poles. Tho retort will cover tests of 
fifteen groups of poles rumning fifteen and twenty to the group. Strength 
data covering the foliowing will be shown; western red cedar from Idaho, 
Washington, Oregon, and Montana; northern white cedar from Minnesota; lodge- 
pole pine from Colorado, Montana, and California; western hemlock and Doug- 
jas fir from Washington, and Zngelmann spruce from Colorado, Comparative 
strength data will also be shown for tests made by the Yorest Service stand- 
ard method of testing telephones poles and the method formerly employed by 

the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company, 


ay i 


DISTRICT 6 (Cont. ) 


ae 


A Going Hound: A man who was employed as a Ranger upon the Colville several 
years ago was called on to run the lines of a homestead claim on unsurveyed 
land. When asked later how he did it, with utter frankness, replied: "Il 
Surveyed the claim by leaps and bounds." Also the following was reported 
by the same scholar when seed collecting was being carried on in this for- 
est, "I have now collected twelve sacks of pine combs," 


Valuable Contacts: Supervisor Weigle of the Snoqualmie will take a prominent 
part in affairs of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce for 1923. He has been 
elected chairman of the Committee on Mountains and is also a member of two 
other committees - Tours, and Smoke Nuisance. 


DISTRICT 7 ~ PASTIAN DISTRICT 


Returning the Favor: In 1907 the New York Zoological Gardens sent out to 
the Wichita Game Preserve 15 head of buffalo, representing four distinct 
strains, Under the favorable conditions existing on the Oklahoma preserve, 
the buffalo have thrived and the herd has been increased to 145 head, in- 
cluding 59 which have been given away to various outside agencies. On the 
other hand, in this period of 16 years the New York Zoo herd has steadily 
declined, one contributing factor being that the 15 head sent to the Wichita 
were probably the very best of the herd at that time, In addition, the Zoo 
has furnished excsllent specimens to various other herds on different occa- 
Sions, Some time ago the Zoo imported a number of buffalo from the Yellow- 
stone Park herd, but these encountered difficulties in acclimatization and 
the importation was not successful. As a result, the Zoo is now requesting — 
the Forest Service to supply it with breeding stock from our Wichita herd 
and two bulls and four cows will be furnished this spring. 


National Forest Examiner C. B. Brereton, who has been in charge of Law En- 
forcement in this District for the past three years, is now in Hot Springs, 
Arkansas, having been detailed for some time to the Arkansas Forest on ac- 
count of the incendiary situation there. Instructions from District Yor- 
ester Reed state that he wants the fire situation in the South looked over 
and a report made to him in order that plans to introduce Law =nforcement 
in District 7 may be made prior to the fire season, 


ABS 


Service Bulletin 


Vol. VII, No. 13. Washington, D. ¢. March 26, 1923. 


If the business is measured by receipts, the Coeur d'Alene leads 
all the rest. If the yardstick is volume cut - Wrong! It is the Tongass. 
Standing seventh in total tirver sale receipts for the five fiscal years 
1918-1922, inclusive, it leads all Forests in volume cut for the period 
1917-1921, with a reported cut of 196,000 M for the period. The 1922 
figures are not yet available. And now comes a report from Juneau saying 
that "The outlook for timber sale business this season is better than ever 
before.” 

The Tongass has not waited for the davelopment orf its certain pulp 
and paper industry to do business, Sawtimber and piling ars sold in quan- 
tity, for use chiefly in the fish industry. ‘That industry has recovered 
from its depression, and this spring is demanding a lot of piling to re- 
build its fish traps, and has loaded the local sawmills with orders for 
boxes. arly starts this season are the result and the cargo export of 
lumber to foreign markets may be dropped, after a good start, to meet 
local needs. 

The small pulp mill on Port Suettisham has been running all winter. 
Advertisement of the equivalent of two billion board feet has begtin, in 
the expectation of the establishment of a large paper mill on Thomas Bay. 
Other projects look more certain than for the past two years, as the ris- 
ing price of pulpwood, pulp and paper in the Jast make consumers and pro- 
ducers squirm uneasily and consider Alaskan opportunities more seriously. 

Gven the shingle people are getting interested, and there is a 
plan for establishing a shingle mill at Ketehikan, his would solve the 
problem of a market for the smail percentage of red cedar in the typical 
Stand of sawtimber or pulpwood in the southern part of the Tongass. 

The Big Twelve in timber sale receipts 1918-22 —- Coeur d'Alene, 
$500,200; Whitman-Minam, $456,500; Kaniksu-Pend Oreille, $441,375; 
Coconino, $331,600; Plumas, $315,500: Crater, $298,400; Tongass, $297,300; 
Stanislaus, $256,375; Lassen, $253,950; Shasta, $238,900; Medicine Bow, 
$232,200; Arkansas, $204,960. The hyphenated forests hold their places 
if the appendices are dropped. 


CONSEDER THE CITRUS MAN 


yl 
ra 


By H. N. Wheeler, D-2 


At a recent Commercial Club meeting in Denver, a circus~advertising 
man held forth on ways and means of filling the "big top." The only way 
to get a man to go to a circus is to maks him want to = not admittedly, 
to ail intents and purposes it's to give the youngsters an outing - never- 
theless, the only way to get the prospective attendant to see past the 
long street car ride, the dusty walk to the lot, the jostling crowds, the 
hot, stuffy tent and hard seats, is to make him want to see the show. To 
do this, convincing arguments, reason, logic are less then nothing. But 


CONSIDER THS GIRWS MAN (Cont. } 


in every adult there is a remnant of the 12-year old brain, susceptible 
to the touch of 12-year old methods. After seeing the bright colored 
posters every day for two weeks, we just can't resist. 

Without creating a desire for forests, we can argue and reason 
through eternity, with ro more effect than water on the proverbial duck's 
back. But create in the nostrils the perfume of the pines, in the mind's 
eye the joyful sight of forest-clad mountains, season it with a few trout, 
maybe a grouse, or even some big’ game, and we have anally. It is not the 
12-year old mind and emotions, but the stone age mentality and instincts 
which, in this case, command the faculties of reason. Many of us feel 
that this isn't forestry, neither is designing and tacking up posters 
much of a circus stunt, but it fills the seats. The beil merely swings 
in its tower till there is an ear to hear it - then it rings. 


ARORA SE CIN A SN Sai De 


By Ward See Washington 


Following an insistent public demand, Congress has appropriated 
$50,000 for to new forest experiment stations - one in the Northeast 
(New England and New York), the other in the Lake States. In New =ngland, 
Ss. 1. Dana, formerly of the Forest Service and now State Forester of Maine, 
took the lead in the fight for a Federel station. In the Lake States, | 
Several public service associations did the bulk of the work. Much credit 
is due the American Forestry Association for helping to bring about in 
these regions a wider populer understanding of what forest research is 
and why it plays a necessary part in restoring our forests. This under- 
Standing was the basis of the campaign that has now ended in success. 

Steps are already bsing taken to draw up a sort of "eligible list" 
for the staffs of the two stations. We have also asked the opinions of a 
number of competent foresters, wniversity authorities, etc., as to suit- 
able locations for these stations. The plan will be to have, in each 
region, a central headquarters and several substations in the main forest 
types. 

One of the outstanding needs in the Northeast is to coordinate the 
forest research under way there, to which will now be added Federal re- 
search. In both regions there is a fine chance for leadership, and both 
Stations will offer unsurpassed opyortunities for foresters who are in- 
terested in silvical research. 

Two wore stations have thus been added toward the Department's 
goal of 10 or 12 regional stations for the entire United States. ‘Jestern 
foresters who are impatient of the slow financial advancement of the weste 
ern stations should remember that these four new eastern stations are the 
result of public understanding of forest ressgarch and of the forest prob- 
lem, combined, of course, with anxiety about the shortage of timber in 
the Zast. 


A NEW POSSIBILITY IN FIRE SUPPRESSION 
Byles aa ae 
Priest River sxperiment Station 


An Associated Press dispatch recently announced the discovery of a 
method of causing the disappearance and precipitation of clouds by spray- 
ing electrified sand into them from an airplane. This has just been veri- — 
fied by an interview in the New York Times by Orville Wright, who wit- 
nessed one of the tests. In cooperation with the Army Air Service, two 
investigators, Dr. Bancroft of Cornell and L. 3. Warren, have been con- 
ducting experiments at McCook flying field for a year and a half, chiefly 
with the object of removing clouds and fogs over aviation fields, cities 
and harbors. This new development should be of interest to foresters, 
because of the promise it holds of application in fire fighting during 
cloudy but rainless weather. 

In the experiments an airplane was used, carrying about 8&0 pounds 
of sand, of about 150 mesh, with a wind-driven electric generator operating 
a device for charging the sand with high voltages. The sand was given a 
tharge of .0006 electro static units per grain, and was scattered through 


atin 


A _NBW POSSIBILITY IN FIRE SUPPRESSION (Cont. ) 


the action of the plane propeller at a height of about 500 feet above the 
tops of the clouds, the plane traveling ata; rate of about 100 miles per 
hour. The time taken to precipitate and destroy the clouds from the period 
of the first attack to the period of disappearance rarely exceeded 10 an 
utes. 

Fire studies by the Forest Service have found that a high humidity - 
acts very quickly in raising the moisture content of forest floor materials. 
Higher moisture contents in turn mean lower inflammability and greater ease 
of control of a going fire. It very often happens, however, that cloudy 
weather occurs during the time of fighting a large fire, yet the accompany- 
ing high humidity may not be alone sufficient to extinguish or even materi- 
ally kill down the fire front. With the suécessful application of the new 
process of precipitating the moisture in clouds, it is conceivably possible 
for an airplane to fly over the fire front and cause a measurable precipi- 
tation of moisture from clouds which otherwise might fail to produce rain. 

In the numerous tests at McCook field, the investigators have re- 
peatedly dissipated clouds. These clouds varied in size from several thou- 
sand feet in length and breadth to several miles; in thickness from 500 to 
1,500 feet; in altitude from 2,800 to 10,000 feet. Light, fleecy clouds 
of no great moisture content were dispelled without precipitation reach- 
ing the ground, the moisture being absorbed by the lower, dry air levels. 
These experiments may prove of great, value to the Forest Service when the 
detailed methods have been perfected. So,far as known, this method has not 


yet been tried out with a view of dissipating thunderheads and breaking 
up electrical storms. 


AMERICAN FORESTRY'S PRIZE STORY CONTEST 
By The Editor | 


Por the best story on ‘the sub ject "My Most =xciting Zwxperience as a 
Forest seizing a American Forestry offers the following prizes: 


First prize - A No. 956 Hamilton Watch in 25-year gold case. 


Second prize - A Winchester Model '94 Carbine, chambered for 32 
. special Winchester cartridgsa. 


Third prize - A Comfort Sleeping Pocket, with air mattress and 
pillow inclosed within a WaereT eet. felt-Lined 
cover. Weight, 12 pounds. 


fourth prize - Choice of a bait or fly model Bristol Casting Rod. 


All forest Fangers employed by the State and Federal services ara 
eligible. dangers should not hesitate to compete because they think they _ 
can not write. This is not a contest for "fine writing." Select what you ” 
consider your most exciting experience as a Forest Ranger and tell it - 
on paper - in your own way and in your own a er die Meas ar ee should 
not exceed 1,200 words. 

Fores t Rangers' wives are also ea have the VEG foots of competing 


in this contest. Jor the best manuscript on ‘The ae rey s Wife! 
the following prizes are offered; 


First prize = Fifty Dollars. 

Second prize - Thirty-five Dollars. 

Third prize - Twenty-five Lollars. 

Fourth prize - som Dollars. 
Woman's part in the saving of American forests is an unwritten story, of 
which the outsids werld mows littie or nothing. Her problems, her hard- 
Ships, her loneliness, the conditions under which she mst often live and 


_ rear a family, the ways in which she helps her husband with his forest 


=e 


AMERICAN FORESTRY'S PRIZE STORY CONTEST (Cont.) 


work, what she enjoys most in the forest life are all vital human elements 
in America's forest movement. The contest is open to all women who are 
wives of forest rangers in the State and Federal forest services. Manu- 
scripts should not exceed 2,500 words. Where photographs, illustrating 
any phases of the life of the ranger's wife or the conditions under which 
She lives, are available, they should accompany the manuscript. 

The following instructions apply to both contests: 


1. Stories must be based on actual experiences relating to work or 
life as a forest ranger or as a forest ranger's wife. 

2, Manuscripts may be written in longhand or on the typewriter, 
but one side of the paper only should be used. 

5. If possible, accompany manuscript with several photographs 
Showing striking activities of forest life. These need not bear directly 
upon your story, but if they do, so much the better. 

4. Write name and address plainly on the manuscript and mail it 
to AM“RICAN FORESTRY, 914 Fourteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., so 
that it will arrive before June 1, 1923. Mark "Ranger Story Contest” in 
lower left-hand corner of envelope. 

Manuscripts which do not win prizes will be considered for later 
publication in AMERICAN FORESTRY, but unaccepted manuscripts will not be 
returned unless accompanied by return postage. 


KAIBAB SQUIRRELS 
By W. C. Barnes, Washington 


In his annual game report, the Supervisor of the Colorado Forest 

reports the presence there of what is known as the Kaibab squirrels. 
This was rather a surprise to us, as we have always had the idea here in 
the Washington office that the "Kaibab" form of the beautiful white-tail 
Squirrels found in northern Arizona on the Kaibab Forest belonged there, 
and there only. 

There are two varieties of this white-tailed animal: The Abert - 
named after Lieut. Abert, who explored northern Arizona many years ago-— 
and the Kaibab. 

Looking the matter up in different works on the subject, and more 
particularly Mr. =. W. Nelson's "Smaller Mammals of North America," pub- 
lished in the National Geographic Magazine for May, 1918, it is learned 
that while the Abert species is found in the yellow pine regions of the 
Rockies, from central Colorado south through New Mexico to and into 01d 
Mexico, along the Sierra Madre Mountains, they are also found in the yel- 
low pine regions of Arizona south of the Grand Canyon. 

Ir. Nelson believes that originally the two species were one, but 
that the Kaibab form became cut off from the Arizona family by the Grand 
Canyon, where its isolation resulted in the development of marked peculi- 
arities and substantial differences in coloring, stc. 

It was doubtless the Abert squirrel that was noted by the Colorado 
Supervisor - a very natural mistake when the two are compared. If, how- 
ever, it was the Kaibab, then the range of that variety will have been 
greatly extended. 

The Abert squirrel exists in comparatively large numbers in the 
National Forests on the south side of the Grand Canyon in northern Ari- 
zona, while the Kaibab squirrel is found only on the north side in the 
Kaibab Forest. They are very much alike to the ordinary observer, but a 
Study of the illustrations in Mr. Nelson's book shows that there are marked 
differences which should be remembered. The Abert squirrel has black cars 
and white belly, while the Kaibab squirrel has red ears and a black belly; 
the ears of each are tufted; and both have beautiful, long white tails, 
though my observation leads me to believe that there is more white on the 
tail of the Kaibab squirrel than on the Abert. 

It would be interesting to have all of our Supervisors keep their 
eyes open during the coming summer to ascertain just where in the various 
Forests these squirrels may be found. They are not very numerous anywhere, 
and apparently do not seem to be increasing in numbers to any great extent. 


a » 


SS 


By Arthur EH. Abbott, D-l 


Did you read ths Fire Eater's article from Bebe 5, page 2, Feb. 
26 number of the Service Bulletin? 

Has the writer been using a correct measure t6 judge by? How much 
difference is there in the number of man-caused fires for the several 3 or 
5-year pericds since the Forest Service assumed charge of the Forests? 
And what is the corresponding difference in the number of Forest users, 
that is, campers, visitors and permittees of one sort or another? What 
is the attitude of the average Forest user compared with the attitude of 
the Forest user five, ten or fifteen years ago? As a matter of fact, is 
there not a very noticeable improvement in the care exercised by the Gen- 
eral fublic? That thera is yet ample room for improvement is no question, 
but there is equally no question but that we are getting good results with 
our present methods of fire prevention propaganda. Are not our man-caused 
fires, considering the increased number of Forest users, proportionately 
far less than in the past? 

for District One the following figures are pertinent; 


: : 1920 
i : : : fy (981 
lS-year ; : : :: 1922 
average ; 1920 : 1921 : 1922 :3 Seyear 
epee nee ee See NS picketed ape Miah WAR ed Franlipa ss Neca cde: lori Pale Ala bbalahonce pi Wie BEDE INS aldo he Aa 
No. fires : eng : 435 : 917 : 568 : 640 


per year ; 


The three-year average is but 82 per cent of the 15-year average 
in spite of the fact that many more people use the Forests than formerly. 
There is also the fact that fires are reported much more closely during 
the last three years than formerly. What is a correct "measuring stick?" 


WA OTT A NEI, VU dE 


Theodore Shoemaker, who has been on a six weeks! detail in the Office of 
Public Relations, will return to District 1 next Saturday by way of the 
Madison Laboratory. 


The Latest Forest Service Film 'Red HZnemy," which was made in cooperation 
with associations in District 6, has been sent to Portland. The Office 

of Motion Pictures of the Dopaltnout hopes to secure a commercial distribu- 
tion for this film. 


WANTED’ 


From time to time request is made to the Washington office for cop- . 
ies of Dr. Sampson's "The Reseeding of Depleted Grazing Lands to Culti- 
vated Forage Plants" (U. S. Dept, Agr. Bulletin 4). The stock of this 
bulletin is exhausted both in the Washington office ard at the Superin- 
tendent of Public Tocument's offive; unfortunately, the plates of this 
publication were inadvertently destroyed so that a reprint can not be ob- 
tained. Any members of the Forest Service who haves copies of this bulle- 
tin that are not "working" will render a favor by shipping such into the 
Washington office. 


eT LI en 


King "Tut" Also Was a Wood User: When the arcient Egyptians of 5,5UU years 
ago equipped King Tutenxhamen for his long journey through the spirit world, 
they provided him wit) mocy articles made of weod, The time~resisting qual- 
ities of the material, jrcperly protected, are indicated by the splendid 
condition of these furnisnixgs of long ago. Many of the boxes are of wood, 
the four chariots are almost entirely of this material, as are also the fan- 


tastic effigies of sacred animals. Zbony has freqnently been mentioned in 


ies 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY (Cont. ) 
King "Tut" Also Was a Wood’ User (Concluded) 


the cable reports from Luxor, and apparently various hardwoods are repre- 
sented. The identification of these woods is awaited with interest. 


Laminated Map Boards Withstand Service on Lookouts: Reports from the field 
indicate good service from the laminated mep boards prepared by the Labor- 
atory for use at lookcut stations. One Supervisor writes; "These boards 
have been uniformly better than any heretofore in use on this Forest, and 
without exception have behaved very well under test of actual use. It is 
believed that these boards have not been in vse long enough to determins 
whether there is any difference in the wearing qualities of them." 
The boards will be reported upon again after this year's services 


DESPRIGT 2 = SOCKY MOUNTAIN DinwRTOT 

Timber Sales in D-2: A sale of approximately 4,000 cords of aspen on the 
Rio Grande Fore Forest has recently been made to the Nepsa’Coc:-srage Company, 
Denver, stumpage rate being 35¢ por cord. This company h 3 recently estab— © 
lished a cooperage plant in Denver which is the first ind «try of this 
character established in the Rocky Mountain region. Ther are extensive 
areas of aspen in Colorado for which only a limited marke exists and in- 
dications are that there is a possibility of a decided increase in the 
utilization for such products in the future. 


The Depressisn in the Cattle Industry seems to be hitting 211 phases of 
the business and is not sxcepting the thoroughbred or registered business, 
One of the best thorovghbred herds in the State of Colorado and which has 
taken, perhaps, as many ribbons at the National Western Stock Show in re- 
cent years as any othor, in the past few days has been sold over the block 
in its entirety, leaving the owners with a very extensive ranch property 
.on their hands fully squipped for this particular kind of business and 
good for no other activity. Thore seems, however, to be a general feeling 
that the situation must get better and those who are able to hold on will 
eventually come out of it. 


New Signs for D-2:4, L. Richey, Supervisor of the Holy Cross, has spent ten 
days in the District Office, following the Supervisors’ Meet ing here, pre- 
paring pattern copy and ie glsica, MaRS for 1,000 signs required to sign 

_ this District, 


DISTRICT 3 - SCUTHVESTZAN DISTRICT 


Tonto Office Moves to Phoenix; The headquarters of the Tonto have been 
moved from Roosevelt to Phoenix, and hereafter all mail for that Forest 
Should be addressed to Forest Supervisor, Zllis Bldg., Phoenix, Arizena. 


Growth: forest officers are often asked how long is required to produce a 
tree of a certain size. The following table was prepared from measure- 
ments taken on the Sitgreaves National Forest. The conditions of growth 
on this Forest are rather favorable: 


Age D.B.H. Age D.B.H. Age D.B.H. 
Years Inches Years Inches Years Inches 
50 9.3 120 20.2 190 25.8 
60 11.2 130 21.2 200 25.6 
70 13.1 140 22el 210 27.0 
_ 80 14.7 15u 23.0 220 27.5 
pee 99 16,2 160 23.8 230 27.8 
100 oritas 170 24.5 240 28.1 
110 19.0 160 25.2 250 28.35 


~-6= 


DISTRICT 3B (Cont. } 


Road Signs: The Miami-Superior Highway is one of the few roads within the 
Vational Porests of the Southwest which has been kept free of advertising 
signs, This fact has been commented upon quite favorably by tourists and 
local people who have occasion to travel this road. The absence of signs 
is due very largely to notices which Supervisor Swift has had posted at 
conspicuous points along the road and at the forest boundary. ‘These 

signs are in standard color and inform the public that posting of signs 

is prohibited. It was necessary in one instance to go so far as to se= 
cure an order from the Attorney General authorizing an occupancy tres- 
pass in order to secure the removal of advertising signs on rocks along 
this road. It was not, however, necessary to press the suit as the offend- 
ers removed the signs. It is believed that similar signs along main high- 
ways on the National Forests would result in very greatly reducing the 
advertising sign nuisance. 


ee ee a a ee 


The Union Pacific Railroad has become mush interested in the development 
of the scenic attractions of southern Utah since it has acquired the Salt 
Lake and Los Angeles route. A branch line is being built to Cedar city 
which is promised to be operating by July 1. The railroad plans to spend 
$35,000 in developing tourist accommodations at Cedar Breaks at once. 
They are also greatly interested in the Kaibab Forest, Bryce Canyon and 
Zion National Park, although conditions do not warrant the development 

of definite plans tor improvements at these points at this time. 


Soap _ and Screw Holes; If you have a meddlesome wood rat in your storeroom 
and his removal is desired, simply suspend a dried prune three inches above 
the peddle of a No. 0 trap and the rat is your victim. I had been combat- 
ing wood rats all -yinter, trying to trap them or entice the pests to eat 
poisoned cheese or grain, but with no success. The cat and Airedale dog 
gave chase time and time again, but there was always something in the road 
to obstruct their hot pursuit. I removed everything in the storeroom to 
assist in the chase, but at that the three of us were too slow. I was 
conversing with a woodchopper when the subject of wood rats came up; he 
related his success and secret of trapping wood rats with dried prunes. 

I tried it and caught one every night until they were exterminated. If 
they harbor in your storeroom you try it. The only drawback is that the 
"bounty" is extremely low.--Ranger Wells (Humboldt). 


ea ee re ee SR ee a ee CE 


District Five Sets Another High Mark; District 5 has submitted a land ex- 
change proposal which contemplates the conveyance to the Government of 
2,858.36 acres of privately-owmed land containing half a million feet 

of timber in exchange for 27.79 acres of cut-over National Forest land 
upon which there remains an estimated stand of %,000 feet of timber. 

In other words, the Government acquires more than 100 acres of land for 
every acre which it grants and 10,000 feet of merchantable timber for 
every thousand feet it gives away. 

Barrett, with his customary caution, appends a brisf note praying 
that the Washington office will not take this case as a precedent for 
District Five land exchange values, but, nevertheless, the VYashington 
office does entertain the fond hope that the District will eventually 
Surpass even this shining record.--L. 2... 


Special uses shows that on December S51 we had a total of 5,401 recreation 
permits in effect on this District, as compared with 2,822 permits at the 
Close of 1921, This is a gain of 579 permits in the year, or about 15 
per cent. There are now 3,073 summer home permits in effect, and 288 per- 
mits covering hotels, resorts, municipal camps and other recreational fea- 
tures. The leading forests in the order nemed are the Angeles, Zldorado, 
Sierra, Stanislaus, Sequoia and Cleveland. These 3,4U1 recreation permits 
produce an annual revenue to Uncle Sam in rentals of over %5U,l000, and the 
estimated value of the improvemeats is in excess of £3,tU0,UU0. 


=i 


‘ 


DISTRICT 5 (Cont. ) Prec ae 


dangers \Jar on Forest Outlaws: Forest Rangers last year killed: 274 mountain 
lions, coyotes and bobcats on the National Forests of California. The de- 
struction of these forest outlaws will save many deer and other game, as 
well as thousands of dollars worth of livestock, all of which are preyed 
upon by these varmints. The Santa Barbara National 7 Forest in Southern 
California heads the list with a kill of 105 coyotes, 53 wild cats and 

41 mountain lions. The destruction of predatory animals is ‘éne of the 
many cooperative activities of the Rangers in the interests of the users 
of the National forests. 


etivistyt Om DOME ray td oh 


The Grazing Business on the Wenatchee is 100 per cent to-the good. All 
grazing permittees have paid their fees for the season of 1922, The 
total amount received for the Sheep and Goats permits is $6,427.88, total 
amount for Cattle and Horses is $559.16. 


Matz Comes _to Portland: National forest Zxaminer fred Matz has been trans- 
ferred from the Crater to the District office to take charge of Timber 
Surveys. Matz brings with him long experience on several forests as Dis- 
trict Ranger.” Deputy Supervisor in timber surveys, and Cfficer in Charge 
of the largest sale in the District.--T.T.M. han, | 
Good Story Spoiled: “urine the. heavy December snows, Ranger Kirkpatrick 
sent in word that the town of Randle was Snowbound, and requested per- 
mission to use Forest Service road tractor, trader, etc., in relieving © 
the blockade. The necessary arrangements were ‘tiade, and : permission 
granted. Later we wrote Wirk for a story of the affair for the “Six” 
Twenty-Six." He replied; "Recent warm rain took away the snow, so the 
equipment was not needed. Providence probably spoiled a mighty fine 
Story. "=-G.3.G. ; 


DISTRIG? 7 - ZASTZAN DISTRICT 


The James River Road Project which runs through the Natural Bridge Nation- 
al Forest for a distance of 6.7 miles amd was constructed with Section f 
8 funds, was formally accepted by the Bureau of Roads engineers on: Febru- 
ary 10, onan the understanding that the brush burning be completed ‘on a 
one-half mile stretch of the road. In attempting to burn this brush on 
February 14, during abnormally dry and:windy weather, the contractors 
allowed the fire to escape to the adjacent forested land, and before it 
was controlled had burned over 590 acres of National forest land and 30° 
acres of privately-owned land. Due to the time of the year and the mois- 
ture in the leaf litter, the damage ves comparatively swall, amounting 

to only $125.90. ‘The cost of suppression was $192.93. It is expected 
thet settlement for the trespass will, be made without question. Three 
men were on the ground when the fire broke out and nine more men arrived 
within ten minutes after the fire originated, but the wind was so high 
that the fire could not be controlled, although ordinarily at this time of 
the year 2a fire should have been controlled without difficulty by one man. 
This fire proved beyond any doubt that, under certain conditions, fires 
are absolutely unmanageable and had the fire occurred in April it would 
have burned over five or six times the acreage. In giving some idea as 
to the velocity of the wind in,the James River gorge, it might be well 

to state that it blew spray from the river at least 30 feet into the air 
and the footboards froma wrd truck-carrying fire fighters were: biown 
from their moorings. A*“tor being revlaced several times they were placed 
in the rear of the truck to reduce wind resistance. Innumerable trees 
were uprooted and the road was blocked in several places and had to ~e 
Cleared to transport men and provisiows. Ages - 


-8- 


(thas 


yyy 


Bulletin 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents,Confidentia! ) 


Vol. Vit, No. 14. Washington, D. C. April a, 192%, 
AN DSFSCTIVE ALLY 202 FARM MOREST MANAGSMEUT 
By ©. R. Tillotson, Washington 


Some recent correspondence with the Federal Land Bank of Spring- 
field, Massachusetts, indicates that one very strong agency is at work 
in the New Ingland, New York, and New Jersey region which is likely to 
do more toward putting over the idea of forestry to the farm woodlot 
owner than all other agencies have been able to accomplish with the 
meaas at their hands. At the present time this banic has loans aggre- 
gating over S21,0L0,000 on 7,0v0 farms. On at least 50 per cent of 
these farms the value of the woodlot is sufficient to warrant taking 
into consideration when the loans are made. Most of ths loans are for 
a psriod of 33 years, and, as our informant stated in his letter, "it 
is quite important for us to do whatever we can to keep the woodlots 
in as good condition as possible.’ If % per cent of these farms, as 
the Federal Land Bank states, have woodlots, the total area in forest 
growth must be considerable, perhaps as much as 200,000 acres, The 
bank has been in existence only since 1916, and is constantly increas- 
ing the amount of its business. The potential effect of its policy, 
which will be discussed a little later in respect to the management of 
farm woods, is bound to be enormous, not only in the particular woods 
which are affected by its loans, but in neighboring woods whose owners 
will gradually come to see the good effect of the management suggested 
by the bank. 

After a loan is made upon a farm in which the timber value of the 
woodlot is taken into consideration, the owner mist obtain permission of 
the bank to cut wood or timber other than a small amount for domestic 
us2 before he can do so. In giving permission, the bank usually requires 
2 special payment to be applied in reduction of the loan, the amount and 
terms depending uvon the kind and amount of forest products to be re- 
moved, the methoc of cutting, the use to be made of the proceeds if 
products are sold, the bank’s margin of security, stce This, in effect, 
is a brake upon cutting operations. In order to get a line uvon these 
questions, the farmer is requested to furnish detailed inrormation as 
to what product he is going to cut, when the cutting is to begin, size 
of the area to de cut over, age of trses to be cut, diameter and kinds 
of the trees to be cut and to be left, whether the woodlot has been 
pastured, whether there is any evidence of injury from various sources, 
and whether after the timber is removed he intends to let the tract 
grow up to timber again or devote it to other purposes. Accompanying 
this eof pa is a 2=page mimeographed article entitled, "Care of 
the Voodlot,"’ in which the principles of cutting and protection under- 
lying sane beta dea are very well expressed, ang the idea also ad- 


vanced that the value of timber on the farm is no¥ generally fully recog- 


nized, and that, if properly handled, ths woodlot may be so developed as 
to pay off the loan. 


AN SPRFIWTIVE ALLY AR PARM WRIST MANAGBIONT (ont. } 


In order to assist the farmer in a good working knowledge of the 
amount of vood and timber on his land, the bank has designed and made 
up two measuring sticks. Une of these is for use in estimating the 
volume in board feet and cords of standing trees; the other is for 
use in scaling logs. The two are offered for salo at a price of $1. 
Apparently, these sticks are designed largely from information taken 
from U. S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin 1210, "Measuring 
and Marketing Farm Timber." 

it seems reasonable to hope that the lead taken by this Spring- 
field bank will be followed by Federal land banks in other districts, 
It will certainly be a boon to farm forestry if such a thing should 
happen. The northeastern section of the country is, of course, the 
logical one for such a movement to start in. Its inception there, how- 
ever, may be partly due to the fact that the President of that bank and 
the ixecutive Assistant who made up the scale sticks were both formerly 
employed in the Office of Marm Management of the Bureau of Plant Indus- 
try, and are somewhat familiar with what forestry means. 


vita P KEED 
By W. C. Barnes, Washington 


On the Mono National Forest in California a number of young steers 
averaging about 18 months were turned loose on June 15, 1922, after being 
weighed, the bunch averaging 550 pounds. on September 15 they were again 
run through the scales preparatory to shipment, and the average was 7UL 
pounds. The gain for exactiy three months thus amounted to 15v pounds 
per animal, or 50 pounds per month. 

Professor Henry, in his booky «.- eds and Reding, gives a mn- 
ber of instances as to increase in the weight of cattle under pasturage 
conditions. The average in over a thousand cases involving the handling 
of yearlings for a period approximating six months showed a gain of 47 
pounds per month at a cost of 1.6 cents per pound. *7or 2-year-olds the 
monthly gain was 25 pounds at a cost of 1.9 cents per pound. These 
gains were on grass alone. 

Based on a 3-months' season at 4 cents, or 18 cents per month, 
the National forest ranges put 150 pounds of flesh on to the above cattle 
at a cost of approximately one-third of a cent per pound. if Professor 
Henry's figures are right - and they are accepted as so by all students 
of cattle feeding - then this showing for the National forest ranges is 
an excellent one. 


a 
2) 


The paper industry is said to be heading the campaign for growing 
timber as acrop. Various concerns at least are known to be taking active 
steps toward the better handling of their forest lands, all of which in- 
dicates that the future supply of pulpwood is regarded as precarious. 
Most of the activity is in spruce, although the Mead Pulp & Paper Company 
of Dayton, Chio, is conducting extensive experiments to determine the 
best species and methods for growing pulpvood in the Ohio Valley, which 
is essentially a hardwood region. +ollowing is a brief description of 
the establishment of a demonstration in the growing of cottonwood on 
farm land not well suited to agriculture - perhaps the first commercial 
plantation of cottonwood in the Northeastern States. 

Ten years ago a farmer in central Pennsylvania set out 250 cotton- 
wood seedlings along the border of his farm. He watched these grow to 
their present size of 8 to 12 inches in diameter and 4 to 5v feet in 
height. A little meditation and calculation convinced him that these 
trees had made him more money than had his corn and hay. They required 
no outlay of labor and attention and yielded a commodity of constantly 
increasing value. In fact, their product is aow worth {5 a cord in the 
standing tree as pulpwood. This served as a demonstration and suggested 
the idea of growing cottonwood for prorit. 


ape 


CoPTONVLLD FOR PULP (Cont.) 
In the spring of 1922 the farmer, Mr. Lynn A. Brua of Hollidaysburg, 
set out a 60-acre field with cottonvood on which he had centinuously grown 
farm crops for 20 years. The soil was stony and subject ta wet spots and i 
in part to floodirg from a stream flowing around two sides. In prepara- ili 
tion the land had been plowed in the fall, and it was freshijydisked in 
the spring before deing set with 10-inch cottonwood cuttings spaced 9 feet 
apart each way, or at the rate of about 50U per acre. Thus, 2 total of 
3U,UL00 cottonwoods was sat. The cost of the entire operations, including 
the careful preparation and accurate marking off the land for plant spots, 
amounted to ¢6.CU per acre, as follows; | 


Average Cost _per Acre of Zstablishing Plantation 


. Hh} 
Plowing and harrowing (reharrowing in spring) ...--+-s. 1.50 Hi) 


50u Cuttings, including cutting and "heeling-in" over 
winter aecreeo0eoacaoneeeaeceoee eho FCe eo eo oe eo ococoeenwmeereee a SLO 


Setting 5vU cuttings (including marking the spots) 
labor d-1/3 days @yeo per day O. a). i. ee | 4.00 


Total cost per acre (exclusive of taxes and interest).. $6.00 


During the first summer (1922), the land was cultivated and the | 
trees hoed: to keep down a troublesome morning-glory vine at’ a cost of nor 
about &5 an acre. This’ feature gould easily have been covered, if desired, 
by growing beans or some other crop-between the rows of trees; no further 
cultivation, it is believed, would have been necessary. 

How much timber will the 60 acres produce and what will it be worth? 
In & years, at a fair estimate, there should be not less than 470 trees 
per acre,each with an average yield of one-fifth cord of pulpwood. This 
makes a total of 94 cords an acre = a large figure, but not believed too 
large by any of the 5 or more different foresters who have looked over the 
ground. Assuming this yield and a stumpage value of¢5 per cord (the 
present value), the gross return will be Gia tree, or $470 an acre. A 
large paper mill is located at Tyrone, a distance of only 14 miles by a 
trunk line railroad, practically assuring a market. it seems likely that 
in 20 years the stumpage value will be double this amount. In 1921 the 
average cost of cottonwood pulpwood at the Pennsylvania mills was {322,58 
a Coy die 2 p2% 6: 

In view of the growing scarcity of pulpwood, the rapid growth of 
cottonwood, and small cost for establishing plantations, it is believed 
that Mr. Brua's example will be followed by other farmers having bottom- 
lands of relatively low value for ordinary farm crops. One man — Iir. Brua - 
has seen the light, and seen it first-hand for himself. Last summer, in 
visiting the plantation, the writer expressed to Ifr. Brua the conviction 
that in planting these forest trees he had become a pionser whose example 
would be followed to an increasing degree. 


NUTES UN PINUS STROBUS IN DROPA 
By W. A. Dayton, Washington 


Among the addresses before the Biological Society of Washington 
recently delivered at the vosinos Club, was a very interesting taik by Dr. 
Perlsy Spaulding of the uffice of worest Pathology Investigations, Bureau 
of Plant Industry, ona recent trip to Gurope in connection with the white 
pine blister rust. 

Dr. Spaulding states that there are quite extensive plantations of 
the species before the war was probably somewhat underestimated by Suropean 
foresters, but that, as a result of the war, he believes the species is 
probably a little overestimated at the present time. This, he thinks, is 
especially true of Switzerland, where the species is apparently held in 


Par 


mR Bie) eee a a ee UR ea aa i 


NUTES ON PINUS STROBUS IN 3ROPD ( Cont.) 


great esteem. Blister rust infestation is very extensive (perhaps esps- 
cially so in Switzerland), the average for Zurope being nearly 10 per cent. 
A tree once attacked by the fungus is doomed. 

Bhotan pine (Pinus excelsa) of the Himalaya Mountains is being grown 
in Surope as a sort of understudy of Pinus strobus. It is probably more 
blight-resistant than strobus, but on the other hand sustains much greater 
damage from snow, This, Dr. Spaulding said, is very noticeable in Switzer- 
land, where strobus remains uninjured, or practically so, in the regions 
of heaviest: snowfall. 

In Great Britain, Douglas fir leads among the American tree species 
so far as extent or success of plantations is concerned. Pinus strobus, 
Dr. Spaulding said, ranks about second, while a close third is a very in- 
teresting canker-resistant hybrid larch that has been obtained from cross- 
ing the Zuropéean and Japanese larch.. The Japanese larch is fairly canker- 
resistant, but the hybrid offspring seems to possess this resistant charac- 
ter to a much greater degree, . 

Dr. Spaulding said that there isa very striking relation of cer- 
tain animals in Great Britain to the reproduction of conifers. The Euro- 
pean jay feeds largely on the seeds of conifers and is an effectual agent 
in limiting tree reproduction; the rabbit is very much of a pest, so that 
it is necessary to establish rabbit fences if reproduction is to be ob- 
tained at all in many parts of. Great Britain. Dr. Spaulding states that 
the Zuropean squirrel has acquired a marked taste for the sugary exudate 
from rust-infested white pines, and that this rodent frequently girdles 
the trees in searching for this sugar. 

Dr. Spaulding states that sugar pine appears to be much more re- 
sistant to the white pine blister rust than is western white pine, but 
that apparently no white pine is quite immune to this parasite. 


PROGRZSS_IN EROSION =XPSRIMZNT AT GREAT BASIN =XP. STATION 


By C. L. Porsling 


As many of you doubtless know, there is an experiment being carried 
out at the Great Basin sxperiment Station to determine the effect of graz- 
ing upon erosion and streamflow. 

In 1918, a bulletin entitled nRange Preservation and Its Relation 
to Srosion Control on Vestern Grazing Lands" was written by Sampson and 
“leyl, which discussed the early results of the experiment. 

The two areas chosen, A and B, were grazed for four years so that 
the relation of erosion and streamflow on the two areas under identical 
conditions could be ascertained. As a matter of fact, there was a great 
deal of difference between the two areas on account of the character o? 
the gullies, and especially the density of vegetation, which was only ,15 
on Area A against .4 on Area B at the beginning of the experiment, | 

The seriousness of the erosion may be judged by the fact that on 
Area A, an average of 1,725 cubic fest of 60il was washed off from the 
lU-acre tract each year. Area A has now been entirely protected from 
erazing for three years, and the density of vegetative cover has risen 
tO, sas Due to this change in vegetation, the run-off produced by 
storms has been reduced 36 per cent. The total run-off from the heavier 
storms which the ground has been unable to absorb completely, has also 
been reduced 36 per cent. The muddiness of the water has been reduced 
so that the amount of sediment washed from Area A is about 60 per cent 
less than what it was during the first four-year period. 

There are a vast number of difficult points connected with this 
experiment, and the figures given above may not be entirely accurate, 
although they doubtless express substantially the results obtained by the 
protection of Area A- 


SS 


By C. V. Cooke, Harney 


Yes, they do climb trees. During the summer of 1921, the Drew 
Ranger Station was badly infested with chipmunks, aud 1 spént a number of 
Sundays and svenings practicing on them with a rifle. On two occasions I 
remember distinctly of shooting them out of trees, once at an elevation 
of about twenty-five feet.-- ss 
ie 


WASHINGTUN NUTES 


A Complaint from the Alps: "There is a tendency to make the forests a jack- 
of-all-trades; mathematician and engineer, administrator and trader, farmer, 
scientist, hunter and fisherman; and why not also, I ask, wine maker and 
confectioner, so thet he can offer the hunters after the roast and ragout 
their dessert and wine?"--Journal tbrestier Suisse. 


=e SS 


in the various annual reports, lists the following: On one forest four cows 
were found dead with their noses and lips sticking full of porcupine quills. 
The poor animals in their efforts to dislodge the spears had only rubbed 
them still deeper into the flesh and evidently died of starvation. 

Sixteen head of cattle died from eating dynamite left by careless 
miners on buulders, stumps and logs, Wo, Josephine, they didn't fall over | 
a cliff and explode after eating the stuff but were poisoned. Why a foolish i 
old cow will insist on eating dynamite is one of the unsolved problems of | 
the day, but she does - and dies for her peculiar taste. i 

A large mamber or cattle were reported killed by careless hunters. | 
California reported the most, which indicates that their hunters out on the 
coast need information as to the difference between a deer and a COW. A 
man, however, who can't differentiate in such matters is not a safe person 
to handle a gun.--W.C.B. 


Col. Greeley has just returned to Washington from a trip to New Orleans, 
La., where. he attended the hearings of the Senate Committee on Reforesta- 
tion, which is holding meetings at various places to investigate forestry 
conditions. This is the committee appointed by the Senate on the resolu- 

tion introduced by Senator Harrison of Mississippl. 


SUREST PAV DUCTS LABORATORY 


Interest in De-Inking Paper: An average of one to two letters daily asking 
for information on de-inking are still being received. It is safe to state 
that we have answered 1,500 letters and furnished half of our correspond- 
ents with the mimeograph on this subject. 

A Joliet, Illinois, paper mill is using a carload of wilkinite every 
two months, but after an adequate water supply is obtained for their presses, 
7 tons of wilkinite per month will be used to de-ink old papers. A Wis- 
consin mill is about ready to begin operation, and indications in general 
are that the increase in the use of wilkinite will be as rapid as can be | 
expected with the introduction of new prices. 

We may now expect more inquiries from foreign countries, as a for- 
eign press service has sent a release of the story to a large number of 
pavers in Zurope, the vrient, and Latin America. rom the clippings re- 
ceived it is evident that french papers found the subject interesting, (0 
which seems logical because of ths high price of pulpwood there and the 
comparative abuugance of old newspapers. 


Waste in Fence Posts: The sum of $10U,L00,U00 annually wasted in fence 
posts is a conservative estimate of this loss. Is to this is added the 
cost of replacement, the foregoing figure is easily doubled. The huge 

sum given is based on what might be termed a turnover of 50uU,U00,UU0 posts. 
According to another estimate, 9bU,UUU,(0U posts are used each year, equiv- 
alent to 825,000,000 board feet of lumber. Practically all are used with- 
out treatment, but if they were preservatively treated, the average life 
could easily be doubled and an annual saving of 412,00U,000 board feet 
effected. 


Lab. untertains Wood Preservers: forty-five representatives of big timber- 
using industries from all perts of the country recently assembled for an 
all-day meeting at the Laboratory. These men were invited to discuss with 
dorest Service officers the plans for next year's wood preservation studies. 
Uver $30,009 is being spent this year by the rest Products Labor- 
atory on strictly wood preservation studies. At least G20,uUL more is being 


ge 


FOREST PROTUSTS LABORATORY (Cont. ) 
spent on projects which closely relate to wood preservation. There is a 
continuous demand from the whole country for more information on wood 
preservation, and frequent requests are made that new investigations be 
started. As it is quite evidently impossible to cover the subject ade- 
quately with the money available, the idea was conceived of having these 
men visit the Laboratory to see how the money is being spent and what is 
being accomplished. This first-hand information ard the intimate ac- 
quaintance of the various representatives with the needs and problems of 
the industry resulted in many valuable suggestions for the future program. 


a ee 


ee ee 


State Legislature which provides for the establishment of a State Bureau 
of Forestry which will be under the direction of the College of Agricul- 
ture of the State University. The Bureau of Forestry will be composed 
of the Chancellor of the University, the Dean of the Gollege of Agricul- 
ture, the Director of the Department of Conservation and Soil Survey, and 
the State Forester. It provides for the appointment of a duly qualified 
expert forester by the Chancellor of the University. By the terms of the 
Bill, the State Forester’s duties consist of offering advice on the proper 
methods of handling woodlots and in planting, in the eradication of forest 
insect pests and diseases. The Bill further provides for the maintenance 
of a State nursery where trees will be raised for planting on State lands 
as well as for sale to citizens of the State. 

The Bill was introduced through the efforts of Jol. Mccullough, 
Yditor of the Omaha Bee, who is also president of the State Morestry Asso- 
ciation. It contains many suggestions made by the Forest Service and is 
very much in advance of any forest legislation that has been heretofore in- 
troduced in this State. At this writing, its chances for passage are un- 
known. 


Riss ur wa-sorest Service Man; Announcement has just been made of the ap- 
pointment of 4. B. Tanner as Chief of the Timber Section of the Bureau of 
Internal Reveme to succeed Cari M. Stevens, who resigned recently. Ir. 
Tanner entered the Forest Service in 1907 as an Assistant forest Ranger 
on the Bitterroot #orest, in 1910 he was given an appointment as Scaler, 
and in 1913 he was promoted to Lumberman. In1914 he was transferred to. 
D-2 and in 1917 was promoted to Logging Engineer. Mir. Tanner resigned 
from the Forest Service in 1918 to accept a position as manager of the 
Trinchera Timber Company with headquarters in Denver, but left this com- 
pany shortly afterwards to enter the timber section of the Bureau of In- 
ternal Revenue. ir. Tanner"s rapid rise in the forest Service, as well 
as in the Internal Revenue, is the result of perseverance and hard study, 
and should be an incentive to all men in the forest Service. 


The Forest Service Exhibit at the Denver Auto Show caused a greatideal of 
favorable comment and the comment was further supplemented by requests to 
repeat the exhibit in the future. The exhibit depicted a forest scene 
showing a summer home and an automobile camp ground. 


DISTRICT 3 ~ SOUTHWaST2aN DISTale? 
A Sign of Spring: "Having donned my suit of winter-weight plate armor and 
whetted up my trusty battle ax, 1 step three paces forward and deliver my-. 
selz of the following creed: D-3 is the best District in the entire United 
States Forest Service. The Santa re rorest easily knocks the spots off all 
the other Forests in D-3, and the cuba District is one beside which all 
other Ranger districts are mere waste places, forgotten of God and shunned 
by man."--3.L.Ferry of the cuba District, 


a5 sis 


DISTRICT 3 (Cont.>) 


Pueblos of New Mexico; There are nineteen Indian Pueblos located in New 
Mexico. : All except one are on the Rio Grande watershed. These Pueblos 
are; Taos, Ficuris, San Juan, San lldefonso, Fojoaque, Nambe, Tesuque, 
Pecos, Cochiti, Santo Domingo, San Mlipe, Jemez, Sia, Santa Ana, Sandia, 
Isleta, Laguna, Acoma and Zuni. These pueblos are within a radius of 15v 
miles of Albuquerque and are all accessible by automobile roads, l 


ee a 


The Management Plan Report for the sawtimber type on the Coconino National 
Forest has just been approved by the Forester. The entire forest is thrown 
into one working circle, to be managed on a 2Ub-year rotation, which will 
produce yellow pine sawtimber of an average size of 21 inches d.b.h., con- 
taining 340 board feet of lumber. This rotation was established by a growth 
stucy. The sorest will be cut over twice during the rotation. The cutting 

cycie is, thsrefors, 100 years. vutting has been in progress for many 

years and the report shows that 3u years ov the first cutting cycle has_ 

passed, leaving 7) years in which the remaining accessible timber avail- 

able for-cutting, estimated at two and three-fourths billion feet, will 

be removed. The Forest will be managed ou a sustained annual yield basis 

and the indicated cut is four hundred million each 10-year period. 


Delighted Datil; Tomments sometimes sveak volumes and sometimes they leave 

a2 lot unsaid. Th: Datil Bulletin chirps "We are delighted to learn that 

New Mexico is to have a woman Game Warden," and leaves the world to draw 
conclusions. On the same subject, the Gila Bulletin reflects, "After hav- 
ing tried the game warden system in New Mexico, we decided on a change and 
will try a State Game Matron." Maybe the Gila is hilarious but that is not } 
clear. | 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Effect of Treatment on Tie Renewals: In 1911 the United States Census 
Bureau reported that the average tie renewals per mile of track in the’ | 
United States for that year was 336. In 1921 renewals on the Boston and 

Maine 2. R. averaged 270 per mile, while for the ten-year period ending 

this same year, the average was 278 per mils. sor the 10-year period from 

1911 to 192U, inclusive, the average renewals on the New York, New Haven 

and Hartford 2. R. were 530 ties per mile, while for 1921 their reports 

Show 572 per mile. Compared with these figures the following roads, on 

which preservative work has been in use for some years, reported as re- 

newals for the year 1921: ate 


Per mile 
BC aes aN OY oaths Sim ole Bibueval og Sve.e p's 80 
Dg MWe Sarthe! Pi etaya dle satin. digies aaieipiad © ciel t Be 172 
SO Ck SLANG LeMay «@iplye Guiles ode mie qa ee 169 


The A. T. &S. BP 2 AR reported a reduction for the 10-year period 
19L4-1915 inclusive, from 261 to 179 tie renewals per year, or an annual 
Saving of practically &%700,ULL in the purchase and installation of ties 
alone, this being particularly interesting to notice, considering the mate- 
rial increase of ton mileage per mile of track during that same Yeriod. 


That's Gratitude: sorest Assistant and lirs. Gibson went in dignified fash- 
aa to wemmerer, when in the canyon a few miles north of Cokeville they 

ame upon fires burning viciously in the willows by the creek. ‘The couple 
Be ea valiantly out, and with the aid of a canvas water bucket and cantcen 
were soon combating the flames. Bearing, even in this lurid hour, the firs . 
manual in mind, the worthy pair deduced that the fires had been deliber- 
atesy set, and their indignation mounted high. Mr. Gibson succeeded in 
getting one fire under control and started for another, leaving his wide 
to complste the subjection of the first. 4s Mrs. Gibson was rsturning from 
the creek she saw two men come on to the road from the willows. convinacse. 
beyond coubt that they were the culprits, Mrs. Gibson dashed another bucket 
ef water upon the flaines, and preparsc to fight to the death. Ons of the 


Pa as 


ee a ae a a a a a | ‘ = ent el Meg PP he ee ee » 


iv td 


men approached, asked: the reason for her actions and admitted building the — 
fires. Then ensued a wordy battle. Zach demanded the other's authority 

for the other's actions. Neither could produce it. Some slight advan- 
tage lay on the side of lirs. Gibson, as the mereyman sékldom got a chance | 
to speak, but when he did, intimated that lirs, Gibson was "hard-boiled, 

which heiped noite. : 

Bventually Mr. Gibson came back, having put out the other fire, and 
explanations were in order. It seems that the State Highway Commission had 
ordered the willows burned to improve the view of the road anc ths men had 
been praying for 2 wind to fan their fires for two days, then along came 
the forest Service when they were just doing nicely.--iirs. 4.L.G., \/yoming. 


DISTAL? 5 - CALI WRNIA DISTRICT 


New Developments in Fire Suppression; At the recent joint dangers' meeting 
held- at 2sédirg, the question of new developments in fire Suppression was 
given consideration. Particular emphasis was laid on the use of the pump, 
the Newsegin extinguisher, the plow and scraper. The use of the pump on 
fires was* demonstrated to the Forest officers and an interested crowd of 
citizens of the town. Two types of pumps, the Worder and the zvinrude, ; 
were placed in the Sacramento River and the water pumped to a height of 
75 feet. vomrarative tests were mads, in each of which the 3vinrude was 
the favorite. 1% was far easier to start, delivered a larger stream at 
longer Gistances ani hac mere x t all ranges from’200 to 1,000 feet; 
eaeeene fea a sai in its: favoriwas its compactness and the fact that it weighs | 
Fe 


Mr. one Pomenstratsd his fire extinsvisher in the following 


way; a lerge box 4'¥10'x2', open at one side, ana in which were placed a 
mumber of sticks heavily soaked with kerosene acc gasoline, was set on fires 


belching flames 29 to S60 Feet hien were” ims: tae GXP AN svished by the ap- 
DLigetien rade Lbs. of the 'Nawkeria materiel, waich is ‘87 Srownish powder. 
Newhegia actnaily walks ixto the flames, nena the »owder pefcre bam. 
‘ hatesst of Pah cmece snag and a.Drush pile was not so effective, further 
detaised exptriments with this material will te made in the near future. 

t Ss 


The more recent developments in; the use of the plow and drags were also 
considered by the meeting. 


Some Land Sxchange: The Secretary of Agriculture has approved the proposed 
land exchange'with the Weed Lumber. Company on the Shasta forest, By this 
transaction the rorest Service acquires 2,628 acres of cut-over land in 
exchange for 26 acres of similar Gnaracter or more than 100 acres for one, 
It happens that the 28 acres are near a new logging town being started by 
the Weed Lumber Vombany, and in order that they might control all land near 
the town, the company was willing to pay our price. 


DISTRIGT 6 = NORTH Pash WC _DISTRIGD 
te | - 


ervisor of the Snoqualmie forest, is a stock 
spar company and manager of the company's grinding 

dcaress is Box 94, Auburn, lis. Smith is a momber 
of the Rotary Vilub and pres ut of the Auburn Rotary Jliub, and president 
of the Auburn community Services, and as such ran a successful winter carni- 
val and ski contest this wi r. He still feels a great interest in for- 
estry and the Service, and master a the Pacific Northwest, as these ex- 
tracts froma recent letter show 


iad} 
ae 
= 
a 


vlaat and esr Hz 


ya 
co OO 


ct 


jlvN 


"Phe D-6 News Letter is always of great interest, as I prize it more 
than any other publication I receive. 

"There are probably few Service men who have stepped into as good a 
business as l have, yet I find it next to impossible to put the heart into 
it that-we all did in forestry.” 


Gone Korth; Yanre~ J. «a. Thayer of the Jascadia District has been trans- 


ferred from the Santiam to the Tongass National forest, Alaska, . 


ate 


Se 
Someone nt ~ OTE it OH r0 ae a 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE | 
(Contents Confidential ) 
Fb 
Vol, Vil, Now kd. Washington, 5. C. Aprile Sip ogo. 


NOTHING'S THE MATTER WITH OUR LAND EXCHANGE BUSINESS 
By C. J. Buck, J-6 


Mr. C. G Smith's article in the February 12 Bulletin is having a 
dampening effect on Forest officers' enthusiasm, or rather would have did 
such enthusiasm at present exist. Forest officers are just now trying to 

get at what the land exchange business really is - policies and procedure. 
It is a brand new thing, which lookd good to the National Forest interests 
when Viswed in large perspective. But, like overything else, it may have 
a ‘nigger in the woodpile." Mr. Smith's artidle will be supposed by some 

to uncover said "nigger." ; 

The exchange business is yet too young to have produced either a 
large enthusiasm or to have uncovered. even a small nigger. The enthusiasm 
will come, however, as soon as we ail see with our own eyes what the ex- 
changes will do for us in increasing the productivity of forest land, in 
removing the obstacles in all lines of work coming from private holdings, 
and in extending the Forest boundaries to adjacent forest-producing land. 


ee Se A 


Let each man read the new land exchange manual, as each man is 
now doing in District 6, and if he isn't enthused over the prospect, well - 
he hasn't much forestry in his heart. 

Now, let's get down to brass tacks, Mr. Smith's article showed 
that in the Florida exchanges the Government secured 33,000 more acres 
than it released, or that on the average the forest area was more than 
doubled by each trade. ‘This is a real and lasting accomplishment. It 
means better fire protection and timber productivity over forest-growing 
lands. anit 

The, trend of Mr. Smith's complaint on the Florida Forest is that 
it takes too long to get patent and that private owners are consequently 
discouraged. Can we get a quick schedule of action adopted by the General 
Land Office where land titlss with abstracts, worteages, etc., are in- 
volved? Where the title is good, we have had exchanges approved and pat- 
ents issucd in four months after being sent to the land office. The de- 
lays are largely due to imperfect titles: and the long time it takes for 
private owners to have them rectified. One means of avoiding this delay 
has already been adopted, viz., have the local Assistant to the Solicitor 
examine the abstracts while the local negotiations are going on with the 
supervisor and the District forester. 

. It is not agreed that the matter with land exchange is that it 
takes too long in the General Land Office. The matter is not with the 
exchange policy or procedure, but with you and ma. Have we *hought about 
this work - made our plans as to what under the policy we can do now to 
make exchanges, in the public interest and in the interest of the National 
Forests, and have we then gone about getting the applications we want 
and getting the results? 


NOTHING'S THS MATTEA WITH OUR LAYD SXCHANGS BUSINESS (Cont. ) 


Land exchange business needs initiative from every Forest officer. 
It needs thought looking to the upbuilcing of the Forest and persistent 
action to get resuits. It is not like a circular letter from Operation 
which hits you amidships and demands inmediate action if you want to keep 
yourself on the job. it does, however, call forth one's own initiative 
aml persistence, and the benefits to the National Forests and to forestry 
are such as to warrant the expenditure of our greatest energy. 


QRIGINAL METHODS IN THE GRAZING BUSINESS 


—— eS SS eS Se eo 


By WV. C. Barnes, Washington 


The reading of mors than 150 annual grazing reports might be a dull, 
routine job wsre it not for the fact that Supervisors generally do not con- 
fine themselves te mere bald statements of fact, but inject into their re- 
ports an immense amount of parsonal point of view, relating little newsy 
items and occurrences which make their reports full of human interest. 

eas pubemuucen of the Sevier, for instance, mentions the fact that 


becoming? foot--s spre as the ranges are extremely rough and rocky. Some in- 


spired vwner conceived the idea of shoeing the animals, This was done with 
excellent success, the bulls immediately rambling off into distant parts 
of the Forest where th3y had heretofore hung around the watering holes 
on the soft gruund, The scheme proved a most satisfactory one, indeed, 
and can well be copied by stockmen in other Forests. 

This brings to my mind the things we used to do in the "old days" 
in Arizona, when we drove our stesrs across vhat is now the Tonto National 
Forest, a journey of 250 miles. Many of them were bound to get tender- 
footed, and when they got to a point where we couldn't punch them along 
any farther, we used to lay them down on their sides and tack old worn-out 
saddle horseshoes on to their unwilling feet; after that they pranced aiong 
at the head of the trail herd. I can recall nothing funnier than to see 
several cars of our steers unloaded at a feed yard and several steers who 
had been shod on the trail but had not yet lost their shoes rambled out of 
ths cars and tramped across the board unloading platform with a noise like 


acat ona tinroof. To say that it interested the men around the stock 
yard is ee 


ABE OF GHOWid ANG MOATALILTY OF MATURE SREES = a AN 


Seeravenhciacs-newn sencsouny Moos AN DAN BIND) UN SU be Vt BE 


By diansean Krauch, fort cane EXD. Station 

in marking timber“in tite ves text “yellow pins. ay of cont and 
New Mexico, it: is. frequently necessary'to retain large mature trees for 
seed. itany of these trees may,also have some form: ‘of injury or defect, 
such as fire Scars, heart rot, or dead Tops. 

In order to as terming the rate of degadence in such trees, ‘an experi-° 
ment was ini tiated by the Fort Valley Station in 1910. Thirty-three trees, 
ranging between 26" and 42" D. B.H., were selected .and tagged in a virgin 
stand near the Fort Valley Exveriment Station, and 3 trees, between 22" 
and 38" D.B.H., on another area. nearby, but which had ees Logged twenty- ¢ 
five years praviously, © + 


Following is the gist of 93 ree based on compilation of data. ‘eol- 
lected in the fall of 1922; 


Bight tir oe, or 24.2% of the total number, in the virgin stand, but 
only one, or 2. 94, of the. total number, on the cut-over e¥ea died during the 
twelve-year period, The mach lower mertality on the cut-ovér area iS as- r 
cribed chiefly to the fact that the.trees retained here ‘were, on the whole, 
more thrifty than those in the virgin stand - a condition’ to be expected 
in wiew of the fact that in logging the largest and oldest trees ara cut. 

Table 1 shows the average growth in diameter .of.the present live» 
trees during the past 10, 25; 5 and 100‘years. This was determined by - 
counts made on cores extracted by means of an accretion borer. 


pera 


rr 


? MATURE TREES - COMPARISON OF GROWTH 


raeemaet = ake penn SN 


“VERC ae N STAND S AND ON CIML-GVER AREAS (Cont. } 


Sp ne ae oe eaten Sat oe Mn ee na ae eT A 


Virgin Stand Cut-over Area 
Years Zears 
TRON i) AOR Ao! ¢ CLOG CLO Ve 50 00 


BE So Omi | LAS een Wi LO bye ee = Mn Oien Nemes 7) 7.05 
Annual »050 JO 05d O60 Vargas thea L102 O91 2076 .070 


It will be noted that the trees in the virgin stand were growing 
fairly well even up to ten years ago. The mean annual growth has re- 
mained about the same during the past 5u years and is not mach less at 
present than it was 100 years ago. The trees on the cut-over area grew 
considerably faster than those in the virgin stand. ‘The mean annual 
erowth was greatest during the last 10 and 25-year periods and almost 
twice as great as for trees in the virgin stand during the same periods. 
This shows how cutting in virgin stands causes acceleration in growth 
of the trees retained. 

fable 2 shows the average increase in diameter of the trees 25 
years before and after the year 1895 - i. e., the year in which the cut- 
Ovsr arsa was logged. 


Table 2.--Periodic Increase in Diameter - 29 Years Before and 
After Yoar 1895 
Virgin Stand gut-over Area 
Before After Before After 
1895 1895 iff. 1895 1895 Diff. 
Per tree 1,36! eer! =.09" => 1.45" 2.28" #C.85"" 


In the virgin stand the growth was somewhat less during the last 25 years, 
there being a difference of about 6.54. On the cut-over area the growth 
was considerably greater during tha last 25 years, being 584 more than 
during the first period, i. e., before cutting. Rifteen of these trees 
standing at a considerable distance from any cut at the time of logging 
grew 526 more, while thirteen of them standing near the stumps of cut 
tress Brew 82% more during the last period. The average increase in 
diameter of these trees 25 years after the area was logged was 1.55 inches 


and 3.12 inches, respectively, and an average of 2.28 inches for all as 
shown above. 


ie Be We Teliey, weoRiheton 


The following tabulation shows in round numbers the value of sup- 
plies sent from the Ogden Supply Dapot to Districts one to six, District 
8, and to the Madison Laboratory during the Calendar year of 1922. 

the value of the fire equipment distributed last summer is included 
in the District office figures. It is not included in the total to for- 


ests nor in the average to forests. Wo freight charges are included in 
these figures, 


Dis- Total to Total to Average to 


trict Districts Forests Porests Notes 
it $25,933 $11,406 $475 
ra 8,186 6,269 255 - What do small units have to do 
with this small figure? 
3 12 ,686 6,702 478 
4 18,742 eelaity 598 
5 16,506 7,610 488 
6 23,695 15,667 627 - Why so large? 
8 1,276 526 263 
2* 5,059 se sate 


*Vleeks Law organization in District 2 considered as a unit. 
District 7 is omitted becausg,it is largely supplied from the 
Washington Supply Depot. 
-3- 


——————————— 


a 


as a 


WEERS [oss THE ALLOPMANT 90 TH? CGDEN SUTLY D3IO? Go? (Cont. } 


umber ferests 


YWumber forests receiving .  Nomber of forests 
Dis- receiving 1css bstween 5500 receiving $1,600 
trict than %500 worth and $999 worth worth or more 
1 13 8 1 bs 
2 26 © C 
3 By} 1 x 
4: 21 4 1 
5 14 8 ) 
6 13 4 5 
8 rs © © 


The Gregon Forest drew the largest amount, $1,516, followed by the 
{choco sceond at $1,418, and ths Umpaua third at $1,507. These three for- q 
ests are the only ones that went above the $1,200 mark. Ths Flathead, 
Datil, Idaho and. the Crater all reached ths $1,100 iimit. 


SESSARCH ASST STAUT SEIS 


{P53 
a 
4 
a 
| 
2 
a 
ie 
[RA 
fe 
2 
: 
—— 


Information is received that two research assistantships, giving 
opportunity for graduate work in forestry, are now availabico each year at 
the University of California. Thce’aunounced aim is to give properly guali- 
fisd mon ai opportunity .to broaden :their training in forestry and at the 
same tine porform uscrul investigations in forestry problems. 

Gvevuation from a school of zorestry of good standing, in vhich the 
requirem_nts ars not below those for the degree of Bachelor of Science (in 
Forestry) at the University of California, is a prerequisite. Only American 
citizens ars oligibls. In addition to the major problem to ba studied, such 

vaduate work will be. rsgistercd for as way bo necessary for the master's 
degree. Resgarch assistants-will not help in the teaching work of the uni- 
versity, but cach of thom will be roquirsd to devote his entire time for 
ten months of the year to an approved problem of research in any branch of 
forestry sxcept for time nseded for regular courses. Hach assistantship 
carrios an annual stipend of $500, payabls in tn equal monthly install- 
ments, In addition, thore is available a liberal sum to cover the cost of 
field travel and special auipment. 

Applications for ressarch assistantships should be addressed to Prof. 
Walter tiulford, Division of Forestry, 305 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, California, 
and should reach Berkeley not lator than May 1, 1923. The following informa 
tion in the order given is required: 


1, Nams and addrsss, 

Re Date and place of birth, 

5. Colicgo or colleges attended, and the principal courses pbursucd 
in sach, with degrees roacived or to be received before July 1, 19235, 

4, Practical or investigative ficld or Laboratory experience in for- 
estry or allicd ficids other than college courses, 

3. if a graduates, the natura of work performed since graduation, 
with names of employers. 

6. A photograph, taken not more than two years ago. 

7. The applicant's plans for his life work in forestry. 

8. The branch of forestry in which the applicant prefers to pursus 
research work as the holder of a rescarch assistantship. The scecial prob- 
men, if any, in which tho applicant may be intorested, 


issus of the SATURDAY EVENING OST. 


Apbor Day: At the roquest of the Forest Servics, the Commissioners of the : 


a 


District of Columbia havs proclaimed Mamch-24 as Arbor Day for the District. © 


aes 


Thomas H. Gill has returned to Washington froma trip through South Carolina 
and Georgia. 


New Forestry Vagazine: Number Onc, Volume One of "Mexico Forestai," tho 
organ of the Mexican Forostry Society, has just reached the Library. Ths 
society was formed in 1921, 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


. White Leaves Laboratory: Tavid G@. White, who for ten years has been connectsd 

with the Unitcd States Forest Sarvice, left ths Forest Products Laboratory, 
Madison, Wisconsin, April 1, to act as sales manager for the Sawyer-Servatius 
Lumber vompany, Chicago. 

Mr. Whito has been at the Laboratory since 1915. Before entering 
the Laboratory he spcnt a year in the Washington office and a year at the 
Products office of the Forest Service at Missoula, ilontana. 

His new position will entail many duties with which he is very famil- wie} 
iar, since his ficld work has beon oxtensive in the lumber distribution and 
consuming ficlds, and since he has done much special work in small dimension 
stock, 


Woods Usod for Cabinet Production: Of woods used for cabinet construction, 
the fojlloving native species ara employsd in greatest quantitics; Oak, gum, 
map.c, birch, ysllow poplar, beech, ash, and walnut. Several forcign 
woocs are imported as fine furniture material; of these mahogany casily 
ranks rirst, 

Walrut has always boson considered the premier cabinet wood of Amcr- 
ican trces; and because of its various desirabic qualities can hardly be 
surpassed. Years ago walnut occupied first place as a cabinet wood followed 

by a numbcr of years when the demand for this wood was very slack. Now, 

however, it has again sprung into prominence and is in greatcr demand than 
any of tho othor cabinet woods, even surpassing mahogany. 


To Remov> Olid Faint and Varnish; Ths following formula producos a good 
preparation for the removal of old paint and varnish, 


1 pint of benzol 

1 ounce of paraffin 
1 pint of acetons 

1 pint of alcohol 


Dissolve the paraffin in the bonzol and add ths acotons. This pro- 
duces a clear liquid. The alcohol should be added just before the varnish 
remover is to be used. This precipitates out the paraffin. Tho object of 
the paraffin is to reduce the volatility of the liquid. The prsparation 
is.inflemmable and should be kept away from firs. 

Lys is sometimes used for removing old varnish, but it is a dangerous 
matcrial to use because it darkens thse wood with which it comes in contact, 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTAIUT 


Scouts Planting on National Forest: The Boy Scouts of Colorado Springs and 
Denver are displaying considerable intorest in planting trsecs on the Na- 
tional Forests. On March 24, officers of the Pike rest supervised the 
planting by 65 Scouts of 4,00 Douglas fir seedlings in Waldo Canon within 
the Forsst. Another bunch of boys wishes to have a chance at this work in 
order to win the merit conservation badge, and arrangements wers made to 
plant 2,00 yellow pinc in April on this area. 

Ths Boy Scouts of Denver are anxious to plant an old burn containing 
Scveral hundred acres, which is situated on a steep slope above their 
summer camp nsar Silver Plume on the Pike Forest. This is in the Zneclmann 
spruce type and arrangemonts will be made to have Forest officors suporviss 
the experimental planting of scvsral thousand trees on this area carly in 
June, and svontually the Scout officials wish to plant tho whole burn. 


ain 


vite : P 


DISTRICT 2 {ccnt. } 


If the ontmsiasm of the Scouts continues, the Pike Forest will be 
able to reduce th2ir planting costs by having a large mumber of trees planted 
freo annually. 

D-2 Library Growing More Popular: from August 29, 1922 to December 41, L922. 
thers wore 69 books loanod from the library to men in the field, and from 
January 1, 1923, to March 22, 1923, &0 have been sent out. 

By the abovs tabulation, it will be seen that the employces of the 

Forest Service arc making bottor use of our library all the timo. 


Gams Rofugs Bills Bofore Governor: The present session of the Colorado 
Legislature has passed through both houses cight new game refuges bills and 
made amendments to two cxisting refuges, This is considercd an important 
stcp in advance in Colorado game protection. If tho Governor signs these 
bills, we will have twelve gamz refuges in Colorado. Four others cam> up 
beforo the present session, but did not matcrialize, due to local absonce 
of support. As usual, ths constitutional question was raised and it looked 
for a timo as if all refuge bills would be tabled. In fact, they were 
tabled at one time and brought out again aftor the constitutional quostion 
was wore thoroughly lookcd into when tho majority decided that gamo refuges 
in Colorado would not bo in violation of the State constitution as it re- 
latss to gamc and fish and so-callsd spscial legislation, 


This is the Way it's Done on the Coconino: A compilation of the cut on Soc. 
25 on the F. Le. Co. sale shows a total scale of 2,421 li feet. Tho calipering 
crew during the winter found that a total volume of 1,660 M feet was left, 
making the total original stand on the section 3,481 Mi foot. Turning to 

our Timber Control Atlas, we find the estimate for tho section to bo 3,461 M. 
We doff our cap in rospeet to this old-time cruiser, who on $75 per and boans 
and bacon turns out such an cstimate. A few hundred feet above or below = 
but to make it a bull's-eye - well, it inspires oven us!--Coconino. 


Cattlcomen Want Con 


trollcd Public Domin; Arizona Cattle Growers' Association, 
in convention at Phoenix, went on record by resolution as standing strong 
for leased control for grazing of unreserved public lands. The association 
regards ths Forest Service as proper administrator of these lands and recom 
monds laws to bring thcse conditions about. Tho convention suggests that 
receipts from grazing privileges on these lands above costs of "adminis- 
tration" »2 used for the construction of highways. The cattlomen are opposed 
to the retirement of range improvements built by permittces and to raductiong 
to established outfits for the accommodation of new applicants. Thoy favor 
ten-year permits and such adjustments of the grazing feos and rules as are 
necessary to stabilize the livestock business on National Forests. 

that 
Quick Results: Ranger Thompson of the Prescott ropor ts/the now flood control 
dam on Cave Creek has been completcd and has saved Phoonix from one flood 
aiready. About tho first of Fsbruary, 5 and 1/10 inches of rain fell at 
tho Ashdals Ranger Station within 48 hours. Without the Cave Creck dam such 
a rain as this would no doubt have given Phoenix another flood similar to 


that of 1921, when all of the low parts of the towm, including the basomont 
of the State capitol, wore under water. 


Wational Monuments of New Mexico: Thoro are six National Monuments located 

in New Mexico. Those are Bandelier (#rijoles), Chaco Canyon, 51 Mora, Gram 
Quivira, Capulin Mountain, and Gila QGliff Dwellers. Two of the National Mone 
ments are located within National Forests and the others on Public Domain. 
Three of the National Monuments arc sot apart to prossrve the oliff ruins. 

El Moro, more commonly knowm as Inscription Rock, is to preserve the in- 
scriptions of the early explorers and Capnlin Mountain is a cinder cone of 
recent geological origin. 


Former D-3 Man Comes Back: Mr. H. B. Herms, for several years in the \ashing- 
fice, nas returned to this district and will be assigncod to the Dis- 
Uffice of Accounts. 


New Aidition to th: Manzano: Last month 26 sections were added to the Chupadera 
Division of the Manzano by Prosidential proclamation. 


a 


DISTRICT 4 = INTERVOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


1. The delusion that individual advancoment is made by crushing others. 

&. The tendency to worry about things that can not be chaiiced, 

5. Insisting that a thing is impossible because we can not do it. 

4, Attempting to compel other persons to belicve and live as we do. 

5. Neglect in devoloping and refining tho mind by not acquiring the 
habit of reading fine literature. 

6. Refusing to set asides the trivial, that important things may be 
done. 

7. Failure to establish the habit of saving,--W.M.C. Uinta. 


New_Forost School: Louisiana State University will be the first in the South 
to have a complete course in forestry. This course will be opened next Sep- 
tembcr. The new course is an outgrowth of the summer forestry camps con- 
_ductcd by Major & G. Lee of the Devartmant of Forestry and Horticulture 
| and Mr. V..ad. Sondersgger, State Forester of the Conservation Department, 

in various sections of the State. Particular emphasis will be placed upon 
| southern timber conditions, better mcthods of lumbar manufacture, closer 
} utilization, fire prevention, and reforestation. 


| Prominent Stockman Dios: Mr. W. N. McGill of Hly, Nevada, dicd on March 24, 
| according to 4 letter recontly reccived from Mr. Vernon Metcalf. Mr. 
MeGill was one of the big stockmen of the Jest, and had large interests, 
espscially in Nevada, not only in the stock business, but also in mining 
jand other lines. He was a permittec on the Nevada Forest in the vicinity 

| of which he had larg? sheep interests, 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRIC 


i] 


less about the amount of publicity and educational matter, including letters, 
-pamphicts, maps, etc., furnished the public in the course of a year, and about 
how many road and trail Signs we havo posted. However, there is ons automo- 

) bil: club in California that sent out more of this material and posted mors 
|Signs last ycar than cmanatcd from all the hundreds of offices of tho Forest 
Service combined. Ths Automobile Club of Southern California's record for 
1922 was; 
| Touring inquiries answered ...ssceses 844,650 
NYESSIOIS)SUSHESGi(G]o asin sabe ade Ay = a re BA 3,862,105 


This cluc has now posted 93,006 metal-onamel signs on 115,608 miles 
jof road in ths West. This great club now has 80,000 mezbers and is one of 
jour best cooperators. It has given us $4,000 to date for development of 
\Public camps, and makes it a practice to print our fire propaganda mattor 
on the maps issucd by the club. After revicwing such a record, we take on 
)renewed hope of some day being able to convert the "stand-patters" of the 
‘Service to the valuo of publicity.--L.A.B, 


/D-9 Special Use Business for 1922: The following figures from our annual 
‘Special use report may be of interest to othor districts; 

The total number of permits in effect on December aieig22. was 
(6,642, This is an increase of 664 parmits during the year. 4,421 of this 
inumber, or two-thirds, ars charge permits, tho other 2,221 being froe. The 


Sie 


DISTRICT 5° (Cont. } 
Angeles leads with 2,478 permits; Santa Barbara is second with 535, the 
Zidorado third with 513, Sierra fourth with 462, and xkz Stanislaus fifth 
with 394, These five Forests havo two-thirds of the special uss business 
Of the District. 

The five leading uses are; summer homes, 3,095, pastures 701, wator 
transmission 594, drift fences 547 and hotcls and resorts 261. rom here 
they trail all the way down to one permit each for a church, fishing, hunt- 
irg and trapping, fox and rabbit ranch, golf grounds, ice plant, mineral 
spring, clectric railroad and observatory. Incidentally, this last permit, 
to the omithsonian Instituts of Washington, D. C., covers the highest 
building in the United States, which is situated on the summit of Mount 
Whitney, at an altitude of 14,501 fcet. Another interesting fact is that 
practically all of the annual incrsase was in recrsation pormits.—--L.A.B. 


DESTRIGT 6 — NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


A _Gam2y Bunch: During the last five years tho Wonaha Gamo Protective Asso- 
ciation of the Umatilla forest has killed the following predatory animais 
and birds: 15 lynx, 987 coyotes, 33 skunk, 49 badgers, 95 weasels, 187 
rattlesnakos, 144 wood rats, 2,557 ground squirrels, 2,950 pocket gophers, 


1,751 hawks, 553 owls, 61 kingfishsers, 10,471 magpies, 1,194 crows, and 978 
sparrows. 


Laying th: Foundation: Seattle Boy Scouts are showing an active intsrest 
in forestry. 

During the past six months *ir. Weigle has given 16 cxaminations to 
Scattle Boy Scouts secking the merit badge in Conservation and forsstry, and 
ir, Troen has given seven, Advantage is taksn of the opportunity afforded 
in thesc “zyaminations to give ths boys a bettor undsrstanding of the neces- : 
sity of protecting the forcsts from firs. The final guestion in the Conserva- 
tion test requires that the boys give some evidence that they havo bcen of 
some holp in making cffective the laws of their State for the protection of 
birds ard animal life. in answer to this question, a great many of the 
boys state that they have reported or fought forest fires, 


Ryan - a Runmnor-Up; Six bids were received by the Colville for the Fisher 
Oreck sale of westsrn red csdar poles. Tho minimum brice asked was $¢ per 
‘ft, 6"x25' to 7x35", and if¢ per ft. for poles 8x35? and larger. Mr 
Ryan bid 1s¢ for the smaller stuff and 4-1/8¢ for the larger. This price 
is unpreccdentcd, as it is an cquivalent of $13.75 per M ft. for some of 
the cedar and $4.99 psr M for the rcomainder, 


Zavnipment Lockets: As a means of segregating fire toois ard equipment from 
improvement and administrative cquipment, the Chelan Forest is going to 
adopt the plan of keeping all firc cquipment in lockers. Each Ranger will 
plan the number and size of units of cquipment he will necd and a locker 
will be built for cach unit. 

The lockers can be built on the wall of & tool house or barn, and 
each will be labeled on the outside the unit of cquipment it contains; also, 
Form [Dw6 List of Fire Fighting Uquipment will be on the door. All equip- 
ment except supplics, standardized for the unit, will be in the locker. It 
will be branded as per instructions and will be handy for use or inspection 
at all timss. if Rangcr A is at some distant point on the district and gots 
a report of a fire, he can call up Neighbor B ard say, "Go over to the sta- 
tion and gst all the cquipment in the locker market "Ten-man outfit," and 
bring it to C's ranch by ning o'clock."' He will know that if B brings 
everything in that locker, he will have a complete outfit. 


UXSTFOR EST OERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Voi. Mal, No. 6. Washington, D. UC. Abril 15, 1926. 
DEVELOPM2NT OF FRUSTS TOUS TOT RESULT 
LN as — AMAGE 


Because of opposition recently encountered from certain public 
sources toward building roads in the Superior Nationa Forest, I have 
had occasion to work up comparative statistics relating to fire damage 


on forests where large numbers of visitors have come in following compre- 
hensive road and trail development. Possibly they may be of interest to 


the ficld generally. 


The following tabulation indicates the fire record in the Minne- 
sota National Forest for the past five years, and also indicates the esti- 


mated number of visitors annually for the past four years: 


MIMIESo® 
No. Avea Damage Total cost Visitors 
of N. PF. Land in of by 
Sopitcars fines |. burned. dollars | suppression wears 
1918 32 8, 542 $7, 750 $1,044 
LOLS 7 be lays. None 153 Lag t ol 
1920 17 527 " ol? 37,580 
L921 46 hat 104 1,166 75,000 
1922 Page Nepdaie Ot sein inet RO cancer Tyie BAG I aot anardt LOU ogame 
Total 132 10,709 $8 ,132 $3,429 224,280 


Forty-six fires, or 55 per cent of the total number, were caused 
by railroads. 

Excepting tne year 1918, when the big fires occurred throughout 
the State, it is noted that the arca burned and damage are nominal. 


In fact, a large part of tho area burnsd consisted of hay meadows 


Only. 


Here, in a forest only recently well devaloped with roads, visitors 
have increased in great numbers. It is obvious that the greatly increased 


number of people has not resulted in a largs increases in damage and arsa 


burned. 
The Colorado National Forest record is as follows: 


COLORADO 
NO. Area Tamage Total cost Visitors 
of N. e.land in o? by 
po Sar ei TS pe Prned pitondoklars. « “suppression. | NeaPe ny 
1918 21 None None $ 84 
1o% e2 6 ¢ 98 945 325,988 
1920 25 16 24 212 339,259 
1922 o None Nore 204 435,602 
1922 ee ae MOS ee i OM top enti Lele Sys eee eae ee 
Total 114 169 $1,033 2 646 1,545,706 


a 


DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTS DOES NOT RESULT IN INCREASED FIRE DAMAGE (Cont, ) 


Fifty-two of these fires, or 46 per cent, were railroad fires. 

The number of visitors has increased annually, but fire damage 
loss has not increased proportionately. 

A large proportion of the damage and expense in 1922 was caused by 
six fires started by two escaped State convicts. 

The San Isabel record follows: 


SAN ISABEL 
No, Area Damage Total cost Visitors 


of. N.F.land in of by 

Year fires burned dollars suppression years 
1918 10 4 Cae: AApeeT 
Susp) 5 700 305 670 6h 183 
1920 5 30 100 263 arya siey 
L921 ) None None 53 gh: ,O50 
19ee 1 50 274 194:, 781 
Total 36 153 $457. $1 , 338 hou, 671 


Road development has progressed rapidly in recent years, and al- 
though the number of visitors hes increased materially, it is not found 
that fire damage and cost are rising, 

Nearly all the area burned, the damage and cost in 1919, was the 
result of a lightning fire which occurred in a remote part of the forest, 

The Pike record follows: 


PI 
No, Area Damage Total cost Visitors 
of N.~F land in or by 
Year fires burned dollars suporession years _ 
1918 31 (2 $ 189 $ 399 
1919 29 66 90 341 38,935 
1920 70 ho ae oug 21,534 
1921 22 yyy 16 360 29h 595 
1. a Meee MME me mMe 2 
Total 136 237 $ 312 $1,667 1,339,358. 


Twenty-four of these fires, or 13 per cent, were railroad fires, 

This forest is intensively used, Road development has progressed 
rapidly, and although 1922 was an exceedingly dry year, all fires were. 
suppressed before any reached ten acres in extent, Twenty-five of the 
thirty-four were suppressed on areas of one-quarter of an acre or less. 

Records of other forests might be cited similarly, 

This indicates clearly to me that the fear of increased fire damage 
following increased. transportation development is groundless, 

As a matter of fact, that the reverse is true scems to me well 
established from the above records, There are but fev guards emvloyed on 
the forests listed above, and no inereases have been made for protection 
since the more or less inaccessible areas have been opened up and old 
roads improved and made more attractive to tourist travel, 

These roads have without question been a distinct asset, 

Minutes count, and not only does a quick get-avay influence the 
results in suppressing fires on small areas, but means of rapid transpor- 
tation are of even greater importance, 

The Superior Forest is now cne of the most inaccessible in D-2, 

Many fires must be reached by canoe and foot travel, supplies and 
equipment beings, of course, transported in the same manner, 

There are more guards employed on this Forest than on all the other 
Forests in the District combined, 

No loockouvts are employed on most of the forests in Colovado and 
‘Wyoming; there are two on each of the Forests in South Dakota and three 
‘on the Michigan and Minnesota each, On the Superior we employ six, and 
“three State towers afford detection for parts of the Forest, 


->o-~ 


DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTS DOES NOT RESULT IN INCREASED FIRE DAWVAGE (Concluded!) 


We have invested in a number of motor launches which are used on 
Birch Lake and along the Canadian border primarily for fire protection, 

There is a heavy investment in towers, canoes, silkaline tents and 
fire-fighting equipment, soms of which is special. 

The fire record on the Superior for the past five years is indi- 
cated below; 


pu PIRICR 
Ce) Area Damege Tota cost Visitors 
of N.Feland ae ee of by 
MBER TL I fires burned dollars. suppression years 
1918 54 1,363 $6,174 4,947 
1919 23 1,823 288 9,486 Lye 
1926 11 247 3.20p 1,653 3,370 
1921 16 4,090 6,893 4,583 11,154 
1922 eee Ce NS Wena Na BOON tea OTe ah eee 
Total 113 7.648 $16, 701 $22 741 2OL Oe 


Of these one hundred and thirteen fires, twenty-nine originated out- 
Side the forest and twenty-one of these were. kept from entering. 

Most ef this expense and damage involved during the period came from 
these outside fires. 

There is a possibility of a bad fire in the forest any year. Light- 
ning caussd nine fires during the past five years. Whether or not roads 
and transportation facilities ars built and improved, wa face the inevi- 
table problem of protecting the area with greatly increased numbers of peo- 
ple going through the forest. 

Traveling by canoes and afoot, these people get into localities where 
it is a slow tedious job to land fire crews, and a fire carelessly started 
by any one of these travelers may result in excessive damage and cost. 

Roads affording auto travel will simplify the protection problem 
greatly, and personally, I am wholly out of sympathy with the fear that the 
fire damage will increase through opening the forest areas to travel. We 
have a distinct fire problem on the Superior and better transportation 
routes will simplify it. 

The average cost for suppressing fires of various classes for 1921 


wass 

Class Ass Glass B_. Class @ 
Dist. 2 $3.88 | $25.71 $139.23 
Superior Forest 6.86 ABYSS 9G 


That the Superior is far abovs the average is due primarily to its 
inaccessibility. 

I am &@ lover of game and wild regions, but a nominal road and trail 
program will destroy neither, and I am not prepared to admit that allowing 
people access to the forest via roads will increase the firs danger. 


THE TAl-STATZ DEVELORMENT CONGRESS FALLS IN LINE 


ne ecm me ne 


By ©. R. Tillotson, Washington 


The Tri-State Development Congress, made up of representatives from 
the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, recently assembled in 
annual convention, drew up some resolutions which clearly indicate that 
influential men in those States are thinking along lines very similar to 
ideals which the Forest Services has distinctly in mind for that particular 
region. In respect to forestry, these resolutions are six in number. 

They cover the subjects of protection, regulation, taxation, conservation, 
acquisition, and farm forestry extension. The text of the resolution on 
each subject follows: ~ 


a 


nC onuine and gadis war eth Bngeee fod hist eit pane ¢ the maxi- 
mum possible volunteer of forest See and maintain great areas of safs 
game cover. ie 


~~ 


Regulation 


"Rather than destroying the old forest and generating more idle 
cut-over land, somc just way should be found to permit, encourage or re- 
quire that the remaining virgin timber to be lunbered so as to keep the 
forests continuously productive. 


"Just timberland tax laws which do not discriminate unfairly 
against growing timber crops, we advocate that fact finding investiga- 
tion agencies prepare eae: which may serve as the basis for such Laws. 


oe Protection of present State-owned and Hedcral forest land against 
short- -sighted and selfish exploitation is imperative. 


. Eesti expansion of ‘the present State and National Forests so as to 
absorb more nonagricultural but desirable forest land is urgent. 


‘the mil Vions: of adres. Of “woodlots included in the farms of the 
Lake States will become increasingly important to. maintaining our supply 
of forest. products; the farm woods ‘are entitled to consideration and 
assistance along with other impor tant farm crops." 


Tt se long been contended by foresters, and this is particularly 
true of the State of Sega uae that drainages of lands in the northern 
part of that State has been going ahead cntirely too fast, and that these 
drained, unoccupied ie hds have bcen a fruitful source of desttrictive for- 
est fires. The following resolution in respect to drainage is accord= 
ingiy of interest; 


"Tntensive forestry and intclligent drainage do not conflict with 
each other. Our best furests ars on well-drained lands. The mischisf 
has been done by tho har chazard, partial drainage of peat marshes surrounded 
by natural forests. Here both the marshes and,the forests are threatened 
with destruction by fire. After the settlers have fully reclaimed their 
lands by drainage, removed ths inflammable rubbish, which now so fre- 
‘guontly covers the samc, the fire hazard will have been reduced, but 
“until that condition is secure, & vigilant fire grovec tion policy is 
essential, and the inception of new, premature drainage projects should 
be postponed until the advance of settlers from the sureties upland 
demands the drainage of the’ marshes and swamps for agricultural purposes." 


SIR PATROL FOR NORTH TDAHO 

The Potlatch and Docur d'Alene Forest Protective Assocdatious 
will enjoy the distinction of being the first patrol organizations in 
the Northwest to independently inaugurate air patrol to augment their 
dotection service. . 

Arrangements have recently been perfected whereby cach of these 
organizations will have intensive patrol of association territory during 
100 days’ from June to September. If results are all that are expected, 
other North Idaho protection units will doubtless secume like servics 
for 1924. 


-4- 


AIR PATROL FOR NORTH IDAHO (Concluded). 


\ 

The plan involves the furnishing of planes and pilots by an experienced 
aviator, the associations to provide landing fields and observers. 

Radio sets will be installed for reporting fires discovered by the 
planes, which, aside from patrol duty, wiil likewise be available for recon- 
naissance. an v4 

Until results of the coming -season's operations are known, the full 
warden and lookout force of the organizations will be maintained so that the 
air patrol will constitute additional protection to the forests. 


Py 
a 


— Se ee ES 


From reports submitted at Allotment Conforencs 


A - In field or Forest - 
B = Total away from headquarters 


District 1 


2 3 4. 
A B A B A B A B 
Cirifice 
District Forester 76 147 53d 123 BE 124 die a IY gras 
meu : 
Chier of Operation 125 146 108 163 88 102 162 168 
Improv. Specialist 103 Lag ate ae oF ate 130 130* 
Fire we Fe 113 130 138 196 wah wi ae ae 
Mol ephone Engineer 167 204 q os eo ia e “a e@ ee 
"ort nL ¢ ° 
Ghief of. Management - 86 122 OB Lo. BO $-14'59 155 178 
Assistant n 80 95# 109 122 92 101 138 138 
Logging Engineer 134 205 835 110 111 148 as as 
Wy uy - - 194 ‘ PAVE - ante Py CRS ne ae ss ae 
Check scaler 262 Bee “ie a bili ri ie EN an Pt 
ng : 
Chief of Grazing - 128 163 87 100 114 136 137 452 
Mirst Assistant 109 siWe) ‘105 120 SE eee ae Edt 206 
| . i tos : 
| Ghief of Lands 125 132 BO.) (Labs 79 85 109 109 
pit 
MPistrict Engineer 108 108 48 69 AGE 95. 114 ibe 
Assistant 2 147 147 102 123 267 267 46 wie 
_ Supervisors 112 133 LOL 131 2109 137 lil 126 
Deputies 109 ee LOS 112 102 134 121 126 
Forest Assistants 150 154 131 138 i ve aie ae 
District Rangers as 166 ae 166 ae 168 aie ee 
#Six months service only 
*After June 15 
| 5 dae 7 8 
District Ais cy Big ods JAG dwn A B A B 
Office ae . 
District Forostor 145 170 126 156 - 67 77 108 145 
ot Oh 
Shief of Operation Loon , vos lia 87 105 BL 88 94 ed 
Improv. Specialist 209 209 146 156 wh a wis isu 
ere " 157 ay ey, 95 129 20 eo ow ae 
felephone Engineer Pah) eno e214 rn: ee ss 4 =. fe 
non 
Chief of Management Be ih 130 48 63 107 114 °126 143 
Assistant ay i ee °° ea o¢6 ee es ee oe 
Ligging Zngineer 158 189. 118 133 «4 aid ae abe 
" it she 152 152 by " i 


Check scaler 192 192 ie ay ay 3 it WOVE ». 


REPORT OF TiMs AWAY BROM HZADQ 


District oT | a 7 8 | 
as eG atsdin. RAB ax A BB (WAL Re ABs A B 
Office | 
Ly eae = - a fe 31 A 
Chief of Grazing 105 118 67 95 37 37 ve + 
First Assistant ‘ 165 ‘166 i “i se ee ee . eve eo 
HA Wri Ki F : " , c 
Chief of Lands 7 oAilO@ wast cB 95 CMe 37 178 178 
"Wan 
District Engineer Pi 97 66 90 105 106 aa ae 
Assis tant at ae 2 , 55 5b. 3 ad ee ee ee 
Supervisors 118 142 lol 15 86 119 102 119 
Deputies lett Mate, fe AVA) Leet a 226 aun) Sie 
Forest Assistants atet 166 ys Wa $5130 '% LSE Wo os 


District Rangers aia 193 oe 165 aie 210 ee 161 


ee ee oe S) 


4 


Mr. Herbert A. Sure lett Aprad PL on his annual inspection trip Ge the western 
Dis tric ts. : 


Etiquette for Propapandists:. The inventor of a device to anchor houses to their 
foundations so. they won't blow away has tried to interest ths Forest Service on 
the ground of saving timber. He sets a good example to all who indulge in 
"overdoné. propaganda"; ‘"All this waste," he eae "can partly -be prevented to. 
& limited extent,"--W.5S. 

FO oo Sombie sebtlarent for-services rendered or supplies furnished 
by one department to another will hereafter. bs made promptly by the disbursing. . 
officers. Checks will be drawn in favor of the dspartment concerned, and no’ 
jonger will payment be made by the long drawn out and tedious procedure hereto- 
fore in vogue known as ''Treasury Settlement." In other words, each department - 
will pay its way as it goes and disburse its money ey drawing a check and clos- 
ing the transaction promptly.--P.D.K. 


pe a an nl a ie Se 


From the nds of the arth; Beaestee, for information recgived in one mail by 
Timber Mechanics represent the world-wids recognition of our standing in the 
field of wood research, The inquiries: came from South Africa, India, and New 
Zealand. de 


Auto Body Makers Want MS) Gin aero with Us: Representatives of the automobile 
body manufacturers of the country,. in conference with members of the inspection 
rules committee of the National Hardwood Lumber Association in Chicago, unani- 
mously adopted a resolution for the appointment of a joint committee to coop- 
erate with the United States forest Products Laboratory, and to defray all the 
expenses necessary to conduct a scientific study of sap stain in gum and in- 
terior dote in elm lumber with a view of veaprere stock suitable for the con- 
struction of automobile bodies, ’ 
This is the first time that inane teed consumers and producers and con- 
sumers of hardwood lumber have Sacer! forces to carry on such a scientific in- ~ 


vostigation. 


A Committee for Putting Over _Forest Protection Week in Colorado has been 
Selected and {50 appropriated by the Denver Tourist Bureau toward defraying 
expenses of local printing, etc. The committee consists of Lou D. Sweet, 
President of the State Forestry Association, LeRoy: McWhinney of the ie ids) 
Mounatin Club, Warren Boyer of the Denver Tourist Bureaus, and H. D. Cochran 
of the U. S. Forest Service. 


=-6= 


DISTRICT 2 (Cont. ) 


Supervisors’ Inspection Study Course: A SOT aiee consisting of Supervisors 
Glark, Conner and Richey has been apoointed to.swa up the work of tho Inspec- 
tion Study Course and submit recommendations. 


The Abcrt Squirrel has finaily béon ie tls by law, the present scssion of 

the Colorado legislature having passed a bill closing the season upon’ theme 
This squirrel is not numerous throughout Coloredo, but appears in the yellow’ 

pine district usually from 7,v0U to 9,000 elevation. ‘Biack and gray squirrels 

are born in the same nest and seemingly live together as though they were the 
samc color. They have been noted on the PeLon rado Forcst since its creation 

a GUO. 


DISTAIST 3. - SUUTHVESTSRW DISTRLGT 
Would Honor Supérvisor; In the construction of an auto road to the summit of 
Mount Graham on the Crook, the people of Safford, Arizona, propose to call 
it "The Swift Traili.'"'. The newspaper announcement ‘closes with this varagraph; 
"This road which is going to be of so great,a benefit in the way of health, 
happiness and prosperity has been secured for us thwough the untiring efforts 
of Forest Supervisor T. 7. Swifh, who for the last fourteen years has been 
in charge of the office here,.and who has always worked unselfishly and at 
all times for the best interest of the people of the valley and of Safford. 
We would like, “in ‘order to show our appreciation of all that he has done, to 
suggest to 406 Forest Service that this road be called "The Swift Trail." 
Alkali: Ranges and Salt; "A theory, of long standing," says the Lincoln, 'ad- 
vanced and sustained by. certain old-time stockmen to the effect that cattle 
will not eat and do not require salt. -on alkali ranges, has-been exploded." 
Ranger We H. Woods and./some | stockmen “haye. made 2a trial and the conclusion 
came in favor of the service. ‘requiroment. | According to the story, the stock 
men even'put up’a wager, but the cattle,: though on a strongly alkalied ranges, 
were very glad to get the salt. ‘Supervisor Arthur has received a letter from 
one of the stockmen which completes the tale: "Dear Sir; Ranger Woods, W. No 
Turner and myself tried, out the salt on La Luz Allotment.’ The cattle did eat. 
ree. SO I take off my hat and apologize and will mut out salt at once. Woods 
won but. would not take the money. Yours truly, Eli Moser." 


& Ve ponage Next month, Ranger H, L. Taylor of the Crook Forest will have been 
a member of the Forest service 15 years and during the entire time he has 


Served on the same Forest and Has been under the same Supervisor. Can it be 
beaten? DED Se ene yk Sh 
Porcupines Menace “Frijoles'': Supervisor Andrews of the Santa Fo is appealing 
to ths Biologital Survey for help. Porcupities have become so numerous and 
are cownitting such depredations on the pines in El Canon del Rito de los , 
Frijoles that the beauty of that canyon is actually threatened. According to 
ager Lomlsy, wno is Custodian of the Bandelier National Monument within 
which the Frijoles Canyon is situated, the porcupines attatk old and young 
timber clike. +Theycace, saic to-be-mikirg dengerous hoadway, aud it is fearcd 
that unicss the porcupines are cradicatod the canyon may be denuded of its 
pine timber. No doubt ths Biological Survey has a remedy that will be effec- 
tive. ; 


DISTRICT 4 - INPERMOUNTAIN DISTATCT 


Mors the Name * vame From: The name of the eabon National Forest is supposed 
by many to be derived from the graceful, ficet-footed animal of that name, in- 
dicating that it formerly abounded in that region. Although deer, elk, and 
bedgsr arz at home thsrc and trout ars plentiful in tho stroams, “no caribou is 
known to‘neve ever becu sscn in southern Idaho. 4 
according to Feaok M. Butler, a veteran ranger: of the dar ibou, the 

mountain 21d post office from. whi ch the Torsst afterward took its assignation, 
got their wane in this wise: ay 


Ll 


DISTRICT 4 (Conts) | 


Where the Name Cams From (Cont.): 


ow 


Origin of garibou" 


“About the year 1871, 2 man by the name of John mirchild came to Soda- 
Springs, Idaho, from theo mining: camo of Caribou in tho British possessions. 
He was known to the general public as "Caribou Jack." H2 madc @ prospecting 
bai to what is now mown as “McCoy Crock." This strcam flows cast into 
Snake River, about tho middlo of District No. 2, Caribou Wational Forsst. 
There he found gold in paying quantities which became known as "(Caribou's 
diggings."" Soon thcore was a rush to the new find, and the streams wer3 named 
for the msn who located the best paying claims, viz., iitvoy Ureek, Keenan 
Creck, otc. The most valuable claims were found on Kocnan Creck, and quite a ~ 
settlement was formed at ths junction of Keenan and McCoy creeks and was known 
as Keenan City. At..one time it had a population of 300 or morc. 

"Caribou Jack" cams to-this locality alone and lived alone. Hs had 
very indifferent succcss as a:mincr, aS he was of a shiftless nature. His oper- 
ations were placer mining of a erudc style. Ho sank ono shaft cighty feet deep 
on the head of Keenan Creek, but failod to'find bed rock. This old shaft is 
still in evidence. He continusd in this vocation until about ths yoar 1880, . 
when he followed a wounded bear into the willows on Bear Creck, about two miles ~ 
south of Soda Springs, where ‘he was ‘kille 2d. by ‘the boar.--Caribou Notes. 


District 4 4 Boople cs nniidata maton Winklor says that the Washington office is not 
such a strange place to: one coming from District A as might be at first supposcd. 
There are lots of familiar faces thsrc. Ho lists the following p2ople: 

Gur former District Foresters! L. “F. Knéipp and &. A. Sherman, PF. W. Rsed, 
who was once Assistant. District Forestcr hore, Clinton G. Smith, ex-Supervisor 
of the Cache forest, R. V. Reynolds of Lands long ago, J. E. Scott of Public 
Relations, and-Messrs..Baldcnburg- and Cook, at one time connected with Accounts 
in this. offica.. Then, also, there is W. B. Sparhawk, who was Fore st Assistant 
in this District-and yorked on many Forests. Among the ladies arc Mrs. Burn- 
ham, who at. one.time worked in Grazing, Miss Mary Moore, who. was Mr. Sherman's 
Stsnographer, Miss McDevitt.who, a long time ago, was mail.clerk with iiss * : 
Pattsorson and latcr worked in-tho Supply’ Depot, Miss Childs,once of Lands, and 
last, but not lcast, Mrs. Sarah &. Totton whom wa wll kncw, so woll. 


Truth is Mighty and Shall Prevail: About a year ago we published in THs TIMBE? 
MAN an article delving into the rclativc costs of sawing large and small logs. 
This was part of the general campaign to convince lumbsrmen that leaving small 
trces for sccding purposes is’good business simply because of ths excessive 
cost of manufacturing lumber from thom. Our study showed a sawing cost par M 
of $5.65 for 8" logs and $1.57 for 4U" logs. Those figures, when presontead to 
lumbermen, were Seriously questioned, and ‘the implication was made that they 
were unworthy of much credence. 

.In the AMERICAN LUMBEMMAN for Psbruary ‘10, i923, page ot are ae ro- 
sults of 2 similar study made by a representative of the Long~Bcll Lumbsr Com- 
pany. His. figures arc $6.16 for 8" logs and %1,6l for 24" logs, or slightly 
above the Forest Servics, estimates.--S.B.S. 


No_ Move at San #rancisco: The possibilitics of providing adequate quarters in 
the Post Office Building at San Francisco for the District offices have van- 
ished. The Area Coordinator submitted an adverse rovort against having the 
Post Office Department shrink on-its space requirements and make room for. ths 
Forest Service. or ; 

The Perry Building will 'therofore continue to be the home for the Dis- 
trict office. About a year ago an investigation made sccmed to indicate the 
possibility of providing office space for'the District office if the Post 
Office Department could bs porsuaded to' make some shifts. Had such accommoda- 
tion been made, the Forest Sorvice would have been able to savo the moncy now 
Spsnt for rental for present quarters, 


=<Bw 


| 


GETTING A LOOKOUT UP TO THE JOB 


BLACK FOX LOOKOUT 
SHASTA NATIONAL FOREST 


TOWER 30 FEET HIGH; COMBINED LIVING QUARTERS AND 
OBSERVATORY 14 FEET SQUARE 


Designed by S. W. WYNNE 
x ae 


The tent shown in the picture was occupied by the construction crew. It has no other part 
in the scheme of affairs on Black Fox Lookout. 


| (Ogden-2-9-23—2,050) 


| \ 4 * : Z & Y Mititin..5--~cae 5‘ 
) vs af can PST SER tr ; ene ila 
| ‘geg o A uj} 


is 
Service Bulletin 


_U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


“ ry 


Vol. VII,-No. 17, Washington, D. C. : April 23, 1923. 


By PoORn i. Hatton 
(Ogden Grazing Conference) 


There are certain fundamental principles of organization within the 
Forest Service which are now generally agreed upon, I think, and which are 
well for us to keep in mind in discussing any division of accountability 
or responsibility among the various classes of Service personnel. 

I think 1 may sum up in the beginning. the whole trend of the matter 
by stating that it is the general policy, to extend authority and place re- 
sponsibility as much and as rapidly as vossible tod the man nearest the job. 
or the work to be performed; with only such oversupervision or direction as ie 
will make for the greatest efficisncy and progress. This, I take it, is 
the ideal or objective in Service organization. How elosaly the Service 
as a whole or any branch of the Service is getting to the ideal should we 
Yevealed by analysis. 

There is en old saying or proverb, and I think it is a correct one, 
that “responsibility is half of life." In other words, it makes for the 
rounding out of character and for higher efficiency. If this be trus, it 
is somsthing to bs coveted or sought after rather than shunned. "Passing 
the buck" is a language entirely foreign to this principls, The officer, 
to grow and develop, should have resfonsibility pushed toward him, not 
pulled from him, and such an officer is willing to take it on even at the 
risk" of profiting by occasional mistakes or errors, or possibly losing 
favor by such errors. I think such mistakes, if made; would not be at all 
serious. In fact, 1 believes the more final the responsibility, the less 
likelihood for mistakes or errors. ‘Thére will be greater care exercised 
| in seeing that the job is finished and perfect than when the officer has 
| the feeling that the next fellow will.catch what he misses. I think this 
is especially true in putting out policy statements. Established policies 
will be more closely adhered to whera responsibility is more or less ‘final. 
This may sound like a travesty on human nature because human nature gener- 
ally likes to avoid the possibility of criticism. Nevertheless, I believe 
I am correct in the conclusions I've stated. 

Of course there are different degrees and spheres of responsibility, 
aaj there is sucha thing as overloading the subordinate before he is 
trained or ready. 1 liks, however, to think of the subject from this 
standpoint - of putting responsibility on the individual - not from the 
Standpoint of making each officer from the chief down through the various 
subordinates to the man on the ground responsible in the last analysis for 
ail the intimate details of the job to be done. 

In the early days of the Service we dida't hesitate to delegate re- 
sponsibility; and as I think back and recall how man we knew’ little about 
were put in charge of Forests with limited experience, few instru ctions, 
and little help, and how these men.in practically every cass made good, I 
believe we can afford not only to pass out authority that we kuow men will 
redeem, but even go farther and take what seem tc-be chances, sometimes, 
on men making good. 


DIVISION 0 RESPONSIBILITY (Cont.) 


' Contrast the entire procedure with that of to-day. Now we hedge 
about cur personnel with voluminous memoranda. We build up a record of 
plusses and minuses, positives and negatives, and we are very careful not 
to leave out eny of the negatives and minuses. We put 2 slide rule on the 
officer and we measure his mental and personal characteristics, the shape 
of his legs and size of his fset, as it were, and we possibly get out of 
it 2 50 or 60 per cent ranger. Then we go into 2 brown study and wonder 
where we are going to get material to fill the vacancies. 

I believs there is such a thing as the higher executive knowing too 
mich detail. He is apt to try to do too much of the actual work himself, 
and thus detract not only from his own value’ as an executive, but he will 
not bring out the best in his subordinates. We hear of mencoring up from 
office boy to president, and there have been and are noteworthy exampies of 
this, especially in railroad and such organizations, mt I wonder if a man 
may not become 2s valuable in organizations such as ours if he jumps or 


passes lightly over some-of the intermediate grades. 
and perhays be a 


I believe he can, 
more valuable executor than if he felt he mst know 2nd 
be able to actually do 21l tne intimate details of every job. ‘While it is 
usually desirable, it is not always necessary to come laboriously through 
every intermediate grade, in my judgment, although he should be given a 
chance to learn something about them. The biggest thing, as I see it, is 
the Droper perspective and point of view, or the ability to get it. Give 
me that in an officer and I don't care whether he comes from New Zngland, 
or from Colorado or California - I was going to say in our grazing adminis- 
tration, I don't care whether hs knows a cow froma steer, but I won't put 
it quite trmt ctrongs. But I do vant to say this: That I don't care whether 
he has served 2 longs or short apprenticeship in every one of the interme- 
diate grades. In fact, I believe such men come to the organization untram- 
moled by the past or by old-time prejudices, and are in a better position 
to Look on things with a broader outlook, to get a better perspective and 
to show better discermment in picking out the essentials which make for 
‘advancement and progress. 
: From the ground up our personnel are rounded out, as far as actually 
Luoving about and doing the many detailed things necessary to do are con- 
cerned. They are not piece workers in the ordinary sense. Outside of cer- 
tain spscialists the man on the ground actually does the work as weil as 
his superior, if not better, and the main function of the higher-ups is to 
make available for general application not only the improved methods or 
things that he or his specialists find out, but to correlate and make avail- 
able and of general help the good ideas and methods discovered by the man 
on the ground who is doing the actual work, and who is really ina position 
to discover ways and improved procedure that no one else is in 2 position 
to discover. 

In one of his discussions Colonel Greeley said (and this seems to 
restate my first conclusion): "The most farsighted thing Mr. Pinchot ever 
dic to insure the future growth and strength of the organization which he 
created was the establishment of the district offices auc shoving responsi- 
bility out into the field, Personal accountability is part and parcel of 


the same principle; we are simply giving it a keener edge." (To be contin- 
ued. ) 


& RESTLESS FORESTSR 


ee a 


By Ward Shepard, Washington 


Walter Lowdermilk's carsger in forestry, begun as a student at uxford, 
continued as a ranger in Arizona, transferred to the forestry forces in 
Brance during the war, and taken up again in the rest Service as liaison 
officer in Research in District 1, now finds him a professor of forestry 
in the University of Nanking, China. Apparently Lowdermilk is bent ona 
sort of forestry circumnavigation of the globe, and a recent letter gives 
some interesting glimpses of his iatest post: 


pes 


_., Simple beauty” of this familiar line* from? 


4& RESTLESS RANGER (Concluded } 

"My work will have to do with the amelioration of the economic strain 
resulting from the wasteful usa of the natural resources of the covntry. The 
orly remnants of the original forest cover Ere ‘found within the Bucdaist 
tenp) e, enclosures. As ono might suspect, the Chinese type of civilisation 
has not made provision for forest perpetuation. The forest cover on. the hills 
has beon repeatedly removed .and at the present time forests are not permitted 
to regain their place, because the grass and every other vegetative cover is | 
annually cut, - literally shaved off = bound into bundles and carried, by 
coolies into the city for fuel. This. Grass fuel is used for cocking only+ 
fuel for heating is practically uninown omceng the Chinese. .ciscis’ 

“Along with the shortage of fore sts are the other unhapoy restilts of 
denuded lands. And it is this that we are noping to be instrumental in 
remodying. 1 am glad to tell you that a grant was given-to the College Of: 
Agriculture and Forestry for the project of permanent famine relief, or for 
the removal of causes of famines. This erant is for $675,000 gold. eas 
more than likely that much of this sum will be matched by funds from the 
Ghinese.: This means that our work is pretty well, cence for. We can go 
ahead with some sense of satisfaction. 

“At the present time I am’ studying the Chinese Language Soviet only 
teaching three classes ‘a week, for the langu2ge - ‘is supposed to take up ; one's 


, time pretty. fully. Next year y shall ‘begin the rather ox tehsive ir ae for a 
general, survey of the probleris. Se i is ; 


Ute Ran ; 


WANTED: "an abSrstane Sue sURDSTER We Gtee ST ries 


By SE Carter, Washington” 


4 


i. Mr. G: G. Savers Assists ant to the Director, Dep2 sintiiieht of Conserve 
tion, Indianapolis, Ladiana ‘states that Indiana wishes to éeoure an assistant 
to Mr. Charles ©. D va, Late Forester. The qualifications of the man and 

tne scope of the job as stated Bros. lids estan EE EES Wy 
pled “itis necessary that this man have ‘some experience in’ hardwood for- 
estry typical of Indiana. He’ should have'a good presence and be able. ‘to deal 
ae the prulic.’ We propose to'use this man ‘to run the dorestry Office, 

7 On soms experimental work at ‘the ‘State ' Forest, assist Mrs ‘eam in the 


inspadbien OG woodlands which- are to come uder our. eases i and to carry 
01 prove S2nca WORK) 


J 


; The eins “hich the ‘es aeigh is willing to pay is des ‘B00 to #5 bo, and 
traveling expenses. If a man hed wide experience and be parsteulanly fitted 
for the work, this salary might be increased somewhat. | 

If’ anyone is interested in this position and can mect the qvaligications 
described, he should, correspond ‘directly. with Mr. Savers. — 


WORDS * ‘WORDS* 


eels send a.battalion of words after an idea neue a siete ‘sniper will 
do better?" - This epitomizes the worst ’fault in most writing - verbosity. 
% That it is not ‘Limit ‘ed to moddérn days “is shown by a translation of ‘the 23rd 
Psalm made" in 1689 'by an Erglish ecclésiast Sic, “No*one will’ever' forget the 


the King dames’ version: "He maketh 
me to lie down in ‘green pa stures; he Beate th’ me beside the still waters." 


But the wor dy Dean translated the’ passage thus, as ‘quoted by a recent writer: 
“Por as a good Shepherd’ leads his sheep in the violent heat to shady 
places, where they may lie down and féed, not in parched, but in fresh and 
_ green pastures, and in the evening leads them, not to muddy and trouvled 
waters, but to’pure and quiet strekmss so nath He already made 4 fair an 


Pleitifut provision for me, which 1s snjoy in ‘peace without any disturbances 
aot a 73iffercuce, The first is’ SO real as almost to seem, & Shine 
rather nes an ideas "the second gives you a headache. It will pat anyone who 
Bee et poe oa 11S writing to analyze these. two passages and decent ns why 
ee x ikl’ forcver Brip the human heart” and th> other 'rem2in buried in its own 
ust. f 


The Bulletin will give a free subseription for ee answer ae shows the 
best anslysis in’ thé best Znglish.--W.S. ° 


‘ 


“. z $ ¢ , ‘ 
gs SORE 
: ‘ ry 


ur, Bates" article "Is Our Sales Policy Consistent," Washington Office 
Bulletin, March 19, gives cause for reflection. He makes the following points 
in his eanticless 2 


1. That inereascd sales of National Forest stumpage will increase con- 
sumption which is:considered undesirable, 


PRA Silvicultural sacrifices are being made in our sales practice to 
increase sales. 


3. We are losing money by selling our stumpage now. 


4, That we arc in fact practicing timber mining. I would like to offer 
the following comments on these points: 


1, The placing: of National Forest stumpage. on the market will not in- 
crease consumption except as it influences price, and in view of the prescnt 
Situation the forests could Serve no higher purpose. 


ree This oon is not aes: for, as far as I know, there are no silvi- 
cultural sacrifioos being made. It 4g truc that there are places where con- 
plete utilization is not being obtained. | However, » 0 say that a silvicultural 


improvement is not being made by the cutting doss not conform with the colerg 
ditions on the ground as 1 sse then. 


3. It was. refreshing to note a technical foraster who had separated his 
calculations from his compound interest tables. But why do so in this partic- 
ular case? If the {54 calculated as the immediate return were put out for the 
20 years at 4 per cent compound interest, the loss:due to increased stumpage 


which, because of the immediate Sue, causes all the loss shown by lir. 
Bates, would be more nearly 25 than 90. 


4, Conclusion III is not fair in that Mr. Bates assumes that we are not 
and will not practice forestry. As a matter of fact, he can have no basis for 
assuming that we are not and will not get a sustained yield. .I know of no Case 
in this District where tho estimated yield is being overcat. Mr. Bates him- 
Self assumes entirely the viewpoint of the timber miner, in that he implies 
that we will go ahead and cut in 30 years and not operate on a sustained yield 
basis. If we cancuta million feat from a working. circle now, how can we cut 
more 20 years from now if there is no growth in the meantime? We simply lose 
the interest on the money we get from our present cut, as well as postponing 
the day when we can get our forests more nearly on a normal basis. If Mr. 
Bates had assumed that he was clear cutting that acre and removing the 30,000 
feet and that there were 160 of those acres, one to be cut each year of the 
160 year rotation, his calculation would ‘nave more nearly fitted what we are 
striving for and ae obtaining in 2 rough way and his figures would have shown 
a dead loss. In other words, if his hypothetical case had been based on for- 


estry practice rather than timber mining, his conclusions would have been 
entirely different. 


WASHINGTON, NOTES 
Mr. Raphael Zon of the Washington Office recently delivered before the Brooke ~ 
lyn Academy of Arts and Science a lecture entitled, "Forests and Human Life." 


This talk was not in the form of propaganda but consisted merely of facts and 
interpretations, 


“what's Wrong With Cattle?" is the title of an informative article by Will C. 
Barnes appearing in the February issue of THE FISLD ILLUSTRATSD. 


Muchas gracias} "Sditor, ‘Service Bulletin’ 


"Dear Sir; Perhaps the enclosed remarks may be available for 
your ever interesting family journal. I always read it more carefully than I 
do the daily paper or the Atlantic Monthly." 


fen 


WASHINGTON iuTsS (Concluded) 


De ee ae se ise 


Senco Dare oreb iar” in oe ou en tae auth ization ‘for. the pa 


caieneeton 
of advertisements. At prosent timber sales, eens and other atverti:ements 
can be placed only with newspapers ‘approved in advance. Under tio new order 


of things it will be unnecessary in the future to spetifically itemise ‘he 
various publications in advance of the publishing of advertisements thevain. 
This new authorization is to be’ affective by the incorporation ef the rullow- 
ing in.the gonereal “Line! sto. the Forester : “to, authorize the publication of 


such advertisements as may be necessary in such ols SI as. will Resi serve 
the need of the United States."=-P.D.K. . 


"How _ Forests Fecd t he Clouds." wand "Forests, and 4H Eeen Procress,'' Sve tha titles 
of two lectures by Raphael Zon, which will soon appear in a baok of asseinbled. 
lectures given by various men be fore the summer ,scneol at Columbia University 
This bobk will be published by Loubladay, Page & Company throvgli the coovera- 
tion of Dr. Caldwell of Lincoln School at Columbia. University. A cosy will ‘be 


placed free of charg: in the library of every eh soHoor of which there are 
two or taree hundred thousand. 


DISPAIGD 1 = yeh 1 DISTRICT. 


hievemsnt. Not many men ine the see iat a chance to 

show the value. OF. nee services ie the Government in dollars:and ceats as 
Clearly as dames VW. Girard, Logsing Znaginser in District 1, has recently. es 
How many of us could’ make Sood Pee had the chance like Jim dic. ¥san" open... - 
quistion. While expressing the value of three or four days.in dollars, and. 
Bus, sopnds art right, the cents may as well be dropped in. thisvcase, ‘for 
sSy avo insignificant, In fact, what Jim really did can be rounded off to 
493 mesrest $25,000 or 50,000. In the long run probably the bast we, could 
do would be to name it in: the nearest %100,000, But to the point: What did 
din do? 

When . the Bis Malheur chance was readvertised at ths reduced price of: 
¢2.00 por M, Jim's feelings were rather hurt, and his loyalty to Uncle Sam. 
spurred him to do something to prevent a sale in which he felt said.Uncle. 
would not be getting full value. You see, Jim had helped make the appraisal 
of this chance, and his judgement was at stake, Jim knows timber in big” TELS , - 
the costs of logging and milling to the nth degree. So he just ran over to 
see some of the north ‘Idaho operators. He only saw one, and this man, ata 
dark horse, was the successful bidder. He never even saw the timber, “hut based 
his bid of $2. 60 entirély on Jim's judgment. He simply asked Jim the! facts 
about the main features. "That's good enough for me to shoot millicns on. 
The timber is;mine,” he said. And so it is, and so one man in the Service, 


by his initiative. and by the reputation he has for knowing his business, darned 


for his cmployer in three days more than his salary for a couple of life 
times.--T.5. 


Timber Sale on the Coeur d'Alene: This district is about to advertise 70 mil-. 
lion feet of timber on Burnt Cabin Creek on the Coeur d'Alens, of which 12) (per. 
cent is white pine, ‘The sale will includs a rather interesting provision re- 
quiring the purchaser to construct ten miles of main line railroad, which will 
become the property of the United States. at the end of the sale. The entirs 
cost of the railroad will be depreciated against the Brent Cabin timber. About 
600 million feet of. merchantable timber in the Little North fork of the Coeur 
d'Alene will be made accessible by further extensions of this railroad, and in 
future dales the Service will, of course, get the. Benefit of the railroad 
construction to log the Burat Cabin chance, which will result in considerably 
higher stumpage prices. The Burnt Cabin timber ‘is being. advertised ates. 50 
per M for white pine, $1.00 for spruce, and 50 cents LOR rr i ane th, white: 
fir, and hemlock. The competition for white pine in the .Coour a’ Alene region | 
is very keen, and five or six bids aré ex cpected. ~The Little North Fork Work- 
ing Jircle shoul 4 maintain a sustained yield of about. 15 million feet, and the 
railro2d will serve as a permanent méans of trdnssortetion. 


re 


DESTRICT 2 - WCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Delinguent Grazing Foes: The record for the District shows about $4,350 in 
1921 fees still delinquent, covering 34 cases. or 1922, it shows 238 cases — 
with $11, O00. 


increas3 in Compensation for Injury Cases: The Medicine Bow Forest has had 
ton compensation for injury cases in less than a ysar. The causes include 
injury from using an ax (?), a saw, horse kicking, lifting on a rock, falling 
Gown on rocks, horse stepping on foot, and from using snowshoes(? )- 

The desirability of returning to field tests for ranger and forest 


assistants is suggested to include use of ax, Saw, snowshoes and care of 
horsese 


Bdith R. Mosher Publishes Constructive Tree-Study Lessons: Miss Edith R. 
Miosher, formerly of the Washington office, some years 2g0 compiled "Forest 
Study in the Primary Grades,‘' which was published by the State of Michigan 
in conjunction with the Forest Service, and has since been used as a text- 
book in the public schools of that State. She is now living in Centerville, 
Michigan. While in a sanitarium in Albuquerque, New Mexico, sh: finished 
her university course, securing the degree of A.B. She has recently pub- 
lished, through ©. W. Bardeen & Company at Syracuse, New York, a series of 
five graded books on Nature Study. 


DISTRICT 3. - SOUTHWESTERN DISTAIC? 


What _a Decade has Dove in Roads: During the last ten years many miles of Por- 
est roads 2nd trails have been built in D-S. Of the major projects Arizona 
has had 167 miles and New Maxico 126; in minor roads Arizona 672 and New 
Mexico 345. Trails 1,022 miles in Arizona and 1,165 in New Mexico have also 
been made. The cost of these roads and trails has amounted to $3,021,592. 


A Coronado Shade Tree: A cottonwood tree 265 feet in circumference d.b.eh., 
and about 70 feet high was recently discovered in Happy Valley, Rincom Dis- 
tyvict, by Messrs. Grubb and Olson. We don't claim that this is the largest 
ESes i District Three, but it represents fairly good growth for a region 
.voat is, in some quarters, supposed to be capable of producing nothing but 
cactus and brush.--Coronado. 


Grown-up Scouts: Opportunity is to be given a group of men to occupy a scout 
camp and romp for 2 week. Camp Lawton on the Coronado has become very pop- 
ular with boy scouts. Several hundred of them enjoyed its outings last year 
This year the scouts propose to turn their camp over for a part of tho sum 
mer to business and professional men of fucson and neighboring towns who need 
the kind of an outing boys enjoy. The boys think their dads who grew up be- 
fors the days of scouts did not, of course, have near the fun they have now, 
and wish to show them what a wonderful place for a good clean time a boy 
scout camp is. To be sure, the boys will caution the big scouts to be care- 
ful not to burn the woods down and to leave a clean camp. 


Shooting Ho as) for! Telephone Bolas: Santa Fe says it is practical and cheapes 
According to the Santa Fe Bulletin, experiments made on that forest have — 
demonstrated that holes for telephone poles may be successfully shot out at 
a reasonable cost. A driving bar with a turned over head should be used. 
“After being driven to the depth at which it is desired to set the pole, the 
bar hole is loaded with TNT or picric acid in amount sufficient to blow out 
at top of ground. A little cleaning out makes the hole ready for setting 
the pole. 
eK OK OR IE: 
IT CAN BE DONE 
Bdward Guest 


Somebody said that it couldn't be done, 
But he, with a chuckle replied, 

That may be it couldn't, but he'd not be one 
To say so till he tried. 

So he buckled right in, with a bit of a grin 
On his face = if he worried he hid it. 

He started to sing, as he tackled the thing 


— 


DISTRIST 6 - NURTH PAST ATIC DISTRICT 


It's Gotting Over; Th: 


ee 


smoking cars on the Northern Pacific Railway havc a 
neat sign about 6" x 


8", white card, red bordor, black lattors, which roads: 


ca re a re re nee re en ne re ree ae ne ne ele a Re tec seein ene hr ee I, 
° e 
° r) 


CAUTION 
Avoid Fires 


Do not throw wanted oie Hee ciga-" 
rettes or other fire from windows. 


Northern Pacific Ry. ex 


- ge we ge: erent 66. on os Oe 


pees Sate en ets pene 


nS en ed 


The smoking cars of the Oregon Electriés) out of Portland, up the Willa- 
mette Valley, carry @ similar card. The Tacoma;Shriners used a windshield | 
see rat their annual convention last summer and at other times, and. will 
use the same this year on their pilgrimage to Washington, DCH he sticker 
is 5" x 24", bright yellow, In the center is Mt. Rainier cud the Tacoma 


Shrine abl on, while in very heavy black letters on the left are the words: 
"HOT. SANDS§,"" and on the right, “PUT Our. YOUR FIRES." 


tf 
5 


n deviabl de ‘Reco 


: Supervisor aren or te sat oa! ‘is in on pretty near 
srything that takes place in his country, which shows that the community 
aera se a public spirited Forest officer. Brown is -. President. of the 
local Chotuaudue Association; member of the Egecutive Committee of the Lake- 
view 20d & Gun Club, Director of the Lakeview Round-up Association;. Master 
of the Masonic Lode: Séribe of the Royal Arch Masons; Treasurer of Lakeview 
Eneampaent, 1.0.0.0; member of Building Committee, Methodist Bpiscopal 
Uhurch (just completed a $40,000. church); wide acquaintance with’ school 


teachers and officers, Boy Scouts, and County Courts of Lake and iauath 
counties J. D.-G.e Ri 


9 
i 
ey 


op) 


caler Farnham of t the he Su aiiysur he Remarks: "Yea, Boy, the Study Sourse. ‘am here, 


sho’ nut. When I master this.Land Exd¢hange subject I'm going to hang out my 


shingle. However, I'm like the fellow who kicked oS too much’ salt in the 
bread, “it's just the way 'I “Like ats 


Good stuff for 2 fellow to put under is, hat all right. es 


' 


sre marernlly =ZASTEAN DE TRIGT 


The 1925. Survey _Program of the Alieghony’ Purchase Unit is an ambitious.-one, 
It 1s axpscted that acproz 3res offered: by some 60 owners and 


seis ‘imately LOOT ONO)s 
made up of about 115 tracts will be surveyed. To accomplish Tsu Wale er, 
It is planned to maintain 


necessary to imn approximately 600 miles of Lins. 

thrse survey camps of two crews each. An Hxeminer of Surveys: will be in. 
charge of eash camp and will be assisted by BT trans itmen. The Hxaminers 
of Surveys who will be in charge of the work are James Denman; A. R. Kinney, 
and A. A. Riemer. Trans itmen will be seléé td’ from the Alsou list result-’ 


‘ine from the recent transitman examima tion. “The personnel of the three camps 
* will include some 35 to ab men when Se RAG cat ‘40 full” SES 0 


A A RATHER NE NFAT COMPL COMPLIMENT SND ON FOREST Sz SERVIC % ROAD Wi TORK 
» (Clipped from the Star = Mena,’ : eae 


Stretching ayay westerly trom Acorn in the Me eawae t corner of Folk 
County, like a mighty tentacle from the city spider, winds the recently con- 
structed highway, fostered by the Forest Service Department of the Government. 
and under the; constructive direction of one of the best road builders in the 
South, M. L. Bell, formerly of Vandervoort. 

To one who has traveled slowly over it, closely ‘observing all details, 
the striking 1 


impression is made that marvelous results follow when good 


i 5 


LST Ar E ( Jouc luded) . 


judgment is. ‘brought to Seen on La aying out the = advantageous, ‘Location of a 
roadbed above: possible overflows; at. times leaving the ancient routes once 
taken by the. arly ‘pioneers, of least resistance, shortening or. elimination 
Or curves; ‘ple acing of durable culve rts, pnd, in fact, making a complete job 
i OME ati : 
at ; + The. Ode time! ms athods have given away to modern ones wherein s tump- 
lifting powder is supplemented by three and four teams attached to heavy 
graders, which cleave their way through tenacious roots and stones and leave 


a nicely crowned and packed surface, over which traffic can speed, in keep- 
206 with ways of: modern business. | 


sae suoKEA HELD BY WAS SHINCT oN OFICE 
By Claude Ballard 


The "Boys" in thé ‘Forest’ Service pot. es tease at the University Club 
Thursday, April 19, in an Old-fashioned Smoker. Several officials of the 
Interior Department were present, as were also Several members of the De- 
partment of Agriculture outside the Forest Service. Tl prograt: consisted 
of selections by an improvised quartette composed of Messrs. Noroross, 
Barnes, Scott Ballard, ‘and Hilton. Paul Kelleter, better known: as "Shorty, o 
rendéréed 2 few choice selections on the piano. He also acted as. pianist for 
the quartetts. ‘Mr. Barnes gave 2 talk on incidents in his early life that 
proved very interesting to the members present, some of-whom never knew that 
Will was a sure-enough Indian fighter in the days. that Geronimo and his band 
roved the plains. Inman eae ae told-of his éarly days in the. Forest ‘Serv- 
ige, 2.1 yould up his 1a") with ene or:twe good Stories... Messrs. Mattoon, | 
POD ela ess ea Nanak CCS cody eévrt-room scene that was a ''scream." 
Acer Cac Heonth pCR Mie ate Wer ‘sory to the assembled mailtitude. o jack 

ithace Get--Tose tase taectines are’ very. much enjoyed by members of the 


Service, ond they have. fot, i be annual ‘affairs. eee left. with the feeling 
thet it was good -to hay & bee n there." . 


MINOR, ROADS_IM_PANSYLVANTA 
“By Roy Headley, NESTLE EOD 


‘The following extract fron the Eames dssued ‘Marual of the Pemsylvania 
Department of Forestry is an interesting expression of the judgment of Penn- 
sylvania Sp on mages standards’ for forest roads: 


” Regulation 4x26 we. 


Wh 4 Standard forest road of the Department is 7 feet from the inner 
asdge of one ditch to the inner edge ge of the opposites ditch, and with a grade 


not to excesd 68 per cent, Variations from these standards will-be made 
on with the approval | of nO". 


"The need for roads for forest protection and administration is so 
‘great that a greater length of uarrow serviceable road is more important 
than less road of greater width. ‘Because of soil. conditions or the needs 
of traffic, departures from the standard width may occasionally be neces- 
sary. It may also be necessary, in order to avoid unwarranted. expense, to 
permit a grade in’excess of 8 per centfor a short distance. In such cases 
the District Pbrester (between the District Ranger and the: Forest Super- 
visor in the U. S. Forest Service, - RH.) will report the facts fully to 


the Bureau of Operation ah. Peles recommendation of the type of road to be 
built." 


poe Oa eae eee ee ee ae 


Pain Y fs 


ENT OF ABRICUS 


Service Oul sia 


U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
a (Contents Confidential) - 


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Fh HK a ok oh Se oH aie ok ok RRR OR aR AS Ne Seok ote Ok 3k of at > * AE HK 9s OK eK A ae aie FE ak OE DE De IE 2k ok OK Ss KE aie oe 3 


One more honor has been re¢ sived: by. Colonel 

Greeley, the War Department on Wednesday, April 26, 
having conferred upon him the Distinguished Service 
Medal for exceptionally msritorious and distinguished . 
services during the World \lar... The medal was bestowed, 
by the: Secretary of Warr ‘in, the presence of Genoral 
-Hines, Rear!Admiral ‘Flotcher, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Herbst, Major Maddux, and Mr. Robert ?.. Bréékings, 
former ‘tasmb er of the War Se ce Board. ene aye 


DN SN 
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* 

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ok 

sk 

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tinguished Service! Me dal. SEP Beal ha to 3 
4 : * 

uid idem B. eating eit Sua EG ties? : 

. Engineer Officers He serve Gorps:; then: l¥eubenant— xf 
colonsl, Corps of Zigineers, United States s 
Army. for exceptionally meritorious and dis- * 
tinguished services. In charge ofiiths: Forestry  * 
section of the Division of Construction in | * 
Forestry from June, 1918,.to duly, 1919, ho’ + 
suparvised the operations Of) a2 forestry x 
troops in France, Hé rendered highly impor- : . 
tant and valuable service to the Government, * 
contributing markedly to the successes of the = 
American forces in ‘France, " 3 
Kk 

* 

* 

* 

* 

oe 

* 

* 

* 

* 

4 

* 

* 

* 


A 


“Colonel Greeley, who was with the Forest Engineers. 
from August, 1917, to July, aio, . also has the honor 
of having been decorated by. the. Branch Government’ 


ment with the Sistine sticd service Order, 


4n impromptu reception was held in the Forester's 
office immediately after the decoration had been con- 
ferred, at which members of the Washington office 
and District. 7 expressed to Colonel Greeley their 
“congratulations. - 


SH KK KK FE KK 3 KK 2 OK ck OK KK Kk EK ko SK 3k Ok SOK Kk ok ak ok aR ok ok ok OK oe aR EK 3c ok 3k 4 


Phe eitation accompany, ng the. ostowal of thie Dis pe 


with the Legion of Honor and by the British peas see 


WIT, Nos TB. i ‘Washington, DA Oe pan Ae de 1 SOn sees 


DIVISION OF RIS TONSIBILITY (Continued) 
By Jobn Hy Ee dike 
(Ogden Grazing Conterence 


Looking at our grazing administration, as well as other Service activ- 
ities, thsre has been a pretty consistent policy followed, it secms to me, of 
transferring responsibility to the field. A brief review of the Grazing 
branch of the Service takes us from almost complete control at Washirgton from 
if05 to 1908, gradually iess complete control from 1909 to 1926, to almost as 
couplote jurisdiction by thse District offices in 1921. 

The guestion which arises at this time, I think, is whether there 
should be a still further extension of responsibility, not nscessarily to the 
District offices, but to the Forests. Our Forest Supervisors and Rangers have 
reached their majority in most of the essential details of the grazirg admin- 
istration, unless there should be rapid and radical changes in present policy; | 
and in the lyterests of uniformity there should remain the present general 
Supervisory control for a year or two longer, until matters become mors sta- 
bilized again. However, if the policies can be definitely Bue eI I taink wo 
need not wait to place the responsibility. 

Let me present for possible discussion a few concrete suggestions; 


General control of authorizations for five-year or lower periods and 
authority to permit, regulate, or prohibit grazing on the National forests. 


2. Forester's Beacorerta tea, 


General supervisory control under the Sorerany authorization. 
Formation of general policies. Correlation of progressive measures and ideas 
for the Service as a whole. Zstablishment of yearlong rates... Handling of 
civil trespass cases requiring departmental action, and the larger criminal 
cases. Maintenance of general cooperative relations between the Service and 
Congressional committees, various departments, bureaus, national livestock 
associations, ctc. 


5. District Forsster's Respons 


& £O%SS 


ibility 


General control of National Forest grazing and interpretation of 
established regulations and policy. Approval of changes in authorizations 
exceeding 10 per cent. Review of Supervisors' management plans and issuance 
of needed instructions. Maintenance of cooperative relations and Cirect con- 
tact between Districts and local State institutions and Federal representatives 
of various bureaus. Handling-of all innocent and wilful trespass cases in ox- 
cess of $200.00 except those cases which through failures. to sscure settlement 
locally should be referred to the Attorney General. .(If possible, procedure 
Should be arranged for referring civil cases and criminal cases up to a certain 
size direct to the local United States ib COED EM uber advisabls. | 


4. Supervisor's Responsibility 


Handling of applications:and issuance of pdrmits, Allotment of range 
between different classes‘of stock under approved policies and objectives. - 
Establishnont of seasons and rates-less than yearlong, Zstablishment of drive- 
ways. Changes in authorizations, within 10 per cent. Handling of innocent 
trespass cases up to 200 under general trespass policy,: and small wilful 
cases involving punitive damages up to $25.00 after reference to the District 
office. (There are numbers of small wilful cases too small to refer to the 
Courts, and the Supervisor could ina great many cases get prompt settlement 
Saale ke: cowid f=40) direct to the trespasser and make the demand, backed by the 
District office.) Approval of special rules with livestock associations which 
have become standard policy. 


= Ou t 


DEVESION OO RESPONSIPILITY (continued) 
5. Ranger's Responsibility 


Detailed management and control of grazing umdor oxisting regulations 
(and policies. Approval of applications on districts whore the grazing business 
has settled down andj there is no need to consider applications from a Forest 
standpoint by the Supervisor himself. I am not sure whathsr I wholly concur 
in this suggestion myself, but I want to present it for purposes of discussion. 
If ovr future policy is to stabilize permits, there would be even more argument 
) for the suggestion than under the present regulations. Handling by direct con- 
tact of innocent grazing trespass cases up to $50.00 after review or consulta- 
tion with his Supervisor, 
As to the accountability of Forest officers for good management of for- 
age resources, I think that shoul? rest first with the man on the ground. With 
‘policies and procesure and progressive ideas now so wall outlined and avail- 
able to the fizld men, there shoul? be progressive application of these prin- 
Ciples and progressive installation of the ideas which studies and practical 
-danonstrations have shown to bs desirable. If the Washington and District 
offices and Studies men fail in getting these things out to the field, then I 
| Should say the principal responsibility for lack of progress would rest with 
| these so-called cloaring houses. I think, too, the District offices and Wash- 
) ington office should be responsible for seeing that Studies men are assigned 
'to Porests as rapidly as possible where a general program of installation of 
| the more intensive studies details are desirable, and which have not yet become 
| $0 gsherally known and racognized. Salting plans, the bedding out system of 
jgrazing, proper seasonal control, capacity estimates, etc., neod no specialists 
to put them into effect. 
As’ for carrying on the intimat: datails of pure administration, I should 
| Say the responsibility rests first, under present day conditions and always, 
‘with the local officers, and secondly, with the District offices. In criticiz- 
ing a forest for lack of accomplishnent, however, we must not overlook ths un- 
/usual demands made by the war, and that readjustments take time. But we must 
also recognize the war is over, as far as this country is concerned, we hope, 
)and wo must not lean indefinitaly on this support in mking allowances for lack 
)of accomplishment. I think, too, in placing this responsibility for accomplish- 
ment with the Forssts we must not ovsorlook the fact that certain responsibility 
‘Tests with the District offices in getting around to the Forests at not too long 
\intervals, Changes in grazing conditions sometimes occur so slowly and imper- 
Geptibly from year to ysar that the man on the ground all th3 time may not see 
then, and it requiras a chack from the outside to get a more accurate picture 
of what is happening, Thers is such a thing, too, I think, as an officer 
getting too familiar with his local conditions. I mean by that, having looked 
)Upon certain scenes so often our eyes fail to sse and to note what is actually 
taking place, and it becomes advisable sometimas to furnish spectacles in the 
form of eyes from the outside, or changes in scens, Thess tendencies, in my 
“judgment, enphasjZe the need for more detailed check studies on the ranges 
‘which will.show Goncretely and make permanent record of just what is happening 
\from year to year or at stated intervals, instead of dspending so much upon 
General observations and opinions, which often becom3 dulled, so to speak, by 
4 familiarity which breeds contempt + contempt for closer study and observa- 
$ions, and tae making of permanent records. 
As to rangs inspections, two weaknesses appear to have developed. first, 
‘they are doubtless too superficial, and secondly, there is not a close enough 
‘follow-up to see that unsatisfactory conditions ars. corrected after having 
been determined by inspection. 
The first essential of an effective ae is the use of an outline, 
‘not too cumbersome or mechanical, but one that will keep before the inspecting 
Officer the essentials and which will insure that proper record be made of 
facts and observations. We have attempted the use of such outlines for several 
‘years now, but, as in many other things, familiarity frequently breeds con- 
tempt, and the first thing we know we are simply hitting the high spots and 
“recording the things which make their most direct appeal, It frequently re- 
‘quires an interval of several years to getharound to a forest again, and the 
tendency is to try to see all the Forest ina trip of 2 couple of weeks, and 
obviously it is impossibls under such a plan to get down *o amch detail on 


| 


\ 
i 


-_= oe 


DIVISION OF RESRONSIBILITY (Concluded) 


anything. About all that is accomplished is to call to the attention of the 
local officer ths things that fill your eyes, and encourage him to follow thom 
up and work thom out. Y am coming more and more to the opinion that the limi- 
tations of our fisld time and the necessity of spreading it out so thin in an 
attempt to cover ovcry district of a Forest in one brief trip make it advisa- 
ble to concentrate, say, on one or two districts and take up things in more ~ 
detail on those particular districts, and make observations and records that 
may bs duplicated and furnished the districts not visited. This will help to 
show the others what are considered essentials and perhaps point the way to 
more independent work on the districts not visited. Then.the next trip around 
mak2 but a hurried check survey of ths districts previously visited and con- © 
centrate on some not cogyered intensively on previous trips. I bslieve we will 
become more useful supervisory officers if we will follow such a program in the 
future. 


SUCCESS OF RORESTRY DEPENDS ON EDUCATION 
By Theo. Shoemaker, Del 


In an editorial under the heading, "ture of Forestry in People’s Hands," 
tha AMERICAN LULMIBERMAN of April 7 says in part; 

“Forestry and rodonaatstt gost) offer a severe test to free government 
in the United States. Hire protettion is said to be 85 per cent of the problem 
of reforestation of cut-ovor lands; and fire annually destroys enormous areas 
of matures timber. The future timber supply, therefore, is largely in tho hands | 
of those who Cceuse Fizas, chicfly that part of the public that does not own 
either timber or cut-ovor iands; aad this is the part also that complains of the 
cost of lumber while sozking to place uoon timber and cut-over landowners the 
chief burden of reforestation. 

"In 2 nutshell, protection of the forests from fire is resolvad into the 
problem of protecting the propsrty of timber and cut-over landowners from the 
depredations of the *public’ or at least that part of the public that causes 
forest fires. The laws now and always impose a severe penalty for negligent 
and malicious setting of fires. No new laws are needed; the requisite is a new 
recognition of tha rights of property, a more onlightensd Amcrican citizenship, 

“The problem of reforestation, thsrefors, practically stated, is to teach 
the people what overy good citizen is already presumed to know. A great deal 
might be said about this deplorable situation, especially in view of the fact 
that it is not peculiar to the forestry problem. A great deal has been said 
about laxity of law onforcement; more should be said about law observance, 
Certainly, the people can hardly complain of the delay in reforestation so lom 
as the fires they themselves cause are the most potent factor in destroying 
trees and prev2nting regrowth. . 

"Public sentiment with respect to reforestation is steadily changing for 


the bettar; owners of cut-over land find their best resource, not in stringent 
laws necessarily, but in the simple expedient of showing the public its vital 
interest in fire protection and perpetuating the timber supply." 


It would be hard to state the situation more clearly, or to give a better 
basis for the emphasis the Service,is now giving to the task of educating the | 
general public. It is not enough: io teach fire prevention alone. A knowledge 
of forests and what they mean to mman welfare must become ingrained jn the 
minds of the mass of the American people. It mst be made a part of our ele- 
mentary education, starting not with the first year in school, but in the home 
and in the kindergarten, and contimuing through all of life. It must find its 
place in our literature and in our schools, beginning with the simplest of bed- 
time stories and running through the text books on nature study, civics, eco- 
nomics, geography, and history, ami on beyond the schools into the short stor- 
ies, fiction, and serious writings of our best authors, It needs to be taught 
in all these ways, and to be sung in poetry and fablo until it becomes a part of 
the whole moral and mental fiber of the nation. Wot until then will we have the 
support that will enable us to do with the forests what our permanent prosperity 
requires. 


- a4- 


Mr. Raphael Zon of th: Washington office has been unanimously clected to suc- 
ceed the late Dr. Fernow of Yoronto as Zditor in Chief of the JOURNAL OF FOR- 
BSTRY, the organ of the Society of American Foresters- lw. Zon has been acting 
in the capacity of managing Rditor since 1917, when the Foresiry Quarterly and’ 
Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters wers consolidated into the 
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY. ' 


‘4 Jorss! A Horss! My Kingdom for a Horse; In his annual report, the Supervisor 
of on2 of District Two's Forests makes tho following comment on the question of 
range 1nspections; 
"The Hangers have all been required to use horses this year and 
cover their range allotments on horseback. This practice will be 
continued in the future." 


the Ford, however, will be useful in getting into town to the movies Saturday 
nights.--3d. 


PUREST PAUTUSTS LABORATORY 


Seasoning Wool by Electricity; Seasoning wood by passing mild electric currents 
through it seems to be used in some pleces abroad. It is claimed that by one 
ofthese procssses wood not only rapidiy loses moisture but acquires remarkable 
tomcity and is not subject to rots A littlo expsrimental work upon electrical 
segsoning done at the Laboratory indicates that claims mads for these various 
precesses are in general much overdrawn. Experience shows that there is no 
Justification in expecting better results than with kiln drying methods, and it 
Ssems certain that the cost of electrical processes would necessarily be much 
erqater than kiln drying, 


Comespondencs in Wood Pulp Manufacture: "Going to school has bacn one of the 
brigatest spots of my life this winter. It has brought out one thing very 
Clearly to my mind. A may may be well up in his work from the practical point 
of view, but he must dabble in the theory just enough to get started. Then he 
gots intcrested, then he wants more of it, and shortly he realizes that there 
ig more to his work than he ever dreamed of as just a practical paper man." 

That is what one of the 8 corrsspondence-school students wrote concern- 
ing the course in manufacture of wood pulp that is being given at the Laboratory 
in gooperation with the University of Wisconsin, 
| The 84 men cnrolled include superintendents, chemists, oilers, and 27 
other Varietios of employment in pulp manufacture showing that in this trade, 
Just as in the Forest Services, there are men occupying advanced as well as sub= 

ordizate positions who realize the need for technical knowledge of their work. 
| The popularity of the courses and the stick-to-it-ness of thse students is. 

indi¢ated by the fact thet fewer than 5 per cent of those enrolled have dropped 
out, and by the high grades received. Of 534 papers graded, only 18, or a 
little over 5 per cent, have fallen below the passing mark and had to be ro 
Witten. High grades of 93 to 100 were received by over half of the students. 
New enrollments are approximately 8 a month, although very little effort 
tas been made to get publicity for the courses. Indications are that these 
4ourses will grow in popularity. | | 


ee re ee 


creased Timber Business in Wyoming: The proposed North & South Railroad in 
Ke OMing, which, according to report, is to be built at an early date by the. 
“Askell interesis, will be of a great deal of importance in connection with the 
‘aber business on the Bighorn Porest. ‘This railroad will extend from Casper, 
Wyoming, to Miles City, Montana, a distance of 320 miles. 
¥ An operator who is just starting in on the Bighorn under a small sale of 
A&provimatcly 6C 0% hewed railroad ties and a smail amount of sawlogs, has re- 
Gtatly entersd into a contract calling for delivery of 256,000 ties to this new 
Railroad by November 15, 1923. Approximately 1,000,000 ties will be requircd ~ 
for this railmad, so a thriving timber business on the Bighorn Ibrest is antici- 
cated. 


a 


DISTRICT 2 (Cone. ) 


The demand for railroad ties elsewhere in the District scems to con- 
tinue strong. A sale of 560,0C0 hewed railroad ties and 5,500,000 feet of 
sawlogs was recently made the Wyoming Timbcr Company within the Muddy Creek 
unit on the Medicine Bow Forest; rates of 133¢ for hewed railroad ties and 
50¢ per thousand feet for sawlogs. 


Assistant Forester Herbert Smith spent the week of April 16-21 in De going 
over the working plans and general public Relations work with the local of- 
fice. ii. Smith addressed the District office meeting on Friday, April 20. 


trovble which has existed in the public domain of northwestern Colorado for 
some time, the Colorado legislature, just closed, passed a license law to be 
administered by the County Commissioners, which provides for a tax not to ex- 
cced 5¢ per head on sheep and 20¢ per head on cattl2 coming within the 5tate 
from other States to graze or cross ths public lands. This is going to in- 
troduce a lot of difficulties in connection with the use of Yorsst ranges, 
wheres most of the demand in the past has come from Utah, Wyoming, and other 
States, and where preforence has been established by long periods of uses 

It is conceivable, where the Board of County Commissioners consists of cattle 
men, that the entrance of outside sheep might be prohibited altogether under 
this act. Wyoming has for some time had a similar act where a charge of 3¢ 
per head is made on sheep for the purposes of inspection 2ud sanitation, but 
it is not considersd a license as in the Colorado law. 


oR 


Secretary's Visit: Secretary of Agriculture Wallace and his Administrative 
Assistant, Mr. Jump, arrived in Albuquerque from the West the morning of 
April 18 in th>3 course of a five weoks’ trip in the Southwest. Ir. Wallace 
made a bric? inspection of the District office. In a few minutes in sach 
branch he eaught the high lights of the kind and cless of work that is being 
done. Shortly after nine o'clock a Department mseting was held in the Cham- 
ber of Commerce. mployees from ell the bureaus represented in Albuquerque 
were present 2nd listened to an address by the Seerstary 2nd to remarks by 
Mir, Jump. At ten o'clock the Secretary took part in a meeting of Southwest- 
ern stockm2n and bankers. He lunched with the Kiwanis end Rotary Clubs at 
noon and spoke before those org2nizations which met together for the occasion. 
Turing the afternoon a trip was made down the valley to the Indian Pueblo of 
Isleta, in order that the Sccretary might glimpse on the way the agricultural 
possibilitics of the Rio Grande Valley. ‘The Secretery teft by auto in the 
late afternoon for Santa Fs, wheres he spent one day, and then resumed his 
journey eastward. Members of the Department who met Mr. Wallace ers impressed 
that not only is he a capable Cabinet officer, but he is intsussly concsrned 
in the work of every bureau and office in his Department, including the well- 
being of each employee. 


Firo Hazard at Zero: We think of a forest without firs hazarca as a sort of 
paradise, don't we? Well, such are Brazilian forests. Thsre is never any 
pronounced dry season and Zir2s will not bura in the virgin forests. On the 
other hand, there are the snakes 2nd the insects which make working in these 
forests at least interesting. Th2 latter are especially bad in ths tropical 
hardwood forests, where at certain seasons of the year it is almost impossi- 
ble to work. There are mosquitos and gnats, stinging flies and many varisties 
of ants all looking for prey and thsy make life miserable for one. ‘The forests 
themselves are a tangled mass of trees, vines, creepers, vtc., etc., whieh ong 
Can penetrate only with difficulty. And withall it's mighty hot. No, one c#a 
not say that it's the best place on earth to work, even if there arg no fir2se-- 
J.C,K. 


Ten Years of Changs: Roster of D-3 Supervisors during the last ten years indi- 
cates turnover 2nd opportunities for advancement that one decads brings in 
forest organization. Ten years ago, of the present Supervisors, ons wes still 
in Forest School; one was a temporary forest guard; four were rangers; two 
were forest assistants; one was in charge of a land classification party, and 
one was a deputy. Only three were Supervisors. 

26 


———— 


DISTRICT 3 (Concluded) 


Who Can Say?: Billie Shannon writes in from the Fort Bayard nursery and raises 
a question: “It is noted that in the American forostry Magazine's story con- 
test the Rangcor is limited to 1,200 words, while his wife is allowed 2,500. 
‘Is this a tacit acknowledgment that the female of the species is more loqua- 
cious than the male?" 


DISTRICT 4 — INTERVOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Sh2ltsr Belts on Denver & Rio Grande: The Denver and Rio Grande Railroad has 
been expericncing much difficulty with snow in the high passes of Colorado and 
also in the vicinity of Soldier Summit, Utah. It is their desire to plant trees 
along both sides of their right of way to form a shelter belt and to protect 
their tracks from immense snowdrifts. 

Last week, Deputy Supervisor Van Boskirk of the Manti Forest and Supsr- 
visor Blakeslee of the Uinta Forest, met with officials of the D. & R. G. W. 
Hailroad at Soldier Summit to discuss plans for planting timber along the right 
of way between Soldier Summit and Colton. This stretch is in a brushy country, 
covered naturally with oak brush, sagebrush and similar growth. Rainfall is 
espscially low, considering the elevation, and it promises to be a problem in- 
deed to find any native and foreign species that will grow thriftily enough in 
that situation to do any good. 


Atta Boy! “I am repairing telephone line and fences stormy days, painting out- 
Sids of house fair days, and I am telling you, together with the above work and 
getting ready for Porsst Protection Week nights, I am awfully rushed. Then be- 
Sides 1 am very nervous over tha latter work; as you know, I am not mich for 
school teachers, but i have taken up Forest Protection Week with one who began 
by saying she has a girl friend who had-a friend who married 2 Forest Ranger whom 
she mst during a campaign of this sort."--Humboldt. 


Mors Timber Sales: Application has been received for approximately ten million 
feet of timber, mostly westarn yellow pine, in the Goose Creek Chance on the 
idaho Forest. The Supervisor will insist that overmature inferior species, 
Such as white fir, be removed. If the purchaser does not care for this class 
of material, no sale will be made. 


The Scenic Resources of Utah: Assistant District Forester R. %. Gery has been 
compiling a general report on the scenic and recreational advantages of Utah 
for a long time, and has collected a remarkable set of photographs of Utah 
scenery. A copy of his finished report fell into the hands of the editor of 
the Utah Pay Roll Builder, a small local magazine. ‘They are very enthusiastic 
&bout Mr. Gery’s work and wish to publish it as a serial in their magazine. 


4 Spring Visit to the Kaibab Forest: Forest Examiner §. B. Locke, in company 


with bir. 2, A. Goldman of the Biological Survey, made an early spring trip to 
ths Kaibab National Forest in the latter part of March in order to inspect the 
Vinter decr range. They were also accompanied by Supervisor McPheters and 

Scott Dunham, a celebrated lion hunter. They took a drive around the edge of 
vhe Forest and found conditions very satisfactory in most places. The shrubby 
species upon which the deer feed are very persistent and stand the cropping vsry 
w3ll, The intensive use of some of this range is shown by a member of juniper 
‘rses which have been trimmed by the deer as high as they could reach. The 
warty also made a trip to Thunder River, which springs out of the side of the 
wand Canyon and flows a few miles to reach the main Colorado River. Several 
Shorsand trout eggs were planted in this river which previously has been without 
ees Peculiar ecological conditions were found along this stream, the upper 
“tS oF which is 2 succession of cataracts. Such peculiar species as barrel 
ctus and maidéuhair fern were found within a few feet of each other. 


fo sft 


HK KK KD 


4 people without children would face a hopeless future; a country with- 
Gut trees is almost as hopeless, forests which are so used that they can not 
tenow themselves will soon vanish, and with them their benefits. A true forest 
tS not msrely a storehouse full of wood, but, as it were, a factory of wood, 
=ad at the same time @ reservoir of water. When you help to preserve our for- 
ssts or to plant new ones, you are acting the part of good citizens.--THS0DORZ 
ROOSEVELT. 


yp 


DISTRICT 6 - NOATH PavlMG DISTRICT a; 


Not Common in That Covntry: A gams enthusiast and strong supporter of conserva- 
tion took an auto trip to Michigan. Zn route the party stopped at a popular 
fishing and camping ground. The iittlo daughter triod her luck at fish and not 
having much luck antreated hor father to teach her tha art. He, proud of thea 
confidonce bestowed, took the pole and ling and in a very short time landsd 

two nics trout. 

About this time a rather officious looking parson addressed the father 
thusly: "Have you 2 license for this county?" The father, somowhat embarrassed, 
assured him that he had and began to fumble in his pockets for it, The officer 
had noticed the sticker on the windshield of the car, 'Pat Out Keep Out Forest 
Fires." Ho said, "Are you the driver of that forest Service car there?" 

"Yes," said father, “and that other gentleman is with me and I am sure he has a 
license, too."" "That's all right, then," said the officer, and walked away. 

"Father" writes that he is very grateful for that sticker and also that 
he will never be caught fishing in another man's country without a license.-- 
G.2.M. 


The Supervisor of the Siskiyou says: “In January, there ware six of us in the 
office writing reports, and we got ‘em wrote, the whole 28 or so of them. Thers 
are only a few stragglers left to round up now. The property is mostly show- 
ing up = there are a few mysterious disappearances, as usual, but it's turning 
out better than wo thought it would. The Kerby-Page Creek telephone lines is 
beginning to look lixs a telephone line, inspite of the bad weather. It may 
be of interest to know that ten to fourteen 45-foot holes make a darned good 
day's work for a vsry onsrgetic man," 


Anothsr Rat Catchsr: there hava been several valuable formulae and handy ds- 
vices, such as paint vemover, chsmicsis to produce various colored flames, and 
rat catching devices described in the Bulletin, 

I would liks to soe a special column or space for just such things and 
a bid mado for idoas from tha ficld, 

The rat-catching davice made me think of a mouse and rat catchor that I 
have made use of quite often. There may be soms who have not heard of it. Take 
a large vessel, such as a water pail, crock, or milk can; partly fill with 
water or other cheap fluid; tio a sheet of fairly heavy paper over th: top like 
the head of a drum. Thon slit the paper in the middls with two cross slits in 
the form of an X and suspend a piece of cheese, 4n ice craam cons, or other 
handy article of food a few inches above the slit paper. Then lock up the 
remaining food in the cabin, go to bed, and if you are not too sleepy, listen 
for the splash.--F.W.C,. 


-~b— 


Service 
U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VIL, No. 19. Washington, D. C. May 7, 1923, 


MINING CLAIMS VS. TIMBER SALES 


ee a an ae ee mt ee ere ee —— 


By M. W. Thompson, De2 


Ths recent decision of the Circuit Court of Appeals, by which the de- 
Cree of the District Court of South Dakota was reversed in the United States 
vse Hrank Sherman case, should be of interest to Forest officers adminis- 
tering timber sales - particularly sales in which difficulties have been en- 
countered on account of mining claims (assuming that the Black Hills region — 
is not the only one in which so-called mining claims have seriously inter- 
fered with timber operations). 

In June, 1918, a sale of approximately a million feet of timber was 
advertised and awarded within the Black Hills National Forest. The sale had 
not progressed very far when a mining claimant informed the local Forest offi- 
Cers that he had two valid lods claims within the sale arsa, located about 
Sixtcen years previously, though there was no evidence on the ground of the 
location of the claims or that assessment work had been done. The claimant 
objected to the cutting of timber on the claims, but would not definitely in- 
dicate where the corners were supposed to be and, as a matter of fact, claimed ~ 
Several times as much acreage as he was entitled to hold under two claims. 

Suit was brought to secure an injunction restraining the claimant from 
interfering with the cutting of timber on the claims, and a decision unfavor- 
able to the United States was rendered by the District Judge, who, it is under- 
Stood, is on rather friendly terms with the mining locator: 

The primary reason for the decision apparently was the fact that the 
Claimant was a man of the Hills, wasn't supposed to be a surveyor and compo- 
tent to locate claims accurately, though, as a matter of fact, he had attended 
the Sehool of Mines at Rapid City, S. Dak. He alleged the discovery of min- 
eral, the filing of location certificates, annual assessment work done, and 
the law complied with in every rsspect, and received a favorable decision in 
the lower court, 

The Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court. This action 
was taken largely on the basis that the claims were not distinctly marked on 
the ground so that the boundaries could be readily traced, and the location 
certificatss did not describe the claims so that they could be located with 
reasonable certainty. Lit is brought out that posssssion comes only through 
valid location, and if there is no location there can be no possession under 
it. 

The evidence showed that the claimant had indicated to Forest officers 
in a gsneral way about where original stakes were supposed to have been 
driven, or blazed trees that wers supposed to have been the original corners. 

The South Dakota statutes provide that surface boundaries shall be 
marked by cight substantial posts, blazed, marked and sunk in the ground at 
each corner and at center of end or side lines. The evidence showed no pre- 
tense to comply with the law in this respect, and the descriptions contained 
in the location notices were not such as to identify the claims with reason- 
able certainty. These faatures, as w3ll as the fact that there had never 
been any actual discovery on one of the claims, resulted in the favorable 
decision in the Vircuit vourt of Appeals. 


MINING CLAIMS VS. TIMBER SALES (Concluded) 


It should be encouraging to local Forest officers, who have had so mech 
difficulty in this case and in a number of similar cases, to learn that the 
Forest Service has taken the right stand and has been finally granted a favor- 
able decision. Zvorything possible has been dons to secure a decision with 
as little delay as possible, and it is wifortunate that tha operations of 
the purchaser have been delayed for several years and that he has been put to 
additional sxpense on that account. Such 2a decision should have a beneficial 
effect on other similar "hold-up" mining claimants. 


_A QUESTION 


In his recent article on the consistency of our timber sals policy, 
Mr. Bates askes, "How can the Government reduce the present rate of cutting 
and consumption?" . ; cette 

This question brings to mind another. Is it incumbent upon the United 
States, in the face of an almost cartain "gap" as indicated by the Capper re- 
port, to furnish timber to foreign countries? From the standpoint of the 
internationalist, perhaps it is. Conversely, from the staadpoint of the 
nationalist, which is the vicw held by the majority, it probably is not. It 
would be intsrosting to know what effect, if any appreciable one, the exporta- 
tion of lumber: is having upon our timber: supply. This phase of the situation 
seems to-have been given little consideration. Will-not some one who has the 
necessary data a -hand enlighten us?-- Robert L. Campers pai 


as AN AN_ANSWER tay" 


i Supervisor vampbell. has peaeta a saostion whieh wecks of research and 
debate: could not: sebtae definitely, because it involves many. oehom things than 
mathematics, — 

‘The records show that in the LO. years: ‘previous to 1922 ths average ex- 
ports of lumber were 1, 516 million feet per year. . In the same period the inm- 
ports. averaged 1,088- apices feet. The excess of exports is therefore 428 
million. fest, which is 1.2 per cent of the average cut for the period. 

Supposing it possible in times of peace to establish an embargo : against. 
exports, the results might be very unfavorable to the United States. It is not 
-improbable that some of the lumber exported is used in American enterprise in 
foreign lands. Ths counter-embargoes which our action might invite would © 
prove exceedingly embarrassing to our manufacturers of automobiles, airplanes, 
boats, cameras, caskets, cigar boxes, clocks, cutlery, firearms, . furniture, 
interior finish, musical instruments, paper, picture aes -Seientific in- 
struments, and show cases. 

The total value of exports in 1920 (wood and manera s of wood) was 

§386,006 ,000, whereas the value of the imports was $208,000,000. The balance 


of trads is against us both in quantity and value. Nevertheless, for a differ- 


ence of $22,000,000 we can not afford to deny ourselves tha necessities and 
luxuries listed above made of the most suitable materials. We get that 
amount of satisfaction out of the things we import. The balance in value» 
would not be against us if it were not for the aie: amports of pulpwood, 
which we do not export. * 

The bulk of both cxports and imports tn lumber is not luxury woods. 
It isa fair exchange of the work-a-day materials of the world at, points where 
such exchange is favorable to both parties. We get back in imports over 70 
per cent of the amount of lumber we export. | 

If we were in the position of Canada with her pulpwood - all going out 
and none coming in =- the situation would perhaps warrant drastic measures for 
the national welfare. 

But 1.2 per cent of the cut is a negligible quantity, even in thig time 
of increasing need, if to retain it we would be compelled to-do things which 


would seriously affact the business world and perhaps: lower our living stand- ,. 


ards. «4 Slight improvemant in provention of wood waste would be a far. more 
logical means of saving 428 million feet annually than any attempt to cholze 
er divert the natural flow of commorce.--2. Vi Reynolds, Washington, 


pai 


Prometheus’ gift, at Satan's call, 

Brom harmless glow flams-tongued you crawl 
Up mountainside and o'or its crest, 
Destroying all with crusl zest. 

You gorge on leaves and underbrush 

And blast the troes as on you rush. 


Your venom breath disrobes their green 
To towering spires and snags that lean 
As flaming brands of spiteful hate 

And mark the scene you devastats,- 
While hot winds shriek in wild delight 
And urge you on to meaner spite. 


With frenzied fear 2.11 wild life flees 
To distant groups of shelt'ring trees 
Beneath the pall against the sky; 
And parching beds of Streams go dry 
As on you roar with fearsome speed 
To consummate your fiendish deed. 
Proud kings that rsignod a thousand years 
Rest lirslcss now on blackened biers; 

» Thay smolder on = just burning wood oon 
That smokas, and glovis, and serves no e00d ie) 
Til low' ring veil of weeping cloud ( 
From rev'ront Hoaveh spreads a shroud. 


~=W odd oMe 
SCTENCE REPLACES ACES WULIS OF THUNB IN NURSZAY PRACTICE 


By ¥W. G Wahlenberg, Priest River Expe Station’ 


On2 of the old rules of thumb in nursery work prescribes that soed 
should bs sown at a depth of two to four times the thickness of the seed. 
Although such rules havs their value, they must give Bieee in timo to the 
mors exact knowledge resulting from rasearch. 

At Savenac Nurssry many of the irregularities in sced germination have 
been traced directly to sand cover of uneven depth. Fail spots under thick 
covering have besn found to be due to starvation. The seeds may germinate 

8nd can live as long as the starchy food supply stored around tho embryo lasts. 
When it is used up the seedling must have green parts in the light above the 
soil, or die of starvation. Thus, sowing must not be too deep. On the other 
hand, », Very shallow covaring is not good because of the danger of frost heav- 
ing the sseds out. 

Unly experiments can deternine Ais bast depth of cover to use. Care- 
ful work has been done on this subject at Savenac and, on the basis of this, 
western white pins seeds are now sown under 5/8 inch of sand and western 
yellow pine under 5/16 inch, hese results may not be the final word in depth 
of cover, but their use has been responsible for great increases in germina- 
tive capacity and have shown the importance of uniform depths of cover. 

These who have in mind the old rules of thumb will be surprised to see 
that we are using a deépar cover for white pine seeds than for the larger 
yollow pine seeds. Time of sowing is the influential factor here, When the 
sowing was dons in the spring, 1/4 inch was a suitable depth for white pine, 
but when fall sowing was decided upon it would not’ do.’ In ordér to guard 
against the increased exposure to frost heaving, 2 cover of 5/8 inch was needed. 
Experiments in fall sowings showed that where 1/4 inch cover was used the ger- 
mination amounted to only one-fifth of that where 5/8 inch cover was used, 
Under 1/4 inch cover a very large quantity of seed was heaved out as against 
none under the 5/8 inch cover. When seed is worth five or six dollars a pound, 
such an occurrence is not a trifling matter. 


= Gun 


ALL SIGNS PAIL - SOMETIMES 
By Frank A. Waugh 


Recent observations in several widely separated sections of the 
National Forasts lead one to believe that a word of caution ought to be 
uttered against indiscriminate signing. Certainly no Supervisor wants his 
Forest to look like a billboarder's paradise. Yet it is true, theoretically 
at least, that any district may have too many signs. 

It ought to be clear that any needless sign should be taken down. 
Indeed, it ought never to be nailed up. Stgns are not s3t in the National 
Forests for ornamental purposes, nor even for advertising. S8very sign is 
more or less of an impertinsnes and detracts somewhat from the wildness, ths 
remoteness and the good forest feeling which we all prize. 

Forest signs are clearly of two classes; first, those which give in- 
formation; second, those of an admonitory charectsr. Signs of the former 
class ars seldom objectionable. Indeed, if they give real information of any 
sort, they are almost certainly desirable, though such information need not 
be repeatsd. Signs telling distances, directions, giving elevations, point- 
ing cut views, naming places, etc., are to be strongly encouraged. Probably 
more signs of this class could be placed to advantage in every forest. 

But there is a limit to admonition, and a point, rather soon reachod, 
beyond which it stales and does more harm than good. There arse some forest 
trails whore the same warning is repeated every mile. But by the time a man 
has ridden 20 miles in a Lizzie and has been 20 times importuned . with the 
inquiry, "Did you Bxtinguish your Cigarette?! he begins to look for something 
to burn. Or after he has baen exhorted 20 times, "Be a Sport - Fut out your 
Camp Fire," he decides that he should worry, seeing some ono else is doing 
the worrying for hin. 

The best test of a sign is, does it carry information, genuine, true and 
useful? If it does not, the presumption is against it. 


ENGLISH ENLISTS IN THo UNITED States 4 aux 


War Department, 
Washington. 


Composition in correspondence and publications.--A review of communica- 
tions and orders issued from various War Department agencies, as well as cor- 
respondence received from the service at large end literature distributed by 
the general and special service schools, shows that a high standard of excel- 
lence in composition is rarely attained. 

Correspondence is as definitely an index to charactor as either verbal 
expression or conduct, and corregt usage requires constant effort in the 
choice of words, the construction of sentences and the arrangement of para- 
graphs. 

Words used to express an idea should be carefully selected and so em- 
ployed as to convey clearly and forcefully the exact meaning intended and no 
other. Sentences should be logically arranged in such sequsnce that the 
developnent of thought may bea easily followed and the salient points readily 
recognized. 

Brevity and concissness, while desirable, should not be sought at the 
expense of a clear, accurate and agreeable style, nor of the personal touch 
so often lacking in correspondence with the public. 

These instructions are intended as a caution to individual officars 
to the end that each may discover his own deficiencies in composition and, 
by taking correctivs measures whera necessary, help to raise the standard of 
the entire Army in this important respect. 


By Order of the Secretary of War; 
JOHN J. PERSHING, 
General of the Armies, 
Chief of Staff. 


-4- 


OBS7AVZR P. 2. MAXWELL GIVES LIFE 10 SCi>NCB 


It is pronsble that evsryone in th2 Service knows by this time of the 
streamflew cxperiment at Wagon Wiech Gap, Co.orado, whiecn has been conducted 
cooperatively ty the Weather Buresu ond the rest Services sinca 1910; knows, 
perhaps, that not a day in these thixtesn years nas pussad without the taking 
of elaborate observetiozs on the weather and the streamflew; that sincs i916 
the Weather Bureau has surnished all of the trained msn for theses observa- 
ticns, the Service participating in ths expsriment only in administrative 
matters. During the early spring months a completes survey is made of each 

the two watershsds, ever. five days, to determine ths amount of snow on 
the ground and its rate of melting. 

7% was in the regular line of duty, while snowshoeing over the water- 
Shed dezuded in 1919, that on March 5, 1923, Observer P, F. Maxwell was caugat 
2 & SneWSiide wiich cust hin his life, and removed from the xarks of scisn- 
“ific workers a faithfvl siudent. Apparently Maxvell's movement across a 
$70.1 easterly slops at the head of the basin had started the snow in motion, 
and heing in the midst of ‘he mcving mass he was utterly holpless, He was 
carried about 1,500 fact to a point where the snow pilcd in the bottom of the 
Stream channel. fortwmiately for his family and coworkers, the body was recov- 
sred witho na aifficuity a fow hours later and has becn properly laid to rest. 
lr. Maswel}. Lad been in the serviée of the Weather Bureau for seven years, 
and had becn 2 highly valued assistant in the work at Wagon Wheel Gap for 18 
monvhs, coming to the station from New Haven. He leaves 2 wife and tvo 
children, wao have returned to relatives at Auburn, Mas, achusetts.--C.G.B. 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


fwo Hundred Firemen of the Montgomery County Association of Volunteer Firemen 
in 42 recent session at Kensington, Me., unenirously pledged their support to 
State Forester Besley in the pravention and suppression of forest fires in 
Southern Montgomery County, and will. hold themselves in readiness to respond 
to any calls that may be made on them to fight forest fires 

Iv is rumored that "Shorty" Kelleter, Mayor of Kensington, was instru- 
mental in bringing this .to pass, 


Ward Sherard has returned froma trip in the field and to the Madison Labor- 
atory. 
Forest _Frotsction Parcant: Tre recent nation-wide observance of Forest Protec- 
tion Week dsveloped no nore nnique form of presentation than the impromptu 
pageant enacted by one of ths Washington graded schools. This pageant was 
written and arranged by the teacher at odd moments, starred and directed by 
ths sighth grade, rehearsed only twice, costumed simply and inexpensively, and 
Staged in the school hallway for lack of an auditorium. The reading of the 
Presi¢ent's proclamation, an original speech on Forest Protection, and two 
recitations - one an origine. poem = worked up the proper degree of enthusiasm. 
Since trses can not walk into place with any degree of tree dignity, the make- 
Shift of closing eyes instead of drawing staga curtains was resorted to for 
Scene shifting with perfect success, A sylvan grove, spread out before th: 
Opening eyes, was soon enlivencd by fluttering butterflios, bright-hued birds, 
énd care-fres children. One of the latter interrupted the peace of the scene 
dy dropping a lighted match to the forest floor. Troublesome flames appeared, 
frightened away the joy-loving creatures, and ran riot for 2 while among the 
helpless trees, until forest rangers came to the rescue and drove out the in- 
truders. The penitent cause of it all wandered again into the forest he had 
So nearly ruined, and, falling asleep, dreamed that 2 wise old owl read to him 
the message written in ersat lettsrs across the outstretched green branches - 
PAU Lech, LE ge. 02 pes 

This pageant is to ba repeated with larger numbers of participants in 2 

park near the school.--D.S.z. 


+ 


: -5- 


FORMS PRC WITS LABOPRATC RY 
No Practica viethod of Softani ng Wood: "How can { soften this wood to meke it 
more workaple ic an irquiry often received. So far as can be learned, there 
is not avail able any roaliy satisfactory means of softening wood without de- 
Stroying its tsxture. Woile wood can be pulped through chanical treatments, 
it is not practical to modify these processes to give milder action. Apparent- 


ly it has become common pras 
Cedar, to immresnats the s 
ecion Of thag asismome! Fj 


Ms 
in the case of whittling j 


h paraffin or some similar material. ‘%e 
asture of a lubricant, and the resultant increase 
rere noticeable. 


s7 

wv 

yaar: especially in the case of California incense 
G vee 


Hays you Worn Out Your Share of Chairs? While studies of diaries of Yorest 
officers show that they have Little time for wearing out chairs, this evidently 
is not true of the rest of the 110,000,000 people in this country who annually 
require over 2,000,000 dozen of new chairs, according to figures in a recent 
pep ea report. 

This report, which is on the chair industry, is the result of 4 study 
that it is peed will later be carrisd on in other industries using small 
Sized lumber. forest Service investigations made show that but 20 per cent of 
the woced in the original forest is represented by seasoned, unplaned lumber, 
the product of the sawmill. In other words, for every 300 boerd feet of lum- 
ber manufactured, 700 faet are lost or wasted in the woods in the form of logs, 
or at ths sawmill in the form of heavy slabs and edgings, long trimmings, and 
low and “off" grades of lumber. 

The extent of this waste in the chair industry alone is very great, as 
there is a further estimated loss of 40 per cent in cutting up the 320,000,000 
board fect that are used in furnishing material for chair parts, of which there 
are twenty-six hundred sizss of smsli dimensions in standard types alone. A 
large part of this loss can be prevented if the chair industry will buy its 
raw material in the form of dimension stock rather than as commercial grades 
of lumber. 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Laramie, Citizens Insist_on Boosting Porest Protection Week: The Forest offi- 
cers of the Medicine Bow Forest arranged for an exhibit of equipment used in 
fire prevention work in one of the local stores, as w3ll as ons of forest 
products. Three additional merchants felt slighted, however, and called the 
office, asking if they, too, could not have materials. The supply of suitable 
material was short, although they were given something. . 

All stores, garases and other business houses were given the red signs 
to which a forest Protection Week legend had been attached. One prominent 

merchant thought he had been overlooked and asked that he be given signs, 

site they were then in his windows, but he had only noticed them in others. 
The merchant who had the exhibit of forest products called up and wanted a 
legend to use showing that his firm vas back of forest..orotection week which 
he desired to use in his advertisement in the two daily pepers. He was given 
this and in addition directed the public's attention to this exhibit. Follow- 
ing this lead, 18 or 20 of the large business houses added legends to their 
Sdvertiscmcnts, indicating that the firm was backing the Forest Protection 
movement. 


Severs Drought Injures Nebraska Jack Pine ne Plantations: The past two years in 
western Nebraska and Kansas have been marked by severe drought. At Halsey, 
there was a deficit in precipitation of about 6 inches during each of the past 
two years, and 1922 was marked by high winds so that the evaporation, as r3- 
corded at Halsey, was greater than the precipitation. This winter was marked 
by 2 lack of snow and high winds, with the result that severe losses are show- 
ing up in some of the older jack pine plantations. This is particularly 
noticezable on southern exposures, where occasionally all trees in patches of 
approximately 100 feet in diameter, or mor2, have died. It is more noticeable 
in the open stands of jack pine than in dense stands, and this is due to the 
fact that jack pine is a shalléw rooted species, lateral roots going out from 
the relatively small taproot in every direction from 6 to 12 inches below the 
Surface. As a result, the vegetation quickly absorbed the small amount of 
precipitation that fell during the year and the jack pine suffered. 


-6§- ia 


fi 
Seen eOSNNNeNNNNNSNNSSeSF 


ated 


This is particularly discouraging in view of the fact that since the 
successful Bruner plantation was established in Holt County, Nebraska, in 
1891 by the Federal Forest Service, this species has been loudly acclaimed by 
the Service and other organizations as one of the most desirable for western 
Nebraska. After 32 years, it is found to be unsuited to the most severe 
droughts which periodically occur in the western plains. Supervisor Higgings 
received 4 request for assistance from one of the owners of the Bruner Ranch, 
stating that severs losses were Ceara ne in this much quoted jack pins plan- 
tation. 

Theres is some encouragement to be found in the fact that western yellow 
pine, the spacies which has been planted most at Halsey, has suffered very 
little from this scvere drought. A picture was taken recently of a yellow pine 
5 feet in height, dug up in 2 road construction job, in the Halsey plantation, 
which had a taproot 3 feet long at the point where it was broken off. Scotch 
and Austrian pine are also able to withstand severe droughts, and one small 
Scotch pine was found which had a taproot 5 feet in length. Scotch pine has 
not been very much in favor at Halsey recently because some of the southern 
Suropean seed was used instead of the better growing and more vigorous northern 
Huropean or Riga variety. Locally collected Scotch pine seed and that known 
to be the genuine tiga variety are now being sowsd in limited quantities. 
Austrian Pine is very slow growing at first and has @ poor survival, except on 
northern exposures, and it is not susceotible to the attack of the pine tip = 
moth which has roterded the growth of other species. 


A Hangers' Training School will be conducted on the Pike Forest with head- 
quarters at Monument Nursery for six weeks, beginning May 1, in charge of Peter 
Keplinger, forest Examiner, of the District office. By this method the new 
men Will have an opportunity to gain some practical experience befors their 
permansnt assignments. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


Use of the Shisld in Publicity: Rangers and other Forest officers say auto 
owners often object to the windshicld stickers because the stickers, except 
for the camp fire warning, are just like the enameled shield markers that 
adorn Govermment-owned or authorized cars. One autoist told 4 District Office 
man last fall that he didn't want that thing on his machine because he would 
feel like he was driving a Goverrment car, and others have said practically 
the sams thing. In D-3 the windshield sticker has been somewhat of a drug on 
the market generally for this very reason. Ranger Chioman of the Crook has 
just asked his Supervisor the question, "Is the windshield sticker 2 good 
thing for advertising fire prevention?" Mr. Chipman also reports that he heard 
last year of a man who secured & “Help Prevent Forest Fires” button and passed 
himself as a ranger among native Mexican people. 


Solks_and Fires; With the approach cf the spring fire season, the perennial 
question of "campers’ fires" will again come up, It has been the general the- 
ory that the more campers, the more fires will occur. This is not always the 
case. The per cent of fires with reference to human use usually increases up 
to a certain point and then very rapidly decreases. Utherwise, there would be 
no forests at all near large centers of population like New York, Philadelphia, 
and parts of New England, or in Duropean countries, where the population is 
extremely dense. ‘Where the use of a forest by recreationists and others in- 
creases boven 5 @ certain point, their care with fire increases, and the same 
attitude of mind concerning fires exists as in towns or city parks. The city 
parks are th2 most used spots to be found anywhere, yet fires are very rare, 
although there is a great deal of trash and combustible material found in them. 
This is beceuse it is everybody's recognized duty to put out such fires. A 
aimilar attitude will in time be created on the portions of National rests 
Where human use is extensive. Public sentiment in such localities will not 
permit a fire to do much damge, but will immediately take steps to pat it out. 
The transition of fire risk from high to low exists somewhere beyond the 
pioneering stags of little use and the point of mch use by lerge numbers. 

This gap can be greatly narrowed by proper ciucation. 


DISTRICT 3 (Coueluded) 


Army Usod Cactus Poles, Too: The first telegraph line connecting Arizona with 
the outside world was the military telegraph from San Diego, California, to 
Tucson by way of Ft. Yuma - 540 miles = and the sum allotted for the work 

was less than $100 per mile. This, even in those days, was very inadequate, 
and in places only seventcen poles per mile were used. The original builders 
vere not stumpsd by the pz coblem, for they made good use of the giant cactus 
and mesquite which grew along the route to hold up the line, thereby establish- 
ing a »orecedent for later Forsst Service lines i were built under similar 
difficulties. 


gather of Lirs. Don P. Johnston Dead: 4 recent issue of the Naval stores Review 
reports #As death of Mr. W. C. Powell, veteran naval stores operator, of the 

South, Mr. Powsll was the father of Mrs. Don P. Johnston, who is known to 

many D-S people. Mr. Johnston was for several years part of the D-3 organiza- 

tion, having been Supervisor on three different Forests, the Gila, the Coronado, 

and the Santa Fa, and Chief of Operation in the District office. 


DISTRIC? 


New Game Policy in Idaho: Governor Moore has announced a new game policy in 
Idaho which will involve the reduction of field forces while at the same time 
there will be a greater expanditure on permanent improvoments. It is expected 
that forty to fifty thousand dollars will be spent on hatcheries and similar 
improvements in the next two years. It is the beliaf of the gama department 
that with the cooperation and active aid of the numerous rod and gun clubs in 
idaho they can get along with fewer wardens without any increase in gama law 
violations. 


4 = INTERMDUNTAIN DISTRICT? 


Timber Sales: Ths Union Pacific system, through their representative, Samuel 
C. Lancaster, Park Enginser, has purchased 190,000 feet of green yellow pine 
sawtimber to ae used in the construction of a hotel at Bysee Canyon, 


Mr. H. M. Stovenson, President of the xeiisestons Tie and Timber Company, 
which now has a sixty million foot sale on the Madison Forest in District 1, 
recently visited this office. He is looking for a location in lodgepole pine 
where he can get out framed mine timbers. It is his intention to put ina 
$15,000 timber framing machine whsrever he can find the best opportunity, As 
Soon as the snow leaves, ne vor go over the Provo River timber to see whether 
it suits his needs. 


DISTRICT =NORTR PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Long-Lived: It is reported sre acorn red cadar ties have been in place on 
the Nelson branch of the Great Northern sailway for 32 years. These ties were 
not treated. 

The average life ofa haved crosstie, Douglas fir or larch, untreated, 
from inquiries made of the Great Northern Railway, is from 7 to 1¢ years. 


Addresses: Supervisor Macduff recently delivered on April 2 what the press 
reported as a very fine address before the Association of Commercial Secre- 
taries at the University of Oregon. W. H. Gibbons of Products also delivered 
a thought-provoking paper at the same meeting. It appears this particular 

. meeting was a forestry one, Mr. Georges Cornwall of tha "Timborman," W. D. B. 
Dodson of the Oregon Chamber of Commerce, and President Campbell of the Uni- 
versity of Oregon, all speaking on phases of forestry and the lumber industry. 


PR by Radio: Supervisor Brown of the Fremont has made arrangements with the 
local broadcasting station to send out any messages that may be desirable, and 
for his own benefit has secured a receiving set which he expedts to take with him 
when traveling in the remote parts of the Forest away from the telephone line, 
with which he will be able to receive messages by special previous appointment 
as to the hour, 


-§~ 


a 


ENT OF AGRI 


Service Bull 


| 
| U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
| (Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. Vii, No. 20. Washington, D. C. May 14, 1923. 


i eS Se EE ee eee 


By Harry Irion, Washington 


Fiftcon of the 146 Forests cut under commercial salss during the 

calsndar yoar 1922 almost one-half billion fect of timbor, or 57.8 per cent 

| of the total commercial cut for all forests. Rather commendable stick work 

| for this sclcct group, the avorege boing almost 5O million feet por Forcst. 
The Lassen, with a cut of 51,782 M foet, leads the fisld by 2 margin of 

almost 3 million fect. 

During the fiscel yoar 1922, (calcondar year figuras not available), 

tho reccipts from timbor sales and settlement on the fifteen leading Forests 

aggrogated slightly over $1,000,000, or 57.1 por cent of all timber receipts. 

In ficlding the good old coin of the realm the Coeur d'Alons, with a total 

| of $154,957, lsads by a neat margin of $56,637. (Would it not bo mors appro- 

priate to call this Forsst the Coeur du Tresor?) The group average is 

$67,922. If tho 146 Forests averaged this amount, the receipts from timber 

would amount to slightly less than $10,000,000 por annum. Speculation of 

that sort is, however, outside of the scopes of this stetoment, which has 

only to do with actual porformanceo. 

Two Forosts, the Shasta and Siskiyou, are among tha fifteon leaders 
in timbcr cut, but they did not gather in quite enough iron mon to make the 
| roccipts group. On the othcr hand, the Medicine Bow and Santiam are among 
the fiftccn leaders in reccipts, but were crowded out of the cut group. 

The cut and rscsipts for cach of the fiftoon Forests in question are 
! as follows; 


Timber cut Receipts 

under comner- frdm timber 

Glial salvs sales and 

calendar settlement 

Voor, Loca. Fiscal year 

eee eee oma ee Meee ES Gee MOMOSb 1922 
5 Lassen rae tS t | Coeur d'Alenc $& 154.957 

: 1 Cocur d'Alcns 48,916 6 Whitman 98,520 

| 6 Whitman 43,820 5. . Lassen 96,415 

| 5 Stanislaus 41,262 1 Kaniksu 92,094 

! ts) Plumas 40,001 5 Stanislaus 90 ,896 

| 5 Shas ta 37,601 5 Plumas 80,115 

| 3 Coconino 35,845 6 Crater 60,710 

6 Olympic 31,146 1 Kootenai 49,306 

| 6 Siskiyou 3U 5407 2 Medicine Bow 45,725 

! 6 Snoqualmie She f Ll 6 Snoqualmis 44 , 580 

| 6 Washington 20,453 6 Santiam 44,572 

j 6 Crater 22,649 6 Olympic 44,316 
iS [Kootenai 22,504 3 Coconino 42,435 
1 Kaniksu 21,567 6 Wallowa 38,857 

Pee wetlonae se teak ob. 6... Washington... tan 84 626 1: 
. Ll ee Total eee ODO ned in etn p TORR, 1 with O18 825% & 


SOMZ BATTING AND FIELDING AVERAGES IN TIMBER SALES (Concluded) 

Ths blue ribbon for the highsst avcrage stumpage price in commsrcial 
sales during ths calendar year 1922 goes to the Alabama Forest, Of the 15 — 
leaders in the above cut and receipts column, only the Kaniksu appears among 
the 10 highest stumpags prics Forssts. 

In salss at cost rates tho Beaverhead, with a cut of 1,718,090 fact, 
lcd all other Forests. The Targhse, however, was a very close second. ‘the 
"Cost sales" cut on the 10 leading Forests aggregated 8,417,009 fset, or 40.4 
per cent of the total cut on all Forests under such sales. 

Figures for the 10 leaders in avorage stumpage prices and cost sales 
@2ro given in the following tabla; 


_ 


-_—s—o rh C''\mY'O'7"“——- 


Commercial Sales - Calendar Year 1922 ; Cost Sales - Calendar Year 1922 


——— = re Se tS OS 


Averages 
price Amount 
PSM POSE per Meh y) Dms Bylo EOVOST. VM ft. 
7 Alabama $9.42 iN eavorhead 1,718 
a Miinnssota 7.38 4 Targhos 1,598 
a Selway 6.48 g Modoc 939 
7 White Mountain 6.08 6 Umatilla 832 
a St. Joe 5,30 6 Fremont 693 
7 Ozark 5.06 i Madison 605 
5 Santa Barbara 4,81 — ae gee FN omer 605 
7 Arkansas 4.70 ra Black Hills 493 
1 Kaniksu 4,59 < Absaroka | 487 
peers Beartop thoi eo wie Ue a oi ee 4245 & Se 
Per eee 74 FOR. F A UE RYE D 1 Rh Ae ete OSes Y 8,417 
The tabls that follows summarizes the timber sale business by Districts; 
Receipts from 
timber sales Average 
and timber Timber cut —- M ft. B.N,. price re- 
settlement _ Calsndar year, 1922 ceived per 
fiscal year Commercial Cost M undor com- 
Dist, 982 Saag) SA ee y er Step aac ae 
1 $36U ,795 122,516 5,066 $3.21 
2 199 ,932 83,628 — 2,633 Boor 
3 127,240 78,636 1,743 eske 
4 85,409 ol 500 5,620 2.04 
5 371,183 214,494 ret wes! 3.09 
6 497,475 272,903 3, 56U Reid 
it 111,69 PS Wy 292 293 3.51 
8 51,698 23,943 1.73 
Total $1,785,413 ~ 656,147 20 ,826 $2.59 


By habeas Stavclae Cochctopa 


Generally speaking, ruts are associated with heavy loads and bad roads. 
Ruts my lead from the ranch house to town or to the Gorner post officc. They 
may scaa from the skidway to the sawmill and from there to ths Qanger Station. 
(ne might be a nice easy trail leading to some grazing division, and, don't form 
Set, closes to some particularly attractive fishing stream. 

‘For a good many years we have been endeavoring to perfect our system of 
trails. A good trail is’a mighty fine thing to follow in going to a fire, (if 
it leads in the right direction), or to slide into when going home after a hard 
day's ride. It is not difficult to keep things in first class condition along 
a good trail, and you know visiting officers enjoy following a2 good trail. 

Do not misunderstand mo. I am for trails all right, and good ones; but 
it has occurred to mc a number of times if ws would get out of these well 
beaten ruts and go up tho othe2r side of the gulch or on the other side of the 
hill, where there are no trails, we might see more and possibly stumble onto 


something we did not khow was thor P3. 


VERBUM SAPLSNTT BUS, 
By "Daytonius," Washington 


Ranger Bill and his myriad fellow proletarians of the Service long ago 
read a jeremiad from the honored #ditor of this periodical anent the dearth 
of contributions therefor. This organ, it seemed, is tabetic from inanition 
and is on the toboggan to cachexia and rigor mortis; pabulum is needed 1n the 
form of quill-gymnastics on the part of the virile ho-men of forest, ficld 
and fen; pretty soon even 2 gland operation might be too Late! "This editorial 
Macedonian cry aroused some painful rcflections. Was this mirror wherein 
(with dus regard to the proprictics and polics regulations) the Brummels and 
Chesterficlds of the Servuce do dress themselves to be removed from the wall 
and placed in storage? Was this mead whereon our silvic chivalry do joust 
and tilt right merrily, to the delectation (or otherwise) of Colonel Bill and 
his regiment, to be placarded with "Closed Against Grazing" pos ters? 

"These eyes,"' too, perused the editorial threnody and (Einstein, oder 
Zweistein, cs macht nichts aus) two lachrymal globules gravitatcd adown our 
auburn chin-whisker, coalesced and became a grease spot on the table in front 
of us, marring the o2ken lustré produced but a few moments befors by the 
skilled massage of a sable brother from Mainten2nce. Our thought reverted to 
some conversations we had had in last year's Bulletin with Brother P. A. 
Thompson, whilom boss of the Orient Ranger District on the Volville, and how 
the tuthloss ruby crayon of yon Editor had, with gelid insousiance, removed 
whole lines of the mss, forever from the ken of High-up, Lown-down, and In-the- 
middls. Sspecially did we bewail the rapture from our mss. of a certain coup- 
let which’ had been the apple of our cye 2nd whose loss had left us bereft and 
comfortless a's Rachel. Vainly, said we, we offer each amplo oblation, odors 
of epistolary Edom, and gcms from the mine of memory; but 'tis tho way of.ail 
editors; they have no hearts; spades (or clubs) arse trumps with editors! With 
naive parental jubilation we have trotted out the offspring of our respective 
Ccphalic ganglia; proudly wo have bedecked them with verbal pink hair ribbons 
and the bright pinafores and roundabouts of diction, wistfully we have led 
these grammatic heirs to the editorial sanctum to be admired, and waited x x 


"411 fell the frost from the clear cold heaven, 
as falls. the plagus on men, 

And tho brightnsss of their smile was gone, from 
upland, glade and glen." 


Alas, our brain-sced has passed through the fire to Moloch. 'Tis a 
crool world, mates! 

But, seriously, and in all fairness, there is another side to this 
picture, isn't thers? This Bulletin should be a veritable clearing=houss of 
idcas for the whole Service, and the Editor has told us that but 10 per cent 
of our personnel contribute to its pages. Since noarly everybody in the Sorv- 
ice is an authority on some subject or othor, were this mute 90% to become 
vocal in the Bullstin, these pages would become ten timss as authoritative, 
as worth-while and readable. The Sditor would havo his job cut out for him 
then; think, for instance, what fun he would have whetting his Doxon's Oriole 
Red No, 811, or his A.P.Cc. BB Blue 71201, and trimming down a screed like this 
to fit the slender limits of his hsbdomadal octavo} 

Ever reflect on the etymology of that interesting word "bulletin?" | 
The beetling-browed pundits that compile our lexicographies tell us that 
"bulletin" is derived from an Italian diminutive of the Latin word bulla, a 
Seal or amulct worn by children of classic days, and which survives in the 
leaden seal which appears on the edicts of the Pope known as "papal bulls." 
This Bulletin, thereforc,’ if it is a bulletin, has authority; it should “bea 
sort of bulla of the Forest Service. What are you doing to give it that 
authority? Do you expect our Yditor to play Boswell to each and every of the 
2UU0-odd Johnsons of the Service and to absorb its knowledge and news by a 
Sort of mental imbibition or csmosis? "Charge, Chester, charge! On, Stanloy, 
On! wer the last words of Marmion." On, then, ye mute inglorious Miltons, 
ye village Hampdens, ye bucolic Uromwells, ye myriad doughty Pythagorases of 
moor and fen and crag and forest: let's have your “ipso dixits'’ in the Bulle- 
tin! Then, and not till then, will these eight mimeographed sheets speak as 
having authority, and not as the scribes, 


Bote js 


RESTRY LEGISLATION IN WYOMING 


“By H. CG, Hilton, Medicine Bow 


ee 


Tho Forest Sorvice was instrumental in the introduction of four bills in 
the present session of the logislature, all of which wore passed by the House, 4 
but only two of which wore passed by the Senats and signed by the Governor. 

The bill relating to punishment for destroying or mutilating road and | 
trail signs srocted by tho State or Federal Governmont bocamc a law, Another 
bill relating to tho cutting of timbor and providing for the disposal of brush | 
on privats and State lands was amcnded to apply only to State lands. This law © 
provides for the disposal of brush undcr the dirsction of th2 Commissioncr of 
Public Lands on Stato lands upon which timber is boing cut. The law also pro- © 
vidos authority for the Stato doing this work if ths timber oporator refuses to - 
do it, with oxponses. to be paid by the oporator. It is also provided that bo- © 
fors cutting on State lands sach oporator shall roport his intcntion to cut 
to the Commissioner of Public Lands. 

The provision relating to privatso lands was opposod by the Wyoming Tim- 
bor Company, opsrating on the Mcdicin2 Bow Forest, which owns extsnsivso hold- 
ings of timborlands. It vas also opposcd by one Stato Sonator who claimed 
that the going upon private lands for tho purpose of disposing of brush con- 
Stitutcd confiscation of privats propsrty. An effort should be mado two ycars 
hence to amend ths law to provide for tho disposal of brush on privato lands. 

A bill providing for a Stato nursory, the disposition of troos to rosi- 
donts of tho Stats, and advico to rasidents of tho Stat2 in reforence to ques- 
tions of silviculturs by ths Commissioncr .of Fublic Lands was killod in the 
Stato Scnats on the grounds that it only providsd a moans to call for an appro- 
priation two ysars honce. An offort is now being made to intcrost ths Uni- 
vorsity of Wyoming at Laramic in ths cstablishment of a nmursory to grow troos 
for campus planting and for the starting of an arborotum. Members of the Stats 
Board aro favorabls, and if a nursery is cstablishcd it is bolioved a law can 
bo later passod to include tho provisions of the propos2d law. 

A bill giving authority to Stato and Federal officers to arrest with- 
out warrant for observed violations of ths fire laws was killcd in th2 Sonata. 
Upposition was made on tho grounds that ths common law giving a citizen powor 
to arrsst for observed violations was sufficient, and, furthor, bcocauss it was 
inadvisable to cxtend farther the authority of State and Foderal officcrs, 

No attempt was mado this ysar to pass:a law prohibiting the driving of 
timber on streams of the Stats, 

Action was initiated at a ratheor iate date and perhaps the success 
would have becn grsatcr had it boon possibls to secure sarlior action. At 
any ratc, it is beclicved that a gr2at deal has beon gained by bringing forostry 
qucstions before the legislaturs. 


D 
f 


q 


= SS 


By B. I. Shannon, D-3 


In a lecture in the District 2 rangor study courso, Suporvisor R. Zz. 
Clark states that success in rangs managoment is attainabl2 by the application 
of thess three basic principlos: 


(1) Know what you want. 
(2) Pix definite rssponsibility for accomplishment. 
(3) Follow through to complete roalization. 


Obviously these ar2 basic principles of succoss in any lin2 of human 
endeavor, be it business organization, road building, stream stocking, or what 
not. J am confident that tho trouble which many of us ar3 oxporiencing with 
“working plans" and "objcctivas"” is that wo have not applisd that first prin- 
Ciple, we hav2 not yet determined, dsfinitoly and thoroughly, just what we 
want. Somes one has aptly obsorved that "knowing just what you want is halfway 
to gctting it." Whether it b2 Supervisor, forsst Examinsr or Rangor, if cach 
will grab his problem by the cars, look it squarsly in ths faco until hs b3- 
comes thoroughly familiar with evory fsaturc, and knows just what it needs, 
in other words, know just what he wants; th2n definitely fix responsibility 
for accomplishment, sec that it is givon a prominent placsg in the working plan 


otis 


! 


’ 


BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SUCCESS (Concluded) 


of the p2rson to whom it is assigned; th2n mak3 amplo provision in his own work~ 
ing plan for follow-up, inspsction, and rominders, rido clos3 herd on tho job, 
koep fray2d 2dgos trimmed, cnergics concontratcd, tho goal always in trout, and 
stick to the main trail, then - Lady Luck will smile on him. 

Everyons who has visited ths Washington office is familiar with the quo- 
tation from Huxley, which appears in large lotters in a fram2 hung in the hall 
of the soventh floor, "Scionc> is nothing but trainod, organizcd common sonso." 
Of coursc, the man vho tacklos his problem with 2 strong back, a will to win, 
and unbounded fnith in himsclf is cortain to g2t somowhors, though as a gonsral 
thing it will not bs just whore he started for. But if ho consciontiously ap- 
plics to his problem the thro fundamental principles reoforred to, he is prac- 
tically certain of success, for the osssnco of these principles is trained, 
organizsd common sonso. 


Colonel Groslcy has l2ft to attond the confercnces of tho Sonats Committse on 
ofor2station which are boing hold in the Lake Statos. from there ho wiil go to 
Districts 5 and 6, 


L. 3. Kncipp has returned to Washington from a two months’ trip to all District 
hsadquartors and parts of ths Angclss, Prescott, Coconino, Santa Fc, Manzano, 
Lincoln, 2nd Florida For3sts. He also attended ths mecting at Duluth called by 

ecreteary Wallace for thc purpose of discussing the proposed road building pro- 
gram on the Superior National Forest, against which much protest has been mads 
by local organizations. 


Error in Rsport of Tims Away from Hoadqvarters: In the Bullotin of April 16, 
tho tims away from hcoadquartcrs for the Logging Enginccr in District 2 was 
given as 83 days undor Column A, and 116 days under Column B. This should havs 
been 128 days under Column A and 148 days under Column B. ‘ho figures erronc- 
ously given wore for tho Chicf of Planting.--2.H. 


Camp Equipment for Boy Scouts: Camp scquipment for Boy Scouts may bo purchased 
from the Surplus Property Division of the War Dopartment at twenty por cent of 
cost. Inqguirics should bo addressed to th2 Quartormastor Gonoral, Aticvution of 
Surplus Property Division, Washington, D. C. 

The abovs information will answer the froquent queries roccived in Wash- 
ington as to whethor camping cquipment is availabls without charg>s for Boy Scout 
organizations.--P.D.K. 


recently was unknown to th: writsr, and is perhaps not vory widcly known in gen- 
eral, was brought to my wttention on arecent trip to tho Monongahcla National 
forcst, West Virginia. In talking with some of tho native people, I learned 
that it is quite common for people in that rogion to stsw up some of the inner 


bark of white ash in ths spring of tho year end kacp the resulting solution on 


hand for use in thc cass of poisonous snak2 bits. I do not know just what the 
resulting components of the liquid ars when white ash bark is boiled. Tho 
native pcopls, howcvor, say that it is very officacious in the case of poisonous 


snake bite. A bite is washed with the liquid and a wot poultice: of the liquid 


is also put on the wound.--C.2.2. 
DISTRICT @ = ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Roads on ths Suporior; Last month, upon the call of th3 Secretary of Agricul- 
tur3, 2 mecting was held in Duluth, Minnesota, at which represontatives of sev- 


| eral outdoor and wild lifs organizations wore pr3scnt to discuss ths proposcd 


road building program on ths Superior National forsst. A grat many protests 
had been filed with the Secrstary against tho construction of ths roads compos- 
ing the Forest Highway Systom, principally on th> essumption that the construc- 
tion of 2utomobile highways in and near th> Superior National Forest would im- 
pair the scsnic qualitics of this laksland arsa, 


a 5 


DISTRICT _2 (Concludsd) 


The interested organizations taks 4 position that water transportation 
should be the only method employed in the Forest, and that the arsa should De 
kspt as typicai lakeland and canos country and maivtaited as nearly in its 
wild2rnsss condition as is possibls. This arsa is regardsod as ths on: last 
Poderal property which is suitabis for ths canosist and the plcasunc ssoksr 
who dzsires to visit an actual wildernsss. 

The mscting was called in the hope that the opposing factions could come 
to some 2grcoment on tho use and dovclopment of the Forest. There were, of 
course, sincore 2dvocates of the road building program, but at tho mecting they 
wore in ths minority. It was impossibl2 to convince those in attendance that 
thers was real nocsssity for roads, or that incrcased firos would not closzly 
follow tho construction of automobil2 roads entirely out of proporsion. with 
the increased facilitics for firs suppression. 

Such local organizations as the Stats Forester, Stats Game and Fish Com- 
missionor, Highway Commissioncr 2nd County Commissioncrs wer roprosonted, but 
did not urgc strongly the construction of roads. The Game 2nd Fish Commissioner, 
on ths contrary, opposcd the rosds becauss, in his opinion, the construction of 
roads, which must result in increessd visitors, would drives the game back into 
intcrior r2gions 2nd pcrhaps ovon into Canada. 

While thoss opposing the roads wer doubtlcss sincers in their ae 
age@inst any road construction which vould admit of the passag> of automobiles 
they wore quitc inconsistent and were poorly informsd. At first, the outdoor 
life organizations wore prepared to oppose the mork2ting of any timbsor in tho 
Forest, but pessod no rssolution upon that subjsct, and lator stated that no ob-— 
jgcction would bo offcred at all to the Forsst Service plan of managomcnt. 

Gne important outcomes of the mseting is the intorsst manifested by other 
than local pzopls in th2 Superior National Forest, ind in the whobs subject of 
forsstry. The meeting passed 2 resolution committing itself to secure legisla-= 
tion authorizing the purchess of 211 ths private lands within the present bound-) 
@rics of ths torcst, the sxtsnsion of the houndsriss, north and south, and the 
acquisition of private lands thers. This will probably at least doubls ths 
acreags ci the Forsst. 

An association was formed, which has for its object ths improvement and 
dsvcolopment of th2 For3st for rzcreation. It expects to incorporat2 and take 
pormancnt interest in ths management of the forest, functioning quite similarly 
to the rscrsation associations formed in Coiorado for th purposo of promoting 
the recrsational uso of the National Forests. 


Demand for Shecp Rangeo Incrzasos: That th: sheep industry is rapidly coming back 
is shown to som2 extent by tho incrsasod applicetions for forost rangs. During 
the past tvo years a good many of our morc romote ranges wont bogging; but if 
present applicants do not fall down at ths last minutc, there will bo a very 
limitcd amount of unuscd shecp range in D-2 this season. 


DISTRICT 3 — SCUTHVES TERN DISTRIC 


Cooperation; Intsr-hclpfulnsss or cooperation betwocn bursaus of the Zcdaral 
Governmsnt has been ths subjoct of conversation among Department of Agriculture 
Pcopl2> on many occasions. liombcrs of ths Secretary's office who have bean in 
the Southwest oxprossed their appreciation of th2 fine spirit that 2xists in 
this part of the country. Soerstary Wallace has aiso7impressad and pleased 
with the condition hc found on his recent southwastern trip. This fellowship 
cxtcnds beyond th: Departmsnts and was splendidly voiced by ths Secretary of 
th: Interior, Dr. Hubert ©. Work, in his address to Departmant of Agriculture 
employecs in Washington this month. dh2 address is reproduced in the Ufficial 
Record for April 18, and is worthy of careful roading. 


Horsst Protcction Wock Big Succ2ss: Assistant Forester Horbart A. Smith, Chief 
of Public Relations in thse Was fone ston Officc, has been in Albuquerque all week. 
During his inspection of ths westera Districts hz has been in the field during 
tho preparation for th: sp2ciel weck. His comment and rsports from other Dis- |} 
tricts indicate that Forsst Prot2ction Wesk has been more widely observed this 
year than hcretofors. More coop2rating 2agsnciss than usual havo thrown in with 
the Sorvic2 in smphasizing th2 nation-wid2 campaign against forest fires. 


BOE . 


ese 


DISTRICT 3 (Soneluded) 


+ United States, where practically every spe- 
d end is readily rocognizcd, says Assistant 
District Forester Kircher in a rocent letter from Rio de Jansiro, it 1s ais 
ficult to conceive of vast forests with many unknown trees. Yet that is what 
ths groat Amazon Vallsy contains. It/is said that thers are over SCO varic~ 
tics of the family "lsguminosaec" alone (trces,shrubs and vines) and no one 
knows how many kinds of tress thor2 2re altogether. Soveral botanists are 
working on idsntification of trocs. It is understood that they are having 

& good deal of difficulty bocause of the similarity of supposcdly different 
species and because of difficulty in finding flowers end fruits of some kinds. 
It is said that some spscics only bloom onc? in 12 yoars or so. It's a bota- 
nist’s paradiss, however, if he can stand the climate and ths pests. 


Unknown Tropical Forests: In th 
Gies of tree has been idvatifis 


Soasonable Nows: Suporvisor Douglas of the Detil has sscured tho publication 
of the entiro text of the Now Moxico State Fire Law passed two yoars ago as a 
nows story in 4 Magdalona paper. This law, as well as ths now Arizona Fire 
Lav, is vory plainly stated and is really news oven without comment. 


DISTRICT 4_- INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


SS i 


new so far as tho mapping was concerned. Inst2ad of meking a dsatailcd con- 
tour map as a bass, a dstailed drainag> mep was prepared. It is belicved 
just as good information for a practical grazing managoment plan was secured 
as undor the contour method. It is admittcd the basc map is not as good, 
but 2 satisfactory grazing plen was the goal. ‘Tho changs was made in an at- 
tempt to reduce the cost of range roconnsissance. The sams kind of triangula- 
tion control was used for sach moathod. Ths field work for mapping and recon— 
maissance cost during 1921 under ths contour method & 049 por acre and during 
1922, under ths drainage method, $.032 var acrs. The latter method cost 65.8 
Per Csnt of ths former. 

Managcment plans have> been formulated on the basis of ths 1922 work 
and their valus end practicability will b>: closely compared by ficld study to 
thosc-mads' as ayrasult of the 1921 work. 


Gams Violation; A scrious game violation has boon reoportsd in the vicinity of 
Boulder, Wyoming. Deputy Supervisor McKce and Ranger Cockins havs succceded 
in rounding up sufficient svidence in ths caso of the killing of soveral head 
of clk in Boulder to convincs ths County Attorney that ample evidence was at 
hand to convict the accused. As result of collection of this evidsnco and de- 
termination of the County Attorney, the tnrec accuscd clk killors worc lodged 
in jail, but, finally having waived prcliminary hearing, 2ach rslcased on 
“500 bonds to appear in court during the month of Juns, In one bunch of some 
17 head of elk it is roported that two are all thet havo survived. 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Distinguished Visitor: Tho office was recantly visited by Tsuyoshi Tamra, 
Doctor of Forestry of Tokio, Japan. ir. Tamura, in addition to being a land- 
Scap2 architsct, is in charge of the Park and Recrsation business of tho 
National Parks and Forests of Japan. 


OQvorhoad_ and Firs Suppression Costs: When Supervisors and mon from their of- 
fice go to a firs, is their knowledge and experienc? worth so much more than 
that of a Fire Guard or Rangsr? The former r2ccive salariss that aro often 
doubi: thoss of the latter, but do they give doubls ths sorvice on the firo? 
When the msn from th: Supervisor's office go to a fire, all of their roguler 
work is stopped. This work is usually important and 2 rzal loss occurs. Of 
course if the fire is too large for the Rangor's organization to handle, it 
Mcans outsid> help; but how about the Class A, B and small ¢ firos? Perhaps 
som2 of thz Supsrvisors do not allow their force to b2 used on the smaller 
fires, but a study of ths firs rcports will show that some do. Why charge a 
day's wagss to a firs where half the sum could havz b3en charged without loss 
of efficisncy? Or would there hav> been less officicncy?--Not a Ranger. 


Pay fo 


DISTRICT 5 (Concluded) 


indian Chicf to Fight for Old Lands: Chief Su-pa-hahn, venerable leader of 
the Karok tribo of the Klamath River country, still has faith in the Great 
White Father at Washington. He will be a plaintiff in a test suit in behalf 
of the California Indians soon to be instituted in the United States District 
Court of the District of Columbia by tho Indian Board of Cooperation, of 
which Fredcrick G. Collett of this city is oxecutive representative. 

The first cass will doal with the Klamath National Forest, now a Fed 
eral reservation of 1,908 Square miles. The Indians, in roturn for giving 
up their vast hunting gxounds, were to have ressrved for them 7,509,000 acres 
of sclectod land, as woll as othor compensation. They claim, however, to 
havo reccivod virtually nothing in return. 

Should the Klamath National Forost tost caso succocd, the Indian board 
plans to bring othsr similar suits. 


Gray Wolf in California: Roports havo come in at more or less frequent intor- 
vals concerning the taking of Gray or Timbor Wolves in California. These re- 
forts havo beon carefully run down by ths Muscum of Vertobrats Zoology of tha 
University of California and have hithorto proved, without oxcsption, to re 
for to tho Mountain Coyoto (Canis lastos). At last, howevor, a rocord has 
Come in which investigation proves to bo of arcal Gray Wolf, taken in the 
Southcastorn part of the State near the Colorado River.-=P.J.F. 


"And ‘Walk with Kings, Nor Lose the Human Touch": Secretary of Agriculture 
Honry C. Wallace, while on his way from Los Angeles to Bakersfield recently, 
Stopped at the Tejon Rangor Station. Ranger Dolapp was absent at the tims, 
but lirs. DoLapp did the honors during tho few minutes the Socrstary spent at 
the Station. Whils a reception committce from Bakersficld was waiting at 
Lebse, some two miles distant, to mest Mr. Wallace, ho took time onough to 
look the station ovor and chat awhilo.--C.B.J. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Stato Grazing Rangos: A recent ranger meoting held at Okanogan was devoted 
to plans of work and preparations for the coming season. This annual got- 
together always rasults in beneficial oxcharge of idcas among all present. 
It followed the annual meating of ths Okanogan County Livestock Association 
and sale of purc-bred stock. At tha association meeting State Representa- 
tive Banker, who is President of the Association, announcod two bitls which 
he was instrumental in having passed at the last session of the lcgislaturs. 
House Bill No. 120 provides for the State to administer grazing upon lands 
now boing rocoivod from the National Forosts threugh tho State Land Exchange. 
House Bill No. 115 fixes tho responsibiiity for livestock shipments on the 
carricr rocciving the shipment, even though it may later bo transferred to 
othor roads.--P.T.H. 


Side-Windor: Ranger Hougland has fixcd up 4 stand for tho K. P. Cecil fire 
finder which will allow a two-way shift. A track was made for tho firo 
findor running north and south, and another track mado running cast and 
west. Tho fire findor is attached by lugs to upper track, which is attached 
to a wooden block. Lowor track is fastened to top of table or stand. Lugs 
on each side of lowor track are attachsd to this wooden block. This will 
enable one to shift the fire findor to miss any obstructions. Thoro is nA 
Play in the fire findor. This finder will be installed on Fir Mountain 
whore a cabin was built last fall by ranger labor.--L.B.P. 


8a 


ull tin 
U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential) 


Prhice & 


ee tis. No. 21 Washington, D. C. _ May 21, 1925, 


SS SSE re 


“By Ward Shepard, Washington 


Tho editorial from tho AMBRICAN LUMBERMAN, quotcd by Mr. Shocmakoer 
of D-1 in the Bulletin of April 30, is a good argumont for education on 
forost fires, but hardly an adequate statement of the problom itsclf. 

Fire protection, though the most nocded step toward roforcestation, 
is not 85 por cont of tha forest problem. As the forthcoming timbcr crop 
report will show, Nation-widc, high-gradg fire protection, supplemented by 
scod trees where necded, would if carricd out for a long period ultimatcly 
produce 4 little more than half the timber we now usc. 

~ But without dwelling on this aspect of tho cditorial, can the respon- 

sibility for forest fires bo so simply and noatly shunted to that vagus 

croaturo, tho "public?" Forest fires arc tho inevitable aftcrmath of destruc-. 
| tive logging, no mattcr who actually scts thom. Destructive logging loaves 
| two sorious monacos: a fire trap of slash and 2 dearth of socd. Fire 
| getting into this slash, whothor by ths fault of th: loggor or of some ono 
elsc, wipes out at one blow or gredually the possibility of forest renewal, 
or under more favorable conditions psrmits only a poor stand, 


Logging Debris Greatest Monacs 


Wo must recognizo the debris of destructivo logging as the greatest 
Single fire menaco; it remains to be scon how successfully w2 can keop fire - 
an omniprosont, necessary adjunct of Civilization =- out of it. It is prob- 
| ablo that in the long run our main offort for successful reforestation will 
consist not of kooping firo out of the trap but of oliminating the trap. 

Although definito figures are lacking, it is safe to conjecture that , 
tho fircs accompanying or following logging operations are in tho broadest 
senso the wost destructive of all fires. They come at the critical time © 
when tho fate of the future forost hangs in th: balanc®. With plonty of d 
fucl to food on and widesproad apathy to give them free play, they generally 
make casy proy of sccd and scedlings. 

In wostcrn Washington, according to Munger, 18 per cent of the firos 
in 1922 wore directly chargoablo to logging operations; but theso fires 
causcd 78 por cont of all the fire damage. Unquestionably many more fires 
' are traccablo primarily to old slashings, ths rank woods and grass on cloar- 
cut arcas, and tho drying of the ground cover after tho removal of every 
trace of tho grecn forost. And on 2n areca denuded not morcly of timber but 
of secd, any fire is cxtromely critical. 


The problem of sducation, thon, is not mersly to prevent fires but to 
prevent theso cnormous hazards. It is safer to drop a match into a cistorn 
than into a powder ksg. And the question is not so much the apportioning of 
blame as honestly socking the underlying causes of the fire problem and rce- 
moving thom by a powcrful cooperative offort. 


THE CRITICAL POINT IN THS BITRE PUBLEM (Concluded) 


Ther? is one other aspect of forsbt fires that ncods more public ompha-— 
Sis. Trying to fix a money valuc on so much mature timbor, so many bladds of 
grass, and so many sscdlings destroyed by fire dozs not giv2 2 correct pictures 
of the broad, ultimat: result. Ws ara rich and are accustomed to digging 
down and paying up our loss2s. 

But repeated fire dozs more than destroy present 2nd potential values; | 
it builds up, by gcometrical progression and on 2 vast seals: & dishoartoning b 
array of physical obstacles and moral discouragsments against ths attcmpt at | 
forcst renewal. It brings the forest as an 2ntity nearer 2nd n2arer to ds- 
struction. itecduce our food supply to th2 famin2 limit and money valuss of 
food ccass to have mach meaning. So gradually fire has passed from ths stag> 
of morcly wiping out valuos hore and there into tho stag: of thrsatoning the 
very survival of our forests. Already onc-fourth of our cut-over land is a 
desort. Who is going to plant it? And who is going to plant ths othor mil- 
lions of acres that are being turnod into dosorts? 


ne a a ee ee ee 


By Will C. Barnes, Washington 


4A rather unique condition aroso 6n th> Black Hills Forost during tho 
past scason because of the presences of pormittecd cattle on cartain arcas whore 
tourists, fishcrmon, 2nd campers found satisfactory places for stopping. It 
was not so much a question of injury to the camping places, apparcatly, as it 
was that thz presonee of these animals causcod somo alarm to the campors. 

The stockmsn protostod that th2 tourists and hikors scarcd their cattlo 
and made them wild, while somes of th2 tourists were squally afraid of tho 
cattlo. Onc permittco in an effort to moct tho situation posted his rango with 
Signs to th: offoct that the range was used by vory wild cattlo and that hikors 
and campers ontoring it did so at their own peril. 

The Supsrvisor found no fault with this mannor of bringing th3 mattor 
to the attcntion of the public; but tho rosults wore exactly the opposito to 


—_ 


what tho snterprising permittcc anticipated. Instcad of being scared away 
from tho rangs, th2 tenderfest took considcrabl2 satisfaction and pleasure in ] 
tramping around ovor the range, gotting a grand thrill out of the fact that ¥ 
they were in dangor of wild cattl2 while hiking in that part of ths forest. 4 
According to ths Supervisor, the signs rathcr than discouraging th: prosonce . 
of the tourists incrcas:d their presence on the ranges. ; 
"My but ain't Nature grand!" i 

4 

PUTTING THe “PREVSNI" IN FIRS PREVENTION p 

By Jno. D. Guthri:, D-6 3 

D-6 recoived in March a supply of 202d and Recreation maps of the é 

State of Washington. The map was so popular that thers was a near-riot on ay 
the part of the public to get copies. About the same time a supply of the i 


new red and black cardboard fire signs was received. Deputy Supervisor Grif- 
fith of the Rainier Forest is helping mightily to put the Prevent in Fire Pre- 
vention. Griffith tclls how he does it (in an informal memo to PR): 


"On the strength of the road map distribution, I havs sccured the post- 
ing of the red and black ‘Prevent Forsst Fires - It Pays' sign conspicuously 
in the following places: U.S. Mershall's office; U. S. District Attornsy's 
office; Internal Revsnus office; Customs office; Geological Survey office; 
Bureau of Chemistry, tea inspection office; In two prominent placss in the 
main lobby of the post office; In the court room of the Tacoma police court; 
and over the automobiles desk at the polices station. 

"Lending the weight of ‘law, orcsr, «nd constituted authority’ to our 
propeganda, and in some cases catching ‘em in a penitent mood and receptive 
to suggestions. In sach case 1 requested that the signs bs kept up all sun- 
mer, - some of them will probably be taken Gowm sooner, however. 

"I should have preferred waiting with this until forest Frotection 
Week, but the psychological moment when favoring them with a2 map was too good 
to: pass up. 

"By the way, the maps are quite the 'topic of the hour' hsre. Zach 
ecipient of 2 map calls personally, promises to reac Tom Tourist and Harry 
Hunter, and ‘tell the other fellow’ to be careful with firs auc observes camp 

Sanitation." 


aon 


es = an = 


GoATS VERSUS SLASH PINE 


By E. W. Hadley, Southern Forest Zxperiment Station 


Out of 960 nursery-grown slash pine seedlings that were transplanted 
to an acre of unfenced cut-over land at McNeill, Mississippi, in February, 
1925, 352 had their terminal buds bitten off and dovoured by goats during a 
period of from ono to two weeks after planting, In many cases the entire 
stem of the seedlings was severed at the ground, leaving a stub less than an 
inch in height. 

The planting sito was fenced immediately on the discovery of the damage 
and one month later an individual cxamination was made of 211 secdlings that 
had contributed in any way to the nourishment of the goats. It was found that 
of the 352 seedlings so damaged 347 had already begun to sprout and in no case 
had the hunger of the goats resulted in the death of a seodling except for the 
5 that had been impatiently pulled clear of the ground. 

This seeming remarkable recuperative power of slash pine seedlings is 
by no moans final evidence that they are permanently goat-proof, for if this 
Plantation had not been fenced the new sprouts would undoubtedly have been 
hipped off again and again as fast as they grew out, and the seedlings would 
have eventually exhausted themselves and died. Observations in this instance 
indicate that young tender buds of slash seedlings are extremely pleasing to 
the goat palate. Although the seedling is capable of growing a second bud it 
is doubtful if this ability would remain after the seedling had been deprived 
of more than ono terminal bud, 

eA es ok oe a AR OK 

Note by Director Forbss: At Raiford, Florida, another remarkable in- 
stance of the power of slash pine to sprout after injury was recently noted, 
About 1921 several square rods of three or four-year-old slash pins seedlings 
were apparently hacked off with an ax at a height of about three feet from 
the ground. A very considerable mamber of these seedlings sprouted near the 
top, and the sprouts are now two years old and extremely healthy. A longleaf 
pine sapling or. two received the same treatment, with the samo result, 


PENNSYLVANIA HAVING ITS SHARZ OF FIRES 


Mere than 1,000 forest fires havo been reported to the Pennsylvania 
Department of Forestry this spring. Up to April 24, 700 fires were reported, 
on April 25, 177, on April 26, 77 and on April 27, 60 were reported. This 
makes 2 total of 1,014 fires. Not all the fires that have occurred in the 
State have yet been reported. It is estimated that there had been at least 
1,200 fires in the State this spring and that they burned over not less than . 
100,000 acres, 

The largest fire reported was in Hunts Run, Cameron County. It reached 
@ size of 6,000 acres and burned mostly on State-owned land. 

Thres persons have died from burns received while fighting forest fires 
in Pennsylvania this spring. This is the largest number of dsaths that have 
occurred in a single fire season since the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry 


“le established. 
PRACTICAL SENTIMENT 


In the parks of Portugal where large trses are found it is common tp 
find this inscription near the trees; 


"Ye who pass by and would raise your hand against me, 
Hearken ere you harm me. 
I am the heat of your hsarth on the cold winter nights, 
The friendly shade screening you from the summer sun, 
And my fruits are refreshing draughts quenching your thirst as 
you: journey on; 
I am the beam that holds your house, the board of your table, 
the bed on which you lis, the timber that builds your boat. 
i am tho handls of your hoe, your door, the wood of your cradle 
and coffin, 
L am the bread of kindness, the flower of beauty. 
Ye who pass by, listen to my prayer; harm me not." 


=e 
-. 


WASTE OF SUGAR CANZ USABLE IN MAKING LUMBER 
(Current Opinion) 


Woodless lumber, in boards twelve feet high and ninc hundred feet long, 
nearly as high as the Ziffel Tower, the world's highest structure, has boon 
produced at a plant recently erected near New Orleans, La. Trees do not produce 
these ee they ars made from the bagasse, the residue of sugar cance 4 

Bagasse, says Sciences Servics, is what is left after the cane has been 4 
squeezed through heavy rollers for the purpose of extracting from it its sugar- 
containing juice. It is this waste material that is being converted into lum 
ber. This bagasse consists of a mass of short pieces of the crushed and broken 
cane and it is filled with fibors of considerable length. It was for a long a 
time wholly wasted, great piles of it being burned to dispose of it. Mark . | 
Twain in his "Life on the Mississippi" says that "bagasse 'fog' was the bane q 
of the river pilot." Wore recently it has been used as fu2l under the boilers 
of the sugar mills. But it contains so mech moisture that its fuel value 1s 
very low, and it is so light and bulky that feeding boilers with it has been 
very wasteful of labor, and it is now being replaced as fuel by oil and natural 
gas, which have bsen found to occur in this vicinity in abundance. 

In converting it into lumber the bagasse is first cooked to destroy ths i 
decay-producing sporss contained in it, then treated with chemicals to make it 4 
waterproof, then pulped in "beating machines" and then formed into a board Y 
which is compressed by passing through rollers into the continuous gigantic t 
sheets which when dried are re ady for use. Because of the long fibers existing . 
in ths bagasse the material is felted into a structure which is filled with air 

eslls., Hence, the luzber is very light,. weighing but throe-fifths of 2 pound 
per square. fo0bs and, because of the air ¢olls contained in it, it is a very 
perfect nonconductor of heat. ae ae 

It is composed of cellulose as is: wood, and. it pacidts exposure to. the. 4 
weather similarly to wood. .Qne ton of bagasse yiclds.3,000 f2ct of lumber | 
and the waste from the cans. fields of Louisiana alone,. it is estimated, will 
yicld over 750,000,000 fect per year. . 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


District Forest Inspector Mitchcoll, during the first weck of May, accompanied 
State Forester Besley of Maryland and a party consisting of members of the 

State Forestry Advisory Board and others on an inspection trip through the 
adastern Shore counties of Maryland. Thc party included Assistant Foresters 

K. 3. Pfeiffer and J. A. Cope, Dr. PF. J. Goodnow, President of John Hopkins 
University, Dr. Edward B. Matthews, State Geologist, Major G. L. Wood of the 

R. EZ. Wood Lumber Company, members of the State Forestry Advisory Board, ex- ; 
Senator William lMcCullsn Brown of Garrett County, a former member of the 

Board, Dr. J. L. Spencer, President of Morgan Collego, and Mr. ¢. HBWaee. Lloyd 

of Baltimore. 


Cobbs Leaves Department; John L. Cobbs, for many years in the Service, recently 
resigned his position as chief of the Department's Division of Publications to 
become ths head of the public rolations work for the Atlantic Coast Line with 


headquarters at ‘Jilmington, North Carolina. 


Signs of Spring Energy! Members of the Forest Service wrotc 19 out of the 45 
articles in current publications by Department workers listed in THE OFFICIAL 
RECORD of May 9. 


D-5 Puts Cut Good Vacation Pamphlets: District 5 has: recently put out some good 
mimeographed pamphlets of from 6-to 10 pages each telling of the vacation possi- 
bilitics offered by the rests in California. The location, topography, and 
climate of the various Forests are described, along with the best rail and auto 
routes leading to them. Headquarters of Forest officers are also listed. 
Hunting, fishing, 2nd camping come in for honorable mention, while hotcl 
accommodations, including garage service for the family Ford, =re also described. 
The pamphlsts close with an outline of the rules and regulations that must be 
obscrved by visitors. They are being given as wide a circulation as possible, 


shu 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


ae ao te 


.. SS SS 


‘physical and mechanical properties and upon the glue and joints. It may also 
be of interest to determine the species of wood.as an indication of the forest 
flora for that period, and the relative durability of the different specias. 


i a a 


by the Club sextette, movies, cards, and unexpected telegrams filled ths evoen- 
ing. One telogram recalled the prowess of the Washington office representa 
tives in ths Intor-District leaguc, another came as a warning from the District 
1 financial backers of Mr. Morrell, and one from Chicago led us to suspect Mr. 
Hill's hitherto spotless reputation. 


How Long Will Paint Last? Data on tho durability of paint on various species 
of wood and different grained surfaces are being collected by District 1 for 
the Laboratory's study on wood finishes. A speéial:quostionnaire sent by this 
District to its field officers includes questions on the’ kind of paint, method 
of application, nature of paint failure, and other information with reference 


to painting practice. A great deal of valuable information should be received 
through this cooperation, 


DISTAICT 2 = ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIsTareT . 


heading in Service Bulletin of April. 16). Ranger Woods won a bet when he °- 
proved that cattle prefer salt to alkali on alkali ranges, It is probable 
that Ranger Woods had a card "in the hole" thet he did not show because he was 
able to win the bet without showing it. He won on a showing that cattle pre- 
fsr salt to alkali. He no doubt would have proven, if necessary, that alkali 
is a poor substitute for salt even if stock would sat the former as readily 
as the latter. The constituent of common salt that bast meets the bodily re- 
quirements is chlorine; alkali contains little or no chlorine (see report of 
experiment by Wis. 2xp. Sta). . es | 
The explanation of livestock secking alkali if common salt is not avail- 
able lies, it is presumed, in the statement that alkali satisfies to soma cx- 
tent at least the appctite for salt. But it is only necessary to cite "hooth," 
my old pipe and the "dopo" that the "hop head"uses to call attcntion to the 
facet that that which satisfies the appetite is not necessarily the thing that 
should bs indulged in.--L.H.D. 


count of Ranger Stock's horse round-up and are wondering if it takes sixty-four 
Tiders to gather 212 head of horses that are mostly G-5 and therefore "adminis- 


tratively" at lcast broke stuff, how many riders should be required to round 
up 2l2 head of wild horses? 


Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. Assistant District Forester Granger and Fiscal 
Agent Buckner had a narrow escape from extinction this spring when they were 
involved in 4 hsad-on collision in the Royal Gorge. Fortunately they received 
nothing worse than @ good shaking up. is 


Plains Regions Suffering from Drought: While the snowfall in the Colorado 
Mountains has been unusually heavy this past winter, the plains regions east 
Of the mountains are suffering severely from lack of moisture. The effects 

of drought ars also showing up in the way of losses in established plantations 
of jack pine. 


5h 


DIS@RICL 2 (Concluded) 


Horse Rovnd-ups_on the Harney: Th 
rousd-ups Similar to the one described cn the" Wihstdoks "in the Bulletin of 
March 5. These reund-uys Gove becn on 2 somerhat istger scale, and little of 
the stock rounded un was being ran under Reg, G-£. In fact, most of the 
horses which were rounded up were about as wild as they make them, as little 
branding had been done for three or four years and horses had not been cor- 
ee or handled during that time. Also, in many cases the bunches which 

ers easiest to get had been rounded up and taken out of the country and the 
ill horses left on the range 

One of the largest of tne sSe round-ups was on ths Pilger Mountain range. 

This came as somswhat of a surprise to most of th2 permittces, but cooporation 
of about a dozen settlers was securcod at different times. In ten days 430 
head of horses were roundscd.up, branded, and delivered to owners. Owners were 
easy to find with the exception of thrcc¢ head of branded herses. With un- 
branded horses there were often tco many owners To Dx»cak the monotony of 
Scttling ownership and chasing wild horses cver _rinrocks » w3 hed two or three 
bronco riding exhibitions and one pugilistic encountcr. Ranger time and ex 
penses were well paid for, as LrcSEae. damages to ty amount of $444.40 were 
oe 


he Harney. Forest ‘hag seyoral times mado horse 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHVESTERN DISTATCT 


This is Worth Study: Note the area burned in this District in connection with 
svaporation at Elephant Butte Dam; 


1917 1918 1919 1920 Tos 1922 
Precipitation Pe 14.8 Une f 14.2 Tac 10 
Evaporation 110 105 Pal 101 103 106 
Fires feu 720 390 420 455 900 
Area 50,000. 35,000 6,690 14,000 18,090 35,000 


Cooperative Publicity: The April issue of the TIIBERMAN gives the National 

Forests of New Mexico a very good write-up. One whele page is devoted to the 
resources on the-Forests taking sach Forest up separately. <A Vory good map 

of the State is shown ‘giving the lecation of each Forest and other data re- 
garding the Stats. The TIMBERMAN has given the Southwest, and especially the | 
National Forests of the Southwest, some exceilent publicity within the past 

year. 


Working Plan Approved: The Yorestsr has approved, subject to later submission, 

of a cutting budget allocating the cut to specific legging units, the manege- 

ment plan report for the Tusas-San Antone Working Circle on the Carson Natvion- 

al Forest prepared by Forest Assistant Fred H. Miller. The gross area of the 
circle is 265,000 acres, of which 51,560 acres is virgin timber. Ths stand 

is estimated at 136,313 M feet. The allowed annual cut is placed at 14,090 M 

feet per decade. Five small: portable sawmills are at present cutting within 

the circls. The product of these mills is uscd locally and the surplus is i 
shipped to the gencral market. No new mills will be allowed to start on the 
circle. 


Erosion Control Cheaper than Wow Roads: The road to the Canyon Lobo Rangor . 
Station on the Manzano has in recent years been crowéed into the hillside by j 
2 gully forming in the canyon bottom. Hanger Laney and Supervisor Kaetchner 
decided it would be cheapér and sasier to stop this gully thar to bui.d a new 
road, and accordingly’ the critical points have been planie2d with willow 
cuttings and then protected by oak trces strung on 2 doubled barbcd wire 
anchored parallel to the bank by means of tress and posts. The oaks hung top 
down, slanting downstream, with the top weighted down oy rocks. One hundred 
fect of such works can be installed by three men in an hour, including willow- 
ing. It is believed that the first high water will clog the brush ond anchor 
it so as to relieve strain on the wire, and within two years the willows will 
bind the whole works so strongly as to check caving 2nd stabilize tne bank at 
the angle of repose. 


-6= 


DISTRICT 3 (Concluded) 


ne ae ae! 


ISTRICT 4 - INPERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Debating in the District Uffice: The girls in the Ogden Office have becn 
branching out from the regular grind and indulging ones a weck in various 
things out of the ordinary. The last of these diversions was a great debate. 
The subject was, “Resolved, that five years’ clerical work in the Forest Sorv- 
ice better fits one for advancement and competition in the business world than 
does five years'clerical work in the commercial world." 

Of course wo 211 2grecd beforehand that the affirmatives did not have @ 
chance. They put up a fine argument, however, and carricd off the honors, 
and, what's mors, they have convinced us that there really was something to 
their side of the question. 


Returns to the Service: Mr. Jack Albano, recently of Red Cliff, Colorado, has 
arrived to takc a position as Ranger on the Wyoming Forest. He will be located 
probably in Star Valley lr. Albano was formerly 2 Ranger in the.Service in 


Idaho and Colorado and is coming back to work aftor a couple of ycars' absence. 


New Ranger Appointed: lir. Guy C. Bacon, who acted as assistant to Ranger Ross 
on the Weiser last summer, has becn appointed Forest Rangor on the Idaho, cf- 
fective May l. 


We eS SS eee 


Decoy Stakss Boon to Surveyors: In a recent survey on the Santa Barbara it was 
necossary to use strategy in preserving corners left in the field to mark tho 
boundaries of Goverment lend. A certain predatory neighbor subject to night 
prowling makss a point of destroying all marks left on the ground by surveyors. 
We therefore drove iron pipss about two inches below the surface and r3aferenced 
them in without leaving any marks, then scot out "decoy" stakes for th: prowler 
to operate on. Thus the P. N. destroys the decoys and is happy, while we still 
have our corners preserved.--W.H. FP. 5 


Signs this month. These signs are about 13 fect in length and are painted 
black on 8-0z, white canvas, with letters 8" in hsight, carrying the F. S. 
Shicld on the left end. They will be placed at the Forest boundary in the 
following locations: Sonora-liono State Highway at Sugar Pine, Carson-Big Tree 
Stats Highway below Calaveras R. S., and Big Oak Flat-Yosemite State Highway 
just west of Big ureek. These signs are large enough to be read by passing 
auto tourists at 2 considcrable distance. Ths cost per sign was $6, including 
Ranger Tyler's time, and with care they should last at least five years. 


1. Slow down. 

2. If the road is narrow, drive to one side at the widest 
available point and stop. 

3, Shut off the engine. 

4. Stay quictly in the machine. 

5. Do not blow the horn. 

6. Do not permit dogs to bark. 

7. Breaking up an orderly procession gains nothing. 


Overtaking Livestock - 1. Slow down. 

2. Do not biow the horn. 

5. Ask the man in charg: to lead the way through. 

4. Drive to one side of the main group as much as possible, 
5. Do not yell. 

6. Do not permit dogs to bark, 

7. Never crowd whzre the chances of passing are negative. 
8. Breaking up 2n orderly procession gains nothing. 


Pay 


ee 


DISTAICT 5 (Concluded) - | 


s The psychology of domestic animals causes them to bunch when fright- 
ened. This bunching ss eae a solid wall of livestock to the motorist. 
Therefore Eh opi te tas hern or allowing dogs to bark only delays passage. j 
Livestock when crowdet cyaavely from the rear will generally continuc in the | 
center of ths road; thersfore work quietly to one sides of them. Crowding 


livestock into a ren is usually costly haste with no gain. In meeting or 
overtaking livestock, avove all else slow down and proceed 2s quictly as pos- 
Sible.—-California Cattiameure Association. 


ISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 5 


Dear Sir: 


On page twenty-four 
Of the peestneety” Six q 
For March . 
You say that you } iF ; 
Wanta know iy ! 
Who put all those eoenaiins things 
in the National Forssts. : 
‘I cannot tell you that; 


But I can tell you 4 
That "PR" is putting . 
The "EVENT" in "PH-EVENT-ion'...4j : 


And telling people about 

The "REST" they can find in a green fo-REST 
And arousing ~ublic IRE against 
The f-IRE-bue who puts 

‘The HLR in the Fik-s. 

PR-VENT fo-REST f-IRE-s. 
liqpayss: | 

‘I thank you.-: se i 
G.E.G. sia ; i 


Talks at Eatonville: Supervisor Allen and Forest. Zxaminer-. Griffin attended the 

monthly lunchson of the Satonvills. Business. Men's Club which was held recently. 

Mr. Allen was the principal svecdksr of the evening, taking as his. topic,. 

"Activitics of the Pe National. Forest. ie Griffin spoke on Reforesta- 

tion and answered a number ‘of ques ticns :on forestry matters. : Eatonville is one 

of the important smeflliet’ ¢ towns: near the Rainier. .Forest, and this meeting was a 
ccidedly “important contact.-—-G@.3.G. en 


Maplo Sugar: The maple sugar industry is not entirely confined ‘to tho East. 
There came around the first of March this year a few days of real old sugar 
weather, freezing nights and warm.days. Rariger Wheeler of the Oregon, locatcd 
at Cascade Locks, made two quarts of pure maple syrup by PARP SL few shade 
trees about the station.--F.W.C. 
"What's In B aameon The Waseaoe officd. has just becn advised that a man named 
Lamb has been elected president of!'a Cattlo association. How comc? 


The Walla Walla District of the-Umatilla: Forty-seven miles as the crow flies 
from the head of Butcher Créek in the south to Deadman’'s Peak at the north end. 
How many miles by trail, ‘you ask? “i’don't know; but if you should go down 
Butcher vureek out past Hellhole and Shimmis-Horn it to Graves Butte, you'd be 
ready for that place without question. -Get. an early start and climb Coyote 
Ridge, have a look at yourself in Looking-Glass Creck, go on to Bone Springs 
for the night, and you'd think you were all bones.. The third day you would 
reach the Milkshakes, about 3 p. m, only to find the milk, shakes, and water 
all missing; but by climbing over the famous Table Rock (well named) you would 
reach Deadman's Peak, via ‘the Hogback route, just .about sundown- You wouldn't 
be interested in’scenery, but it's grand.--C.L-K. 


eit 


U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


o ees = > = : : 1s 
Yol. VII, No. 22, Washington, D. ¢. May 28, 1923, 


RELATION OF IMPROVEMENT CROWS TO COST OF B2LD LINE 
By Fred Morrell, D-1l 


An effort has been made through analysis of data on the oost per chain 
of held fire line to secure reliabls information concerning the relative sffi- 
ciency of organized protection-improvement crews as compared to crews of tem- 
porary fire fighters. While it is impossible at this tims to assembls data 
that offer absolute proof on this point, every compilation of figures that has 
been undertaken indicates a decided advantags in favor of the protection-im- 
provement crews. Ths figures indicates that thsy are able to build and hold line 
for about two-thirds o¢ ths unit cost of line built and held under similar con- 
ditions by temporary fire fighters. The Forests using the protection-improve- 
ment crew plan of organization also show a slightly smaller percentages of Class 
C fires and a substantially lower averags cost per fire thanithse others in their 
respective groups. 

Table A was compiled by solscting fires handled by the two types of 
organization ard comparable in timber type, length of hsld line, season and 
region; and Table B, by selecting forests comparable in those features, Be- 
cause of irregularities and omissions in the data, or unusual tircumstances 
Surrounding the fires, only a few fires out of those reported are available 
for use in Table A, but thoss few are believed to b3 fairly representative of 
conditions. 

These figures bear out the opinion of field men who have given the pro- 
tsction-improvement craw scheme of organization the most thorough trial during 
the past three yoars. The figuras and ths opinions of the majority of field 
msn are strongly supported by inference whsn one considers that there is, on 
ths one hand, a carsful sélection of personnel, organization, preparsdness and 
a real incentive to every man in the crew to get every fire out as quickly and 
easily as possible as against, on ths other hand, hasty selsction of personnel, 
Complete absence of any organization except in overhead and equipment, no pre- 
paredness on the part of the crew, and an incentive to make the job last be- 
Cause it pays slightly better wages than other work. 


fable A 
Based on Fires in Similar Types in 1920 and 1921 
: No. ; : : Per cent ; 3 
mae : Van * cost in- : Cost per ; Gost per 
: O£.s; Chains : Hours : curred : Chain +; Chain 
Held sper chain ; prior to ; No ; with 
ee fires: ding __:No transp.: control : Transp. +: Transp. 
Temp.Labor : 15: 2259 me ama te ee 2 $32.35 8: $17.30 
OLLIE SAMMONS Me OHIO el 0S A RON RODS ENT? RENO. CSP ul Meatere Oe vem 
Impt.Prot. : : “ : : ‘ 
pee sires fo 2 BOA AS i NS ee, 
ee Or ee ee i 
Saving by : : ; Ae ae : 6.50 7,69 
Crew : ; : : 


M 


, 
SSS SS SS Se ee Se eet mee ee See eee hc te eee eee ee 


a a ee eS SSS SS Se 


RELATION OF IMPROVEMENT CREWS TO COST OF H3LD LINE (Cont. } | 
Table B 


a en ee ee eee 


: : Man :;Per cent: Cost : Gost |; 


: - shours ;cost in-; per i ewe 14 : : Number 

:; No. :Chains: per :curred :chain : chain: 4 :Cost: of 

: of +: Held :chain ;prior to: No >: with : CG +:per ;:fires 

;fires: Line ; No a inpsaie abeemeere ae transp: fires; fire; used 
Sea eee As 0 
Tomp.Labor : 86 ;:10765: 17.5 : 67 bias 71 :$15.40 : 13: 324; 723 


BEE 0) f= 1A ees Waeeeeanea erent ey er eg eS 


Impt. Prot. 4 : . 2 : ‘ ‘ 5 ‘ 
Grow Forest: 67 210503: 14,5 : 70: 7,87 310.51 : 11: 20): Sep 
Apparent ; : : Te Weel a ur) ee 
Saving by : : 2 O6Oh e : 3,64 : 4.89; 2 Liss 


Grew. 


Cost of Held Fire Lino by Timber Types 
1920, 1921 and 1922 


ee a EE TA A ES A A 


Sa 


: : : : Per cent 3 
: : : s” Cost in- ~ 5°" Coen 
: Number : Chains : Man » curred : Held 
: of > Held : hours : prior “4 : Line 
bos Type 2 Fires: Lino ; per chain :; contro :per chain 
Grass ; 20 t 2631 : ait : 82 ; $ 0.65 
ee ee ee es ON NS Bee AER PM Re CEE ELT ee nS ge pall age ee ale 
Brush : 14 : 1043 : 9.0 : 78 ; 4,51 
2) Spee 8 th Mee a : JERR A s oid aS RI SNS Si IW Jee . — 
Yellow pine : 46 ‘ 3680 : 8.8 : 60 : 4.76 
ia De BRAN Ts kyo) PR) RTD cae doen OO, eee vere : — 
White pine 29 ‘ 6553 : 16.6 : 72 $ 9.45 
HEEGEApOLon,, .. ud weiSSi~ Wards  OSTeGhann- onl Souluee a. OmeNCE : 5.26 a 
MeeepINoewas icine ts hoi Gnas HOL2CRINCRIO Td SOR WEN TA 
Douglas fir : 28 ‘ Z5lObAS s i ae 84 : 6.69 
Gedar'Wowat™ ¢..-%1. rn 2 eeweS045 .9:400MeiS) Jus 900 76. inne 
NRE. os fope ylie  a oo Oley DN ae Btn ARES Wes ee — 
Codakan : : ‘ é - 
We Fp sccm isipive (Parodi MGs nantes enone man Do lane eee 
Larch D. Vir : 48 : 8843 : 14.8 : 62 t 5.82 
Engl, * ; 5 : Aisa. May ea ait 66 ; 14,40 
oc) a) {ee Seen ee ene Ct.) ee 
Suhalpine : P49) : 2286 ‘ 9.7 : 76 : 5.52 
Se co I es Be 
elashingst 200). swo RO 1 elit OSB. 1D ee ee ee 
Old bumnsie  ~g LOe) | + lB Se hi SOURS: Aes Wt 65: + 1).153 
Y. pine 
Di gO a si a RS 
Totals : 350 : 49510 : 
SS a a 
eS 1: 1 i ee TO UNE OETA 
Impt. 


*Tipares not considered good averages becseuse of small number of fires 
end small amoont of line involved. 
aim 


RELATION OF IMPROVEMENT Giallo tO 20st OF bab ae es ae eee NY 


Maile CG is belisved to be indicative of the reasons why held fire line 
costs so mich more in some localities than in others. The following conclu- 
sions seem to be warranted by a study of ths factors entering into Table C: 


1. In gener2l, in this region on areas not previously burned, the unit 
cost of fire lines is proportional to the density and volume of the timber stand. 


2. Old burns give the highest cost per unit of held lins of any type 
vor which a good record is available. 


5, The cost of hold Line in D-1 is, and will continue to be, relatively 
high because a large percentags of its fires occur in old burns and in the 
white pine type, 


4. For all types an average of 67 per cent of tha cost of held line is 
incurred prior to control of the fira. 


5. Gosts expressed in dollars are of little value for comparative pur- 
poses because of the fluctuation of the purchasing power of the dollar. Costs 
expressed in man hours are much better. 


6. Considering the amount of labor involved in the construction of a 
chain of fire line, it appears that the indicatsd costs ara excessive and that 
it should bs possible to reduce thom by good administration. | 


“SPEEDING UP CLAINS FOR DAMAGES 
By Paul D. Kelleter, Washington 


Reimbursement to’ owners for damage to or loss of privats property through 
negligence of officers or omploysses of the Federal Government will be speedad 
up under the provisions of the Act of December 28, 1922, 

| Up to ths enactment of this law no special provision Sulaeay for the 
preparation and consideration of claims prior to submittal to Congress. As 

_ things stand now, authority is given the departments to consider, ascsertain, 

_ adjust, and determin; any claim on account of damages to or loss of privatsly 
owned property whare the amount of the claim does not excaed #1,000 caused by 
the negligence of any officer or employee acting within the scope of his employ- 
ment. Such claims ars then certified to the Congress for final action. All 


eae must be presented within one year from the date of the accrual of Said 
claim, 


| BES We ga that the claimant does not have to work through his Congress- 
_ man for action and that the department responsible for the damage may aaa eee 
action looking to the reimbursement of the injured party. 


_ QLD MAN HABIT : 
By 3. H. MacDaniels, Siskiyou 


Did you ever happen to think how much trouble and time habit saves? for 
example, a man gets out of bod in the morning, and his hands start right in 
putting on ‘his clothes for him, while he puts in his time thinking that it looks 
like a‘ fair day and that he'll just saddle up and look over the work of that 
trail crew down ths river, and that Baldy needs shoeing so ne'll ride Bob, and 
that this will ba a good Chance to drop in on Si Jones and settle. that telephone 
_ business. 

Supposing that he had to painstakingly remember every time that his flan- 
nel shirt goes outside the other one, and that it makes a difference which foot: 
| he puts his shoes: on, Supposing that his memory slipped sometimes, and he had 

to determins by a course of reasoning which side do his pants balone. It is 
easy to see that in such a case his logic would sometimes miss fire ae he'd 
“Make a mistake that would cause comment or even criticism. 
But old man Habit dogsn't make mistakes of that sort - he has attended to 
that job in just that way many thousand times. He has found the quick, easy, 


oe route to ths object he is after and follows it without experiments or 
‘failure. : 


tie 


QU (0 


Now, when an organization such as ours has worked for many years, it 
gets into the same sort of habits. The great mass or the work has been gone 
over many times by many mon, the short cuts found and used, the experiments 
tried, the failures made, and the right way to do it pretty well mapped out. 
This experience has been brought together in the various manuals and discussed 
and worked over and amended, and finally the best way of doing things pretty 
well decided upon. There are hundreds of ways to build a trail, end thousands 
of reasons for building thsm those different ways; but after spending several 
million dollars on trails ths Service has pretty well settled on two or three 
types that arse described at length in the manual. 

Tho tread can be of any width, but no reputable mountain horse will uss 
more than sixteen inches of it. Anybody can invent a culvert - pretty nearly 
everybody has - but two or three kinds will answer every purpose, are durable 
and inexpensive - why sxperiment further? Thers ars dozens of ways to splice 
a telephone lina, but what's the matter with the Forest Service splice? . The 
way to handle businsss and get it out of the way is to get it into an sasy, 
smooth running system that dogsn’t call for a new invention every few minutes. 

The trail, road, telephons, and fire fighting manuals supply this sys- 
tem ready made. No one can save himself grief any easier than by getting out- 
Side those manuals and following them out in detail. He will find that his 
trails stay put and his telephone lines keep on talking and his maintenance 
charges ara low, when others, who knew more than the old-timers who wrots the 
manuals, are breaking their backs repairing washouts and propping up corner 
poles. I surely recommend thorough acquaintence with those little books as a 
cure for a great number of the ills that beset the Service. 


RUCZIETS AHEAD 07 LAST YEAR 


Recsipts from National Forests for the nine months begimning July l, 
1922, and sading March 31, 1923, totaled 43,386,620.60, an increase of 
#10, 304. 66 over the same period a year earlier, according to the corrected 
Statement compiled on April 28 by Finance and Accounts. 

Timber sale receipts formed the largest single item with. .a total for 
the nine months of $1,833, 559, an increase over the ¢ orresponding period a yea 
garlisr of $675,454, Receipts from grazing operations totaled $1,265,435, aa 

recoipts from special uses totaled $167,813. 

District 5 led all other districts in the total amount of receipts with 
$778,413. District 6 came next with $647,174, and Districts.3, 2,:and 4 were 
bunched with receipts of $495,874, $474,094, and $436,574, respectively. Dis- 
trict 1 reported receipts of $389,367, District 7-reported $123,553, and Dis- 
trict 8 reported $41,568. 


FAIL [0 DHE VETERANS: 

District 3 sure started something when, in the April 15 issue of the 
Service Bulletin, it asked whether Ranger H. L. Taylor's record of 15 years’ 
continuous service on the same Forest under the same Supervisor could be beaten, 
Harken unto these replies: 


De, Minnesota - Ranger George Marley entered the Service on June 3, 1902, 
and was transferred to the Minnesota forest on July 1, 1903, where he has "worked 
continuously since November 1, 1903, under Supervisor. G. &. Marshall. Thus 
Ranger Farley is rounding out 20 years continuous service on the same Forest un- 
der the same Supervisor. 

By the way, Supervisor Marshall states that the Minnesota has boen under 


the jurisdiction of the Forest Service since 1902 and was never undsr the Gen- 
eral Land Office. 


be, White River - Ranger Elmer E. Stephenson entered the Service on 
June 1, 1907, and was stationed on the White River forest, whers he has worked 
continuously since that date under Supervisor James A. Blair. Thus Ranger 
Stephenson is rounding out 16 years of contimuous service on the same Forest 
under the same Supervisor. 


aA 


HAL Po THE Jai 74S! (Concluded) 

According to the records of Hangers Taylor, Parley, and Stephenson, the 
first hundred years scem to be ths hardest. It likewise ssems to De a great 
lire ir you don't weuken. Who elsc knows some interesting records concerning 
the personnel of the Service? Next! 


mm ns i a a wa ee ee ee | 


Et is evident that the qu3stion of dclinguency in the payment orf grazing 
fees is a minor matter whsn one studiss the dclincuencies in State and county 
taxes in sow2 of our western range States, The report of an association or tax- 
payers in New Mexico shows taxable valuations in that State have fallen from 
$406 ,000,CU0 in 1920 to £30G,000,C00 in 1923, Ths tcotal dslinquont taxes havs 
now reachsd the enormous sum of }5,0UU,uU0, mainly due from taxpayers who are 
unable to mset their obligations. 

On the besis of the amonnt of taxes due, this $5,v000,000 represents a 
delinquency of ai.cut 37 per cent of the total. This certainly excesds the de- 
dinguency *° our permistees by a very large margin, the largest item we have 
in that respect 5m any single forest boing a little over 12 per cent of tha total 

30S 


ef 


amount due rrom grazing fee 


ee a pa an a 


Varyland Forastry Board gzntertains Washington Foresters; On May 19 about 25 men 
or the Washington Section of the Society of American Forasters ware guests of 
the Marylana State Board of forsstry on a day's automobile trip throvsh several 
Marylanc counties, ending at the Patapsco State Forest aud Park near Paltimore, 
The party was led by State Porester Besloy assistcd by Rresters Pfoiffer, 
Corbin, and Cops. Major Wood, a msmber or the Maryland board of Forestry, also 
assisted in entertaining the Washington crowd. 

The first stop was made on the farm of V7. Beale Bowis, a citizen of Vary- 
land, who has placed his extensive woodlot under the managuzent of the Maryland 
forestry Board. Active logging operations were b3ing carried on at this vlace, 
thus affording opportunity to get acquaintsd at first nand with the so-called 
"Maryland Plan" for the management of farm woodlots. 

The last stop was on the Patapsco State Forest, where many interesting 
forestry experiments are being conducted. State forester Besley and his assist- 
ants then servsd a red-hot, bang-up supper to the crowd as a good climax to a 
very onjoyable and profitable day. 


a ee en oe Se a eps 


maintain on ths Department grounds facing Fourteenth streets, and which will be 

manned or womanned by volunteers from the ranks of the association. Light re- 

freshnents will be served from nine of morn to the same hour of the night every 
day from May 28 to June 9, inclusive. Iucidentaily, it is expected to turn an 

honest penny or tyo of the nesded funds for weifars work, for which a drive is 

in progress, The entire proceeds will bs devoted to ths continuance and hopoed- 
for extension of Department of Agriculture welfare work. 


SUREST_FRUDUGTS LABCRATORY 


genats forestry Comittee Visits Laboratory: The special Senate Forestry Committee 
recently visited ths Laboratory. Col. Greeley was also a mamber of the party. 

The committse watched the bie testing machines break a Douglas fir col- 
van, Saw the paper machines at work, and noted the operations of the tumbling drum 
at the box lab, besides Seeing all the other regular processes of ths Laboratory 
end ooking over the special exhibits. Appareatly the committee was duly im- 
Pressed with the extent to which the institution hsre is doing its share in mak- 
| ing the most efficient use of wood. ‘The visit here served as an excellent prac- 
| tical demonstration to Supplement the evidence concerning the Laboratory given 


by Sscretary ‘allace when he appeared befors tha committee last winter. 


aia 


a a a -———— 


Hardwood Manufactursrs' Institute Mien Also Visit Laboratory: Hrom 35 to 40 mem 
bers of the Hardwood Mamvacturers' Institute came from their convention in 
Chicago to look over the Laboratory. This association, although organized less 
than 4 year ago, includes 300 of the leading manufacturers of hardwood and cy- 
press lumber and venser opsrating in 18 States. 


SS 


othsrs in timber salz receipts, promises to maintain this lead with a good mar- 
gin. The latest sale is the Burnt Cabin chance, estimated to cut 70,000 M feet, 
73 per cent white pine. It has been offered as a five-year contract, cutting 
15,000 M feet per year, the limitation under the management plan. 


——— = = SS ee SS eee 


The distinctive feature of the sale was the requirement that 10 milss of 
railroad, estimated to cost in the neighborhood of $200,000, be built by ths 
purchaser which, with the exception of stzel and rolling stock, is to bs turned 
over to the United States at the ond of the five-year contract, lock, stock and 
barrel. All of the timber in tha head of the Little North Fork and some addi- 
tional timber in another drainage will come out over this railroad, which will 
take at 15,000 M feet per year about fifty years' tims. 

Naturally, the Forsst Sorvice couldn't expect to get a very high price 
for the stumpage and got a railroad at ths same tims. Howsver, look at the re- 
Sults: Green white pins was advartised at $4.50 per M feet and the successful 
bidder offers $11.40, Dead white. pine, of which there is about 500,000 fect, 
was advertised at $2.00 and the bid was $2.25. Othar species were advertised 
and bid in at ths following rates: Spruce, 1,00 per M; white fir, larch, Doug~ 
las fir and hemlock, 50 cents per Mi, The total value as advertised was $254,000. 
The value as bid is $630,175. The difference is $376,175. The avsrage adver- 
tised prica, 211 species, was $3,63- the average price bid was $9.00 par M. In 
addition to this, the purchaser will be required to spend about $1.15 per M for 
brush disposal and the cutting of diseased trees, mostly hemlock. 

The Coeur d'Alone should receive in ths next five years from this ons 
Sale an average of over $125,000 in receipts. Since the allowed cut for the 
whole Forest is 50,000 M fect, it will obviously, at these prices, make any 
other Forest hump to overtake the Cocur d'Alene's lead. The successful bidder 
was the Ohio Match Company. 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Se a eS eS 


Boys and Girls’ Forestry Clubs; The establishment of the first Forestry Club in 
the Unitsd States was accomplished in May, 1922, at Crestone, Solorado, under 
the direction of ” ©. Sauder, County Agricultural Agent, formerly an employee 
in the Forest Servico. — 

This was a result of conference with Stats Poraster W. J. Morrill and 
W. H. freeman, Assistant State Club Lsader and the District Office. The ten 
members of this club entcored into the work enthusiastically and two, as 2 ree 
sult of local competition, were selectsd to rsprsasent the club at the Stat> mir 
and put on a demonstration. This ysar this club is again active and fivs or six 
more are being established in other counties of the State. Ths opportunity for 
Spreading forestry sducation through this means is unlimited. 


Timber Sale on Arapaho: A resale of approximately 19,000,000 feet of timber on 
the St. Louis Creek watershed on the Arapaho Forest has recently bsen made to 
ths Interstate Lumber Company, successors to the Stevens-Barr Lumber & Tinber 
Company, who have been opsrating in the region for a number of years, at stump- 
age rates of $3 per thousand feet for green lodgepole pine and Zngelmann spruce . 
Sawtimber, and $1 per thousand board feet for alpine fir and marchantable dead 
timber, provision being made for the optional removal of mine prop material. 


(3 


Re a ee 


Forestry Lectures for the School of Mines: Members of the District Office have 
been cooperating with the Colorado School of Mines in a course of lectures on 
Forestry given before a class in civil engineering. During the oarly part of 
the term the class studied wood technology, the course being confined to those 
Species which are of use in construction in and around mines. During the sec- 


ond part of the term five lectures were given which dealt with the forest con- 


‘ditions of the species concerned, Forest Service methods of lumbsring, plant- 


ing,and fire prevention. 


Don’t Beli3sve All You Hear; Recent compilation of grazing reconnaissance data 
for 1,00C,C00 acres of National Forest range has revealed some startling facts. 
On the basis of total acres coverse the carrying capacity is 85 A. per cow 
yearlong. vJloser scrutiny, however, shows that that cow does not have to lope 
to graze. forty per Cent of the total area is unavailable for forage due to 
jack of water, waste areas, etc., and brings the carrying capacity up to the 


reasonabl: figure or 5u A. ver cow yearlong. 


ee ne a ee a ee A a A Re | 


to thank the Land Office at Santa & for cooperation and to compliment the 
officers on their businesslike administration. The following is the reply: 

"IJ may also say that this office appreciates very greatly the spirit of halpful 
cooperation that has at all times been manifested by your office, and it shall 
be our aim at all times to cooperate with you to the fullest extent possible in 


_the disposal of cases over which the Forest Sarvice hes jurisdiction." 


Tonto Still Has Hopes: Ths Southern Pacific Company has completed a film of tho 
Apache Trail from Phoenix to Globe, and arrangements are being made to show the 
wonders of this highway of romance to all the nation. A bsantiful and commodi- 


ous chalet on Roosevelt Lake is soon to be erected for the accoumodation of the 


tourists. 


a a Te ee re ee ee a ee a ee A a 


a nn 


three Fire Investigation Boards, ons for the west Idaho Forests, one for sast 
idaho forests, and one for Utah. Zach board will be composed of threc members, 
the Chief of Uperation or other Assistant District Jorester, a Supervisor aad 

a Ranger. Alternates for tie last two will also be named so that it will ba un- 
necessary for any Supervisor or Ranger to act on fires which occur on their own 
forests. This board will consider chiefly Class ° fires, looking into their 
cause and the reason for their assuming such a size, in order to find out where 
our fire-fighting system breaks down, so that improvement may be made in future 
Cases. They will get out on the area if possible and endeavor to definitely 
fix the responsibility for the failure to put out the fire while it was small. 
They will really be called upon to work to all appearances for there is, at the 
present time, one fire case of last. year which is slated for investigation as 
soon as possible. 


some sorest! It my be noteworthy for a Forest to claim the biggest receipts, 

tne most timber, the biggest acreage, or the largest number of special use per- 
mits, or any of the other things for which forests are famous. The Ashley knows 
it has reached the hall of fame because people are naming their children for it. 
In Greendale, Utah, which is a settlement within the Forest, there lives Ashley 
forest Swett, who is now nine years old. He was born on the forest in licKee Dray 


- while his parents were en routs from Greendals to Vernal, soon after they first 


settled at the former place. -- - 


ey 


ay 


props has been received from ths Utah Mel Company. The timber they desire 
is located on the Manti Forest. It will be advertised just as soon as the 
necessary cstimats and forest description can be prepared. 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Governnont Heads in San francisco Organize: For the first time in the history 
of San Trancisco, representatives of nearly every executive department of the 
Federal Goverment got together recently in the interest of Govsrmmental er- 
ricisncy, sconomy, and cooperation. Thirty-three heads of various Govern- 
mental branches, with officos in San Francisco, assembled at the Commercial . 
Club and organized the Federal Business Association. Uniform standards of : 
materials for all departments, cooperative buying, coordination between 
bursaus and businesslike administration are some of the features which will be 
taken up by the organization. 

Forecaster 3. A. Beals of the Weather Bureau, Dean of the Federal Serv- 
ice in San francisco, acted as chairman, and Commander Uv. @. Russell, arsa 
coordinator, explained the organization of Federal business associations in 
sixty cities, which cooperate with the bureaus of the budget. Postmaster Jamss 
Power was chosen president of the organization, and C. L. Snyder of the Civil 


Service Commission, secratary. 


Dr. Jordan Adds His Voice; "I regard ths preservation and care of our forests 
as one of the most vital interests of the United States. To California, in 
which State. the grandest forests lis, the matter is of supreme importance, and 
I should desply regrst to see the Porest Service in any way crippled or mado 
less effective. I trust that the observance of Forest Protection Week may help 


educate the public toward useful ends."'--David Starr Jordan. 


SE 


Now Cometh Spring to Nompre Kayonno, who twangeth several twangs on his harp 
and singsth; 


"] sge the tourists' sign whers'er I g0, 
The paper plates and tin cans that they sow; 
Why can't they keep their dirty junk picked up, 
And give the nite green grass a chance to grow? 


"Would that some winged Angel ‘ere too lato 
Would with a brick caress his addled pata 
Who fails to break his burned match in two, 
Also his camp fire quite obliterate." 
: ~-F.V.4. 


pany which cuts National forest stumpage, the members of which live on Nation- 
al Forest land, cultivate National Forest land, and have their sawmill located 
on National Forest land. H. H. Cook Company consists of Mr. Cook, his five . 
sons (all reared on National Forest land) and his son-in-law. They have a sp2- 
¢ial use for two acres of land on which their sawmill is located, one-half acre 
for residence and % acres for cultivation on the Forest in Lincoln County, near 
Ona, Oregon.--R.5.5. 


DISTRICT 7 - FASTEZRN DISTRICT 


—— —— 


Pisgah furnishing Water for Town; The Secretary recently approved an agreement 
which gives the town of Marion, North Carolina, the right to use the waters of 
Macey Greek in McDowell County, North Carolina, for a minicipal water supply. 
This is the third agreement of this character that has been mwade for water sup- 
ply from Pisgah Forest during the past 18 months. Tha total annual rental for 
the three amounts to $1,500, or the equivalent of 3 per cent on the purchase 
price of the National Forgst lands involved. Tho Forest Service reserves the 
right to cut timber from the watorsheds. If this does not prove feasible the 
provision is also made for incrsaasing the annusl rental by a yearly sum equal to 
3 per cent or 5 per cent of the capital tied up in stumpage.--dJ.2.S. 

etc 


Serbice Bulletin 


Vor> Vit, No. 23; Washington, D. C. June 4, 1923, 


By T. W. Norcross, Washington 


At the invitation of Governor Pinchot, a number of Statss sent repre- 
sentatives to Harrisburg during the latter part of March for discussion of 
various highway matters. At the end of the meeting the’ Committee on Conclu- 
Sions, consisting of Mr. MacDonald, Chief, Bureau of Public Roads, and eight 
members of State Highway Commissions or Highway Departments, presented a re- 
port. The following excerpts from this report are of considerable interest; 


Administration 


“We ----- urge the State authorities, both executive and legislative, 
to provide at all times strong engineering control in the administrative 
and executive work of their State highway. departments and engineering super- 
vision of the construction, maintenance and operation of the highway systeus. 
To this end we urge that these departments be removed from political infiu- 
ences, and that continuity of service be preserved for a sufficient psriod 
to insure stabilized policies, In no other way is it possiblsa to safeguerd 
and protect the interests of the citizen who is paying for the roads. 

"State Highway Departments, with their knowledge of the geography anda 
topography of the States, should determine without legislative or other 
interference what roads or systems of roads should be constructed and main- 
tained with State funds and should not be governed by legislation as to types 
and cost of EEE Sey 


Finance 

"The cost of building and maintaining an adequate system of highways 
Should be distributed equitably among the sources of highway revenue in pro- 
portion to the benefits: derived from the improvement, ---- 

"The policy of requiring the user of the roads to pay for the service 
recsived through a license and gasoline tax is a sound one, and all revenues 
from such sources Should be applicd primarily to the maintenance and recon- 
Struction of highways. 


Construction 
"The progressive method of construction, whereby the grading, struc- 
tures and drainage are first completed and the hard surface pavement laid 
later, is both a practical and at times the most advantageous method of 
highway construction, 


Maintenance 


"Unless adequate maintenance is provided for, initial construction 
of highways should not be undertaken at all. 


— 


RESULTS OF THE HARRISBURG ROAD CONFERENCE (Concluded) 
Traffic 


"Hach State highway department should establish a traffic bureau to make © 
a highway transport survey in all its phases to determine present, and forecast 
future, traffic conditions to assist in the selection of the economic road con- 
struction. 

"Efforts should be made, in- cooperation with motor vehicle officials, to 
establish as soon as possible uniform motor vehicle laws and regulations, so 
that the user of the road my travel under uniform laws wherever ne goes. 

"It is highly desirable that a uniform law be enacted by the States of thu 
Union regulating the dimensions of motor driven vehiclss and the wheel load of 
such vehicles, ''---- 


TIMBER RESOURCES Ii GREsT WEST 

“Standing Timber Resources of the Great West" is the general heading give 
to areprint from the May issue of the WEST COAST LUMBZRMAN, which contains 
nearly 26 pages of reading matter devoted to the activities of the Forest Serv- 
ice in Alaska and ths Western States, principally in Washington and Oregon. 

Articles on the timber resources of the National Forests in District 6 were 
written by District forester Cecil and members of his staff. The timber re- 
. Sources in District 2 were outlined in an articls by Assistant District Forester 
Thompson, 2nd an article on District 4 was contributed by Assistant District 
Forester Morse. Assistant District forester Deering of District 5 contributed 
an article on California's timber, and Assistant District Poraster Hointzloman 
wrote on Alaska's resources, Notes on the timber resources of Montana and Idaho 
were contributed by thse Office of Silviculture at Missoula. 

In addition to the many articles, several comprehensive tabulations of tin- 
ber resources also appeared. One of these tabulations follows: 


—= ee Se ee SS ee SS ee ee 


(Figures in M bd. ft., i. 6., 000, omitted) 


: Privately : Forest 4 4 
:_ owned: Indians : Service :State,etc.; ~~ Total 
‘MW bd, ft. os "MW Gas ft.* ib bd tte es M ba. tt. s* M Ods Foe 
Washington :149,80.3,895:10,900,000: 77,927,000: 30,000,000; 268,630,895 
Oregon ; 248,916,726; 11,863,850: 138,547 ,968:42,000,000: 441,328,544 
California :174,000,000; 2,524,000; 122,930,552: ...cesesees 299,454,552 
Montana : 17,501,000: 2,510,800: 35,818,009; 2,307,000: 58,136,800 
Idaho : 30,175,000: 437,887; 57,003,000:10,509,000; 98,115,887 
Alaska s FO,000,000: ds ewielwee (BD IAB DOr es -unniee she, See 
British : : 5 : : 
Columbia $ peccersce sd wee cecads seccevcceesiascseseccses 000,000,000 
Mise. Pub., : : : H : 
Ariz.,Utah, : - : : 
Colo., etc. e028 WENO & meek a bE Gi es URN om SR et oe wt ote 69,114,130 


a2 oe ee 
. 


—_—— Se ——— 


Grand total ;690,396,621; 28, 236, 557: 512, 354, 520: 64, 807,090: 1, 750,908, 606 
. 7 - . 


a lenin ees en nee! anne ep eee een ee SS 


*Includes 26,412,000 M bd. ft. of piling, poles, cordwood, etc. 


It is planned to graze some of the older Nebraska plantations with horses 
or dehorned cattle as a means of reducing the competition of the ordinary vegs-— 
tation. This would requirs some expsnditure by the Service in fences end water 
development or by the stockmen who might be prevailed upon to use the area. Ths 
former plan has been decided upon. 


ree 


It has also been decided, in connection with ordinary range improvements 
on the Nebresks, which, up to this time have been constructed entirely by graZz— 
ing permittees, to incorporate a clause jin all future special use permits of 
this kind, providing for a rental value of a definite amount in case the regu- 
lar permittee wishcs to drop out for a season and allow the use of his im- 

‘provements by other permittees, 

Tae rental figure amounting to 10 per cont of the original cost of the 
improvements, 5 par cent for maintenance, and an average of 6 per cent ona 
depreciation basis of 10 ysars, appears to bs a vary fair rate. It amounts to 
10¢ per head per mouth on the Nebraska Forest on the capacity basis of 50 head 
of cattls per section as against the grazing f3e of 15¢ per head per month, a 
total of 25¢ per head per month. This will remove 2 good deal of uncertainty 
as to what a proper charge would be and will elso remove a tendency, which has 
developed in 3 few cases, of special use pormittees overcharging for the use 
of their improvouents,. 

As an illustration of reviving interest in grazing on the Nebraska forest, 
ons permittee with thoroughbred stock is making an investmsnt in fences and water 
development, using steel posts and galvanized wire, which will amount to a cost 
of 7O¢ per head por season over a dspreciation period of 15 years. The permit- 

| tee figures that even with that investment he will better his condition ma teri- 

| ally, Since he has been compelled to spend practically the amount of his origi- 
nal investment cach ysar in supplsmenting the feed he has been able to raise on 
his ranch. Going to the forsst for ths summer period will enable him to re- 
Serve his ranch »asture as w2ll as cut more hay for winter feedings 


Se ES 


By Paul D- Kellster, Washington 


The tidy sum of $346.71 for Quincy R. Graft was carried in a special bill 
of relief passed by the last Congress in its closing days and approved by the 
President, 

This action overcomes ths decision of the accounting officers of the Treas- 
ury, which would have had the effect of taking this. sum from Mr. Craft's accumu- 
lated savings as a Forsst officer, tho sum of $346,71 representing 2 disallow- 
ance in the Treasury ITepartment of a disbursement made by Mr. Craft as fiscal 
officer on regularly authenticatsd vouchers submitted by a Forest Supervisor 
covering ths construction of buildings on ths Nebraska Forest. 

The appropriation act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, approved 
Varch 4, 1917, raised the building limitation to $1,00L. Immediately on the 
passage of the bill, buildings were constructed, the cost of which exceeded the 
previous limit of $650 on tho principle that the now limitation was immediately 
in eifsct and not to be restricted to the fiscal year for which ths bill carried 
appropriations, The auditor and comptroller held differently and so the call 
was made on Mr. Craft for payment. The injustice is apparent. Had the Super- 
Visor waited until July 1, the expenditure would have been authorized by the 
Treasury, but being a month sooner it was dead wrong and the situaticn was cre 
ated where lr. Craft was called on to contribute his money to a Goverment build 
ing. fortunately, Congress has come to the rescue 2nd the payment is made by 


the Government, the party profiting, and Mr. Craft's patisnee has brought its 
reward. 


SS SS eee eee 


Illustrating the Waning Hardwood Supply: During the last year or two thers has 
frequently been sent to the Forest Products Laboratory a dark reddish brown 
wood with the requ2st that it be identified. The wood seemed to puzzle mill 
Men and lumber dealers. In one case it was reported as bsing sold as "swamp 
walnut." A microscopic examination showed such piscas to bs willow. 

This rather recent introduction of willow on the lumber markat probably is 
duc to the present practice of lumbermsn of cutting anything that will make lun- 
ber. Hence, unusual speciss may occur with the mors common run of lumber. 

Some other uncommon kinds of lumber occasionally submitted to the Laboratory for 
identification are hackberry, planer tree, persimmon, ironwood, sourwood, mag- 
nolia, madrona, box elder, honsy locust, coifeetree, butternut, slippery elm, 
incense cedar, Alaska cedar, yew, etc., not to mention numerous foreign speciss,. 


es 


FORBST PRODUCTS LABORATURY (Concluded) 


Qil_from_an Automobile Crank Casc not Good Pneservative: Some sarnost saver of ~ 
waste materials wanted to know'if the application of crude oil or engins oil 
from the crank of an automobile is of any value in preserving redwood shingles 
ona roof." We hed to advise him that ths 011 from his crank case would be of 
RO valu; oecause it hes no toxic propertias. , } 


Qat Hulls and Hlax Poor Sources of Alcohol: Zaterprising bootleggers wili never 
use oat hulls or flax straw for producing alcohol. While it is true that a 
high yield of sugars can be obtained, they are largely what are know as pentose 
sugars, which can not be fsrmented to 2leohol. 

This is another confirmation of the bslief by Lab. chsmists that most of 
the cellulosic matzrials which are counted on by ths statisticel writers as 2 
Source of alcohol ars not suiteble for this purpose because they produce mostly 
the unfermsntable pentose sugars. Apparently the conifsrous woods will be found 
to be the main source of supply of celluloss for the manufacture of alcohol. 


etotstys & = it JUL POUNTALIN Diotalot 


Flanting on Hast Fees of_ fiko's _Poak: Planting opsrations are now in full swing 
on the sast facz of Piks's Psak. The trees and equipment wers taken to an eleva- 
tion of sbout 10,0L0 fest By the Pike's Peak Cog Road by special train because 
the regular trains for the tourist season were not operating. rom this point 
they were transrorted over 2 wagon road for two miles. It has been impossible to 
Sscurs = full crow because of the great demand for iabor along all constructioa 
linss, but at this writing, about 45 men are on the job, end it is hoped to com- 
plete th: planting, which is the spruce and fir type, by the middle of June. 


school Childrsn ‘rota 3Jssavs on Forsst Protection; Un many of the forests of the © 
District during April, school children prepared essays on various phases of for- 
est protection with great credit to themselves. In all the towns in and near 
the Montezuma Forest the various banks offered &5 as a prize for the best essay 
written in ths schools of that city. On other Forests various prizes were offered 
in 4 Similar manner. The results fully justified th> initiation of this unique 
fcoature,. 


Planting by Boy Scouts: Arrangements have been wede for the Denver Boy Scouts to 
do somo es on the Piks Wational Forest near their camp, about 5 milss above) 
Silver Plume. The: boys will be driven out to the camp in about 80 cars, fur- 
nished and drivcn by members of ths Kiwanis Club azxd the Danvsr Motor Club. The 
evening before the planting is to be dons, there will be a camp fire program at 
which an illustrated lecture on forestry, sspscially planting,will be given by. a 
member orf tas Forest Service. Although the planting will b3 done under the supe 
Vision of Forest officers, the boys will be divided up into small groups, each 
one under the supervision of one of thexmesn in the party. Although only a very 
small mumbcr of tress can be used at this time, it is hoped that this work may 
continus on a larger scals in future years. 


The Pine of Posce was passed around at Cass Laks, Minnesota, rscently when Dis- 
trict Forester Peck, Assistant. District Forest Rangor, and District Zngineer 
Mendenhall ar: the 19cal Forest officers were entertained by 30 or 40 rosidents 
of that town 2t = dinner in celebration of the recent settlement with the indians 
for the land end timber in the Mianesota Forest. 

There has in rscent years been considerabls opposition on the part of repra=— 
sentatives of the Indians to the settlement which was proposed by a law passed in 
1908 and on which hinged the Hopes and expectation of making a real National Por- 
est out of the Minnssota. The President on April 9 ayproved the raport of the 
Commission appointed to appraise ths timber, and the Secretary of the Treasury 
has been requested to make the payment to the Indians, so thet the future of ths 
Forsst seems to be assured. 

The people of Cass Lake and vicinity have apparantly meds up their minds 
that this is for the best intsrests of the community. The dinner took. the form 
of an initiation of the visitors into ths Ancient Order of Accradited Lumberjacks 
and good feeling generally prevailed. 


—-4- 


Distarel 3 - SOUTHVSSTERN DIsTAloe 


_——— 


“Bean Bsetle Blamed on National Forest: With the idea that the brush surrounding 
farms, which the Forest Service does not permit settlers to burn promiscuously, 
is a harboring placs for bean bestles, a foothill farmer east of Manzano Nation- 
} al Forest attempts, in 2 column-length story in the Mountainair Independent, to 
| demonstrate that the pinto bean industry was there first and is worth more than 
the forest anyway. Farmers he contends that used to raise 1,00 to 1,500 pounds 
of beans to the acre now have to buy what few beans they eat just on account or 
| the Forest Reserve. He recommends that Rangers "while riding leisurely along 
| pull out of the trail and count the bugs under the brush."' The newspaper editor 
saves us, however, by a half colum comment that says that "the articls is pub- 
} lished not with any idea of showing that the National forests are in any way 
| Tesponsibls for the bean beetle, but merely to show how some people will grab at 
| a straw in order to register a kick against something they do not understand and 
| which does not appeal to them." The Bureau of Entomology has been striving to 
| find control methods for the bean beetle in New IMexico and the editor goes on to 
| say, "io doubt the agents of the Govermment who spent months in this vicinity 
last summer studying the habits of the bean beetle will be glad to have this 
article as, as now all they will have to do is to do away with tho National for- 
| ests, and lo, presto, the bean beetles will disappear by magic." 


Forest Service Girls Held Picnic: Twenty of the Forest Service girls located in 
Albuquerque held a picnic recently in honor of two girls of the District office 
of Grazing who are to be spring brides. The party went by motor to a grovs 
north of Alameda and enjoyed a picnic supper. The camp fire was thoroughly put 
out and the picnic grounds were lsft in neat, orderly condition, as should be 
done by 2ll trained Forest Service girls. 

Barly Lumbering: Supervisor Andrews says that Santa Bs Canyon, just east of Santa 
Fe, probably contains ths oldest cutting of western yellow pine stands in exist- 
ence, and that soon after the Spanish occupation in 1600 round timbers of vari- 
ous sizes were cut for construction purposes and cutting increased from then on 
to ths American occupation of the territory. Sawmills were put in at a very 
early dats, possibly 1850 or thereabouts, and cutting has continucd until a few 
|} years ago. Now thers is an excellent new forest in this canyon. Mr. Andrews 

| points this out as an wnparalleled opportunity for gathering growth data on cut- 
over lands. 


Grass “xhibit: Supervisor Wales of the Prescott and his forest force gathered 
and prepered an excellent collection of southwestern grasses and browses for 
display at the Northern Arizona State Hair at Prescott. About a dozen or fif- 
*6ou complete plants of each of the grass specimsns were put in a bunch and the 
bunches attractively arranged on two panels each about 4 x 8 feet. The exhibit 
drew 2 great deal of attention. At the closs of that fair, it was taken with 
| tho other Dspartment of Agriculture cxhibit materials to the big fair at Phosnix, 
| where it met with the same success and later was shown at the State Convention 
| of ths New Mexico Sducational Association in Albuquerque. 


ee ee ee 


istered visitors at Walnut Canyon National Monument this year as compared with 
| 8,500 in 1921, tue Magstaff City Park entertained 19,616 people as compared 
) with approximatcly 11,500 last year. % Moctezuma Castle 4,800 people regis- 

| tered this year. The total number of visiters to the established camp grounds 
| of the District for 1922 is 81,000. Awaterial imerease is expected next year 
| with new camps, new and better roads 2nd ostural growth, 


—= = ee 


an cxamineation of the insect infected o:623 on Cow Creek on the Gila, reports, 
according to the Gila Bulletin, that the infastation is not ssrious. He does 
not advise any action toward eradication or control at this time, 


Cow Celebrated Inderendence Day: The Coronado has figures that show thet between 
April 13 and September 10, 1922, almost 2 thousand automobiles were ragistered 
at the control station on Lit. Lemmon road. The record is not entirely com- 
plete, however, because the pages for two days ef heaviest traffic, July 3 and 
4, was destroyed by 2 hungry cow. 


se ae 


How Times Do Changs: From Indspsndsne3, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico, in ~ 
the days of the old SantaFe trail, ia.man's ration allowance was fifty pounds of 
flour and fifty of bacon, ten pounds-of coffee and twenty of sugar, 2nd 2 1littls 
Salt. Beans wers somotimes includid as a luxury. in thes3s, the days of Forest 
Service trails and roads, the grub albowance of 2 man on the end of a shovel oF 
guiding the rooter or road plow, has changed some from those of the bull whacker 
of the 1830's. ) 


DIsTalel 4 - LP IALUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Sound Like Nevada _ to You? The last legislature authorized the Governor of 
Nevada to set aside not more than twenty-five game preserves within the State. — 
Governor Scrugham has suggestsd eight areas within the portion of Nevada in 
District 4. Three areas arz on ths Humboldt, threes on the Nevada, one on the ~ 
Moapa division of ths Dixie, and one on the edge of the canyon of the Colorado 
River in no National Forest. Thoss suggasted reservations have been submitted 
to this office for comnent. Ths Governor has also designated the region around 
Lehman Caves as 2 Stat: Reereation Ground and has allotted #500 for its improve- 
ment. It is hoped to centralize a game reservation in that vicinity and to bui 
up a hatchery for game birds thers at some time in tho futura. 


City Park in Logan Canyon: The city of Logan has secured 2 special use permit © 
for an area in Logan Canyon of the Caches National Forest to be used as a city 
perk. This area adjoins the Stats Tish Hatchery site. 

The citizens of Logan are heard at work this spring planting trees and 
shrubbery and building a small lake with an islend in the middle of it. This 
lak2 will latsr be planted with large spawning trout from the fish hatchery. 

Mr. mil Hansen, landscape architect for the Utah Agricultural College, 
has laid out the plans and the work is being done under his supervision. LEver- 
greens and black willows are being vlanted. Public camp grounds adjoin this 
area and promiss to bscome very popular and one of the beauty spots of this 
region. 


Important Visitors Expected: From a letter racently received in Lands, it ap- 
pears that Secretary Wallace of ths Department of Agriculture and Secretary Work 
of the Interior Department will coms out the garly part of June and go over var 
ous matters connected with the Yellowstone Park extension in the Jackson Hols 


country. 


Grand Canyon Hichway: District Bnginser J. ©. Martin has returned from the Kai- 
heb, where he inspectsd work on the Grand Canyon Highway where construction is — 
undsr way on Le Fevre ridge. About three miles of the new road are completed 
and another mile is clearsd. The new road is sixteen feet wide with five por 
cont grads most of the way. The old road was narrow and had a grade of twelve 
per cent and over. On his return he stopped at Red Canyon and inspected the nsw 
road location with the idea of changing the line in some places in order to save 
beautiful trees by the roadside. The new road construction in this canyon will 
not interfere with trav2l very much this year, as the old road runs quite a dis 
tance from the naw line in most placas. . 


— > = SS — 


six prize winnsers havs bcen selected. Monsy for: thess prizes was furnished by 
the forest Service at Ogden. 


——— 


milo wind that made a:total wreck of the Forest Service shop, took the roof off 
the high school, destroyed three barns, one 400 feet long, and killed siz 
thoroughbred cattls, doing damags altogsther to the amount of $50,000. Super- 
visor Maule says this. was the worst wind ever known in that section. 


-6~ 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACI MIG DISTRICT 
Public Relations on ths Snoqualmie: A Forest Service exhibit showing scenes on 
the National Forssts and accentuating firs protection was displayed recently by 
Supervisor Treen and Rargor Tusler at the Sportsmen's Show in Seattle. Tha 
purpose of the Sportsmen's Week was to advertise both to the tourists and to res- 
idents ths excellent hunting, fishing, and scenery to be found in the State of 
Washington. Information about these matters was spread mainly through a paradsa 
and an oxcsllent oxhibit of fish and game. Over 7,000 people attended the ox 
hibit, which is considered a good number, sincs an admission was charged. 

In Warch the Camp Fire Girls gave an sxhibit showing the excellent work of 
the organization in stimulating interest in outdoor life. Ranger Tusler and 
Forest Zxaminsr Kellogg decorated a Forest Service corner, getting over Forest 
protection and recreation by showing scenes on the National forests and display- 
ing fire slogans and maps. 

The work of giving examinations to Seattle Boy Scouts seeking the merit 
badgs in conservation and forestry still progresses. Forty-one of these have 
been given to dats by Supervisors Weigle and Treen. 


Mayb= So: Ranger Lyman of the Siskiyou received a latter in February addressed 


"Mr. Lyman, Distrest Forestcr Hanger." At that, the writer may not have been 
wrong! 


a a ee ee a ce a fe ee to: Nmap ee 


Ranger Zlliott has mailed out lettars to all grazing permittees calling atton- 
tion to their fire fighting and prevention obligations and is arranging for them 
to handle firss upon certain areas, 

Ranger Ray is doing the sams cxcopt that hs has sont different letters to 
now permittces, old permittees whose cooperation has becn satisfactory, and old 
permittces whose coopsration has not been satisfactory. The Prairis City Stock 
Association has passed resolutions authorizing Forest officers to call out any 
mombcr of the association or smployses of mombers of tho association to fight 
fires. Wheres this is not possiblo or practicable, the Forest officer is author- 
izod to hirs other assistance and forward the bill to the association for payment 


= —_- SS 


Here's one bunch of grazers who are not careless with fire. Thsre are about 44 
bands of sheep and 3,500 heaa of cattle on his district, too. 


ee a a a ore ene Re a ee 


Golf on the Pisgah: Application has been made by the citizens of Brevard, North 
Carolina, for cnough land on Davidson River in Pisgah Forest to locate a 9-hole 
golf course. Perhaps the Pisgah will some day rival the Angeles in variety of 
special uss3s. 


SS ee eS ee 


Fire tropaganda Gets Good Circulation: The Anchorage District of the Chugach ‘is 
the only ranger district in the Alaskan Nationel Torests having any firs prob- 
lem of importance, and during fire protection week Ranger John G. Brady, in 
charge of ths Anchorage district, made considerable hay. The extent to which 
the press, the business men, and the public gencrally cooperated speaks well 
for the work of the Service in that district. 


Eresident Harding to Visit Chugach: If present plans mature, the Chugach will be 
honored with some very distinguished visitors this season, as President Harding, 
accompanicd by three mombers of the Cabinet, is expected to visit parts of the 
Forast during June. 


Assigncd to Chugach: Thomas 3. Murray, Forest Ranger, formerly of thse Tongass, 
has been assigned to the Chugach, effective May 1. Mr. Murray has had two s3o-- 
Sons’ experianoe in Alaska. Last winter he took the rangers' short course at 
the Montana School of Forestry. 


Chugach this season. Most of them will be for the opening up of mining regions 
at present more or less inaccessible. A total allotment of $7,300 has been set 
up for this work. 

aS, 


DISTRICT 8 (Concluded) 


Application for Timbsr: Timbsr sale business on the vhugach is looking up. a 
tentative application has been received for 100 million feet to be cut from. 
Afbgnak Island. Supervisor McDonald is making 2 reconnaissancs of the arsa 
and if the dsal goes through a more intensive cruis3 will probably be made 

later in tho sscason. 


ea A 


(Do play safe the Cathe remains anonymous ] 


Some may prefer to put. their trust 

In an old “tin Lizzie" that rolls in dust; 

But let me to sea, and to windward beat 

On the trim craft of the Forest Service Fleet! 


First the "Hiawatha," the flagship true, 
Leads the Fleet through waters blue, 

The stalwart "Tahn," and the "YJesp00ss, - 
These beat any old galloping gooss. 
There's "Ranger One," and "Ranger Two," 
Cutting along while their engines staw; 
And "Ranger Four" and "Renger Five," 
All good boats for a man alive; 

‘And soon to be added to the galaxy 

The brand-new boat, “Ranger Three"; 

Good staunch craft in a stormy s3a 
Even down to the 'Nellis B." 

All of them natty and trim and neat - 
Nine ‘good ships. of .the. io Service Fleet! 


-6-. 


Service Bulletin 


Vol, VII, No, ab Washington, D. C. June 11, 1923. 


MARYLAND DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVE COOPERATION 
WITH THE SMALL TIMBERLAND OWNER 
By G.H, Collingwood, Washington 


The State Forester of Maryland is teaching forest management and the 
application of silviculture through the pocketbook, A recent visit to the 
4O-acre woodlot of W. Beale Bowie, near Largo in Prince Georges County, 
Maryland, revealed the fact that the forester, the lumberman, and the owner 
of timberland can all get together upon a common basis of uncerstanding. 

Mr, Bowie owns a piece of mixed hardwood land, consisting chiefly of 

“white oak, together with scattered black oak, pin oak, gum, end tulip poplar, 
growing on rolling land generally loamy clay in character. Through his 
county agricultural agent he learned of the cooperation which State Forester 
Besley's office is in a position to give. 

On October 19, 1921, a preliminary examination was made by Assistant 
Forester Karl E, Pfeiffer, The terms under which the State couid be of ad- 
ditional help were explained, and afterwards Mr. Pfeiffer prepared a brief 
report with general recommendations for management. A copy of this, to- 
gether with a more detailed explanation of the "Maryland Plan" was sent to 
Mr. Bowie, 

Many of the trees were mature and the owner wanted to get some money 
out of the lot. But he did not want to risk an wngoverned cutting by an 
ordinary sawmill operator. The plan which had accompanied the report looked 
good, and he decided to give it a trial. Accordingly, Mr. Corbin was sent 
from the forester's office to mark those trees which should be taken out. 
This was on the 15th of March, 1922. 

Mr, Corbin's salary was paid by the State, but for this type of work 
the woodland owner paid the State Forester's office $3.00 per day, together 
with the cost of all travel and subsistence while he was away from the of- 
fice, In addition two local men were furnished as helpers. All the trees 
were marked, tallied, and deduction made for defects, The marking of the 
trees consisted of a conspicuous blaze at breast height, and another one 
below the level of the stump, on which was stamped an "M" which served to 
check the cutting of any unmarked trees, They finished the job in a day, 
and Mr. Bowie was given an estimate of the amount of timber which should be 
removed from his lot. The office work was done at the State Forester's 
office, and the cost to the owner was scarcely more than $10.00, 

Ordinarily a description of the lot, and a statement of the volume 
of lumber to be removed, but with no suggestions as to values, is sent out 
to a number of mill men, together with the regulations under which the trees 
are to be cut. The millmen are invited tc submit bids, and occasionally 
some real competition ensues. In this particular case Mr. Bowie let the 
contract without competitive bids, and received a lump sum of $2,020 for an 
estimated cut of 200,000 board feet. Inasmuch as all of the cutting is done 
by the operator this amounts to a stumpage value of a little more than $10 
per M.B.M, In addition the owner retains ownership of all tops and limbs, 
These he is working up into cordwood and selling in the farmyard at $0.50 
per standard cord. A liberal estimate for cutting up the tops gives hima 
profit on his cordwood of at least $3, Under such conditions diameter lim- 
its for top lopping or rules for brush disposal are scarcely necessary. 


MARYLAND DEMONSTRATES EFFECTIVE COOPERATION 


WITH THE SuiALL TIMEZPLAND OWNER (Concluded) 


The marking was done on the basis of a selection pian. All mature 
and overtopping trees were removed, also some smaller ones which were 
crowding more desirable specimens, In addition, all defective trees were 
ordered cut, to be used, or not, as the operator pleased, The woods are 
left in a highly productive condition, with a considerable percentage of 
the forest canopy left unbroken. Very few trees over 10 inches in diameter 
are left, but this is due to market conditions rather than any prearranged 
diameter limit. Apparently the timber operator lives up to the terms of 
his agreement, and the woods are left in the best possible condition. Of 
course there is a penalty clause in case he does not do so, Comparatively 
little damage was done to the remaining tree growtn, and small reproduction 
is given a splendid opportunity to spring up. 

This is a case where the State Forester is carrying on effective 
extension teaching which is helping the woodlot ower to help himself. He 
is probably getting nearly as much for the woodlot as if he had sold it 
outright, and he has a good start toward a substantial crop which can be 
harvested within the next ten years. 


THE IDEAL OF FORESTRY 


By Ward Shepard - Washington 


Among the things that have made the Forest Service what it is, one 
of the chief is the loyalty of its members, This is well known both inside 
and outside the organization. Yet this spirit of loyalty - producing sac- 
rifice and devotion, and welding diverse men together into a remarkable 
community of ideas and purpose - has not, it seems to me, been adequately 
explained. Many people explain it on the ground of enthusiasm for public 
‘service, and to a less degree on the attraction of life and work in moun- 
tains and forests, Unquestionably these things are strong factors in many 
individual choices, but they hardly get to the heart of the qusstion. 

The chance for public service, for example, exists in many occupa- 
tions. Hospitals, courts, legislatures, fire departments, post offices, 
to name only a few, exist primarily for public service, Many other occu- 
pations, such as ranching, engineering, prospecting, seafaring, farming, 
and the like, give opportunities for a life in the open. 

The call of the Service is stronger and deeper than all these. 
Forestry on a large scale and extending its operations over centuries isa 
challenge to the best powers of man; it is a call to a higher social de- 
velopment, a more studied, elaborate, and fruitful civilization. For ages 
men have been emerging from chaos, mental and spiritual; from the disorder 
of ignorance, sloth, greed, cunning, and waste. 

Now work lixe public forestry-is another and striking proof that 
man can rise to intellectual and moral maturity; to a large conception of 
sober, ordered, reasoned existence, based on social morality. For public 
forestry means control of natural forces on a gigantic scale; it means 
highly organized planning through centuries; it means thought for remote 
generations and for a civilization of which ours is only the germinating 
seed. It says to greed, waste, and ignorance, "You shall not enter here." 
For exploitation, destruction, and future poverty, it substitutes intelli- 
gent care and social cooperation, 

In these respects, I maintain that public forestry is the type and 
promise of a new civilization. It takes no visionary to discover the con- 
trast between its aims and social morals and those current in much of the 
present profit-making organization of the world. And it is in such large 
conceptions of intelligent purpose that man rises to his true dimity and 
mental stature. It is not merely that foresters satisfy the every-day need 
for such an ordinary and unromantic commodity as wood; but that in doing 
so. they reassure us that man can, if only he have a better outlook anda 
better faith,.control his own destiny and build a secure and rational 


sre ete 


THE IDEAL OF FORESTRY (Concluded) 


civilization, Forestry is one of those great liberating ideas that capture 
the imagination. To have a part, however small, in this pioneering toward 
a better world is, I believe, the chief source of the loyalty and faith of 


foresters. 


TRUE IN GERMANY IN 1817: TRUE IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1923 


By C. R, Tillotson - Washington 


In the Pennsylvania State Service Letter for May 24, 1923, there 
appears without comment Cotta's preface to his instructions in silviculture 
first published in 1417, A part of this is so applicable to present condi- 
tions in the United States in-so far as I have observed them that I can not 
help but quote from the article. Does this condition which was long ago 
recognized by Cotta, and which I believe all will agree is duplicated very 
largely right here today, indicate that all those who deal with forestry in 
a broad way have to pass through the stage which he pictured? 


"Our foresters can still be divided into empiricists 
and scientists; rarely are both united, 


"What the former considers sufficient in a forest management 
is easily learned, and the systematic teachings of the other are 
soon memorized. But in practice the art of the first stands to. 
a thorough forestry science in the same relation as the quack 
medicine to the true pharmacopia; and the other often does not 
lnow the forest for the many trees, Things look very differently 
in the forest from what they do in books; the learned man stands 
therefore, frequently, left by his learning and’ at the same time 
without the bold decision of the empiricist. 


"Three principal causes exist why forestry is still so 
backward; first, the long time which wood needs for its develop- 
ment; second,the great variety of sites on which it grows; 
thirdly, the fact that the forester who practices much writes 
but little, and he who writes much practices but little, 


"The long development period causes that something is con- 
sidered good and prescribed as such, which is good only fora 
time, and later becomes detrimental to the forest management. 
The second fact causes that what many declare good or bad, 
proves good or bad only in certain places. The third fact 
brings it about that the best experiences die with the man who 
made them, and that many entirely one-sided experiences are 
cepied by the merely literary fore ster so often that they 
finally stand as articles of faith which nobody dares to gain- 
say, no matter how one-sided or in error they may be." 


"Therandt, Dec, 31, 1816. Heinrich Cotta," 


THOSE WHITE TAILED SQUIRRELS 


By Will C, Barnes - Washington 


Recently Ranger Kintner of the Tusayan sent a beautifully tamed 
squirrel skin in for identification, believing it might prove to bea 
Kaibabd squirrel although captured on the south side of the Grand Canon, 
the recognized dividing line between the Abert and Kaibab squirrels. It 
was identified, however, oy the Biological Survey as an Abert (Sciurus 
aberti). The two are very close in certain characteristic colorings, but 
the Kaibab shows far more white on the long tail than the Abert. 


-3- 


THOSE WHITE TAILED SQUIRRELS (Concluded) 


2ie«.. The Biological Survey reports the latter animal as having been re- 
ported' from a number of places in New Mexico, the Prieto plateau in the 
southeastern part of that State, the head of the Mimbres River, in the Mon- 
gollan mountains, the San Mateo mountains, and in the Balck Range. Appar- 
ently the Abert squirrel is common all over the Yellow pine region of the 
Southwest, even-into Colorado, but the Kaioad squirrel is yet to be dis- 
covered elsewhere than on the Kaibab plateau in Northern Arizona where he 
seems to have been cut off from all migrations by the canon to the south 
ane the impassable deserts of that region on every other side, 


. - BIG EXHIBIT AT COLORADO PAGEANT ~~ 


An Unusual Opportunity for Exhivits is presented by the Colorado 
Pageant of Progress, which will be staged at Denver during the first two 
weeks in July. The Forest Service, D-2, has been offered unlimited space 
immediately to the right of the entrance, The value of this space is con- 
siderably enhanced by the: presence’ of two small cottonwood groves and some 
rough ground which will lend themselves well to an outdoor scene, 

The present plan, which is only tentative, calls for a young forest 
covering an acre or ‘two tobe in charge of a ranger who will camp. on the 
ground. The exhibit will’ show $onie™ representative phases of. grazing activi- 
ties, a small burn surrounded by’a fire Lirie; and a plantation. In.a rustic 
cabin, will-be housed some miniature e2 xhibits showing some phases of forest 
management. which cannot ‘be shown out of doors owing to the size. of the trees 
necessary, 

The Ford ey neue Ae factory will be repre sented on the ground by an 
exhibit costing some $600,000. This will be near the Forest Service ex- 
hibit and presents remarkable opportunities for Cooperation since they ex- 
pect to show a railroad, several small villages and an irrigated farm, 

The interest of tne- Manager of the Pageant of Progress has led him 
to treat the Forest Service with unusual generosity, donating unrestricted 
space and helping in every way possible by his influence and personal inter- 
est. - 


WASHIN LINGTON NOTES 


New Extension Forester: G, H, Collingwood is now attached to the Forest 
Service as Extension Specialist in Forestry, having been assigned to tnis 
work by the States Relations Service. Mr. Collingwood was formerly a Ranger 
in District 3, later becoming associated with Cornell University as Exten- 
sion Specialist in Forestry. Mr, Collingwood's principal duties with, the 
Forest Service will be to deal with State extension directors, heads. of 
forestry departments, and forestry’ extension’ specialists : as an advisor on 
forestry subjects and as an expert in forestry extension methods, The im- 
portance of Mr, Collingwood's work is easily recognized when it is remem- 
bered that one-third of the forest land in the United States is owned by 
farmers, 


Paper Bags Used For Fire Publicity: The Conservation Commission of the 
State of New York has been successful in putting over some good publicity 


on fire prevention through the distribution of paper bags on which -is 
printed fire propaganda and-rules for campers. These bags are being dis- 
tributed by the New York Staite Forestry Association, which organization 
secured a contribution’ for the purpose, The idea he 1d by the Conservation 
Commission of New York was to get a fire warning to picnic parties and other 
users of the Forests at a time when such parties are actually in the woods. 


WASHINGTON NOMES (Concluded) 
shipaciie Wa 


ee He Ah escapes 


A Self-Explanatory Letter: vig 


"CENTRAL COMMITTEE ON LUMBER STANDARDS 
International Building, 
Washington, D.C, 

May 21, 1923. - 
"Hon. Henry C, Wallace, 
Secretary of Agriculture, 
Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 


"My dear Mr, Secretary: : 
"In behalf of the producers, distributors and consumers of lumber 
represented through the Central Committee on Lumoer Standards in an effort 
to formulate standards that will promote maximum economy and convenience in 
the manufacture, distribution and utdlization of lumber, may I express 
erateful-appreciation of the services of the Forest Products Lavaratory at 
recent national conferences held in Chicago, May 10 - 16. 
"No important constructive undertaking in American industry has ever 
at any time received more timely or more practical technical assistance 
from the Government than has the lumber industry, through the Forest Service 
and the Forest Products Laboratory. . 
E Yours “truly, 
» %  s (Signed) Wilson Compton, 
Chairman, Consulting Committee," 


! 4 ely: Cae a oe rar 
FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


Larch Baking Powder Biscuits: Most tempting, beautifully browned biscuits 
on exhibition at the Lab, during the visit of the Senate Forestry Committee 
aroused much interest.- This was increased when it was learned that the 
mucic acid used for the manufacture of the baking powder came from larch 
butts. 


Large Attendance At May Instructional Courses: Sixty men, the greatest 
number assembled at one time for the Laboratory instructional courses, were 
enrolled as follows for the May series: kiln drying, 19; boxing ana crating, 
17; glue, 16; salesman, 8. 

Like their predecessors, these men came from various portions of the 
United States and represented many industries, 


Getting More and More Alcohol: Just soaking wood for an hour in a four per 
cent solution of sodium carbonate before distillation gave an average in- 
crease of over 50 per cent in methyl-alcohol yields, it was learned in re- 
cent experiments. The Lab. is continually adding to its stock of alcohol, 
stock of information, we mean. hee 


Yellow Cabs Have All-Wood Bodies: Is steel superseding wocd in the manu- 
facture of auto bodies? Possibly with some makes, but the superintendent 
of body construction for the Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company thinks wood 
construction is far better. "The all-steel body," he said, in an article 
in the Hardwood Record, “does not compare with tne all-wood construction - 
not the way we use it. All-steel has a number of good arguments against 
it. First, it can't compare with all-wood construction in the ease and 
speed with which repairs can be made. There is where the whole secret lies, 
The steel car, when it is damaged, must. be repaired by welding in the new 
parts, and this is a slow process, requiring the better part of a day or 
longer to accomplish. With our woou construction we can make repairs in 


-~5- 


“FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY (Concluded) 


much less time,..... There are other reasons, too, why wood is preferred, 

An all-metal car rusts - say what you will - which adds much to repairs and 
upkeep. A metal car is also full of "drum," vibration,: a: moran iesaseinass not. 
to be found in a wooden car." : 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Rains Improve Ranges: Recent rains have taken place throughout the District 
and there are excellent prospects for a good crop of grass, at least, during 
the early part of the season. 

Those who think they know something about the cattle industry are 
prophesying a pretty fair market this fall, particularly on feeders, on ac- 
count of the good year that the feeders have had, Most of them have made 
some money on their ventures during the past winter. 


Grazing Inspectors Rachford of the Washington Office and Douglas of the 
District Office are out on schedule of conference of the Forest Supervisors 
on range appraisal, which will keep them engaged about a month in this Dis- 
trict, 


ws 


DISTRICT | 3s SOUTHTESTERN DISTRICT. 


Proo da bly some of Bunyan's se Ie is reported tnat archaeologists digging 
around in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado have found the petrified bodies 
of two men eleven feet in height. These giant human beings are said to oe 
of proportions similar to those of the people of today. Speculations are 
rife with scientists concerning the time when such mighty men lived in Ari- 
zona, but what is more natural than that a couple of Bunyan's loggers shoula 
have gone down the river when Paul attempted a drive on one of the upper 
forks of the Colorado? . In that event there is no question concerning the 
period of their living. It was contemporaneous with the formation of the 
Petrified Forest which, according to: Quincy Randles' story in the April nun- 
ber of the Forest Pioneer,: occurred when the mud-covered logs were driven 
out of the Puerco onto the flats south of Holbrook for want of sufficient 
water to float the big Season's cut. 


Good Advice: Suestyainon Arthur: meekean ener tools as worse than none and 
in the Lincoln Bulletin admonishes rangers not to depend on worn-out stuff. 
"Round up your old property," says the paragraph, “and have it in shape so 
that when an officer who has the power to condemn property is on your Dis- 
trict, he can clean it up. Don't be charged with any old, worn-out stuff, 
- as it looks from the Supervisor's Office that you have equipment when you 
really have worse than none. If you have no equipment you will not depend 
on it and have it fail you. Condemn it. The Supervisor's Office cannot 
get new equipment like it.should be able to get as long as the records are 
cluttered with old junk that looks like equipment on paper. When a tool 
becomes worn out it is cast aside and if it is not condemned immediately, 
it will likely be lost and then someone, usually the fellow charged with it, 
pays. -All equipment in serviceable, condition should be the aim of every 
Ranger and the Property Custodian will_be of all assistance possible. 


Ranger Erickson a Veteran: Ranger Neil Erickson, now custodian of the Walnut 
Canyon National Monument on the Coconino, has a long record of service to 
his credit. Prior to his transfer.to the Coconino Erickson was a ranger for 
almost eighteen years on the.Chiricahua-Coronado, During that time he worked 
under six different supervisors, 


Second V. P, Scout Council: -Supervisor Calkins of the Coronado has been 
‘chosen Second Vice. Presiaent of the Catalina Council of the Boy Scouts of 


- Oo - 


DISTRICT 3 (Concluded) 


America; Camp Lawton, the Scout outing place on the Coronado National 
Forest, has been made the model scout camp for the state by the Arizona 
. Boy Scout Conference , 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Girl Scouts Get Instructions: The Girl Scouts of Ogden and vicinity re- 
cently held a training school in Ogden Canyon. F. 8, Baker gave the girls 
‘instructions on how to know the trees, how to build camp fires that will 
not burn up the Forests, especially how to put them out, and how to draw 
maps. 


No Loss Without Some Gain: The late spring which everybody is cursing is 
not without some favorable aspects. 

"Johnny" Raphael who has recently returned from the arid State of 
Nevada says that the cool weather and numerous storms are holding back the 
melting of the snow most excellently. These snows were lighter than usual 
and if spring had come on normally, the water would be all gone before it 
was time to use it for some of the crops, Farmers depending upon irriga- 
tion are therefore favored by the late spring. It also promises to make 
the spring range last well through the season and not dry up early in the 
year as is sometimes the case, 

While not due to the late spring, Mr, Raphael also reports an im- 
provement in the gold mining industry in the State of Nevada, and states 
that a new gold strike on the Santa Rosa Division of the Humboldt National 
Forest is causing considerable excitement," 


Red Cedar Chests Made by School: The Industrial Department of the Ogden 
Central Junior High School recently staged an exhibition, the feature of 
which was an extremely beautiful clothes chest made of the native red cedar 
(Juniperus Scopulorum). The wood for this chest was obtained near Ogden 
from a remarkably large juniper (in this particular region). The wood was 
of a deeper red than is seen in the chests made of eastern red cedar, and 
was more beautifully varigated and mottled, 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Siskiyou County Declares War on Incendiaries: A splendid address made by 
Supervisor Tom West of the Klamath before a meeting of the Associated Cham- 
bers of Commerce of Siskiyou County at Montague, evidently aroused these 
representative citizens to a sense of the dangers that are threatening 

them if the depletion of the forests is not promptly curbed. Mr. West pre- 
sented startling facts and figures to show that the sword of Damocles, in 
the shape of a timber famine, is hanging over our heads, and that the in- 
cendiary and the careless or malicious camper is doing his best to cut the 
slender thread by which it is suspended, Asa result of this plea for the 
forests resolutions were adopted endorsing and commending the work of the 
Forest Service, and recommending that copies of the resolutions be published 
and a committee appointed "to do all within its power to advise the people 
of the County of the necessity of care to prevent fires." 

A few days later the committee held an earnest and enthusiastic mee t- 
ing in Mr. West's office to formulate plans for this campaign. A remark- 
ably thorough and comprehensive plan of action was mapped out, which aims 
at enlisting the support of every citizen in the county, and in which the 
Service will of course participate to the extent of its powers. 


A Quiet Sunday: The following is a copy of a note written by Scaler Charles 
Bloom of the Eldorado: 

"Sunday, May 13. - This is the end of a perfect day, Scaled the 
usual amount of logs. On looking over the sale area shortly after noon 
discovered a family of rattlesnakes; killed 20 all by myself and saw lots 


=e 


DISTRICT 5 (Concluded ) 


more which am going to work on tomorrow, Expect to do better then, as l 
will take a few necessary implements of war with me, Had a very nice fire 
close to Government land this evening which furnished amusement for awhile. 
Hope to see you soon, 'Unclassified - 8 hours.'" 


New Forest Service Camp on Lake Tahoe: The Board of Supervisors of Eldorado 
County recently purchased ob acres of land on the shore of Lake Tahoe in 
order to secure a right of way for the State highway. The land in excess of 
the needs for this purpose, with a shore line of a quarter of a mile, will 
be turned over to the Forest Service to be used for a public camp ground, 
This area is situated next to the summer resort of Al Tahoe, and in case the 
plans go through will mean that at last we will have a camp ground on the 
Eldorado side of Lake Tahoe’ with a decent shore line on the lake itself. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Stock Associations Hold Meetings: Sixteen stock association meetings have 
been held on the Whitman Forest during the past two months, with the District 
Ranger and at least one member of the Supervisor's office present at each, 
Supervisors Ramsdeli and Irwin feel well qualified for membership in the 
Circuit riders' club, particularly after trips to the various John Day: and 
Burnt River Associations, 

Probably the banner meeting was with the Pine Valley Deane aia at 
Halfway, with all officers and a total of 33 members present. About 50 per- 
mittees graze 4500 head of cattle on this range, With applications for 0327 
head it is no small task to figure equitable cae a and, a turn, to 
supervise such a range, Ask’ Ranger: Foreman,. 

The Whitman is pleased to announce a cut of 20100, & H, sad 16,400 
5, &G, for’the 1923 season, besides.a two weeks' redue tion in season for 
about bot ofall. stock, In. fact we anticipate a display of real grass in 
the mountains after the middlé:of summer: in another year or two, and those 
wishing to take pack trips will not be asked-to include baled hay with their 
supplies, At the same time, we aspire to’ turn off some first-class beef and 
mutton, 


Mattson Resigns, Another oldtimer is leaving the Whitman. Frank Mattson 
worked under appointment as Guard in 1910 and has been on the Forest almost 
continuously since that time as District Ranger, and later as. Scaler.. He. 
has been rated as one of the best stalers in D-b. Mattson has gone to I1li- 
nois, where he will probably realize an'ambition of several years to operate 
a chicken ranch along scientific lines. 

That-Malheur Sale. The Wie toh force is tet tickled to see the big Mal- 
heur sale bid in at $2,80, even if it does mean that our neighbor to the 
south will soon be showing us:up in the timber business. It is going to 
make sales administration a lot easier with us after the trouble brewing 
over the slicing of six bits from the appraised price. Best of all, it vin- 
dicates the appraisal work of the logging engineers. 


I had six honest, serving men; 
(They taught me all I mew) 
Their names are WHAT and WHY and WHEN, 
And HOW and WHERE and WHO. 
--Kipling, 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


fc) ia 
Mob? VIL. No. 25 Washington, D. C, June 18, 1923. 


EXTRAORDINARY ANNOUNCEMENT ! ! ° 


In the logging-camps of North America, strange legends are told of 
Paul Bunyan; of his huge size and daring, of his physical prowess, of his 
heroic and magnificent deeds, and of his famous Blue Ox that measured eleven 
axe-handles between the horns. These legends have always been regarded as 
myths, invented by lumber jacks to while away long winter evenings. 

But recently an adventurous Ranger scaled the heights of Mt. McKinley 
and discovered some curious old documents from which it is possible to deter- 
mine not only that Paul Bunyan actually existed, but that he worked for many 
years in the Forest Service. It has been decided to piece together the se 
fragments, interpret them, and give them to the world, 

By a rare good stroke of fortune and $1,000 ,000 the SERVICE BULLETIN 
secured the serial rights to these Paul Bunyan yarns, which by the way were 
written on the first paper pulp ever made. This issue contains the first 
chapter. The others will appear in successive issues. Order from your 
newsdealer today, Better yet, obey that impulse and send in your subscrip- 
tion (pine needles not accepted) to the nearest P, R, office, 


PAUL BUNYAN - TALES OF HIS EXPLOITS 


Chapter I, 


Bunyan Was The First Ranger 


It is not generally known that Paul Bunyan was the first Ranger, 
That was long, long ago when the Forest Service was a small bureau in the 
Department of the Exterior, Paul's district was proportionate to his great 
size, being over 298 billion square axe-handles in area, and embracing in 
its northwestern extremity the present Chugach and Tongass Forests in Alaska, 
Here he had his summer headquarters; but as winter approached he rode south 
on his Blue Ox along the main crest of the Rockies, thence easterly to the 
mouth of Sour Dough Creek (later dubbed the Mississippi), where he had a 
winter camp. 

[To be continued ] 


BRAZILIAN LUMBER MARKET LOST TO AMERICA 
By Joe Kircher, D-3 


In spite of the fact that Brazil has vast virgin forests it has been 
a large purchaser of American pine, Before the European war Brazil was pur- 
chasing lumber from the United States at the rate of 60,000 M feet per year, 
This lumber was practically all southern yellow pine (mostly longleaf) and 
eastern white pine, both of which were used largely for constructive purposes, 

The reason why this lumber could compete with the native species was 
because the Brazilian lumber industry had never been well organized, was very 
mall, and could not supply the demand. The Brazilian, who is fundamentally 
a landowner but not a manufacturer, probably preferred to buy his lumber from 
foreigners rather than to run the chances of losing money in cutting lumber, 
an operation of which he knew very little, 


BRAZILIAN LUMBER MARKET LOST TO AMERTCA (Concluded) 


The European war, however, changed everything, The American supply 
of lumber was practically cut off and the price of lumber in 2razilian mar- 
kets soared. Lumbering, therefore, became exceedingly profitable. Existing 
mills started to cut to capacity, and new mills sprang up. - Slowly the native 
lumber replaced that which had formerly been imported. 

At the close of the war when American lumbermen tried again to sell 
to Brazil they found that they could not do so. They now had considerably 
more competition from native species, and exports from the United States to 
Brazil in 1921 fell to about 10,000 M feet, While the 1922 figures are not 
available, lumbermen say that they are considerably smaller, and during 192} 
Brazilian lumber dealers Ska ve that they, wall Pur chaise practically no Ameri- 
can pine. 

Mach of the Brazilian market for American lumber- has been taken by 
Parana pine which, though inferior in quality, can be purchased in the Rio 
market for about $55. per thousand, while American pine cannot be laid down 
for much less than $100 per thousand. In the Sao Paulo market, probably the 
. largest in Brazil, American pine is still higher and Parana pine cheaper. 

} To add to the difficulty. of American exporters the milreas, which 
before the war stood at about 3- L/ 2, to:,the dollar, has now fallen to 9- Whe 
per dollar. Should the milreis again rise, American lumber will Teco cor<§ 
respondingly cheaper; Notwithstanding it is hardly believed possible that i 
American lumber can again secure the market which it enjoyed before the war , 
Undoubtedly should it again enter into active competition with native dumber 
the Brazilian Government would raise import duties toa Bod: high enough 
to protect the local lumber:industry. 28 

After a review of the. situation it is, , bed iewad: yet the: Brad dddee, 
lumber market is forever lost: to American lumbermen, .Om2l1 quantities: for - 
special. ‘purpose s- will probably always be imported, but thesimportation ‘of 
large quantities cannot be looked for. 

This is a calamity from the viewpoint of the individual lumberman who 
used to sell much of his product to Brazil, since’ he must now look for new 
markets. But from a broad economic viewpoint nay this not be a blessing for 
the United States? It is known that we are cutting our timber four times 
as fast as it grows, If some of our preseat markets are lost to us it would 
naturally retard cutting and.make the supply jast longer. 

The quantity annually sold to Brazil before the war was not large 
compared with the total ihumber cut of the’ United States, yet every little. 
saved for the future will heip when: the pinch comes, i? on é 

I's it not rather comical to think of the United States sending a lot 
of lumber to Brazil now, only to be buying from the same country some fifty 
years from now? ; | 


AUTO TRUCK KELPS IN FIRE FIGHTING 
By R. G. Schreck, Michigan. 


We have had two occasions to experiment with the Graham Bros, truck 
on two large fires on the Michigan so far this season, and both times the 
truck proved of great value, 

On May 4 a large fire aaineae near Loud Dam, A strong g@le was diow- 
ing from the northeast at the time which drove the fire: south onto the Forest 
at a remarkable rate. Ranger Groesbeck with twenty men immediately left for 
the, fire, and, in. spite of the high wind and the rate. the fire was traveling, 
succeeded in heading the fire off by plowing furrows-and oacafiring. The 
truck did very effective ‘work in the quick transportation of men and being 
ready for plowing furrows on arrival, Traveling at. the rate of five miles 
per howr, a furrow was thrown around ‘the head of the fire and almost the en- 
tire crew of men followed with torches setting back fires, 

It is the first time in my.experience that I have seen a fire checked 
on the sand plains during the day when such a strong gale was blowing: If 
the truck had not been on the job there’*is little doubt but what the fire 
would have burned almost across the Tawas District, since it would have been 
‘impossible to get teams and plows on the job in tame to prevent the fire ob- 
taining large proportions, 


' 
iAP) 
! 


AUTO TRUCK HELPS IN FIRE FIGHTING (Concluded) 


On May 5 another fire started near Sand Lake, outside the Forest. 
The fire was spreading rapidly and endangering a large resort at Sand Lake. 
The State Fire Warden was informed and Ranger Groesbeck was advised to take 
the truck and what men he had evailable and assist the State in checking 
this fire. Here again the truck did very effective work in taking the haz- 
ardous part of the fire area and-with only~a.nandful of men checking the 
fire with one. furrow and backfiring; thus saving the cottages and. resort on 
the Lake and preventing the complete ruination of the lake for future resort 
business, 

We are surely more than pleased with the truck and the work it nee 
accomplished, and. I am in hopes that some time in the near future that each 
District can be supplied with similar’ equipment. 


SOUTHERN PINE - IN THE WAKE OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL 

The boll-weevil's advance in 1920 and 1921 into large areas of the 
cotton-growing sections of the lower Fiedmont region from the Carolinas to 
Alabama resulted in paralyzing farming and, in its stead, developing an ex- 
tensive timber industry. In scorés’ of comties in middle South Carolina and 
middie Georgia the humming of sawmills, the chugging of motor trucks of many 
kinds and sizes hauling 60-day seasoned lumber over country roads, and the 
purring. of planing mills located up and down tue vailroads characterize prac- 
tically the only industry. E 

"It is timber that kept us from starvavion," said an oldtimer., "Dimber 
is what's keepin’ us together," said a rural storekeeper . "Our business 
wouldn't a counted fer nothin' if it want fer this lumber proposition," said 
a general merchant in a county seat town, 

Tne whole industry, with occasional exceptions, is being run by men 
green in the business - former farmers and farm laborers, the latter mostly 
negroes, of course. The great exodus to the North of negroes (mostly men _ 
adults) since 1921 has taken North over 50 per cent of the farm hands, and 
the remainder are mostly in’ the woods and at the mills where they are con- 
tented with $1.25 to $1.75 per day in cash paid every two, weeks for 10 to 
11-1/2 hours hard work five or six days in the week, 

Unwise cutting and waste are everywhere - high stumps and large tops 
left in the woods, big slab piles, and careless sawing resulting in hugs 
shaving piles at the planing mills, What's more, between the almost complete... 
lack of knowledge of timber values on the part of the farm owners - mostly 
men and women living in town who have tenanted their lands to negroes and 
have little kmowledge of them in detail - and the prevailing high values of 
pine timber loaded on the cars, the big operators handling 95 per cent of the 
business are making large "clean-ups" in profits. Or, in the mild words of 
Judge Purdy of Sumter, South Carolina, "the vigilant stinger wipes up the 
sluggish owner." 

It used to be this way years ago, and one wonders if somehow it always 
must be that the farmer - the grower of the timber crop-- is “tio get but a 
very small fraction.of what his marketable commodity is worth, while the 
shrewd and not infrequently unscrupulous buyer and operator piles up large 
profits, It is wrong and the injustice of it all shovld stir the State and . 
Federal forces to effective action. In probably no other line is the farmer - 
so badly beaten out of his rightful income. é 

High stumps were mentioned as one form of waste, Accompanied. by 
County Agent Drexel, the writer recently measured a random acre in a repre- 
sentative cutting of shortieaf and loblolly pines in McDuffie County, 30 
miles west of Augusta; Georgia, Seventy-two trees had been cut, leaving 
stumps measuring mostly from 12 to 20 inches in diameter inside bark (with . 
a few up to 30 inches), and from 19 to 29 inches in height, The average 
stump was about 25 inches in height and contained 16 board feet above 2, height 
of 12 inches from the ground, or a total volume of 1152 hoard feet per acre. 
The purchaser, thus, had gone away leaving the choicest and mo st valuable 
timber to waste - and more than a thousand feet of it per acre, worth to him 
not less than $10 a thousand feet! That would have paid for three -fourths 


-3- 


SOUTHERN PINE - IN THE WAKE OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL (Concluded) 


of the logging cost, or as one man put it, have ypcapecinte the land about three 
times over," 

The woods sawyers in parts of the South have little by little been 
brought to bend their backs and cut low stumps, The local assertion of the 
operators that the negroes cannot be made to cut low stumps is only an alibi 
for the fact that the operators are making such extravagant profits that a 
possible saving of this sort is considered not worth bothering about. The 
same. wastefulness applies to the various other timber operations. 

Only slight concern is shown in regard to fire oy the negroes and 
native white "crackers." In the towns and cities there is a latent and rap- 
idly growing public sentiment by the more progressive business men: that the 
curse of burning must be stopped. The law is there on the books - it isa 
matter of changing the public attitude toward its enforcement. The high 
value of standing timber is working effectively toward keeping out fire - 
because it pays, 


BAD FIRE IN MASSACHUSETTS 


The Cape Cod region of Massachusetts was the scene of a bad forest 
fire recently which burned over an area of more than 15,000 acres. State 
Fire Warden Hutchins characterized the fire as the worst individual fire that 
Massachusetts has had in years. 

The growth burned was mostly scrub i and pitch pine, The big ob- 
stacle the authorities had to contend with was the back-firing by natives who 
stick to the old methods of fire fighting despite efforts to convert them to 
more modern plans, Being so near Boston the fire attracted more than ordinary 
attention, 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


Mr, Joseph C, Kircher of District 3 has returned from Rio de Janeiro, where 
he represented the Forest Service at the Brazilian Centennial Exposition, 

Mr. Kircher was in Brazil for nine months and while there learned many inter- 
esting things concerning the Brazilian lumber industry. One of his articles 
is appearing in this issue of the SERVICE BULLETIN. Mr, Kircher is again on 
duty at D-3 headquarters. . 


Some Good P, R,. Work, - District 2 furnished nearly all of the vacation and 
recreation material published in’ the annual recreation issue ofthe Pueblo, 
Colorado, Chieftain. Maps, pictures,-and reading matter were combined to 
make an exceptionally attractive layout. Many good articles were also pub- 
lished in a recent issue of the Rocky Mountain News. 


Mattoon Studies Conditions in South: Mr. W. R, Mattoon of Forest Management 
has returned from Georgia and South Carolina where he was poe in forestry 
extension work in six counties. 


Lots of Authors in the U. S&S. F. 8. Have Forest Service folks been active 
recently in spreading the good word to all those who would read? Most em- 
phatically yes! Listen to this: In the June 6 issue of. the OFFICIAL RECORD 
under the heading "Articles in Current Publications by Department Workers" 

27 articles were mentioned, 16 of which were written by Forest. Service people, 
That 16 represents 60 per cent. Not so bad for one bureau out of the entire 
Department. Why not keep the pot boiling? 


South Carolina Women Active in Forestry.--To paraphrase a great educator: 


"What you would have in the State you must first put into the -- women's cluos. 
As a result of the conference called by the Governor in Octover, the formation 
of a State Forestry Association, and the cooperation of the State Federation 
of Women's Clubs with the Forest Service representative sent to the State on 
the Governor's invitation last winter, a resolution endorsing forestry and 
forestry legislation for the State, presented to the annual-convention of the 


Ma i 


WASHINGTON NOTES (Concluded) 


Federation in April, was unanimously adopted oy that representative and in- 
fluential body. The State Farm Woman's Council is now in correspondence 
with the Forest Service, looking toward cooperation, which seems to indicate 
that the women of the State are to play the game to a finish. D-S-E 


TREE MANUALS ARE WELL RECEIVED 


W, R. Mattoon, engaged in farm forestry extension work under Forest 
Management, has received a great many commendations by reason of his work in 
the preparation of popular forest tree manuals published by tne State For- 
estry Departments of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee, by 
the State Department of Education for Delaware, and by the American Forestry 

Association for the District of Columbia. 

The manuals contain descriptive texts of the more common forest trees 
and are attractively illustrated by cuts, mostly from original drawings by 
Mrs, Annie Hoyle of Engineering, who has won considerable honor heretofore ~ 
as an artist. 

A manual is expected soon for Kentucky, published by the State Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, and others are in preparation for South Carolina and 
Georgia to be published in each case by the Agricultural Extension Services 
of the State Colleges of Agriculture. 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


Sunken Logs Being Raised: Timber mining is generally a term of reproach, 
but under certain circumstances it may instead be one which the most ardent 
conservationist could use in praise. A latter-day timber-mining business is 
that of raising sunken logs, and recent correspondence indicates that at least 
one Wisconsin firm expects to obtain timber oy reclaiming such material. 
Without doubt there are many millions of sound white pine logs in the 
log-driven streams of the Lake States, Other huge quantities of pine are in 
southern streams; one stream alone is estimated to contain over four billion 
feet, Much of this timber may finally find its way to market; it is known 
that one mill already gets a large share of its output of 50,000 a day fro 
this source, 


What is D&CM, or ECM, or E&CB1IS? What are the abbreviations of the ordinary 
terms used by the lumber industry? We probably know what S4S means or Sel, 
or T&G, out could we tell what Shlp. calls for or what is wanted when ESM or 
S25éM appear in the specifications? 

These terms and 150 or more others are defined in Technical Note 192, 
Standard Abbreviations, which has just been issued by the Laboratory. This 
publication has aroused much interest in the lumber trade and several re- 
Quests for large quantities of it have been received. 


DISTRICT 1 - NORTHERN DISTRICT 


Important Meeting of Montana Lumbermen and Foresters: Last week witnessed 


so far as is known the first congregation of lumbermen and foresters of Mon- 
tana for the purpose of discussing Montana Forestry problems. 

The meeting was attended by prominent lumbermen from the Kalispell and 
Missoula regions, representatives from the Forest Service, members of the 
Montana Forest School, the State Forester and E, T. Allen of the Western For- 
estry & Conservation Association. It lasted a day and a half, and some of 
the subjects discussed were Forest taxation, possible by-products from Mon- 
tana's lumber industry, Montana Forest Economics, State Legislation and the 
National Forestry situation. Out of the meeting grew a Forest Policy Com- 
mittee in which are represented the Forest Protective Associations and Lumber 
Manufacturing Associations of the State, the University and the State For- 
ester, and the Forest Service, also a committee representing these agencies 
for the purpose of carrying on necessary informational work along Forestry 
lines, 


! 
Wi 
{ 


DISTRICT 1 - (Concluded) 


While the attendance was not large, all the big stumpage owners of 
the State were represented, and the standing committees are placed in good 
condition to do effective work for the future. 


White Pine Prices Way Up: The Coeur d'Alene Forest is still getting record 
prices for white pine. A recent small sale of 50 M. feet was made at the 
rate of $14.25 per M. Another recent sale of one million feet of white pine 
brought $9.50. 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Insect Control Operations have been initiated on the San Isabel Forest, this 
work to be done largely on the Greenhorn District. A year ago we had what 
appeared to be about the most serious infestation that we have had in the 
District in recent years, as many as 45 trees being killed in one group. It 
appears, however, that the damage is decreasing since the largest number of 
trees found killed this spring, in one group, is only 13, With the effective 
control work which is being undertaken, the infestation should be reduced to 
normal this year. 


The Delta County Livestock Association recently held its annual meeting at 
Delta with a representative attendance of various livestock interests, That 
section of Colorado is probabiy in worse condition, from the livestock stand- 
point, than any other in the State, due to the fact that a good many stock- 
men have farms and last year made pretty heavy investments in the growing 

of potatoes. There was practically no market for tnem and a great many under- 
took to feed them to cattle as a partial substitute for hay, which was a short 
crop last year, A great many car loads of potatoes were fed out in this way 
which cost the feeders 5¢ to 10¢ per cwt. Incidentally, they found that po- 
tatoes made a very good substitute for hay and the cattle did well on them 
with one feeding of hay per day. The range, fruit and crop prospects, so 

far, are good in that locality for 1923. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


More Than Twice as Many: Ancient document discloses that Gila payroll had 
many more names in early days than now. A circular dated duly 1, 1910, which 
has just been brought to light from the closed files according to the Gila 
Bulletin shows the forest organization as having at that time 29 members. 
W.H.B, Kent was Supervisor and Henry Woodrow was a Forest Guard, The super- 
visor's staff consisted of three men. There were three clerks, three rangers, 
nine assistant rangers, two forest guards, one laborer, one janitress and 

six field assistants. The present permanent force of the Gila numbers eleven © 


persons, 


Secretary's Visit Shown in Film: When Secretary Wallace visited Tucson, 
Arizona, during his southwestern trip, an honorary degree was bestowed upon 


him by the University of Arizona. The ceremony was filmed by a local motion © 
picture photographer and the film has just been released. In addition to 
being shown in a motion picture house in Tucson it is expected that it will 
be included in some one of the national weekly news reels. 


New Stunt in Lightning: One evening last year Ranger Brown of the Coconine 
had a lightning storm. It was too late to detect any smokes but he was satis- 


fied that the storm had set a good many fires. So he saddled up and arranged 
for 20 men to be on deck at appointed places bright and early next morning. 


And next morning there were 20 fires reported, All were held down to Class 


Aas to a result of this well-timed and well-judged precaution. 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Photography As She Is Pictured: A short time ago we received a bunch of 


very fine pictures from the Uinta, One of them, according to the descrip- 
tion, represented Nebo Ranger Station. The picture, however, showed two 
very good looking young ladies on horseback, no Ranger Station being vis- 
ible. Maybe this was a mistake in describing the picture, and maybe it 
was another case of a peculiar thing.we find in our photographic work. 

No matter what a picture really shows,.we try to get an official sounding 
title for it. Don't be afraid of taking pictures of pretty girls on horse-~- 
back and calling the picture by its right title. You are supposed to take 
technical pictures of all kinds, and these really fall into the class of 
technical PR pictures, Consider their usefulness. Such pictures are fine 
for recreational talks when made into lantern slides, They lend a human 
touch to newspaper and magazine articles, and they make an excellent open- 
ing wedge for more serious pictures, While a man is hypnotized by the 
beautiful ladies you can soak him with a picture showing good brush dis- 
posal, erosion, or almost anything else, and catch him while he is still 
under the spell, 


Payette Ranger Meeting: The Payette Ranger meeting held recently at Cas- 
cade was a very successful meeting and the results were so gratifying that 
it is hoped this will prove to be only the first of many similar meetings 
on other Forests. The first. day was spent in the office in a general 
analysis of problems connected with fire and with grazing administration. 
The second day the Rangers were in the field, On the third day the entire 
party went into the west side timber where a sample plot was marked and 
estimated in the typical mixed stand of Douglas fir, larch, lowland fir, 
western yellow pine and Engelman spruce found in these mountains. The 
chief problem discussed was the removal of the W they 18 firs especially un- 
merchantable and diseased trees. On the fourth SY o8t°S a sample plot in 
lodgepole pine in Big Creek, 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 
KING IN ALL BUT NAME 


Ranger Price of the Sierra fills perhaps one of the most unique 
District Ranger jobs in the Service, His territory, the Pineridge District, 
has only 113,000 acres, but he has a volume of business that makes up for 
the difference. His headquarters is in the town of Big Creek, a year-round 
Special Use town of from 1500 ta 2500 inhabitants. The town has department 
stores, pool halls, butcher shop, hotels, garages, art shop, lumber yard, 
school and power houses, In fact, it's a live town with all the frills, 

It has street lights, sewer and water system. The school has four teachers 
and about 100 pupils. It is the headquarters for the construction work of 
the Southern California Edison's Big Creek Project, on which about $15, 000,- 
000 is spent annually, A railroad runs through the District, the terminus 
being at Big Creek, There are five sawmills operating on Government timber, 
beside the large amount cut by the Power Company for construction purposes. 
Beside the Special Uses at Big Creek, Price handles the Huntington Lake 
recreational area, which has about 400 summer homes, four resorts, one saw- 
mill, boat houses, Steele Normal School and three large public camps, Travel 
to this area is so heavy that at times Price has to put on a control between 
Big Creek and Huntington Lake. The Methodist Conference has a Special Use 
for a Chautauqua, where they entertain thousands of people every summer, 
Price is the Mayor and autocrat of this domain, and is called upon to settle 
all the ills of his people. 


NEW MUNICIPAL CAMP FOR ANGELENOS 


The Los Angeles Playground Department has applied for a permit for 
a 200-acre Municipal Camp near Mammoth on the Inyo Forest, making the fourth 
camp established by Los Angeles - 2 on the Angeles and one on Catalina 


-~7- 


DISTRICT 5 (Concluded) 


Island. Incidentally this Inyo Forest Camp will be over “300 miles from 
Los Angeles, thus showing that in D-5 at least distance from a National 
Forest doesn't cut much figure when a municipality wants: ‘a good camp site. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT _.. Ce 


Technical Assistants Hold Successful Conference av Portland. Called together 
by District ‘Forester Cecil, the technical assistants from the 22 National 
Forests of Oregon and Washington, held a successful 4-day conference in : 
Portland, April 2-5, 1923, the first” meeting of its kind ever held in’ the 
District, if not in the United States, 

In his opening remarks the District Forester welcomed the men and 
expressed his appreciation of the work they are doing in the District. The 
program for the four days was devoted to the consideration of technical’ 
forestry problems, each member of the conference ieading in the discussion 
of one or more of the topics, which included the Wind River Experiment Sta- 
tion, planting, tree diseases, insect epidemics, timber surveys, management 
plans, appraisals, yellow pine and Douglas fir silviculture, National Forest 
policy and minimum silvicultural requirements; and record of cut -over areas, 
The last day was devoted to land exchange topics. 

Valuable as the more formal sé ssions of ‘the conference were, “it is 
believed that the best result of the ‘conference came from the opportunity 
it offered for the men from different parts of’ the District to rub shoulders y 
and get better acquainted, ‘see one another's problems, and realize the mag- 
nitude of the work on which they are engaged . How seriously ‘the men take 
their work was shown by reading between the lines in the meeting when | each » 
member of the conference told his ideas, of the technical man ' s Plage; in ‘the 
Forest organization. 

It is believed that Secastonat meetings of this sort’ will do «much to 
awaken the zeal for service of the old fighting days, and develop an esprit 
de corps that will carry forestry | successfully..through the,all important 
period during which the privately-owned timberlands are being brought under 
scientific eae Meee 


DISTRICT 8 - ALASKA DISTRICT 


A New Forest Service Activity: On May 14 while the Forest Service Launch 
"Weepoose" was provisioning at Juneau, the Prohibition Enforcement Officer . 
for Alaska, Mr, A, G. Means, was granted permission by District Forester 
Flory to use the launch in catching a liquor boat due to arrive that night. 
Under command of Captain Ed. Thompson and with the P, EO; ie on board, the 
Weepoose left for the entrance of Gastineau Channel during the evening, and . 
there spent a tong, tiresome night lying in wait for the expected "rum- 
runner." 

Before sey the "Daisy" hove in sight towing a. skiff, which was in- 
mediately cut loose as soon as the "Weepoose" searchlight was turned on her. 
After boarding the P84 8% 00 the skiff was recovered and found to contain.: ‘ 
five kegs of moonshine, ~The threé men arrested on board are now in jail. 
awaiting trial, while the "Daisy" will probably be confiscated. By captur- 
ing this boat the fox farmers of Southeastern Alaska have, been greatly. : 
benefited, as the boats’History is notoriously one of modern pirating ana 
poaching among the fox islands: in this vicinity. - H.S. : ; 


ake 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol, VII, No. 26 Washington, D, C. June 25, 1923, 


A LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTATION IN MARYLAND 
C. R, Tillotson, Washington 


A short time ago the Washington Section of the Society of American 
Foresters listened to a very entertaining and instructive talk by Assistant 
State Forester J. A, Cope of Maryland, Mr. Cope's subject was loblolly pine 
in Maryland and dealt with this tree in its aspects of growth, reproduction, 
and utilization. The story he told of growth, yields from thinnings and the 
like, was, to say the least,an eye-opener to most of the men in Washington 
in that it indicated that loblolly pine is a very exceptional tree upon good 
soil within its natural range. 

During the field trip which the Washington Section of the Society took 
on May 19, an opportunity was given the men to look over a loblolly pine planta- 
tion near Bowie, Maryland. This particular location is not within the optimum 
range of the species, but the site chosen for planting was rather good in so 
far as loblolly pine is concerned in that it was flat, rather low, and in con- 
sequence moist. It is, in fact, a good red gum site, which indicates its 
quality. 

In May, 1911, the State Forester planted 1500 loblolly pine plants 
spaced six feet apart in rows, and an equal number of scrub pine (Pinus 
virziniana) in alternate rows with the loblolly. The area planted was slightly 
over two acres, The loblolly was two years old when set out, When examined 
on May 19 the loblolly trees were 30 to 4O feet tall, and varied from about 
four to seven inches in diameter, Assistant State Forester Cope had made care- 
ful measurements of the plantation a year or so ago, and his figures indicated 
that the plantation had grown at an average of two cords per acre per year, 

The loblolly pine was about twice,the size of the serub pine, and the latter 
species was badly overtopped and the trees are certain to die withim the mext 
few years, After seeing the plantation, anyone would feel just as sanguine 


as Mr, Cope concerning the possibilities of loblolly pine upom suitable sites 
in Maryland, 


AN EXAMPLE OF HOW RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INCREASES THE VALUE OF NATIONAL 
FOREST LAND 
By Ly A. Barrett .- D.-5 


Twelve years ago when I first visited the Laguna Mountains on the 
Cleveland National Forest, the wonderful recreation area now known all over 
Southern California was accessible only by trail and its many charms were 
practically unknown to even the residents of San Diego County. A big cattle 
company which owned most of the meadow land monopolized the entire mountain 
while three settlers who had squatted on the land before its inclusion in the 
National Forest eked out a mere existence with a few stock and a little farming, 

At this time the privately owned land on the mountain was assessed at 
$1 per acre and Uncle Sam would have been lucky could he have sold his holdings 
here for an average of $10 per acre, 

But those were the days when automobiles were coming into use; people 
were getting out more into the mountains and gradually this region became 
known to the outside world, First a bunch of "would be" homesteaders attempted 


to acquire the land under the Forest Homestead Act, but realizing even then 
its high recreation value the writer assisted in reporting upon the area and 
after taking care of the three squatters the rest of the Government land on 
the mountain was very properly classified as non-listable because of its high © 
value to the public for recreation purposes, Soon after this came an insistent 
demand for a good road to the area, and some 5 years ago the entire mountain 
wag Made accessible by a l4-mile Forest Service road which cost approximately 
$50,000, Following this was a topographic survey of all National Forest land; 
and 500 summer home sites, several public camps, sites for resorts, semi- 
public organizations, etc,, were laid out, and a definite plan of development 
put into effect, . 

And what is the result of all this? Today there are 200,000 people 
who live within 100 miles of the Laguna Recreation Area, It is accessible 
over fine State, County and Forest Service roads, Last year 13,000 people 
camped here and there were.in addition the families and friends of 75 summer 
home permittees, To the people of Imperial Valley it is a haven of refuge 
during the hot months on the desert. And although used solely for recreation 
purposes, here is what the figures show on increase in value, 

Twelve years ago, Lee Morris (one of the squatters) could not have sold 
out for $10,an acre. Last January he sold his "ranch" for $100 an acre and he 
now says he made a mistake in not asking $125 an acre, This ranch is to be 
made into a big resort, Now Uncle Sam owns 3500 acres of this same kind of lan 
in the recreation area and he could easily sell it for $100 or more an acre, 
Here is an increase in value of 1000% in 12 years due to recreational develop 
ment, Can any other Forest Use except water power show such a figure? 


t\ 


PAUL BUNYAN'S EXPLOITS - (Continued) 
Chapter TI, 
Origin of Sour Dough Creek 


For the first time the origin of the name Sour Dough Creek as applied 
to the latter-day Mississippi is determined, Ranger Bunyan, being fond of 
sour dough biscuits, kept his batter in a wooden pail, made of a redwood silo 
with a bail at the top, 

Once while Paul was absent for twenty-seven days at a forest fire in 
Saskatchewan, one of his hungry thickens, rustling for feed, upset the pail; 
and the dough, pouring forth ic a torrent and ever rising, inundated the 
present Mississippi Basin from the Rockies eastward, It completely buried 
the immeasurable redwood forests that covered the entire basin and literally 
suffocated them, Hence the treeless plains. Paul, taking all small mishaps 
jovially, christened the main stream Sour Dough Creek, 


Chapter Tut. 
Paul's Unique Fire-Fighting Scheme, 


Ranger Bunyan's chief duty in summer consisted of fire-patrol, He 
had made a unique device for extinguishing forest fires, the rude plan of 
whith is among the documents recently found, Briefly, his method was to 
project a powerful stream of compressed air, which he carried in special 
kyacks, through a spiral tube straight upwards, The air, emerging, retained 
its spiral direction and created a whirlwind, which drew all the flames and 
embers far up into the sky, where they raged harmlessly. 

Hence the northern lights, commonly know as the aurora poréalis, which 
have never hitherto been adequately explained, With the progress of civiliza- 
tion, the atmosphere has lost this property of being projected as a spiral 
stream so as to form an artificial whirlwind, With the result that in later 
ages crude and laborious methods of fire-fighting have had to be adopted. 

[ To Be Continued ] 


COOPERATION BRINGS RESULTS 
The New York State College of Forestry, Syracuse University, in an 


announcement concerning the tree planting exercises held recently at East 
Aurora, New York, states: 


aL 


"It was the first time that farmers and the game clubs of any extensive 
community had cooperated in planting trees, These two interests have been at 
least tacitly antagonistic in the Empire State, The farmer and the hunter, 
however, have a mutual interest, one in the growing of trees for the market 
on his woodlot, and the other for providing cover for game, These two in- 
terests have been focused at East Aurora on a large tree planting work, The 
game Clubs obtained 25,000 trees from the State and offered to plant them free 
of charge, from 500 to 1,000 trees on the land of any farmer who would set 
aside such sufficient ground, 

The young people's organizations of the city did the planting, The 
work began at seven o'clock in the morning and was continued throughout the 
day until the 25,000 trees had been placed in the ground, 2,000 trees were 
also planted on the city watershed, This was done in thirty minutes, Dean 
Franklin Moon of the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse gave a 
short talk on forestry and helpéd supervise the planting. 

This innovation proved such a success that already applications have 
been filed thru the officials of the game club by the farmers who owm woodlots 
and waste land in the vicinity of East Aurora, for 109,000 young trees to be 
planted next year, The success of this new scheme of cooperative planting 
Dean Moon believes will eventually reach other localities. 

'The ease and practicability of reforesting waste land under this plan', 
said Dean Moon, fought to find general adoption throughout the country, and 
become a great stimulus to the reforestation movement, "! 


FOREST LEGISLATION ACCOMPLISHED IN 1923 IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 
F, B, Kellogg,-Snoqualmie, 


ln ee 


As a direct result of the Forestry Conference at Seattle, the nucleus i 
of a real forest policy for the State of Washington has been established and 
two very important laws enacted at the redent session of the legislature, 

The organization of the Forestry Conference is due to Dean Winkenwerder 
of the College of Forestry and the Resolutions Committee, chiefly responsible 
for the formulation of policies and drafting of laws, is composed of the follows 
ing members, 

Chas. W. Saunders, Chairman, House of Representatives, B,.P, Kirkland, 
Professor of Forestry, U. of W., Henry Landes, Dean College of Science, U, of W., 
G, C, Joy, Washington Forest Fire Assn.,R. L. Fromme, Supervisor of the 
Olympic Forest, Frank B, Kellogg, Forest Examiner, U.S.F.S,, A. B. Nystrom, 

King County Agricultural Agent, Donald H, Clark, Secy., Rite Grade Shingle Assn, 

The forest fire legislation recommended was passed with some amendments, 
It provides a penalty for the violation of any of the orders, rules, or regula- 
tions made for the purpose of forest protection by the State, It attempts to 
do away with the depredations done within retent years on young growth for 
Christmas tree purposes by providing a penalty for such cutting, It requires 
all railroads operating trains through forested districts to provide speeder 
patrol and requires every one operating a stationary engine to clear forest 
material around the ‘setting and to take other specific precautions against the 
spread of fire, It also makes it a misdemeanor for any person during the closed 
season to throw away any lighted tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, matches, fire 
crackers, or other lighted material in any Forest region of the State, 

The Reforestation Bill provides for a State Forest Board to consist of 
the Governor, the State Land Commissioner, the Dean of the College of Forestry 
of the University of Washington, the Director of the Department of Conservation 
end Development and the State Forester, This board is authorized to issue 
Public Utility Bonds in a sum not to exceed $200,000 for the first biennium, 
for the purchase of logged off lands for reforestation purposes, It is also 
authorized to designate any of the present State owned lands more suitable for 
Forestry than for other purposes as State Forests, and to make rules and rezv- 
lations for reforestation and continuous forest production, This will secure 
proper management of the State Forest which now amount to about a million acres 
of commercial mature forests. 


se 


It was not possible to pass mich in the matter of taxation except 
through the enactment of a constitutional amendment; as the ‘Vashington 
State Constitution is very restrictive, <A bill with which the conference 
vas in accord, providing for a constitutional amendment, and for centraliza- 
tion of the euthority in the State for surdoses of supervising and equalizing 
the work of the County Assessors, was introduced, passing the House, but 
failing to pass the Senate. 

Other matters vassed by the Conference or its members include two 
Memorials to Congress. One of these petitions Congress to provide protectior 
for 750,000 acres of the unreserved forest lands of the Public Domain in the 
State of washington and better protection for the 1,250,000 acres of Indian 
Reservation Forest land, which receives only inadequate protection at the 
present time. The other petitions Congress to continue the appropriations 
of 1921 and 1922, aiding the Stetes in the construction and maintenance of 
roads and trails within and neer the National Forests, 


FOREST RECREATION IN THE BRITISH ISLES. 
By Jno. D. Guthrie, D-6. 


Interest in forestry in the British Isles has increased enormously 
Since the war, The ancient Royal Forests of England, for centuries regerded 
as the hunting grounds of the King, contributed their share of necessary war 
material in the form of wood. The cutting of the ancient trees, many by 
American lumber-jacks (the New England Sarmill Units) served to bring home, 
as nothing else could, the fact that the British Isles covld end should grow 
more timber; also, that the growing of wood crops was not inconsistent with 
the use of forests as parks and recreation grounds by the public, 
Mr, John P, Trant, the British Consul at Portland, has made a study 
of and report on the.use for recreation.purposes of the National Forests of 
the United States, He has been much impressed by the fact that although the 
National Forests of the United States were set aside primarily for timber 
production and watershed protection that recreation use has been found to be 
entirely practicable and that such use has grown to large proportions, Due 
to the awakening of interest in forests and forestry in Great Britain, he 
feels that such a report should be most helpful to his home government as 
offering practical suggestions for making the forests (lands for which are 
now being acquired and afforested) of Great Britain not only produce wood but 
serve as recreation grounds for the British people. | 

The Portland office of Public Relations has supplied him with typical 
specimens of the printed material issued by the Forest Service dealing with 
recreation on the National Forests as well as a large amount of data on fores 
conservation and protection. 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


Boosting the Boosters: 


The following are extracts from letters received in Publication from 
school teachers who are cooperating in the use of lantern slides and school 
exhibits: 


Vandererift, Pa,, May 11, 1923. 


"We used them (wood exhibits) in a class of natural science ywhich 
has become interested in tree life. As a result we planted six hundred young 
trees this spring.” 

Ada M, Boyce, 


Burlington, N, J., Mareh 9, 1923, 


"The slides have been so valuable, so interesting, and so enjoyab 
that I am constrained to thank the Department of Forestry for the service the 
have given me, a public school teacher. They have brought into the life of 
the children, tne fact that the United States Government is ready and willing 
to help them learn the geography of their own country, so we all thank you fo 
this opportunity to see, and for the pleasure of seeing the many sets of slide 
that have been sent to us, ’ 
sare S. Rainear, 


wlies ia 


Ann Arber, Mich., May 8, 1923. 


"We congratulate you on the splendid service which you are 
rendering the schools of the country through this material (slides and 
exhibits)." 

Edith M, Bader 


Flint Was Author of Article:- Authorship of the article in the SERVICE 
BULLETIN for May 28, "Relation of Improvement Crews to Cost of Held Line", 
was erroneously accredited to District Forester Morrell. Credit should 
have been given to Howard R, Flint, District Forester Inspector in charge 
of Fire Prevention, 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


Is This the Kind of House We Must Use? Under the title "More Help for Home 
Builders" a writer in the May 5 Collier's Weekly describes some small house 
innovations intended to save costs. He eliminates the attic and the cellar, 
and instead of a partition of ordinary construction recommends one constructed 
as follows: 

Along a beam where the partition is to go are hung lengths of jute 
scrim like the material of burlap bags, The edges are -basted together by 
twine with a bagzing needle, At door openings and at. walls, as well as at 
top and bottom, the scrim is attached with ordinary staples, Thus a curtain 
is formed. Now two plasterers, one on each side, go to work, facing each 
| other, and put on the first rough coat, each working against the other, If 
| only one plasterer is available, a laborer can hold a board up for him to 
work against. The curtain of plaster now mst hang plumb, like a pendulun, 
The bottom hangs in the baseboard, When the first coat is dry two more are 
put on in the regular way. And that is all there is to the Flagg partition, - 
all lath and lumber and a great deal of labor are eliminated, 

He says that partitions like these have been used for several years 
in New York apartment houses. 

Laboratory engineers are inclined to question the strength of such a 
wall, As one said, "Wonder how long such walls would last where college 
students room and rough—house, " ; 


DISTRICT 2 — ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Fires in Minnesota and Michigan were put under control outside of the Forest 
boundaries early in June and practically extinguished within the Forests. 

The loss within the interior Forest boundaries will be particularly light 

as practically all of the serious fires were outside, However, in considera- 
tion of the size of the fires and the very unfavorable weather conditions, 
the danger for the period of a week or more was very grave. Forest Inspector 
Kelley and District Forest Inspector McLaren were on the ground for some time 
and made a careful study of conditions with the hope of increasing the ef- 
ficiency of general preventive methods in the future, 


School Children Have Forest Float in Pageant: Early in June all the Perent— 
Teachers Associations of Denver held a rally day. One of the conspicuous 
features of the day was a pageant in which each school in the city represented 
some county of the State, 63 in all. One school had a float for the San 
Isabel Forest, The Forest Service Mak tte the float. representing the 

San Isabel to illustrate the importarzice of care with fire. It is significant 
of progress that the school considered the Forest as representative of this 
County which is one of unusual size and wealth in Colorado. 


Drought in Nebraska Broken; The drought on the Nebraska Forest was broken by 
| @& series of heavy rains the latter part of May, the precipitation on May 21, 
- being 1,75, on the 22nd, 1.30, on the 23rd, 2,14 and on the 27th, 1.00. The 
total up to May 29th, was 7.98 inches for May, which is a record breaker, 


5- 


) 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


Big Timber Sale: The largest sale in District 3 in many months was consummated | 
Jone 1 when the District Office approved a contract with the Saginaw & Manistee 
Iumber Company for 15 million feet mostly western yellow pine saw timber, at 
$3 per thousand, This timber is located on the Tusayan and Coconino Forests 
and is intermixed with some 40 million feet of stumpage owned by the Saginaw — 
& Manistee Company. Cutting will proceed at a rapid rate and the entire unit 
will doubtless be cut out within two years. 


Detonating Ford: Ranger Warnock of the Manzano tells of one more use for a 
Ford in the "Ranger" the news letter of his forest and since Fords have a 
rather general distribution about the country if other methods fail it should 
still be possible to fire the blast, Says Warnock, "Ground one wire to the 
frame and touch the other to the magneto post of a running Ford motor. Bang! 
That's. the way to set off shots electrically without a detonating machine," : 


Contrast: Everywhere about the forests nowadays one meets forest officers in 

uniform, The uniform sets them out in an appearance that is both neat and di 
tinctive, It is a sharp contrast to the time a few years back when Assistant 
District Forester Waha attended a ranger meeting on the Alamo in uniform, Old 
timers tell about a certain ranger there who remarked that he wouldn't mind 

having a uniform so very much but he would hate to try to get around in those 
choke—bore breeches that ‘"Wahoc" was wearing, 


The Spell is Broken: There has been a more or less general feeling that it is 
difficult if not almost impossible to organize stock associations on Districts 
where the permittees largely consist of Spanish-speaking people. Supervisor 
Loveridge has put across in the last two months the organization of eleven 
stock associations adhering closely to allotment lines and pretty well scatter=— 
ed over the Carson Forest. The mere fact that these associations are organized 
and beginning to do business is a step forward and should go a long way to | 
break the spell and encourage efforts for similar organizations wherever needed,’ 


DISTRICT 4 ~ INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Boise to the front: Two sales totaling 30,590 M B, M., chiefly yellow pine, 
and located on Clear Creek drainage near Pioneerville, have just been advertised 
and sold to the Boise Payette Lumber Company, The stumpage rates received are? 
for yellow pine, $2.50; Douglas fir, $1.00; other species, $.75. 
Guard Training 

Mr, Raphael has just returned from the guard training school held at 
McCall, Idaho. While he was there he also went over the road and trail prog 
of the Idaho Forest with Supervisor Watts. At the guard training school 3c 
Guards and § District Rangers were present. The training course was well 
planned and ran very smoothly. It opened up with talks by Watts, French and 
Raphael, followed by a reading and careful explanation of the trail plan for 
the Forest, particularly emphasizing its connection with the fire plan, This 
was followed by a day of field work, in which the Guards were divided into 
four groups, each under a Ranger. One group studied fire detection from look 
out points and the use of the compass; the second groupv studied methods of 
estimating the size of areas burned over; the third, the construction of fire 
lines; and the fourth, emergency telephone line construction and trouble shoot= 
ing on telephone lines, Later, Mr, Raphael talked about the proper attitude ~ 
for Guards to take toward their work, and discussed trail work, including 
standards, location, and correlation with the fire plan. The course was some= 
what hampered by very bad weather, two inches of snow falling in McCall last 
Saturday. The men had lots of interest in their work, and looked like a fine 
bunch of men, 


“@ | 


3 Some Speedy Shericels Holmes Stuff 


An automovile party, speeding joyously along the Montpelier+Afton road 

_ late at night, failed to take a sharp turn, and the car went over the bank, 
In getting tack out of the mcd they pulled up a Forest Service sign in order 
“to use the post as a lever, After getting out they failed to put the post 
| back, Supervisor Sanford put Ranger Nelson on the trail, He found out who 

“the culprits were, Today a draft for $10 has been received in the District 
Office as payment for property trespass in pulling up a Forest Service sign. 
The trespass ee June 3, the payment was received here June &. 


Big Iumber Business 

The Monthly Review of Business Conditions in the Twelfth Federal Reserve 
District states that in April the lumber business in the District, which includes 
Arizona, California, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Nevada, was the highes 
for any month in the past three years, and for the first time since November 
1922 the mills produced more lumber than they sold or shivped. Some stocks of 
green lumber have been accumulated on this account, although the holdings of the 
mills are still considerably below normal, ‘The production amounted to about 646 
million BFt, The heaviest buying is reported from North Atlantic Coast markets, 
“with South Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin next in the order named, Who said 
inexhaustible timber supply in the Lake States? 


DISTRICT 5 ~ CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Governor Signs Forestry Legislation 

That section of the State law relating to the setting of fires and the 
equipment to be used on engines operated on areas where there is danger of fire 
was not changed during the last session of the California legislature, An | 
additional section was added requiring certain equipment on all engines used 
in the woods, This provides that inflammable material, including snags, shall 
| be Cleared from an area at least 100 feet in radius around the engine, and that 
@ pump and 200 feet of 1 1/4" hose, together with seven shovels and three axes, 
shall be kept on each engine for fire. fighting vurposes. The section omits the 
“redwood region, This measure will be of great value in preventing fires from 
logging equipment, as it requires essentially the Forest Service procedure upon 
privately-owned lands. This measure becomes a law about June 20, as it was 
Sisned by the Governor a few days ago. 
a Another bill provides that private individuals may give money to the 

State for the purchase of virgin redwood lands, and permits the condemnation 

of lands where the owner does not or will not sell. This will allow the ex- 
tension of the Humboldt Redwood Park by private purchase, as the State funds 
allotted two years ago have been practically exhausted. 

The Governor has also signed the insect control bill which, patterned 
after the Oregon law, will make possible compulsory cooperation of timberland 
owners to control the bark beetle, The work will vrobably be concentrated in 
the Modoc~Shaste region for the time being. 


King In All But Name 
Ranger Price of the Sierra fills perhaps one of the most unique District 

Ranger jobs in the Service. His territory, the Fineridge District, has only 
| 113,000 acres, but he has a volume of business that makes uv for the difference. 
| His headquarters is in the town of Big Creek, a year~round Special Use town of 
| from 1500 to 2500 irhabitants. ‘The town has department stores, pool halls, 
butcher shop, hotels, garages, art shop, lumber yard, school and power houses, 
) in fact, it's a live town with al! the frills, It has street lights, sewer and 
| weter system. The school has four teachers and about 100 pupils. It is the 
| headquarters for the construction work of the Southern California Edison's Big 
| Creek Project, on which about $15,000,000 is spent annually. A railroad runs 
| throuzsh the District, the terminus being at Big Creek, There are five sawmills 
) Operating on Government timber, teside the large amount cut by the Power Company 

for construction purposes, Besice the Special Uses at Big Creek, Price handles 
the Huntington Lake recreational area, which has about 400 summer homes, four 
fzesorts, one sawmill, boat houses, puGe ie Normal School and three large public 
“femps, Travel to this area is ro heavy that at times Price has to put ona 
Control between Big Creek and Enbsneon Lake, The Methodist Conference has a 


| ing Use for a Chautauqua, where they entertain thousands of people every 
meine Pr, 


-{- 


Price is the Mayor and autocrat of this domain, and is called upon to 
settle all the ills of his people. The ordinary citizen does not realize that © 
there is any legal limitation to a Ranger's authority. He is even called upon 
to settle family disputes, and the kids are made to go to bed at night by 
threatening to call in the Ranger. His is an interesting and eventful life, and 
he is getting a good deal of joy out of it. . 


DISTRICT 6 — NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Red and Black Signs. 

The new black and red cardboard signs (both slogan and wolf) have an 
appeal to auto material dealers, garages, filling stations, state stations, 
and even department stores, as has been learned by offering some to these 
agencies. The signs are new, flashy, and will attract attention to any vindom 
hence the appeal, 


Radio Talks, 

District Officers have given a series of "Vacation Talks" during May and 
June in Portland over the Oregonian Radio Service, This service is estimated 
to reach 25,000 people, and have a radius of 1500 miles. uring June, July, 
and August a series of fire prevention and outdoor talks by members of the 
District Office will be given, 


Doing Double Duty. 

Three Portland papers will soon begin series of vacation articles dealing 
with trips on the D-6 National Forests, The Morning Oregonian will run a series 
of three Sunday supplements using the material from the revised Oregon Road and 
Recreation Map, and descriptive matter. The Portland Telegram will start a 
series of "Where to Go" articles, using the revised material from "Vacation 
Land", and the Oregon Journal will use liberally Forest Service material for a 
new "Outdoor Activities Department", 


DISTRICT 7 — BASTERN DISTRICT 


Management Plans for the Arkansas 

That the Arkansas has a practical management plan and is working it 
seems to have been effectively broadcasted throughout the surrounding region. 
In increasing numbers inquiries are being received from various parts of the 
State with regard to possibilities for timber purchase. 

Recently a Mr. England of Rison, Arkansas, called at the Hot Springs 
office, seeking a tract of timber containing 15,090,000 feet and bringing the 
information that his home county was entirely cut out. The Pioneer Cooperage 
Company of St, Louis has become very much interested in the purchase of some 
timber in the Mena working circle. This company is planning operations just ; 
outside of the Forest boundary. In the construction of their cooperage products 
they use material down to 8 inches in length, The representative of the 
company in discussing the Arkansas possibilities assured Suvervisor Plymale 
that their conservative methods of timber operation would be sweet music to 

our ears, : 
In the Arkansas Gazette 8,850,000 feet of timber is being advertised at 
a minimum rate of $6 per M and the Arkansas confidently expects that the bidding 
for this tract will be equally as spirited as on all of the sales made recently. 
Another inquiry regarding 3,000,000 feet of timber in the Hot Springs working 
circle is expected to result in selling at a good price, 


Resort Possibilities on the Pisgah Studied 

Col, J. H. Pratt and J, S. Holmes of the North Carolina Geological and 
Sconomic Survey, Forest Supervisor Rhoades, and Mr. F, A. Perley visited Mount 
Mitchell recently to discuss the best plans for resort development of the Mount 
Mitchell State Park and the Government land aromnd it. As a result Mr. Perley's 
company has applied for five acres on Commissary Ridge, below Mount Mitchell 4 
Penk, to be used for resort purposes. Five miles of the toll road have been 
macadamized this year. 


“Re 


serbice Bulletin 


¥ol. VIL, No. 27 Washington, D, C, July ee LIe5, 


SLASH DISPOSAL FXPERIMENT ON THE STANISLAUS FOREST 
C, BE, Dunston - Districts 


At last we are in a fair way to reach a determination as to whether 
or not a less expensive method of slash disposal than the usual practice of 
piling and burning it can be adopted safely and extensively on California 
timber sale areas, 

An experiment has been launched this season on the Standard Lumber 
Company's sale on the Stanislaus under which intensive fire protection will 
be substituted for brush piling and burning. 

If successful this experiment should result in: (1) a saving of re- 
production which is now destroyed by brush burning; (2) a saving in the cost 
of brush disposal on timber sale areas; (3) relieving the purchaser from 
the direct responsibility for the proper piling and disposal of the slash; 
and (4) the elimination of the d¢fficulties of brush burning due to wmfav- 
orable climatic conditions, 

The sale on which this experiment is being tried has been running 
since the summer of }921 and will probably be completed in 1925. Itisa 
donkey operation. This season there will be six sides and it is estimated 
that the cut will amount to 60,000,000 board feet, The type is yellow pine- 
sugar pine-white fir-incense cedar, The stand varies from 30 M to 4OM feet 
per acre with a good representation of thrifty immature trees and reproduc- 
tion, The cost of brush piling and burning last season was about 45¢ per M 
feet or from $10. to $13. per acre, 

Under a modification of the sale agreement the slash disposal section 
has been changed so as to provide that the purchaser will merely trim tops 
of limbs. In addition to making the regular payments for stumpage, the pur- 
chaser agrees to deposit from time to time such amounts as the Supervisor 
shall require to cover the cost of special fire protection measures on the 
sale area, These deposits may be required up to 1935, or ten years after 
the close of the sale. By that time, it is confidently believed that the 
slash will have become so decomposed as to no longer constitute an abnormal 
fire hazard, 

This modification of the agreement provides that the total amount 
deposited on this account shall not exceed the sum derived by multiplying 
the total scale of the timber cut from the sale area, after this plan takes 
effect, by 30¢ per M feet EM, and that not over two deposits not exceeding 
$4,000, each shall be required in any calendar year, In the event that the 
sums deposited exceed the cost of fire protective measures such excess shall 
be refunded to the purchaser at the end of the calendar year 1935. 

It also provides for a return to the original method of brush disposal 
at any time that the Forest Supervisor shall decide such procedure to be ad- 
visable. In such event, a joint estimate shall be made by the purchaser and 
the Forest Service of the timber cut on the area where slash has not been 
piled, and the purchaser shall make a full payment equal to the difference 
between this estimated cut multiplied by 30¢ per M féet EM and the total of 
deposits made under this modification of the agreement. 

The purchaser will furnish an indemnity bond not later than July 1, 
1924, guaranteeing the payments for fire protection during the years 1924 to 
1935 inclusive, The bond in effect in connection with the timber sale agree- 
ment will insure compliance with the provisions of this modification until 
such time as logging operations are completed. 


SLASH DISPOSAL EXPERIMENT ON THE STANISLAUS FOREST (Concluded) 


The Forest Service will handle every detail of the protection work 
including the hiring of all labor and the purchasing of all equipment. The 
protection plan provides for the clearing of a primary fire line 100 feet 
wide along the right-of-way of the logging railroad. The brush will be 
piled and burned on this fire line. A 4-foot strip will be cleaned to min- 
eral soil along the outer edge of the 100-foot fire line. Secendary lines 
will consist of logging trails. At each donkey setting logging trails will 
be cleared of slash to a width of 25 feet in sucg a manner that the area 
will be di¥ided into 4-acre blocks to a radius of 300 feet from the spar 
tree and 7-acre blocks for the remainder. The brush on these strips will 
be piledias logging progresses and burned in the fall. 

Primary fire control for 1923 will be handled by five special men 
under the direct supervision of the Forest officer in charge of the sale, 

A lookout will be stationed on a high point commanding an excellent view of 
the entire area, Two patrolmen will cover definite routes on a regular 
schedule. Two laborers will be employed to clear fire iines, pile brush 
and to attend to such other protection work as may be necessary. From 1924 
to 1929, inclusive, three patrolmen will be employed. From 1930 to 1935 it 
is believed that one patrolman will be sufficient. The plan covers in detail © 
such matters as the construction of special telephone lines, the installe- 
tion of a "Klaxon" signal system, and the purchase of tools, Evinrude pump, 
hose, and other special equipment. 

It is also planned to conduct a study on experimental plots to deter- 
mine: (1) the comparative rates of decay for piled and scattered slash under 
various conditions of exposure, soil moisture, size of branches, etc,; (2) 
the percentage of reproduction lost through burning of brush piles; (3) any 
other items which may arise during the progress of the experiment. 


GOING AHEAD WITH ARTIFICIAL REFORESTATION 
C,. R, Tillotson - Washingteon 


In the development of nursery and planting technique in the United 
States the Forest Service is well to the front. There is a constant effort 
on the part of the nurserymen in charge of Forest Service nurseries to better 
the methods, and this has resulted in the development of many innovations in 
nursery practice. The planting program is getting upon a solid foundation, 
and constant progress is being made toward the solution of planting diffi- 
culties, Lest we get the idea, however, and such is likely to happen to men 
who are more or less isolated and not aware of what is going on in other 
places, that we are perhaps the big tent of the circus in such operations, 

a word as to what is happening in other sections will not be amiss, 

The largest strictly forest tree nursery in the United States to-day 
is maintained by New York State, near Saratoga Springs. In this nursery, 
and a couple of others of smaller size, the State of New York expects to 
preduce within the course of the next year or two 15 to 20 million plants 
available for field planting annually. There will be no trouble in dispos- 
ing of these plants, A great deal of private planting is going on in the 
State, and the Conservation Commission itself will plant out on State lands 
any surplus which is not in demand by private planters. 

The State of Pennsylvania is in much the same situation, By 1925, 
Pennsylvania expects to produce 20 million forest treés annually for plant- 
ing within the State, As in the case of New York, there will be no diffi- 
culty in disposing of this many plants each year. The growing of so many 
plants, their distribution, and their field planting means that in these 
States also nursery practice and field planting methods have been developed 
to a high degree, 

An article in a recent number of the "Indian Forester" as to afforesta- 
tion in Korea is illuminating, Upon the annexation of Korea by Japan in 
1910, the Japanese Government came into possession of about 35 million acres 
of hill lands, Earnest efforts are being made by the Government to reforest 
by planting such of these lands as are in need of it. About 600,000 acres 
have already been planted, one-half directly by the Government, and the other — 


1 aa 


GOING AHEAD WITH ARTIFICIAL REFORESTATION (Concluded) 


by private individuals to whom the land is rented. At the present time, 
about 150 million seedlings per year are being planted at the rate of 1200 
to 2000 per acre, Such figures as these, and even the efforts of Pennsyl- 
vania and New York, make the Forest Service planting program seem rather 
insignificant in comparison. 


KELLETER BECOMES DIRECTOR OF PURCHASES AND SALES 


Paul D. Kelleter, for nearly 20 years a member of the Forest Service, 
is now Director of Purchases and Sales of the Department of Agriculture, 
having assumed his new duties on July l. 

In his new job Kelleter will be responsible for the general direc- 
tion and coordination of the purchases and sales of the Department both in 
Washington and in the field. He will also act as the Department's repre- 
sentative on the Federal Purchasing Board. 

Asking Kelleter for a little money to spend will be nothing new to 
Forest Service folks, for since 1920 he has been in the Washington office 
of the Branch of Operation, From 1918 to 1920 Kelleter was in Public Rela- 
tions. For 10 years prior to 1913 the Biack Hilis Forest was Kelleter's 
stamping grounds, where he hailed to the title of Supervisor, Before his 
Black Hills sojourn California claimed his services following his graduation 
from the Yale Forest School in 1904, 

The very best wisnes of the Forest Service go with Kelleter as he 
begins his new job as one of the Department's executive officers, - Editor. 


RECENT EUROPEAN FOREST LEGISLATION VERY STRICT 
By W. N. Sparhawk, Washington. 


Two European Goverrments have recently adopted regulatory laws which 
make the Capper Bill seem mild in comparison. 

Mecklenburg-Schwerin's law of March 10, 1923, provides that cut-over 
land must be restocked within three years; land already denuded which is 
suitable for forest production must be replanted; no further forest destruc- 
tion is permitted; owners of less than 25 hectares (62 acres) may manage 
their forests as they please, while the owner of a larger tract must obtain 
the approval of the authorities if he intends to cut over more than 4 per 
cent of the area in any one year. The owner of over 100 hectares (2U7 acres) 
must follow an approved working plan, under the guidance of a trained for- 
ester unless he himself can qualify as a forester, 

In Czechoslovakia owners who are not -operating under an approved 
working plan must notify the proper authorities four weeks in advance of 
intended cutting, Cutting is not to be allowed in stands less than 60 years 
old in case of high forest, or 20 years for coppice and mixed, The area 
cut over yearly may not exceed 1/00 of the total for tracts of high forest 
under 50 hectares (123 acres) in extent, or 1/ 30 for larger tracts; for cop- 
pice the limits are 1/20 and 1/30. 


CANNIBALISTIC. TROUT 
By W. C. Barnes, Washington 


There has always been considerable discussion among Forest officers 
as to the cannibalistic nature of the trout, Eastern brook trout being in- 
variably given a very hard name for their tendency to graze upon the young 
of other trout. 

This matter was recently taken up with the Bureau of Fisheries and 
the Forester was advised that: 

"Under equal conditions, the brook trout is no more cannibalistic 

than the rainbow and the black-spotted trouts, In some States, 

notably Montana, the Eastern brook trout spawns earlier in the 

year than do the others, and it is possible that the one and two 

inch brook trout that are planted do prey to some extent on the 

blacz-spotted or the rainbow which are smaller in ‘size at the 

time they are planted," 


-3- 


PAUL BUNYAN'S EXPLOITS (Continued) 


Chapter IV, 


Paul's Assistant Commits Slight Blunder. 


One day in the summer following the winter of the great freeze, 
Paul's chief fire lookout, Oliver Optic, reported a blaze covering some 
43 townships on the head of Sour Dough Creek. Paul sent Oliver, telling 
him to come back for help if the flames threatened to get out of bounds 
and approach the proportions of a Class B fire, This youth, being froma 
great eastern university, traveled 5 miles due east toward the fire; 
thence turning due south, traveled 14 days and 15 nights until one morning 
at dawn he struck the Brazos River in Texas. It was for this reason alone 
that the fire spread beyond control toward Hudson Eay and the Aleutian 
Islands, and was stopped only by a fire-iine cut in the Arctic ice-pack. 
Paul threatened to discharge the youth, but upon reflecting that all mor- 
tals err at times, he forgave him, 


Chapter V. 
The Extinction of the Mastodon. 


The year of the big fire on Sour Dough Creek was the year the polar 
bears, fleeing before the flames from their abode on that stream, turned 
white from fear, and never went south again, Another creature that inter- 
ested the entomologists of those times was the mastodon, which burrowed in 
the ground.and formed great colonies, much as prairie-dogs do to-day. In- 
deed the Entomological Survey estimated that 236 of those rodents consumed 
as much forage as an average cow in those days, and for this reason at- 
tempted to exterminate them. 

In vain, however. It was Paul Bunyan who devised the successful 
pian of scattering at the mouth of each burrow a handful of poisoned water- 
melons which the animals eagerly munched. Paul made a pet of the last sur- 
vivor, and the little animal trotted eagerly at his heels all day long, and 
was playful and affectionate, but died at an early age. 

This is the true account of how the mastodon became extinct - a 
' phenomenon hitherto unaccounted for by science, Needless to say, this ex- 
ploit brought fame to the Forest Service, and Paul was well liked by the 
cattle-barons. 

[To be Continued] 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


Australian Province To Develop School Forests. The Province of Victoria, 
Australia, has just approved of a project for developing school forests in 


connection with the public schools. Definite areas are to be set aside, 
upon which forests are to be planted by the pupils under supervision of an 
expert forester, Planting is to be done with pine at the rate of two acres 
a year for each tract, and it is expected that the two acres reaching matur- 
ity each year will yield returns of E 500 to be used for school purposes. 
Energetic steps are being taken to inaugurate the work. 


Mattoon Author of Southern Pine Article: The article entitled "Southern 
Pine - In the Wake of the Boll-Weevil,'" which appeared in the June 18 issue 
of the SERVICE BULLETIN, was written by W, R. Mattoon of the Washington 
office, 
In this same article a typographical error was made, At the end of 
the fourth paragraph the word "stinger" appeared for "stranger." As cor- 
rected the sentence should read: "the vigilant stranger wipes up the slug- 
gish owner." 


DISTRICT 1 ~ NORTHERN DISTRICT 


Lumber jacks Becoming Enthusiastic Foresters: There is a county in western 
Montana in which the old-time lumberjacks are gradually becoming enthusi- 


astic foresters. The county land appraiser in classifying lands talks of 
"timber culture" land and gives it a value which he says may seem low but 

is sound, since “one has to figure compound interest," he says, on the costs 
of holding it for raising timber. This man is of the old type of timber 
cruiser. He says forestry is the salvation of the county. He mentions a 
tract of land that he cut over 15 years ago, cut clean, from which he now 
can cut 2,000 ties at a stumpage value of 25 cents each. He asserts that 
the Government should acquire all the June 11 claims it has listed in the 
past and plant them to trees, since there is more money in that than in hard 
scrabbled stump land ranching. 

The County Assessor speaks in high terms of the Land Exchange Act and 
is enthusiastic about the Forest Service acquiring land wnder that Act even 
though it might mean an immediate reduction in the assessable privately 
owned lands in the County. The financial future of the county he asserts, 
depends upon all its forest lands being kept productive, He is anxious to 
| get some forest tree seedlings to plant on his ranch on a piece of land 
which he states is low quality pasture. 

A banker at the county seat, who owns some timber land which was 
recently cut over, has asked the Supervisor to show him how to dispose of 
| the slash so as to remove the fire danger and at the same time leave the 
land in &@ maximum state of productiveness., 

The Supervisor expects to advise several ranchers with small areas 
of timber land how to mark the stand for cutting, so as to provide for best 
continued growth on the areas. 

Here is a great opportunity for the Forest Service in a different 
line from that of National Forest administration, The usual departmental 
activity of giving technical advice is in demand, The chance is opportune 
| also for the growing Forest Service function of extension of forestry to 
private lands. 

While there are in the County of Sanders with the county seat at 
Thompson Falls better than average forest growth conditions which have in 
one instance resulted in the Supervisor receiving a timber sale application 
for cutting a 35 year old stand; while in the county the residents recognize 
a loss in business due to there being little commercial cutting on a large 
scale and the loss of large amounts of timber asthe result especially of the 
| fires of 1910; nevertheless, considerable credit is due to the forest ad- 
| ministration, past and present, which has properly taken advantage of these 
| examples to put over the truth about forestry and help educate the people 
in the economics of forestry. 


Supervisor Organizes Community Meetings. Beaverhead County has no County 
| Agent, although it has a very great stock-raising industry and substantial 


agricultural interests. However, the Forest Service is one of the Bureaus 
of the Department of Agriculture you kmow, and this fact, and the evidence 
of the public spirit of the Forest Service, are shown by the results of the 
efforts of Forest Supervisor Somers of the Peaverhead Forest, 

With the cooperation of one or two of the prominent local citizens 
he arranged for several community gatherings at which members of the Boze- 
man Agricultural College faculty spoke and answered questions relating to 
the welfare of the chief activities of the people in the county, The Dean 
of the School of Animal Husbandry, the Federal cooperative instructor at- 
tached to the school, and the instructor in Dairying, discussed the stock- 
men's veterinary troubles, the essential factors for profitable dairying, 
feeds and feeding, breeds and breeding and besides covered a miscellaneous 
field as a result of questions asked, 

These meetings were great guccesses, and the local people were en- 
thusiastic about them and expressed a desire to have them repeated. One of 
the stockmen remarked that they should have also discussed markets and mar- 
keting and in view of the kind of stockmen there are in Beaverhead County, 
have included "Beef and Beefing." 


-5- 


eed 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


The Federal Field Club represented by the heads of offices in various 
Government Bureaus located in Denver was organized somewhat more than a 
year ago. A meeting has been held regularly on the first Tuesday of each 
month, with the exception of two months in the summer:season, The Forest 
Service naturally has a large representation at these meetings because it 
has a greater organization than any other Bureau in the city. 

Through the activities of this club, the Denver City Telephone 
Directory now has all Government Bureaus listed under U. 5S, Government 
with the Departments and Bureaus named in proper alphabetical order. This 
is a great improvement over the former method and overcomes former confu- 
sion that existed, and difficulty the public had in locating SngPRe em- 
ployed in the Government Service 

At the last meeting a comma tees was appointed to prepare a directory 
containing the names of all the heads of Bureaus and chiefs of office with 
their assistants and a short statement as to the duties of the various of- 
fices, The Forest Service will do the work of mimeographing and the other 
Departments will furnish the paper, This will be of great assistance to 
everybody in the Government work and the general public, for there are a 
great number of inguiries coming in to all Government offices as to where 
such and such an officer, or Bureau, is located and our information is 
really very meager on the matter. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


Do Mesquite Blooms Indicate Season? Aged Indian named Antonio Lopez who 
lives near Tucson prophesies that southern Arizona may expect a season of 
plentiful rains this summer, He says all the mesquite trees are loaded 
with blooms and beans although in many of the localities there has been no 
rain for eight months, The heavy blooms, according to the ae are & 


sure indication of good rains during the summer, 


Arizona Fire law Now Operative: The effective date of the new Arizona fire 
law is June 10. According to the preamble it is an act "Prohibiting any 
person wilfully or negligently to set fire, or cause or procure fire to be 
set, to any forest, brush or other inflammable vegetation growing or being 
on lands not his own, or to allow fire to escape from his control, or to 
burn brush, etc., on his own iands or lands of another, prohibiting any 
person to build a camp fire on lands not his own without proper precaution, 
or to leave on such lands a camp fire unattended, or to permit a camp fire 
to spread thereon, or in any manner to start a fire in forest material not 
his own and leave same unquenched; requiring the use of adequate spark 
arresters on locomotives or engines using fuel other than oil on or near 
forested lands; prescribing penalties or violation of the provisions hereof," 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Insect Control: For several years the bark beetle damage on the Kaibab and 
south Utah Forests has been increasing. It became serious enough on the 
Kaibab last year to make it necessary to put on a crew of men for extermi- 
nation work, They aré also working this spring and expect to have the job 
completed soon, 

On the Dixie Forest the outbreak was less acute, but was nevertheless 
serious. Visiting these areas this spring, Assistant District Forester 
C. B, Morse noted an exceptionally large number of predatory beetles of two 
species, which appeared to be numerous enough to hold the outbreak on the 
Forest in check, They were less numerous on the Kaibab where extermination 
work is in progress, 

Forest Examiner S$, B, Locke will vouch for the fact that the beetles 
are in abundance on the Kaibab, especially a beautiful little beetle with 
a bright red abdomen. On a recent trip to the Kaibab he came into camp after 
dark and started to consume some stew which had been prepared in the morning 


ie 


DISTRICT 4 (Concluded) 


by the dim light of a candle, Presently he detected a strange ingredient 
in the stew and found that it contained a liberal portion of these beetles. 
He said nothing to the other members of the party, who enjoyed the stew 
immensely. We trust that all the beetles did not crawl into the stew, and 
that there are many left to feed upon bark beetle larvae. 


Field Day at the Dubois Experiment Station: Each spring, the United States 
Sheep Experiment Station at Dubois has a Field Day, to which the public, 
especially stockmen and others interested in the sheep industry, are invited. 
Forsling and Winkler attended Field Day this year, and initiated work on 

the cooperative project with the Experiment Station, whereby the Forest 
Service will be able to learn facts about typical spring and fall range out- 
side the National Forests, Several quadrats were laid out and charted and 
the work will be continued later, 


Kill Him, Someone With The nmedeuie Pole! Extract from an application for 
work: 

" .ce, and can read a Girlie compass." 

"Huh! “crabs the Sawtooth batchelor, "that bird, must be an expert in 
local attraction and 360 degrees of fickle, unfathomable variation," 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


What's One Forest, More or Less, Between Friends? 
"Editor, Service Bulletin: 
it gars us greet to find that you have summarily deprived us 
of our own beloved Mono Forest and given it to D-4, according to the SERVICE 
BULLETIN of dune: 4, Please let us have it back again! PR, D-5" 


PR D5 : 
Pious simple request is granted. What else may we do for you? - 
Editor. 


A Miss is Better Than a Mile: A Ranger on the Shasta received a letter from 
& prospective lady lookout that read as follows: 

"I was told you need a lookout on Mt. --- this summer and that I could 
probably get the job. As I understand that you are in charge of this look- 
out I thought I would write you and ask what kind of climate you have there 
and what kind of clothes I ought to wear. Do I have to take my provisions 
or will someone bring them to me? Would I have to ride a horse? I have 
never been on a horse, but if necessary I think I could ride if you would 
teach me how, I hope "you will tell me whatever you can about what is ex- 
pected of a lookout, as I do not know anything about the mountains exzcept 
around the Bay, and I suppose it is a lot different up where you are." 

After working all morning on an answer the Ranger turned out this gem, 
some of whose high lights are herewith presented: 

"Mt, --- has an elevation of 9100 feet and is rather a windy place. 
It would be necessary for you to go on horseback for about nine miles, but 
I would certainly be glad to teach you how to ride. I generally do all the 
packing of provisions to Mt. --- myself. The telephone on the lookout is 
connected with my office, and you are supposed to call me twice a day, at 
Qa.m. and 4 p.m, Most of the ladies in this country wear riding breeches 
with leggings and either a blouse or skirt. I would like to have some idea 
as to your age. If you are sensitive about giving it you my state under 30 
or over 30, or just say over 40. I will keep your application on file and 
do my best to g@t youa job if I find you are qualified after hearing from 
you further." 

(Note: - She must have been over 40, for she never got the job!) 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Liberty Bonds Serve as Indemnity Bond: Mr. Fred Herrick has finally signed 
the Malheur sale contract and it was approved in Portland on June 15. It 
was found that the cost of an indemmity bond from one of the surety com- 
panies was $26,000 rer year. This high rate is due to the fact that the 
premium is based on the total value of the timber rather than on the lia- 
bility involved. Since tre amount of the bond was only $50,000 such an 
annual premium was exorhitans. Mr. Herrick finally produced Liberty Bonds 
to the amount cf the bond demanded and deposited them as security. 


Rubber Fire Stamos for Hotel Stationery: The Cascade is going to supply 
three of their summer resorts with rubber stamps. The proprietors have 
agreed to use them on their paper and envelopes URE: the summer, The 
stamps read: "Prevent Forest Fires - It Pays," 


The Universal Car. 
My motor stalled along the road 
A jay screamed from a tree, 
The dazzling sun from high above 
Was burning holes in me. 


At eventide, the sun went down, 
The bee flew from the clover, 
And I was still beside the road 
A turnin' Henry over, 


--Any Driver Thereof, 
DISTRICT 7 - EASTERN DISTRICT 


Ashe Presents Paper at Water Power Conference: Assistant District Forester 
W. W, Ashe represented the Forest Service at the Southern Water Power Con- 
ference at Asheville, North Carolina, June 26-28 and presented a paper on 
"Soil Erosion in Relation to Utilization of Storage Reservoirs," Mr, Ashe 
also examined the lands of the Stearns Lumber Company of Stearns, Kentucky, 
which company has requested that it be given advice as to methods of cutting 
its timber so as to secure a more valuable youg stand. He also examined 
lands in eastern Kentucky which might be considered for a purchase wnit 
under the Weeks Law for a National Forest in that State, 


Another Fish Story: The fishing season in the Pisgah Game Preserve opened 
this year on June 1, The weather has not been very favorable for trout — 
fishing, but still the devotees of the rod and fly will not be denied a 
trial of the alluring streams. Approximately $150 worth of fishing permits 
were sold during the first four days of the open season. 


Service Bulletin 


ES StORES T.OnRVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol, VII, No. 28, Washington, D. C. July 9, 1923. 


THE CRITICAL EQUATION IN THE SCRESTRY PROBLEM 


the entire field. It seems futile to argue whether fire protection is 5% 
or 85% of the forestry problem. That questions is purely academic and the 
percentage can never be determined mathematically in any case. 

It certainly can be admitted by all that if fire could have been 
wholly excluded from all forest lands, cut-over or uncut, for all time, 
there vould be almost no barren areas of real forest land in the United 
States. Probably there would be considerable areas growing what are now 
termed undesirable or inferior species, but barren areas under such conditions 
are almost inconceivable. Certainly any observant son of the Lake States can 
recall areas of fine pine reproduction in slashings in that region there were 
not burned or that were burned over but once. , 

Doubtless any forester who has studied the history of disastrous 
forest fires has been impressed by the fact that many of them have lagged 
a few years behind the early lumbering and agricultural development of the 
region in which they occurred, Without doubt many of the fires in the East 
and in the Lake States started in logging or agricultural slashings and were 
greatly intensified by them. To a less extent this is true in the West. 

Most assuredly any stand of timber opened by the axe is made more favorable 
to the spread of fire. This is true to a considerable extent, whether or not 
the resulting debris is disposed of, because opening the forest inevitably 
increases wind movement and decreases water content. Those are two of the 
most important factors in the spread of forest fires. 

In illustration of the danger of unqualified generalities in regard to 
the cause and prevention of forest fire losses it may be cited that while it 
is generally true that disastrous fires follow the axe, there are most notable. 
exceptions, The Selway and Clearwater Forests in District One include a gross 
area of 2,710,000 acres. A large percentage of this area was heavily forested. 
There is not, nor has there ever been, an appreciable amount of logging or 
land clearing debris in or closely adjacent to this vast area because it has 
been virtually uninhabited and undeveloped. In the past 15 years this region 
has been visited by 2049 forest fires of record. Only 13 per cent of these 
have been due to human agencies. The human agency fires in this ‘case have 
usually been least destructive because most readily accessible, A total 
area of 1,593,000 acres has been burned orver in these fires without the 
aid of any lumbering debris whatever, -There are thousands of areas of double 
burn, having burned in 1910 and again in 1919. A little of this area has 
burned three times in 15 years. The double burn is as effectively devastated 
as any slashed area one can imagine, and there are very large areas with 


Fhe earliest cuttings seen were made in the yellow pine-sugar pine type on 


THE CRITICAL EQUATION IN THE FORESTRY PROBLEM (Continued) . | 


‘neither seed nor seed tree on land that 20 years ago carried a heavy stand 


of timber. ‘hat is strictly true of this vast area is almost as applicable 
on other great areas in the St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, Flathead, Kootenai and 
Blackfeet Forests in D-l. 

Fire protection is by no means all of so broad a problem as our 
national timber land policy, nor is it all of forestry. It matters little 
whether we call it 85 per cent of forestry or only 5 per cent. Probably it 
is quite safe to describe it as the one equation, the solution of which is 
absolutely essential before the practical solution of the others in the 
problem can become possible, What will it avail us to leave seed trees 
and seed, clean up debris, plant, or protect against insects, disease, or | 
overgrazing, if the area over which we toil is burned over after five, ten 
or twenty years? Whatever percentage of the total problem we assigne to 
it, fire protéétion’ must become an accomplished fact before we can hope to 
produce much timber through the practite of forestry, 


SOBSERVATIONS ON A FEW CUT-OVER AREAS. 
By T. D. Woodbury, District 5, 


There are but fev things a Forester can do that are more necessary, 
interesting and instructive than an examination of cut-over sale areas some 
years after cutting. Such examinations. are to the silviculturalist what 
the post-mortem is to the physician - a check on the original diagnosis and 
a guide for future treatment. More time can profitably be devoted to this 
line of work, 

Assistant Foresten Carter and the writer recently devoted about a 
week to the inspection of old cuttings on the Sierra and Stanislaus Forests. 


the Sierra Forest about 1906, The leaving of an adequate basis for an early 
second cut was the governing principle of the marking in those days. Appar=- - | 
ently only 50 to 60% of the merchantable timber was removed and the areas . # 
could be cut over again at-any time opportunity offered, The.trees left, 
while large, are as a rule thrifty and although growing slowly, will remain || 
in good condition for another forty or fifty years. The ground was apparently 
well stocked with advance reproduction, a large amount of which escaped loggins 
injury. This-reproduction has made a remarkable recovery, frequently growing 
at the rate of thirty inches in height a year. On one area which was burned 
clean fourteen years ago, yellow pine saplings were found eight inches in diam 
eter at breast height and from twenty to thirty feet tall. 

Only a moderate amount of subsequent reproduction has come in on 
these lightly cut areas. Where yellow pine is the key tree, a large amount 
of light is evidently needed to secure full stocking, 

In connection with working out sustained yield, it will often be 
desirable to leave a large base of thrifty-mature timber at the time of the 
first cut to insure a profitable second cut, The above observations seem 
to indicate that this can be done without any very serious silvicultural sacri- 
fice. The extreme value and importance of advance Re Baa RaR > Eee is also clear 
indicated, 

Several cut-over areas were seen in the sugar pinie-fir type which 
occurs at elevations of from 5500 to 6500 feet, This type is characterized — 
by the absence of yellow pine and the presence of a large quantity of white 
or red fir, The growing season is short and there is generally a heavy layer 
of humus on the ground, Advance reproduction is not prevalent in this type, 
A considerable range of cutting practise has been experimented with but none 
have been successful in securing reproduction following cutting. ‘hite thorn 
(ceanothus sp.) is very prevalent both in virgin stands and after cutting, " 
This slows dom the growth of‘reproduction, It has been the recent practise 
in this type to cut for increment principally which has resulted in relatively 
heavy cutting for the ‘reason that these stands are largely made up of over- 
mature trees. 

In view of the negative results secured so far, rather more conser- 
vative cutting which ‘rill take the form of leaving at least one good seed tree 
per acre over twenty inches in diameter at breast height is indicated pending 
further intensive study of this tyne. 


a 


q 


“OBSERVATIONS ON A FEW CUT-OVER ARBAS. (Continued) 
It has been said many times by both Grazing and Forest Management 
men that sheep grazing does not seriously injure reproduction in California. 
In a general sense this is probably true. From our observations, however, 
cut-over lands in the sugar pine-fiz type which are heavily grazed are suffer- 
ing severely through the repeated injury to the leaders of the advance growth. 
This damage is caused by the drift of sheep from-surrounding overgrazed 
patented range. This drift is difficult to control, Every effort should 
evidently be made to control it, however, and no sheep grazing should be per- 
mitted on cut-over areas in this type pending further study. 


HIDDEN NEWS VALUES. 
By Jno. D, Guthrie, District 6. 


Forest officers being either admittedly scientists or having scientific 
- points of view imputed to-them, too often fail to realize news values in their 
daily work,: This is neither illogical nor unexpected, The essence of news 
is the unusual, the drematic, the picturesque, the human interest element, 
There has. been no occasion heretofore for a Forest officer to be trained 
to look for these qualities, 

The average newspaper man or the eomuehee, however, is looking for 
just these things. The following quotation is given as rather a vivid 
exposition of this fact, It is a part of the instructions from a Portland 
‘city editor to a young lady reporter in assigning her to the "beat" of the 
Post Office building: 

"The New Postoffice building on lower Broadway, This includes the 
postmaster, the forest service, the army, the immigration service and all 
the other federal offices in the building. I am sure you will have no 
difficulty in becoming familiar with the beat and with the people as well 
as with the character of news likely to develop in each department, | 

"IT am attaching a couple of cards showing who is who in the forest 
service, First of all, try to visualize what the national forests are--vast 
expanses of trees. Hiding among the trees, however, are thousands of storiés- 
stories of new trails that lead into mysterious and interesting places; 
forest rangers who ride or walk daily along high ridges and dark canyons 
policing Uncle Sam's great woods for fire or vandals, 

"In the trees are millions of houses (potential) which some day will 
rise from the carcasses of today's firs and cedars and spruces, Through 
the woods rush mountain torrents oversplashing with fish. On their banks 
are eager anglers snapping 'em out with fine dash, Back of the anglers in 
the shade are tents, inhabited by Mary, Bobbie, Susie, Aunt Jennie and 
Grandpa, They are all having a holiday, while the Ford is resting nearby. 

"Some distance from the camp is a graveled road which leads up and 
down in and out, finally joining the main highway. 

"Imagine things like these when you go into one of the offices of 
the forest service and see a tired-looking bird thumbing some papers and 
trying to look busy, Look beyond the walls into the great outdoors with all 
the possibilities of romance, comedy and tragedy." 


PAUL BUNYAN'S BXPLOITS - (Continued) 


Chapter VI. 
The Explosion of Round River. 


It is well knom to the antiquarians that in the winter of the Big 
Freeze the waters of Round River froze solid, exploded, and drifted away as 
fine powder on the breeze, The ancient legend that Faul Bunyan the next 
spring hauled a tank of water from Sour Dough Creek to replenish Round River 
is now proved to be entirely fictitious, Round River was never re-established. 
Up to the time of the explosion, it had flowed for a good share of its course 
along the Continental Divide, for the laws of gravity were not strictly en- 
forced in those days. Beside, as is well knom, it flowed in a circle. A 


-3- 


The Explosion of Round River. (continued) 


redical Secretary, anvointed shortly after the explosion, decreed that 
henceforward streams shovld be conyvined to the valleys and should no longer 
folloy a circular covrse. Although there is no definite proof of the 
vyvothesis, it is sunvosed that the degree vas made at the instance of the 
Bureav. of Fisheries, hose field agents through long observation had ascertain- — 
ed that fishes, confused by the vertical sinuosities of the streams that 
followed the divides, were unable to fiud the stream-heads for spamming, and 
hence ~ere on the wey to race-suicide. Besides Round -River and other streams 
flowing in circles had neither head nor mouth, and so ‘vere doubly confusing ° 
and Govbly disastrous to the finng tribe. P 


Chapter VII. 
Paul Was Some File Clerk. 


or 


Paul's files vere kept in a masonry box whose large size and varied 
colors have forced the Geological Survey to the conclusion that its materials 
vere quarried from what is nov the Grand Canyon, The Colorado River is be- 
lieved to have its source from a bottle of red ink which Paul spilled one 
day while writing his official diary at some as yet unexplored section of the 
Kaibao Forest. 

A cursory examination of the remnants of Paul's archives vill vell . 
repay the antiquarian, For guide cards he used rude slabs of blue limestone, 
The Forest Clerk having failed to fill his quarterly requisition for supplies, 
he invented the antiline for the manufacture of buff sandstone folders, ‘The 
so-called "faults" of the neo-zeologist are merely the irregularities in filing 
still inherent in 811 Forest Rangers, while the term "non-conformity" arose 
from Paul's failure to arrange his strata in strict conformity “ith the 
official filing system, Paul vas a vractical man, unversed in office methods, 

(To Be Continued) 


HAIL TO THE VETERANS | 


Since the "Hail To The Véterans" item aopeared in the Service Bulletin | 
for May 25 the records of several more veteran Rangers have been received, ie 
These records speak for themselves, Here they are: * 

District 1, Ranger N. BE, Wilkerson vrites: "0, You Freshmen | Spealring | 
of old timers, the men mentioned’ in the Bulletin are only freshmen vith the 
exceovtion of Renger Farley end he is a sophomore, On May 20, 1923, I ’ 
finished 2: vears of service on the Bitter Root as a Ranger and am yet 
going strong. I have worn out five verfectly good Supervisors and have novz 
tatkled the gixth., I believe I'am the oldest man in point of years of 
service in the Forest Service, If there are any who have served longer let 

hem sveak wo nov or forever hold their »veace |" 

EL ae P.R, writes: "According to the Service Bulletin there 
are three Rangers in the Service who have worked, respectively, 15, 16, and 
eO years on the same Forest under the same Supervisor. ‘ell, our Supervisors 
don't stay put long enough to give any of their Rangers a chance to equal that 
record, but just the same here are a couple of records that are hard to beat, 
Ranger Paderson Y. Levis of the Stanislaus entered the Service in 1899 and 
is still going strong, Ranger Mainwaring and Forest Examiner Shinn of the 
Sierra entered in 1900 and 1902, respectively, Ranger Jacinto Reyes of the 
Santa Barbara entered in 1900 and has maintained the same headquarters during 
his vhole period of service. Ranger Searcy of the Cleveland completed 19 
years of service on May 15," 


WHAT'S IN A NAME? 


Pennsylvania's erstvhile Department of Forestry has ‘blossomed forth 
as the Department of Forests and Waters, and Commissioner Stuart has veces 
secretary Stuart. "A rose by any other name ****, 


Bee 


AN ECHO FROM TER GOOD OLD DAYS 


The Service Letter of Pennsylvania's Department of Forests and 
Waters says that early timber scalers wore full dress suits, The item 
states: "John B. Quigley began measuring trees at Chathams Run in 1846 
vith George A, Cravford (later Governor of Kansas) and Col, Newton C. Gross. 
They vore full dress suits, white ties, and silk hats," 

. All those in favor of adopting this unfirom in place of the gne now 

in use say "aye" } - 

The "noes" have it $ 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


Members National Hardyood Lumber Assn. Visit Laboratory: More than a 
hundred members of the National Hardyooa Lumber Association came by special 
train from Chicago to see the Laboratory on June 16, following the annual 
meeting which was held at Chicago. 

This association, which has anproximately 1400 members, is now over 
25 years old, and ranks as one of the influential lumber associations of 
America, Among the functions it performs for its members are inspection of 
lumber service, reporting of the demands and needs of the consumer, advertising 
and publicity service; fraternal and Coeee nati he features also are enjoyed 
by the membership, 

Almost i100 men are in the ee foree vhich covers the United 
States and parts of Canada and thus enables hardyood buyers to have a 
guarantee of quality in all their purchases from manufacturers and vholesalets, 
Approximately 30,900,000 feet of hardyood lumber are inspected as to grade 
each month by this staff ef trained experts, 


Lab Helps Reduce Freight Loss and Damage: Instead of the $96,700,000 payment 
of freight claims for loss and damage in 1921, $48,050,000 was paid during 1922, 
This.50 per cent «eduction was made possible through. the educational 
bulletin service of the American Railvay Association, which gives causes of 
losses and how they may be corrected or minimized. 
The Laboratory can claim credit for a share of these savings as these 
bulletins include a number of Laboratory instructions on boxing and crating. 
A special bulletin called the attention of railroads to the Forest 
Products Laboratory, and 100,000 covies of the circular on bo: strapping 
were prevared for free distribution, 


A Russian Visitor: D, Kazakevitch, civil engineer of the former Russian 
state railways in Manchuria, Ch lina, was a recent visitor at the laboratory. 
‘The impression I have," he wrote of his visit here, "will certainly be as 
‘one of the greatest and most interesting I saw in this country." 


DISTRICT 1 - NORTHERN DISTRICT 


Grain in Number of Recreationists: Figures pertaining to the wea of the 
National Forests in District I for recreational nurposes during the calendar 
year 1922 show that some 430,000 people used the Forests in this way, spending 
about 650,000 recreation days altogether. in the Forests. The 1921 figures 
are 280,000 people and 420,000 recreation days, Of the totals for 1922, 
230,000 veople snending 210,000 days vere automobile tourists-through travelers. 
It is expected that the year 1923 will show great increases in the 
amount of use, especially in regard to through tourists, many of ~thom headed 
Montane-vard for the Dempsey-Gibbons fight at Shelby. At the end of the 
calendar year 1922 there vere on or near the Forests 124 auto camps, 52 hotels 
for recreation purposes, over 300 summer homes, and about 200 miles of roads 
.Or trails constructed by either private or State or Federal funds for recreation 
purposes vrimarily, 
During the year 1922 there were about 150 fires started by recreation | 
visitors, vhich cost almost $10,000 to fight. Recreation visitors reported 
e?7 fires. Their aid in fighting fires vas negligible, scarcely: compensating 
for the fire troubles they caused. ‘ith the increase of recreational use 
vhich can be reasonably be expected from year to year, the need of continued 
pressure in the prevention of forest fires caused by recreationists is readily 
anvarent. 


-~5- 


DISTRICT 2 = ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Another Toll Road? ; ; 

Another proposal has been received for a toll road on the Pike 
National Forest, The old Short Line Railroad between Colorado Springs and 
Cripple Creek has been tought and junked, The purchaser now desires to make 
use of the right of way as a scenic highvay. There seems to be general 
endorsement of his plan on the part of Colorado Springs, but some objections 
are heard from the people of Cripple Creek who want the road built as a 
public highvay. The matter is not yet ready to be.passed upon by the 
Secretary and it is still uncertain what the outcome will be, 

The junking of the old Short Line is another of the railroad tragedies 
yvhich have become so frequent in Colorado during recent years, This road, 
built at a total cost, it is understood, of over $3,000,000, served the 
mining camp of Cripple Creek at the height of its glory, ‘The entire life 
of the railroad, however, was only 20 years. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


Just Like Other Squatters: On the Apache they tell a story of an old timer 
who camped for two seasons on a spot near the Little Colorado. - ‘Jhen. he 
arrived last Spring he found a camping party already in full possession and 
kindly informec them that he guessed they would have to ‘move on, since that 
was his camp ground, It so happened that there were numerous other spots 
equally attractive and an abundance of gocd springs near by, and the new 
comers readily yielded the right of possession, This little incident shows 
hov the mere priviiége of free camping carries with it a sense of possession. 
Undoustedly, the old timer felt-peéerfectly sure that he was within his rights 
claiming that bette piece of ground by reason of prior occupancy. 


Watershed | Gohe >, Also City Water Supply: The water situation in Silver City, 
New Mexic » #S exceedingly ly critical, Ac cording to newspaper articles on 
the subject the townspeople at last realize that overgrazing and destruc- 
tion of forest cever is the cause, Membevs of the Gila Forest force have 
been alazmed about the impending misfortune for several years and ‘have.:_. 
endeavcred to arouse the citizeury to a course of action. New, hovever, 
requests for suggestions and direction aire teing urged upon SNR ; 
Winn, Corditions are so acute est water has to be shut off from-the city 


mains every dey from 2,00 P, M. until morning, There is no water for gardens, 
laws or trees, and only a Limited iar for other domestic purposes, ‘The 
chief difficulty with any remedy the Forest Service can suggest is that only 


a minor part of the watershed is within the forest while the rest is privately 
owned, It is thought, however, that public sentiment is stirred to the point 
that steps will be taken regardless of ommership. 


Forest Service Party: About a hundred people, members of the D,0. and 
Manzano offices end their families gathered in the Forest Service rooms in 
the Gas & Electvic Building Fricey night for a general good time. Motion 
pictures, "Building Forest Roads", "Wonderland of Canyons and Peaks" and 
"Grazing Industry on the Naticnal Forests" were shewn and Assistant District 
Forester Kircher gave an address on Brazil, Sherbet and home made cake 
completed the program, 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 
Governor Signs Compulsory Fire Patrol Bill 


& compulsory fire patrol bill for California was approved by Governor 
Richardson on June 6, 1923. This act requires forest land owmers to provide 
a fire patrol equal to that maintained by forest owners who have cooperative 
agreements with the State Board of Forestry or the Forest Service or equal 
to that:maintained by 50 per cent of the forest owmers in the locality or in 
other localities ith similar conditions, In the event of failure to provide 


«= 6 « 


"DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT (Continued) 


a fire patrol the State Board of Forestry is authorized to provide one at a 
cost not to exceed 3¢ per acre per annum, thich may be exceeded in times 
and localities of unusual fire hazard up to the actual cost of the work. 
This cost becomes a lien upon the land if unpaid after thirty days, All 
money collected is deposited to the credit of the "State Board of Forestry 
Fire Prevention Fund," from vhich payments to carry out the provisions of 
this act are made. Forest land is defined as any land with enough forest 
grovth standing or down or with sufficient inflammable debris to constitute 
& menace to adjoining land. Owners residing within mii 2 miles of the land 
are exempt. 


Recreation Business Booming; The recreation business is booming as never 
before, From January 1 to May 23, inclusive, 216 special use permits were 
issued, 175 of which were for summer homes, In addition to this 50 summer home 
applications have been approved and permits are being issued as rapidly as 
notice of payment of rental is received, Since the recreation season is just 
starting, it is evident that the Angeles will this season exceed all former 
records, and that the special use receipts this year will be around $40,000. 
The picnic season is now in full swing, if the number of visitors to 
| the Arroyo Seco on Sunday, May 21, was any criterion, On this date Ranger. 
Mueller counted 900 auto parties in the Canyon which, averaging 3-1/2 persons 
| per auto, means over 3000 people in the Canyon in one day. 


Japanese Trees for California: We received a visit from Mr. Kenichiro 

| Yamaguchi, of the fuporial Japanese Forest Service, last winter, and found 

| him very much interested in our native trees and vegetation, We sent him 

seeds of a few species of our Forest trees, and the Japanese foresters returned 
the compliment with seeds of twelve varieties of native species, This seed 

| has been som in the State Nursery at Davis, and a vortion sent to the 
University of California and the various experiment stations for trial. 


State to Lease Summer Cabin Sites 


Following the example set by the Forest Service, the State of California 
is going into the business of leasing cabin building sites to those looking 
| for a place to spenc. the summer, In Fish Canyon a number of squatters have 
built summer homes without cost to themselves, but a representative of the 
Stave government has informed them that hereafter they must pay a rental, 
There are €0 ecres of land occupied by the cabins, and a considerable income 
will be realized from the leases. A law providing for the rental of State 
lands under certain circumstances was passed by the Legislature at its recent 
session, 


Radio on the Stanislaus: The City of Oakland Recreation Camp on the Stanislaus 
is the first cemp of this character to install radio for the entertainment of 
its guests, Every evening concerts are received from Portland, San francisco, 
Oakland, Los Angeles, Salt Lake, and elsewhere, and by the use of a quarter- 
ampere power amplifier can be heard over the entire cemp. 


DISTRICT 6 = NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Windshield Stickers Going Strong: In addition to a large number of the nev D-6 
shield-shaped windshield sticker sent to field officers, a supply has been 
furnished upon request to the Oregon Tourist Bureau of the Chamber of 
Commerce, and the Oregon Automobile Association, 

F Supervisor Rankin of the Crater has supplied 5000 to the Superintendent 
of the Crater Lake National Park who will distribute them to tourists along 
with National Park literature, 


-7- 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT (continued) 


Road and Recreation Map: The allotment of 2000 copies of the new Washington 
Road and Recreation Map to the Snoqualmie Forest vere distributed by Forest 
Clerk Prasch within 10 days, and the names taken of several hundred more 
desiring this useful map were taken and later supplied, 


A Beauty Spot: A fifteen-year term permit was recently issued to B,W. Huntoon, 
et al, of Bellingham, Wash., for a resort in Austin Pass Meadows between 
Mts, Baker and Shuksan, on the Washington Forest, This area is destined to 
be one of the show places of D-6, and will be opened to the public by the 
completion of the road from Glacier to the Meadows this year, 


DISTRICT 7 — EASTERN DISTRICT 


Another Bear Story: The bears on the Shenando@h have been making quite a 
name for themselves lately, An old she-bear with cubs put a man up a tree 
on the North River District a few days ago and held him there for two hours. 
Believe it or not, another one attacked a 2-year-old steer and rode him doym 
the mountain to a point near where some fishermen were camping, The cattle 
made such a disturbance that the fishermen decided to investigate the affair 
and found old bruin enjoying a piece of shoulder. ‘When within about ten 
steps he backed off growling, The menwere:unarmed and it was dark so the 
case was closed, 


DISTRICT 8 - ALASKA DISTRICT 


A Chance For An Argument: This is one time vhen District 8 makesa brag and 
at the same time probably starts a controversy. Here goes: Alaska claims 

to have the youngest Supervisor in captivity, and this means Supervisor not 
only in name but in fact, Incidently he is Supervisor of the largest Forest, 
namely - the Tongass, which has a net area of 15,443,900 acres, "Bob" Zeller 
was appointed Supervisor last November, just three months before his 29th 


birthday} Bring on your youngsters, you old-time districts "down below"! - H.S. 


THE ALASKAN FLEET 
By a D-6 Landlubber,. 


Some may prefer to put their trust 

In an old "Tin Lizzie" that rolls in dust; 

But let me to sea, and to windward beat 

On the trim craft of the Forest Service Fleet! 


First the "Hiawatha! the flagship true, 
Leads the Fleet through waters blue, 

The stalwart "Tahn", and the 'Weepoose", 
These beat any old galloping goose, 
There's "Ranger One", and "Ranger Two", 
Cutting along while their engines stew; 
And "Ranger Four" and "Ranger Five", 

All good boats for a man alive; 

And soon to be added to the galaxy 

The brand-new boat, "Ranger Three"; 
Good staunch craft in a stormy sea 

Even dovm to the "Nellie B". 

All of them natty and trim and neat-- 
Nine good ships of the Forest Service Fleet! 


a 


Service w 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


ca 
deze 
Sat 
oS 


at 


Moi. Vit. No. 29. Washington, D. C. duly 16, 19238, 


= ee em a a ee a ee 


By Wl. @. Dunlap, Forest Froducts Laboratory 


That a largo degrse of firs hazard depends upon tho inflammability of 
forest fire fusls and that the combustibility of forcst duff fluctuates with 
woathsr changes havo bocn dstermined by oxpsrioncs as well as ros:arch. 

Extensiv2 studics of this kind havs been carricd on at the Pricst River 
axpsriment Station, but ons phase of these studiss, the relation betwesn mois- 
ture content of forest duff and rolative humidity, could not be carricd on there 
with the squipment availabls. ‘Ths aid of the forost Products Laboratory, thore- 
_ fore, was snlisted, and for tho past year the Laboratory has b3en cooperating 

With the Station in dstermining this relation. 
| In ths course of ths Experiment Station studies, need arose for an in- 
Strument which would show at any time the moistur: condition of ths duff. Svap- 
orators, balances, and other devices were tried, but they could not tell as com- 
plots a story as would scom to be dosirable. Horz ths similarity between tho 
|moisturs~humidity rclations for wood and duff was considered , and the idea 
occurred that this fact might be used in the davslopmint of an instrumsnt which 
would show in a singls reading just what conditions sxist in the duff. Such a 
@2Vicc would tak2 into account the condition in the duff in its natural position 
on tho floor of the forest and should reflect in on> roading the influznees of 
humidity, of the moisture content of the soil, and of the temperature, 
In wood, shrinking or swelling always takes placs with moisture changos. 
‘This quality of wood was used in th: dovslopment of these instruments. The first 
instrument consisted of a cylindrically-shaped dovics, pointed at one end to make 
insertion in the duff sasy, and carrying a gauge rgading to 0.001 inchzs to indi- 
cate the change in longth of several szall cylinders of wood placed along the 
barrel of the instrumont, As it was unsatisfactory to have so many soctions of 
Wood in the instrument, thoy wars replaced by a porforated tubs of compression 
wood. This psculiarity of wood structure is usually found on ths under sids of 
branches and lzaning trses, and only in conifers is it characteriz2d by wide 
annual rings with a large porcantages of summerwood, which is not so dark and hard 
as in normal wood. Th: fact that this wood, unlike ordinary wood, shrinks apprc- 
Ciably longitudinally was used in tho dssign of the instrument, 

The third instrument d2vclopsd is ons which is not only mors sonsitive but 
is also of a mors practical construction, In the carlier instruments tho wood is 
in compression, but in ths now dzsign the sensitive clement is in tsnsion which 
Gllows ths us2 of a very small pioce of wood or fibsr, and thus insurss greater 
Scnsitivensss, #attan, which was found in experiments to bs more serviccable 
than compression wood, is used in tho latest dsve2lopsd instrument. This is more 
Satistactory than the compression wood because of erzatsr strength, uniformity 

in sizc, propertics, and availability. 

Tacsc instrumonts wore calibrated and sent. to Missoula, Montana, for tests 
during the month of April. If those praliminary tests indicat: that tho ins tru- 
Beonts ar2 of valus, a numbor will b: mad2z up for mors thorough tests during ths 

firs scason. The complste instrument cost approximatsly 20. 


a 


By Roy Headley, Washington 


Along about 1911 a Forest officer was bittsn by th: chemical fir2 ox- 
tinguisher bug and proceeded with certain oxpsriments to dotormine whether soma 
radical doparturs from conventional firs suppression m>thods could not be substi- 
tutsd for th2 usual systems which had b2on found to be sadly inadoquato. Spocif- 
ically it was hoped that chamicals could bs used with rovolutionary effects on 
fire gontrol. Aftzr such exporiments as ho waS abl> to dovisa had bsan compl: ted, 
this officer found that tho Pyreno liquid usod in ths Pyron2 gun was just about 
squivalont to an equal quantity of water uscd in ths sanz instrument. 

A fcow yoars later another momber of the samo District was pitton by the 


gi) i 
} proak 
jag? 
vty 


) pore! 
out | 
shar 


same chomical firo 2xtinguishcr bug, and before District authorities wers awar3 duit? 
of it, had purchased a numbor of the sam2 Pyrone guns for us> on motors, at Jul) 
Ranger stations, and on firss. This officor was unawars of ths pr2vious oxp3rie= fs: 
ments. 

In later yoars the d2velopment of aircraft and th: uso of bombs from 2ir- 14. 
craft suggested strongly to mny mon both in and out of ths Service that it should || whi 
be possibl: to uso chemical firo extinguishers from airplanes. This was consid- ye 
ored by thc Madison Laboratory and th conclusion roachsd that nothing of any tn 
practical value could bs derived from this msthod. ta 

A short time afterward a cooperative study of the use of chemical cx- *| th 
tinguishers in fighting forsst firss was undertaken with tho Chsmical Warfaro ho 
Division of tho Army. This study led to a consideration of thz compara tivcly i 
new principlo cmbodiod in the "frothy" oxtinguishers. For 2 tim cvon somo of 
the hard-boiled fire control men thought this mathod h2ld promiso of practical 0 
value for us, but ths question f211 into the hands of an invostigator of a matho- jf 
matical turn of mind. This officsr proczoded to calculate tho quantitios of : 
watcr which would b2 uscossary to lay an offoctive trail of fir> foam in front I 

ofa forsst firs. The amount of watcr necessary, tog:ther with the obvious diffi- {1 
culty of transportation in ordinary circumstances, wor? so grat that tho firs ‘\t 
foam bubblo burstad also. - 

The latzst sffort along this lins is r2portéd in a recent District fire | 
review. Aftor trying out a five-gallon Pyrsne pump tank cxtinguishsr a Ranger 
reports as follows: 


"I found that the liquid will immodiately stop any blazo to which it is- 
applicd, but that whore ths fire has caten into the cracks or under the roots 
of stubs, too groat-an amount of the liquid is necessary to make its use sconom- 
ical. A largo stump which was apparsntly entirely extinguished began smoking 
throe days later. Thers is no doubt that if there is 4 sufficient amount of 
water available to recharge th> tank scvoral times, the tanks will be valuable in 
extinguishing burning spots in trees and snags, where they are too high to reach - 
with an ax or a shovel full of dirt. To sum up; the pump tank with only one 
filling is of no usc on ovan a small Class A firs. If supplementcd with a re- 
‘serve supply of 50 to 250 gallons of water, it would be valuablo in both Class A 
and B fires.” - 


Thus wo arrive by this latest exporiment at about ths same point rsachod 
in 1911, namely, that tho Pyronz liquid is about cquivalent to the same quantity 
of watsr uscd in suitablo squipment. 

Who will bo the next to take up this alluring idea? 

The amount of moncy which has boon expended in sxperimontal use of chemi- 
cal fire extinguishers would coms in protty handy if ws could colloct and invest 
it now in water-using squipment or other fire-fighting cquipment of proven valu, 
Howaver, the attrsctivencss of the chomical firs extinguishsr idsa and th2 allur- 
ing advortisements of chemical apparatus are so great that it would b2 4 rash man 
who would venturs to assort that tho Forest Service will spend no mors monsy try- 
ing to find an sasy chsmical road to the solution of our fire suppression problcm, 
Perhaps also it would bs unduly rash to assert that tha duplication of oxpsriments 
will nover find any such mothod of practi¢al valuo in forest firs control. 

To many men, it socms highly dssirable to cquip every Rangar station with 
@ chomical firc oxtinguishor. A.good many stations have b32en so equippid, but 
although w: lose several stations annually by fir2, no caso is known to th2 writor | 
whary a chomical 2xtinguish2r has saved a building. They occasionally burn up 
with the building. Can anyon: rsport an instance where th? presence: of a chamical 
fir: 2xtinguish2r has resultz:d in prescrving a Rangsr station building from fira% 


ae 


ee 


INTRODUCING THT SALWAY FORZS2 


——— 


By F. J. Jefferson, Sclway 


Bullstin readsrs, through ths medium of tha Service Dirsctory, doubtloss 
all know that thors is somowhers in Idaho a Forest calicd ths Solway. Sinco wa 
brsak into the newspapors only whsn th2 Lord in right2zous wrath showsrs us with 
large quantitizs of firs from th2 h2avens, they may b3 sxcussd for not fooling 
vory well acquaintsd with us. 

As may be surmissd from the introduction, wo arc what is known as a "Fire 
Forsst." This classification, it is realizod, may leave somz doubt as to whethor 
ovr function is to provide a never failing supply of firs data for the statistical 
Sharks, 2 practics ficld for fire-fighting oxercises, or to sorve as a sort of 
dumping ground for all ths conesntratzd fury which tho Idaho skies contain during 
July and dugust, thorcby protecting our neighbors aftor tho fashion of a safaty 
fuse, 

As a matter of fact, wo arco a rogular Yvorsst with about 4 billion f2et of 
roal timber which Nature, unfortunately, placsd in th> path of the burning winds 
which devclop in ths Desert Forests of Northsrn California, Nevada, and Southsrn 
Oregon. Thoss Forssts have carnsd for thanselves the titio "Asbestos Forosts" 
through their uncanny ability to pass on to us all the fires that thoy should 
have had. This is an unneighborly performances and we haven't thought woll of 
thom ever since Major Kelley told us that this was what they woro doing. Wo must, 
however, face ths fact that ws havs a big risk and a high hazard and lay our plans 
to msot these conditions, : 

Ssveral yoars ago somsone with a bug for mathomatics or joy riding figurod 
out the fact that wo were the most inaccossibls Forest in District One. The basis 
for this statcmont is the fact that you can’t flit around among our treos with a 
flivvcr or a buggy as it is understood was ths custom on the Forssts that the 
mathematician was accustomed to. In tact, after you have flittcd over our ton 
miles of road, you have to gct acquainted with a s&4dls horse and a pack mulo and 
enjoy their socisty many days if you visit much of ovr 1,800 ,000-acr3 woodlot. 

Ther: are Six Rangor districts within the Forest, all but ons of which 
must dspsnd entirsly upon pack trains for supylics. A round trip from the road 
end to thess district headquarters requires from four to nine days by pack train. 
Such time intervals as these makes it impossibis to draw on outside scuress for 
tcmporary Bclp in case of firs. Zach district starts tho scason with an organi- 
zation of from 25 to 30 trail and protection men and mst stay on top of its fire 
Situations without thought of any additional assistance. Ws averaga about 120 
fires por year, practically all of which are caused by lightning. When thsss 
coms in groups of from 25 to 40 we havs to “whip the devil around the stump" with 
sxcecding rapidity. Fireomon have bsen on continuous fire duiy for 45 days with- 
out aday off. Som of our country has such heavy urderbrush that it has ro- 
quirsd 13 hours for a husky woodsman to travel nins miles. 

Fourtcsn pack trains, toteling 125 head of mules, make up our transporta- 
tion system. Theso run on raguiar schoaules and move anything fromd clicato sci- 
entific instruments to heavy domastic rangese Packing for the entirs forsst is 
dons from on> central station located at the end of our road. Moen familiar with 
the idiosyncraciss of a pack mule are in charg: of thes3 trains and bring them 
through, rain or shin:, 

We have a sales business, a grazing business, and a gams country sscond to 
none in the West. We can thercfore talk tho same language as our neighbors, 
though possibly with an accent peculiar to ourselves. 

Ws havs no mod2rn Rangsr Stations. In som2 cases our District Rangers ar2 
housed with canvas. The limtation on funds for administrative improvements hits 
us hard. Wo "back to Nature’ stuf in ours. We nover got away, 

Rangers in charge of Selwey districts are as truly pPRoazsrs as the men who 
Ops ned up the Idaho Territory 54 years ago. They must rzly upen thomseslves and 
their own resources entirely when trovbic strikes thom. They must overcome the 
Saas primitive conditions that confronted their pioneering fathers. To measure 
up to thair job thoy mst have mor2l courags, a cocl, clear thinking head, and a 
Spirit of loyeity to the Forest Services that carries them, rouch shod, over the 
difficultics and discouragements that frequently face thom in their work. To sus- 
tain them in their work they mast b2 ables to feel and enjoy th2 primitive thriil 
that comes from a singls~handled battl2 with natural forces fairly won. 


come 


PAUL BUNYAN'S 3XFLOITS (Continued) . 


CHAPT=R VIII. 
A Bum Deputy Game Wardsn 


Among Paul's archives may be found an old Dsputy's Commission, signed 
by Hiawatha, who was then State Gamc Warden. Paul did not usually wink at vio- 
lations of the game laws, but once he got into a jack pot. Ona fine September 
morn in the carly Pleistocene he came upon Diana wading into a lake to take a 
rot shot at a flock of swans. The poor lady was not only unable to produce a 
hunting license, but it was the closed scason on swans besides, the opening dats 
-being the early Carbonifcrous. For once Paul failed in his duty. Muttaring 
Something about the inefficiency of the local gamz wardens, he ran away up tho 
mountain sidc. The brush he knocked down en route has since bsen incorrectly 
termsd a windfall. Paul was no ladiscs' man. 


CHAPT2R IX. 
faul Gets a "Porsonal Letter" 


Paul Bunyan was a mighty hunter. Of course there wers no automatics in 
those days, but when Paul rammed a metcorits down the muzzle of his 36-inch 
culvert-iron rifle, it msant a dead dinosaur every shot. Paul invented the ivory 
bead when he attached a rolished mastodon tusk to his front sight, 

Onca upon a tims Paul nearly got fircd. A sabsr-toothed tiger had been 
raiding his hen roost, so hz up and shot him and unwittingly presented ths ids 
to the County Clerk and colleotsd th: regular bounty. The Supervisor heard of 
it and wrots him apersonnel letter, rominding him that Regulation G-29 ontircly 
prohibits a Torcst officer from collcctirg bounties. As a further punishment the 
Sceretary cut off his July 1 raisc. Al. succeedire secretaries have ynflicted 
the sams penalty on all Paul's successors until it has now become a geological 
habit. 

(To be Continu:d) 


ee ee 


an article by li. Sherman which gives very interesting and tim2ly facts on light 
burning. The articls is entitled "Playing With Firs"’ and is primarily designed 
as an answor to an articlo by Capt. 3%. C. Crossman printed in the June 27 752 "RHE 
CUTLOOK which argued in favor of light burning. 

lir. Sherman's concluding paragraphs read; “Fire cvsrywhsre in the forests 
of the Unitsd States is the great monacs against our future timber supply. Fires 
annually burn 10,000,000 acrss of our forest land. fires not only dostroy im 
mense quantitiss of timbor ready for the saw, but -- cven worse -- they destroy 
the young trees from which the futurs forssts, if thero are to be any, must come. 

"Captain Crossman, like most othor pooplc, falls into ths crror of confus- 
ing these young trees with worthless underbrush. ‘Twenty years of protection have 
snecouraged billions of young trees to spring up in the National Forcsts. Shall 
ws burn them now to prevont the danger of their burning in the futurs, as one 
might burn down his house to prevent its catching firc? 

"This is the gist of all the arguments in fayor of forest fires: Burn down 
the forsst to prevant the forest from burning down.” f 


in ths Branch of Rossarch has boon changod to the Office of Forest Sxperiment Sta- 
tions. this is partly becauso tho old name is somewhat ambiguous, since "forcst 
invostigations" covers all branches of forost research, whsther in silviculturs, 
products, or sconomics, whorsas the Office in reality deals with silvicuitural 
rasgarch only. ; 

Morzover, the now namo is ospecially appropriate because of the recent 
advances in forest expcriment station work. With four stations in the Zast and 
with th2 probablo building up of ths existing western stations, silvicultural ro- 
Sgarch has pretty definitely crystallized round the experiment stations. 


20 


Fr a a ne nie rece ee pes ne ste 


Book.on Chairs ard Forsstryv:; That tho use of small-sized material in the manu- 
facture of chair stock will pormit far groator utilization of limitsd hardwood 
Supplics is one of the conclusions brougni out in the book,"Chair Dimension 
Stock,'"' prepared by ths Forest Products Laboratory of the Forest Service and 
published »y the Association of Wood Using Industriss, 531 Monadnock Building, 
Chicago (Price $2.00). 

Of the 320,000,000 board feet of lumber annually used by the regular 
chair industry only 16 por cont is ready cut small dimension stock, whareas the 
actual nscds for 250,000,000 fect, or almost 80 per cent, could be mot by wood 
stock in small sizes. 

The results of these oxtonsive studies are of use in determining the most 
sconomical method of converting the log inte th: product required, not alon: by 
this industry but by others whoso small wood stock requir2msnts are similar in 
$1z3, quality, and species to thoso of the chair industry. 


Paul Bunyan Writes to tho Lab: That Paul Bunyan is not a myth is attested by 


a ee ey re tee Re eS nn me en Soe & 


the following lettcr which came to ths Lab: 


"Members of the Forest Products Lab: On account of the oxtremoly hot 
weather, I requsst that on Saturday forenoon, June 23, you shall not attompt to 
do any work, but simply remain around tho building and try to ksep cool. I am 
ordcring 170 gallons of ics cold punch for sach soction, and it should be dsliv- 
sred carly in the forenoon. You can also draw on my account at tho Badgor for 
all the ics cream sodas and othar hot waathsr nicessitics you may desirc. Go 
as far as you like! I should like to be present in person and help you enjoy 
the forsnoon, but I must stick to my job hers of getting out cordwood so the 
poople in Superior won't freezs to death this simmer." 


_ (Signed) Faul Bunyan, In Chargs, 
* + All Forest Activitios. 


North Woods, June 22, 1923. 


Cf 1 = NORTHERY DISTRICT 


Now It May Bs Told: We wonder whether that articlo of Schrack's, "Auto Trucks 

in Fir3 Fighting," in Bulletin of June 18, was consored by Fire Chicof McLaren 
before publication! Some tims ago thsre appeared in th2 Bulletin somo costs 

of "hold line" in diffsrent districts accompanicd by some observations of the 
author as to costs in Districts1 and 2. Our industrious fire chiof immediatc- 

ly went into an analysis of figures. Ho also went into an explosion of words, but 
didn't scom to bs able to put his finger exactly on the right cxplanation. Tow, 
Sines allotmants are scttlcd and all is peaceful for another season, this man 
Schreck has let the cat out of the bag. 

Ws want to call attention to the cat because it sscmingly is a big one, 
and, it is suspected, may burrow itsclf in th3 Michigan or Minnssota sands and 
hibsrnatc over the winter period of cost figures and comparisons. The trouble 
with District 1 ssoms to be that Supervisors have never been ingenious enough to 
think of hitching up a plow behind a truck and make fire lines at the rata of 
five miles per hour in the white pine type. Although the cost of gasoline is 
probably higher, thc expedient would doubtlsss result in a material reduction in 
cost of “held linc," provided, of courses, that the driver held to the truck and 
hold it along the desired route of ths fire line ard the truck held to the plow, 
and the plow held to the desired depth in Mother Zarth. It is obvious that such 
& comd.1avion would stop any fire that ever got started and that costs would be 
Stoppsd far bslow where they have stopped in the past.--F.M. 


Hcavy Reinfall Has Provented Fires: Thc unusual rainfall in District 1 this sca- 
Son has so for mad? it umuecessary to places lookout men and smoke chasors at 
thsir stations, but the rain has also made necessary an unusual amount of work 
in the maintenance of trails, tclephons linos, and roads. The ground has been 
Soaked up to such an oxtent that only a moderato wind is required to blow down 
dcad and decadent trees, and the protection forces have been more than busy try- 
ing to keep lines of communication Open. Time after time trails and telephone 
lincs havs b3cn cut out only to havo more trees across them ina fow days than 


Bee 


were thors at the first spring clearing. This has been exasperating to the pro- 

tection forces, but they console themselves with the observation that it is bet- 

ter than fighting fires. 
DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


sachusetts Forestry Association is putting on a tour covering the National 
aud National Parks again this year. A party of 20 went through Denver 
ss Fark through the Colorado National Forest. They wors addrossod by ir. 
Whscler at Fort Collins on the night of Juna.27, and plans have baen perfected 
for them to most othor Forsst officers while in the District. 


D-e Hard Hit by Spring Pires: It was with a groat deal of rograt that D-2 broko 
into tn big lcagus this spring witha real fire situation on the Suporior For- 
ost. Iv cost abovt $20,000 to handle the firos on the Forest during May and 
Jun2, which resultsd largzly from slash burning on privately owned lands and a 
lat, dry, windy spring. Most of the fires started outside the Forest boundary. 


ir. C. Mi, Granger has bean dotailed to Washington for six months commoncing July 
i to help on rcclassification. While it is hard to loso our Chief of Operation 
for such a long poriod, at the same tims it is a pleasure to be able to help on 


the vitally important job of reclassification. 


— 


‘zw Fire Law at Work: Tho Arizona Fire Law of 1923 becama effective June 10. 
Reports arc coming in that show convictions under its provisions on various for- 
ests, It is apparcntly a good law and simplo in its operation. Rangor Bruhl of 
the Tonto sscursd the first conviction for his forest. A party of New York to 

Los Angelss tourists on the morning of June 19 made a largo camp fire at theo 
public camp ground nsar Pino and 1lsft it burning, Other campers watched it but 
1l2t it burn to sco what the Forest Sorvice would do about it. They saw whon Bruhl 
happened along. He gota description of the party and tho dirsction of travel 
and tolephoncd Rangar Stewart of the Coconino to watch for and to approhond the 
offenders, Confident of succass Bruhl then got the Judge and took him to the 
Sccns of the firs. The other campors gave informal evidence. Stowart intcrespted 
the party and took its mombers to tho Bly Rangcr Station whore a telephone trial 
was hold and a fine of $10 assessod and collected. 


— ne ne ne at ce nce 
= on ee Ses me a SS Ne a pt a Meo en ge ee anes ana ee 


-—-——_— eee Ee ee eee 


ose Creok Timber Sold: On June 18 bids were opened for approximately 10 million 
foct of timbcr in the Goose Creck Chances on the Idaho Forest. Hoff & Brown Tio 
& Lumber Company of MeCall, Idaho, was the successful bidder. This firm has heen 
Qitting rapidly on the arca for the last month undor afvenze cutting proccdurd. 
tha, stand @onsiita.chiofly.of Western ysllow pino, with Douglas fir, larch, 
‘spruce, lodgepols pine and whites fir (lowland fir) in mixturs, The stand is 
father overmaturs and the Porost Service has wished to have this aroa cut. over 
sor many years. 


short Guts: Tho following latter was roczived from a permittce: 

"lir, Johnson; I am writing for a crossing psrmit to cross the Torest. 
( haven't time to wait for a reply to this letter, so I hope that it will be all 
night if I cross," 


He 


: 


Dita Cl 6 - NUATL tatTer@ Lo TaL 


Se mem 


Sturf; The Caseads got on the front pugs si th: Portland Oregonian 
Poesatls mire Kangror licFarland's auto registering devico at Catcridge. It also 
has beon roccsiving considsrablse publicity ovor th3 ee Douglas fir salso over 
Qdvertiscd. ‘hen ths Worestar, Assistant Porcstor Carter, and Assistant District 
Porsster Am3s came along and it got in tho press again, 


Dourlas Fir as a Pulpwood: Douglas fir because of its pitch content is not con- 
Sido.2d suitabdls for tha icactinc ue of oithor a high grads of ground wood or 
pulonitc pulp. Charactzrized by a long but coarse fiber, it is suitable for tho 
manuracturs Of ordinary wrapping papsr, high test containsr board, or any un- 
Dlcachsa papsr - this by thz sulphates or soda procoss. One mill in the Stato of 
Washington is using it in ths mamfactur: of book, writing, and wrapping paper. 

Of the 324,000 cords of pulpwood (syrucs, homlock, white fir, cottonwood, 
and Douglas fir) consumed in Ur:gon, Washington, and California, largely in the 
two formor, in 1920, only 8,000 cords were Douglas fir, In this year 16,000 
cords of cottcnwood wars consunod,--W.H.G. 


invading th> Bast; A Portland rapresentative of the Bota Th:ta Pi Colloga fra- 
ternity callod at tho District offico on June 20 and asksd for a supply of D-o 
reer2ation foldors and publicity matcrial. Ho statzd he wantod thes3 to dis- 
tribute among th3 2,000 dzlogatss of the fraternity at thoir National Convention 
@t Whit: Sui¢hur Svorings, W. Va., in the latter part of Juno. Ho was supplied 
With sampl:s of 411 of De6 matorial, as wsll as publications on gon2ral forestry. 
A year ago anothor B:sta from Portland likswise wont Zast loaded with tho Upospen! 
Of Wostern outdoors, 


Wright Richt on ths Job; Supsrvisor Wright of tho Columbia Forest was the prin- 
@ipal spsaker at the recont got-togsthor mooting of Hood River, Ore., ard Whito 
palmon, Wash., boosters and businuss moa. Theo mocting was hsld on the ‘Yashing- 
ton sids of the Columbia River atthe 3yric," Wright told of ths road and trail 
dsv-lopmsnt work bving carricsd on by th> forest Ssrvico in tho Mt. Adams region 
and what this will moan as addzd attractions to tourists, campors and othors. 


TeyTSuLTE 3 zg 


Be dey eae a Rey April 5 


|W hav; to have chairs, 
Don't ws, 
Ani hous:s ard footstools? 


Whoa you think of it that t way 
Iinaicos tha thing right... 
Lumbcring, I moan, 

cutting down trics in thsir primes: 
7 
} leusss, in tho night, 

thay whispsr thoir fsaar 

fo th: Stars; 

Ths han-noth, 

With ths Saw- tooth blight 

i her; 

i'm noxt! 

"a only See VOCALS oy ass 

Hust in tho height 

Yt DY ussfulnoss .... 

y ~00k at uy girth! 

Ths Moth says i'm worth 

‘thine 2s ban ..., 

ut a eroat doal io Grand Rapids! 


Thon w. ars struck down, pronounced dsad, 
ts it bocauss som2 anes nocds a new » 28? 


Lape 


M5enus 4 76D Firiste vith theilis, . in this particular section of tha south- 
orn Arpalaiiians dw3slls a swost litél> erowd of illiterets mounthainsers who 


vv 


Firs Law inforcomont cr ts3 Shorodxeo: Fire Law saforesmsnt on the Cherokee 


habitueloy, p2-Ssveringly, and, sand to say, more or loss sffectively "burn 
ths yoods." loucal prosecuting attorneys, Shsriffs, and other representa- 
tives of law end ordsr scom to haves no ersat sagernsss for mixing in vith 
ta7ss po20p~l3 on anything so sssmingly trivial as violations of for2st fire 
lews and rogule tions. Local frost officsrs ar at times inclinczd to lose 
faith in all the 2ccesptabl: moans thus far dovisod for bringing about ado- 
quat> protection. For instence, on lay 3, Homer Gooch sst out a little fire. 
Gn ay ll Ranger Woody and Guard andorsen brought him in and h3 was bound 
ovsr to ths Podoral Court undor $500) bond. & fow deys after th: hsaring 
Homer aud ais brothor ecilod at the homo of Sam Watsrs, witness for the proso= 
cution and told lirs. ‘Yatsrs that thoir fathsr, J02 Gooch, had said that if 
Sem Vetors wsat to Psdsral Court and tustificd as hz did bezvors ths dommis- 
Sivacr, urs. Watsrs would s:9 her husband no mors. Homer told irs. ‘ators 
With an oath that Sam ators would gct scnough fir2 bofors hs was through. 

Gn th> night of Jun2 4 ta3 Waters home ana nearly all of thzsir be- 
longings wsrs dzstroy2d by firs of inosndiary origin. Th: family narrowly 
2scapsd burning to dcath. Jo: Gcoch also threatencd Rangor Woody and statzd 
that ths orosscution's witnoss-s would nover g¢3t to Fedcral Court. ‘Ths For- 
ost Servicc at this point asircd the arrest of the parti3ss thraatsning and in 
timidatine Witnscsos, and, furthsr, that the dsfendant, Homzr Gooch, bo im- 
prisonsd until his trial. This is tho stetus of tha casc at this writine. 
Vcrily it is loadcd with possibilitiss of succsoding thrills - and it is by 
ho msans an 2xcsptional cas) for this particular section, 


a 


{Writton by Bob Adams) 
Arbor Day 


Soon as ho landod from ths soas and limbzrcd up his pious knoos, tho 
Pilgrim fcoll to chopping trecs; and when he disd he left his son an ax, a 
Bibl2 anda gun. The forsst furnishsd boam and raftor to him and all his 
children aftcr, Thsy swung the ax with michty strokes and hackod down hick- 
OricS, pin2s and oaks. Thoy nscdsd wood for house and barn, for spinning 
whscls to twist their yarn. They nzeded wood and tr2¢s ware plenty, whore 
ton would do they cut down twsaty. Ycot thegs old boys wa shovtid not scorns 
th:y wantsd land to plant their corn. Thoy had to break ths forsst sersens 
to raisc a crop of Boston brans. Though in the bougns ths birds sang swooat, 
the wooded isnd could grow ro wheat. Also ths3ir sons hay2 formed: th2 habit, 
and wain they sce a tree th3y grab it, then haul it off to saw and siab it, 
So in our day the trocs er3 foy on many hills wheres once they grew. The 
drvads all hevo Latt thoir places - at ivast we seldcm soe thir facss. G, 
af you hav2 somo stosp hilisid2 whors uscloss ferns ar3 spr7ading wide and 
paswuro grass ues mostly cizd, I pray you giv: it back to wood aud sot in 
trocs o'sr meny a rood. You may not live to chep ts sama, but rvturs Toiks 
Will bless your namo. ‘Ths fleégsling birds in many a nest by your wise kind- 
nsSs will b3 Dlust. Ws also ought in clays and icams to sect out maples 
"round our hom2s. A tr30, it is a pleasant. thing in wintar, Summer, fall or 
Spring, and we should lsara and oftsan gucte ths verse on trees that Kiimer 
wrovs bofors he 13ft his post wif> and favs in war his good youn lifo. In 
heaven I hope nz Sings and sess, mor: tuncful songs and iovelisr treos. 


letis 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol: VII, No. 30. . Washington, D. ¢. _ July 23,1923. 


eat YU A ey SVE US EON 


ey 2 D.  ve9abury, D6 


Ths local” représ: ntatins of the Ivinruds ‘Motor Company informs us 
that they ares -scriously investigating the possibility of developing a com- 
.plets.sserics: of pumps. - The cab pump of the ssries would be much larger 
than their present two-cycle engine which we have alre 2ady tricd out and 
.roported upon.. The next of a Scrics would ba the pressnt pump, and the 
third. @ one-cylindzr pump which ths company already has on hand. 
-, +, . fhe idea they havs:in mind. is to work out a relay, sscuring water 
with the largsr pump and redistributing it to the firs with the smaller 
pumps. -Theoy.havs asked for cur- suggestions which we have bromice sd to give 
to then later in‘the gsasom.. (3: 
J hav. tried out’ the Svinrugés cup on actual fires on the Plumas | 
and in the tvo instances in-which it was used it paid for itself by saving 
. an enormous bill -in suppression and’ patrol: One of these fires started in 
the canter of a bad sawdust pils, stirrournded by refuse, dsbris, and waste 
lumber from an abandoned sawmill Site. Adjacent to this sawdust pile was a 
slash arca of many standing snags.” ‘ Tes se - 
With four hours pumping we were able to completely put out this firs 
which covered about three-fourths of anacre, Ths savdust in places had 
already burned down eight to ten inches. In handling the sawdust we prac- 
tically siuiced out the burned portions. Another fire which occurrsd on a 
Sawdust pile was likewise handled. oe 
The surprising development in California in connection with the pump 
is ths interest taken by a good many operators. We are informed that ten 
of the Svinrude pumps have besn sold to the redwood operators. Two outfits 
on the Plumas who have sssn the pump in operation are also contemplating 
instaliing this equipment on their operations si 
AS Ranger Klioppenburg of the Plumas se ee it; "Dhis was the first 
pleasurable fire-fighting I: have ever had," after we had completely extin- 
Surshed the sawdust fire: °.. 


NS. YURE STATS SOLD ON GASOLINS ROREST FIRS FUIPS 
By ©. R. Tillotson, Washington 


The Conservation Commission of New York State has recently added nine 
gasoline forest fire pumps to its equipment for forest fire fighting in the 
Adironéacks, Ten of thess pumps were: already in use so that the State now 
has ninstsen in that région. Zach of these pumps is said to be equal to a 
crew of SX to 75 men using the old-time fire fighting tools. They are 
squipp2d with 1,200 fest of.hoss, givine them an effective fire fighting 
radius of about a quarter of a mils, which can b2 doubled by connecting two 
DUMPS » : ey . 

During the spring just past one of thess pumps was in continuous oper- 
ation from 3:30 p. m. in the afternoon to 7:30'a. m. the following morning. 
ths Conservation Commission requires the rangers to make semi-monthly tests 
Of the pumps throughout the fire szason. Records ar2 kspt of the time con- © 
Sumsd in getting the sump to a given locality and in operation, time being 


WW YORK STATS SCLD ON GASOLINS PORZS? FIRS PUPS (Joncluded) 


{ 
\ 


counted from the start to the delivery of water at the nozzle. There is keen © 
rivalry among the rangers in charg2 of the pumps to make a good showing and the | 
effect of the test is steadily to raise the standard of efficiency. 


SHSEP_ON GRASS RANG? 
By v7. R. Chapline, Washington 


In a recent test given to a number of students in a western university, 
a question was ask2d concerning the points which should be avoided in sclecting 
sheep range. A great many of the answers to this question gave the reply that 
a grass range is to be avoided; and a number of the men, though they had had 
considerable experience on the range, gave this as about the only important 
feature to bs avoided. 

During the last ten years or so there has been 2 material decrease in the 
number of sheep in the Western States, and at the sams time a material increase 
in ths number of cattle. In many places the substitution of cattle for sheep 
has resulted in turning over to cattle range that is better suited to sheep. 
Therefore a discussion as to use of grass range by shesp seems timely. 

Many grass ranges = especially where grama, bluegrass and even some of 
the brome grasses apredominats - ar2 probably just as well suited to sheep as 
to cattle, all factors considered, while som2 are better suited to sheep. Zven 
on those bunchgrass ranges whsre the forage is not so well suited to sheep as to 
cattle, topography, lack of adequate watering facilities, animal pests, or other 
factors may in many cases be the determining el2ments and make a change from 
shesp to cattle inadvisable. For all practical purposes the utilization of such 
grass ranges is fully as satisfactory with sheep as with cattle. aA certain 
amount of palatable grass is highly desirable on lambing range and also is im- 
portant in the development of milk production throughout the entire summer. 

Fall use of grass range with sheep is important for hardening the fat of lambs, 
and for this purpose the seeds of many grasses practically provide a grain ra- 
tion on many westcrn ranges. 

No attempt has been made in this brief statement to outline all ths de- 
Sirable features of a shsep range, but it does seem advisable to have more 
thought spent on suggested changes from sheep to cattle, especially when we con- 
Sider that sheep generally have been profitable,whils for a number of years, and 
particularly in some parts of the \/est, many cattle owners have had difficulty 
making a satisfactory profit from their livestock, 


PISGAH FOREST IS EOMS oF UNIQUS INDUSTRY 
By J. 3. Scott, District 7 


"Me and my family hav: gathered 946,009 Galax leaves this year," said a 
mountaineer in Lenoir, North Carolina, recently. 

Between November and March each year the Pisgah National Forest is astir 
with a uniqus industry. The men, women, and children of the mountains are abroad 
early and late in search of the perennial Galax, the broad evéergrecn or bronzs 
jeaves of which are gathered in unreadable numbers 2nd shipped to every part of 
the world for dscorative uses. The Pisgah Forest is, doubtless, the principal 
source of the world's supply, as Galax is very largely confined in its range to 
the mountains of western North Carolina. 

The pickers market their harvest for cash or in barter to dealers in 
Lenoir, Johnson City, Ashevilie, and other surrounding towns at from 30¢ to 50¢ 
ber thousand leaves. The experienced mountain woman will readily pick 10,000 
leaves in a 10-hour day, so that the addition to the family income from this 
source is a noteworthy one, even when due allowance is made for sorting over 
the day’s collection and discarding the specimens unfit for market. 

The Galax pickers ars in the woods during parts of both the spring and 
?all firs scasons, and because of their resulting availability for service in 
Suppression crews and their active direct interest in preventing fires, no at- 
toot has been mads to impose fucs for the removai of this forest product. The 
biskers constitute a valued supplementary protection force. 

Regulation of the picking season may y2t bzcome necessary. The ssason of 
st demand for Galax is just before Christmas when ths: bronze ting? is in 
aves and when the dsalers are in eager compctition for th: available supply. 

on) 


-—-e.- 


PiloGAn Nedaui Lo UOuS OF UNIGIS INDUSTAY ( Joncluded) 
Ons hustling firm in a nearby town now contemplates the instailation of cold 
So... - “312.165 and 4 yearlong buying season which might temporarily give 
them the junp on their competitors in the fall selling market, but which would 
certainly encourage yearlong and probably excessive picking and eventual destruc- 
#29) OF ui? Gous2 that lays this golden egg. If, to maintain the industry on a 
permanent sustainsd yield basis, proscription of opening and closing datas for 
the picking ssason within the National Forest becomas necessary - leave it to 
Sunervisor Rhoades. 


PAUL BUNYAN'S BXPLOITS (Continuca) 


Chaptor X. 


ee ee et a OR Pe a a ee 


Paul Bunyan never smoked cigarettes, but he was vary fond of his pipe. 
Qne day he sat on the top of the San Francisco Peaks looking for fires, smoking 
his pip2 the while. The wind blew out several of his matches, which he care- 
fully broke in many pieces and tossed down onto the plains where there was noth- 
ing to burn. Thess: old matches of Paul's are now being exhibited to unsuspect- 
ing tourists as th: Petrificd Forest. 
| Later on that day Paul spisd a smok2 in the northvest. He immsdiately 
| Sot out to extinguish the blaze. Stepping down off the Peaks, he tapped his pipe 
| on lit, licKinley, carefully covering the charred tobacco with earth. A chap named 
| Guggenheim recently discovered these romains and claimed them as coal ficlds. 


ter XL. 


— 


<> 
= 
E 


Faul_a Good Civil Bngineer 
| Modern civil snginsers have unblushingly appropriated the credit for dis- 
| Covering that great principle of topographic mapping - tha contour. ‘Without 
| Malice and only from a sense of justice and fair play it must be emphatically 
| Stated that Taul Bunyen was th: real discoverer. It came about in this way. 
| Paul was a keen hunter: but as gam> protection in his day had never passed the 
| Crude State license system, the larger game animals, such as the dinosaur, the 
| Wsgathcrium, the pterodactyl and other waterfowl, had become well-nigh extinct. 
| So Faul had to content himself larg2ly with the sidshill gouger, that curious 
| littl: animal whose legs ware shorter on the off sid: than on the near. 
| This personal idiosyncrasy mads it necessary for the gouger to travel 
Parallel to the hillsides on a perfectly horizontal linz, ~ whencs the epithet 
| @sidehill." One day while chasing a gougsr Paul suddenly noticed with amazement 
how this horizontal lins, so accurately pursued by the little animal, followsd 
_ the contour of the hills, bending with dach dip and rise and fold. Hencoforth 
| he used thes: imaginary lines in making his crude topographic maps; but as, in 
| Mapping, he used the arduous method of actually following each contour on the 
| round, the work was slow and tedious, and carried him to many strange corners of 
| the globe. 
Unce in making a topographic map he followed a contour clear to Tierra del 
| Ma2go and did not return for 18 months. it must be admitted that the method had 
its merits, since it brought Paul into touch with many curious tribes and customs; 
| but it has been displaced in later ages by a more efficient, if less romantic, 
System. 

(To be Continued) 


GOLORADO FORESTRY ASSO CIATION 


Mention has be2n mads in the: District 2 Service Bulletin of th: age and 
Imortence of the Massachusetts forestry Association. This mentioa brings to 
Mind 2 number of facts regarding the Jolorado Forestry Association which piace it 
in a unique position with regard to age and early activities. 

in tho early eighties the need for such an organization was keenly felt by 
& sm2ll group of public Spirit2ad citizens in and near Colorado Springs, led by 
Gol. Sdgar T. ansign. Weekly articles were published in ths: Gazette under a spe- 
|) Siai heading, "Yorestry in Colorado, for the purpose of stirring up 2 wider in- 
) rest in the subject. In November, 1684, a forestry convention was called in the 


ees 


SOLORADU FURESTRY ASSOCIATION (Concluded) 


State House in Denver. The efforts and purposes of this convention and the 
association formed at that tim: were to secure adequate and proper legiblation 
and to mould a body of public opinion among the more indifferent citizens of 
the State. Although the usual factors which stand in the way of such pioneer 
enterorisss militated very strorzly against the realization of the work of 
this small group, y2t many things have been accomplished which have affected 
forestry in the State very strongly ever sincs. 

Tne subject of forestry was taken up in the State Constitution and un- 
dsr the provision made, opportunity was given for greater development than was 
yossibl2 owing to the usual lethargy with which such matters are corsi¢erad in 
2 new country. Ths Bill introduced by the infant association callec fcr cnhree 
State Commissioners, later reduced to one, and carried a $6,000 appropriation. 
This appropriation was eliminated leaving the matter hardly more than perfunc- 
torily taken care of. The association, however, continued with its work, hold- 
ing annual meetings lasting two days. Delegates came from all over the State 
and read papers on various related subjects; committees were appointed which 
had in charges special study coursss, the preparation of magazine articles and 
the publication of addresses and scientific papers. The matter was also agi- 
tated of a Government forestry farm which, in a very small way, anticipated 
the present National Forests. 

Although these efforts bore no immediate results, at the present time 
when forest conservation is a more vopularly recognized matter of importance, 
the carly activities and records of this association give it a background 
which enables it to be & public factor of unusual value. 


te 
s 


WASHINGTON NOT 2S 


— SSS 


Taxas, has notified the Forest Service that positions for two technical men in 
his department ars open, namely, those of Assistant State forester and Farm 
forestry Zxtension Specialist. Information with references to these positions 
may be obtained from Mir. Siecke. forestry in Texas has shown marked develop- 
ment in the past two years, and it is belisved that these positions offer prom- 
ising opportunities. 


Forestry Positions Open in Texas: State Forester 3.0.Siecke, College Station, 


aH - 


industry, formerly of District 1, has gone to Brazil with a party of Govern- 
ment experts from ths Departments of Agriculture and Commerce to study the 
rubber industry. Dr. Weir is to report on the pathology of the rubber trec,. 
The expedition is to last six months the first trip and is to be followed by 2 
Sscond expedition a few months later. The route is through the Amazon Valley 
into the hsart of the tropical forests. 


—— eS ee 


is taken from a lstter from Prof. A. P. Warner of the Massachusetts Institute 
of Tschnology, an authority on airplans design, to Mr. G. W. Lewis of the Na- 
tional Advisory Committee for Asronautics: 


"I enclose herswith the Forest Products Laboratory report which you sent 
to me for comivnt. 1 can not praise it too highly. It s2cems to me one of the 
most important works that has ever been done on aircraft materials and the 
Soonsr you get it into print the better. The only comments which I really have 
to make deal with minor yoints of arrangement, and 1 have indicated some of 
them in red-penciled notes on the margins. 

"In the first place, 1 think the two parts should be published as sep- 
arate reports. They deal with quite distinct subjects, the first of which is 
of comparatively little dircct interest to most airplane designers. It is 
very seldom that the designer of aircraft has to calculate deflections accu- 
rately enough or to dsal with beams short enough so that shser deflection be- 
comes &2 Serious factor in this work. That section of the investigation is of 
intersst primarily to thoss who specialize in timber and its properties or 
testing. 

The second part of the work d3als with form factors which ar: of vital 
importance to every acroniutical engineer. The value of that work can not be 


a 


emphasized too highly. lt is monumentai in its character and revolutionary 
in its effect, and, strange as it may ssem, this appears to be the first pub- 
lication of any real value on form factors in wood. Indeed, in most parts 

of the world where airplanes are being designed the very existence of such 
factors appears to be unsuspected. I hav2 searched the works of Pippard and 
Pritchard and of Bolieve without finding the slightest allusion to this sub- 
ject, and I belisve that the "lugzeugstatik" of van Gries also pays no atten- 
tion to the relation between the form of a beam and its strength. The Brit- 
ish havs long recognized th2 importance of the work of the Forest Products 
Laboratory, but that remarkable institution has never done anything more im 
portant than this." 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 
Laboratory Man Receives Patent for Glue: Patent for a blood glue which may be 
appliesd without a hot press and which has greater water resistance than any 
casein or blood glue hitherto tested at the Forest Products Laboratory has 
recently been received by Mr. A. C. Lindauer. The new glue, which is granted 
for the free use of the public, will find considerable value in the commercial 
production of water-resistant plywood. 


Perhaps One of Our Troe Lookouts Could Answer This: "I tant to know how to get 
up into the top of a seventy-five foot loblolly pine tree - how to get a half 
dozen ladies ahd gentlemen up and by soma perfectly safe and simple means for 
the purpose of taking tea on 4 Littlo platform to be constructed in the branches 
and. for the purpose of observation. Of coursé some device mst be suggested 
that is as stated free from dahger and one that does not require Skill in its 
use. 3levators of various kinds have been suggested, but I am now turning to 
som2 form of ladder or spiral stairway of very light construction. While the 
tree might support such a structure, the tree itself must not be injured." 

{ From a Georgia lawyer. ) 


DISTRICT 1 _- NORTHSRN DISTRICT 


Fire Loss oh the Cosur d'Alene: Supervisor McHarg estimates the cut from the 
Cocur d'Alene for 1924 at 50,500 M at an average price per M of $8.46 and a 
total income of $426,665. ‘This is not just a pipe dream of McHarg's, but is 
baszd on sales now under contract and the amount of cut required by the con- 
tracts. Unless business conditions occasion a ssrious depression in lumber 
production, the cut should be realized. 

In an articl: written by McHarg and published in the 1923 "Idaho For- 
ester," the statement is made that fires in the Coeur d'Alene in 1889 and 1910 
reduced the allowable cut during the present rotation by from 30 to 40 million 
feet annually. At present, prices and taking 35 million as the reduction fig- . 
urz, the loss in income from tH? bre stiRill amount to about $300,000 annually. 
In terms of manufactured product, using a conservative mill run price, the Loss 
is ia the neighborhood of $1,000,000 annually to the community. 

The sales on the forest have equaled the allowable cut for Several years. 
The only reason that more timber has not been removed and can not be removed in 
the future is that it is not there to sell. A lot of timber has been burned 
in this district and elsewhere, the worth of which was problematical because of 
inaccessibility or low intrinsic value. But this is not true of the Coeur 
d'Alsne losses. There is no doubt that intensive protection and management on 
this Forest will pay, and along this lin: it may be interesting to state that 
McHarg is now making it a condition of timber sale contracts that employess be 
forbidden to smoke in the woods.—-Pred Morrell. 


Where Will White Pine Stumpage Stop? As an indication of possible future stunp- 
age values for white pine favorably located, a recent Coeur d'Alene appraisal 
submitted in connection with a trespass case offers food for thought. The tim- 
bsr amounted to 132 Mu feet, located within skidding distance of a drivable 
Stream. An overrun of 17 per csnt is used in the appraisal, and lumber selling 
values for white pins for the last quarter of 1922, which averaged $46.97. Here 
is the appraisal, based on these premises: 


es 


j : D- mm te OM 
Appraisal: = Psr MEM 


Logging costs ------------------- $14 043 
Manufacturing costs, log scale -- _16.67 

Total costs and margin ------- $51 216 
Selling value, log scale -------- _57.27 
Stumpage indicated -------------- $26.17 


There seems no reason why white pine lumber values in the future should 


not settle down at around this figure, and it certainly looks as though white 


pine second growth 30 or 40 years old which could be picked up at a reasonable 


figure might be a pretty good investment, even with the present high taz asd 
fire protsction costs. 


DISTRICT 2 ~ POCKY MOUNTATN DISTRICT 


a a a SS 


of the Advisory Board of the Gunnison County Livestock Association June 16, 


at Gunnison, favoring the addition of ail the territory lying between the Con- 


tinental Divide on the cast, Soap Oreck, and Lake Fork on the west now con- 
tained betwecn the Cochetopa forest and the Gunnison forest. 


This association was formerly one of the strongest in its opposition to 


the Service and its policies, and the present resolution is an indsx of the 
general change in sentiment occurring throughout the ‘est. 

A committee was appointed to draft a resolution and present it to the 
general meeting of the association to bs held there. This committee was in- 
structed to wire the Commissioner of the General Land Office, requesting an 


immediate cxamination and report of modifications and additions of stock drivc- | 


ways leading to the Forest and an additional resolution requesting that rigid 
inspection be made on all stock rsising homesteads on which final proof is 
submitted, the claim being made that many of these homesteads are going to 
patent without compliance with the law. i 


Planting on the Pike: A total of 765 acres, consisting mostly of Douglas fir 
and Engelmann sprucc, was planted on the Pike Forest during the past spring. 
There were planted 605,880 trees, or an average of 792 per acre. The aver- 


age cost per acre amounted to $17.72, which is higher than the average for the 


Pike Yorest. This high cost is due to the heavy transportation charges in- 
curred in hiring special trains on the Pike's Peak Cog Road to take the trees 
and equipment to the area. The cost was also increased because of the very 
rough and brushy areas planted. This completes the planting on the east face 
of Pike's Peak. 


| q 
Large Sale on Coconino; The Forester has approved the advertisement of 
61,000,000 feet of timber on the Coconino National Forest. The advertisement 
is to be run for a period of 60 days in local papers and trads journals. ‘The 


advertised price is $2.25. The feature of the sale is the proposed cooperative 
deposit for intensive firs patrol in Liew of brush disposal. This will bs the 


first experiment of this kind vndertaken in the District. 


Joopsration on Wildcat Fire: Dr. S. darl Taylor of Holbrook, Arizona, accord- 
ing to the Sitgreaves Bulletin, furnished a truck for hauling supplies to the 
“/ildcat Fire and when asked to present his bill replied in part as follows: 
‘Je are very glad indeed to be of any passible service to your department in 
connection with this fire and 1 personally have such a high appreciation of 
shat you and others are doing for conserving the forests of the nation that I 
very mch vrefer not to present any bill. Unless, therefore, there is some 
12ason from a departmental standpoint why you prefer to have a bill presented, 
i wish you would consider the use of our truck as a very willing contribution 


ca our part toward the work for preserving the magnificent forests of Arizona." 


upervisor Roberts, however, later discharged th2 obligation in proper manner 


ithout hurting the feelings of this splendid cooperator and so remains in posi- 


tion to call upon him again in case of need. 


BY 


| 
| 


DISTRICT 3_{ Continued ) 


Indian Lor3 and Curios; The Coconino reports a new kind of use. An Apache 


Indian known as Indian Miller, has a camp near Walnut Canyon. "He has an 
Indian tepee and has collected quite a bunch of curios, including different 
species of horned toads, snakes, a Gila monster, etc., etc. He lectures to 
the tourists on the fauna of the Southwest, and also gives a very interesting 


talk on the cliff dwellers and prehistoric settlers in general. Many people 


consider him of more interest than the cliff dwellings themselves. He takes 
an offering of 25¢ per head from those who visit his Indian museum and listen 
to his talk. In case people are unable to pay he does not protest.'' Since 
this is 2 business project it will be covered by a charge permit. 


a ee 


A Tale with a Moral: On a recent timber sale inspection on application for 
gancellation of agreement, it developed that the sale could be cancelled on 
the application of the purchaser without damage except an amount necessary to 
cover the cost of re-sals. The reason for this condition was that the officer 
in charge of the sale had so kept up his current administration that there was 
good utilization, the brush was completely disrosed of, a11 marked trees had 
been cut, no unmarked trees had been cut and the logging had progressed reg- 
ularly from the creek bottom to ths tops of the ridges and with the improve- 
ments made in road construction, the remaining timber is at least as valuable 
and as salable as was the original stand of timber. Moral; current sale ad- 
Ministration beats all of our penalty contract clauses a thousand ways from 
Sunday. 


Ths Outlook for Dellong’s Children: Ranger Delong of the Kaibab, or more partic- 
ularly Ranger Delong's children, featured in an articles which appeared in the 
last issue of the Outlook magazine. The article was by Dr. Frank Waugh, 
Recreational Zngineer who visited the Kaibab last summer. It pictures Delong's 
Children boing deprived of the wonderful advantages of the movies, but at the 
Same time they are living a life among deer, white tailed squirrels and wild 
horses, that in itself makes a movie. 


On Boing a Ranger: Supervisor Olsen caught his boys smoking, or trying to 
smoke, Some cigarettes that thoy had picked up at a neighbor's house. "BEoys,' 
hg warned them, "if you smoke those things you will never be great big smart 
Ss end you cannot learn as fast as the boys that don't smoke when you go to 
school." 

"That's all right, dad," the boys answered, "We're not going to school, 
we're just going to grow up and be Forest Rangers." 


DISPRIGT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTAICT 


Another Jolt for Horatio: Mr. R. YY. Ayres, who was in the office yesterday, 
Vouches for a most remarkable incident which was called to his attention by one 
of the loggers of the Fruit Growers' Supply Gempany, and which hs at once per- 
Sonmally investigated. On June 25, 1923, a 110-foot broken-top white fir tree 
Was felled which appeared to have been fire-killed, as it was standing in a 
burnt-over area. ‘When it fell, thers was a solid butt log 20 feet long and 
@bout 5 feet in diameter, and above that the whole tree simply split into 
Strips. Upon investigation it was found that the 90-foot uppsr section of the 
tree was nothing but a hollow cylinder with walls about 4 inches thick, and 
that the heart had been entirely consumed by firs, which was still burning at 
the bottom of this natural chimney. There were no lightning scars and no sign 
of rot, and the trec stood at least 600 feet from any road or railroad; the 
only solution of ths mystery thersfore seemed to be that at the time this area 
was burned over, September 3, 1922, fire had lodged in the broken top and had 
Slovly eaten its way downward, taking nearly ten months to consume the 90-foot 
Column. Shortly after observing this phenomenon Mr. Ayres heard of a similar 
OCcurrence, and has come to the conclusion that this may explain some of the 
unaccountabls fires that have puzzled woodsmen in the past. A tree burned in 
this manner could easily be blown down by a high wind and thus set fire to the 
Surrounding forest. 


WSS 


is 


DISTRICT 5 ( Continued} 


High Yoltaee Lines on the Sierra; The transmission lines of the Souther 
ifornia Zdisen Company from the Pinsridge District carry the higheses v 
in the world = £0 0 90- a 


Packers’ Association Organized; The Huntington Lake Packers’ ASSociatior 
recently orgarii20 to "guard, promote, and protect the interests of thos 
gaged in the business of packing and horse transportation." This is the 
packsrs' association to be organized in this district and probably in th 
tire Service. If any field officers are interested they can obtain furt} 
information by writing to the District Forester.. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACE FIC DISTRICT 


Heavy Stuff: Klement & Kennedy, operating on th2ir sale of timber on the 
Snoguilmie Porest, have installed one of the largest Lidgerwood outfits | 
the country. The weight of the machine is 110,000 pounds. The wire tor 
the machine weighs 90,000 pounds, and is 40,200 feet in length. It is 3s 
mated that this rig Hanah skid 2,000,000 rset of logs per month when havli 
from 1,500 to 2,00 feet, and three to thres and a half million when hauli 
from 1,000 to 1,5C0 fest. The machine is made of cast steel throughout w 
structural steel bed frame. Six drums are used. ‘The boiler is said to be 
largest aver put on a donkey engine. It is 76 in, by 144 in., and oblong 
Shape.--\/.A.S. Dee = 


Boy Scout Contacts; Forest axaminer A. A. Griffin of the Rainier has been ¢ 
ignated as export cxaminecr in Conservation and Forestry for the Tacoma cote 
oi the Boy Scouts of America, He will give the quizz2s and issue corti figs 
to the candidates for thes2 two Merit Badges. 


Service Bulletin| | 


U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Yol. VII, No. 31. "Washington, D. C. July 30, 1923. 


- USING THE ACCRETION BORER IN STUMP ANALYS3S 
By Hermann Krauch, fort Valley Experiment Station 


In making stump analyses of. old trees it is gensrally very difficult 
to count the rings on the outer side of the stump, To do so it is necessary 
to prepare a perfectly smooth surface and this takes considerable time. 
Moreover, making counts of rings on a pitchy stump or in the glaring sun is 
not a very agreeable job. It has therefore occurred to the writer that a 
core could be extracted from the outer part of the stump by means of an 
accretion borer and the rings of that portion counted at any convenient 
place.: I do not’ know whether some one has already hit on this simple scheme 
or not, but it seems well worth whils to call attention to it. 

. We have: lately been informed that an accretion borer 14 inches to 16 
inches long can be secured. Such an instrument will enable us to secures 
cores which reach to the center of many stumps. This, however, will probably 

-not. prove to be a practical plan so long as the inner rings of the stumps 
can i counted with ease. 


. PALATABILITY - WHAT IS IT? 
By Leland S. Smith, Modoc 


The dictionary defines palatability as: Agrseable to the palate or 
taste; savory. 

As there -is considerable difference of opinion among Porest Officers 
on th question of palatability of browse species for various classes of 
stock, the following is being sent in for comment. | 

' There are several species of brush on the Modoc - Cércocarpus and 
Amelanchier, which on certain Forests are considered as excellent browse. 
Amelanchier, or Serviceberry, is considered on the "Zast Side" Forests of 
D-5 especially as’ ‘good to excellent" browse, depending on locality and class 
-of stock, and mahogany, particularly the pepantees speciss, Cercocarpus parvi- 
folius, is considered excellent browse and "highly palatable" or "relished by 
‘Stock and eaten closely." 

In this region the question arises, “Is everything saten by stock to 
be considered palatable?" 

In 1917-18 considerable value was given to Cercocarpus ledifolius and 
Amslanchier alnifolia. Since then, however, this value has been reduced to 
the point whers, if the main speciss is mahogany in a browse type or service- 
berry in a timber-browse type, very small value is given, or none at all, 
for summer range,which is the only. season we are concerned with. 

While it is known, of course, that in California horses have been 
wintered and pulled through in fair shape on mahogany, and, due to lack of 
hay, cattle have been fed on choppsd mahogany boughs in yee such a fact 
is not considered sufficient evidence to warrant giving it much valus for 
summer grazing. 

In arriving at a palatability factor applicable to grazing reconnais- 
Ssance where the figures are to be applied to summer grazing, it is felt that 
no browse should be given a high figure where it is fed only in winter, or 
Only when other forage is lacking, Since to do so would lead to Wdicibetig ies 0822 


isd th tS 


In case of browse species classed as good to excellent forage for any 
stock, we have on the Modoc bitterobrush, wild plum and others, which are con 
sistently cropped close on all ranges generally in the fall, but to some ex 
tent in the spring. It is seldom that they attain much height growth except 
in more or less inaccessible localities or regions far from water, where it 
is found higher than a man on horseback. On the other hand, in all farts 
of the Forest we find both mahogany and service, from low bushes a foot or © 
more to 16 feet high and 2" to 4" in diameter, with no evidence of cropping, 
It would seem that where a country is as fully stocked as this region is ang 
has been that were these specizs as palatable as formerly considered, they 
would not have been able to reach such growth. On all but a few allotments 
these species are not only ungrazed, but are hardly touched. The stock do 
not crop such browse species as a rule till there is a lack of all other 
forage, then they have to,’ 

The question to my mind is, "Are we justified in allowing for this 
forced or possible utilization in arriving at the grazing capacity of a range?! 

It has been said that as yét we know very little about the value and 
capacity of brush land for (&H. Do we want to carry our capacity studies so 
far that we can say that stock can be forced to eat such and such browse? 
Do we want to stock’ a browse range composed of such species of low 

BeLetehality He a carrying. ealarsevs which was based on such conclusions? 


“peg, tee OR _A Na "SURGE" 
By M. A.’ Benedict, Sierra 


The best Pheuaie and sffort of every Forest officer in the Service has 
been directed to the cutting down of our losses from fire, and while we havs 
Some distance. yet to go to satisfy ourselves that the protection we are ds- 
livering is adequate, yet I do not believe there will be any startling in- 
crease in suppression efficiency. It has largely settled down to a question 
of personnel. Personally, I feel that we can never attain a high degree of 
efficiency when we must depend as we do upon 2 constantly changing short-term 
force. It stands to reason that in a highly specialized work no organization 
can be consistently sffective when the District Rangsr or his protective forces 
ars new to their job. We can develop the most detailed plans on earth, but 
back of all plans we must have some one who has training and experience to 
put them into effect. .- 2a eat aah 

Can anyone imagine a city fire department hiring a chief or a fireman 
without previous training, or without giving him training and a lot of it? 

Can you imagine them hiring a man for four months of the year and expecting 
the underwriters to give them the rating of an efficient organization? We 

do it and more, for our firemen are widely scattered and "on their own" in 

many suppression jobs. Ths wonder of it is that we get by at all. 

Fire isa spectacular thing and the losses are like a wart on your 

_ Hose - you. can't help seeing them. for that reason I believe we are over- 
looking another cause of loss simply because it doésn't hit us hard enough 
to make an impression. I refsr to our losses from bugs. inall our yellow 
Pine stands we find the work of the Dendroctonus brevicomis, or pine beetle, 
and he is a persistent worker even when he is not present in epidemic numbers, 
It is estimated that under normal conditions he inflicts a loss of perhaps 
SO M feet per section in timber that runs Io or 12 million to that unit. 
That means only 10 or 20 trees per section, and the forest officer who has not — 
had much experience in "bug" work will hardly notice it. If they, the bugs, 
get on the rampage and reach the epidemic stage, the losses will run up to 
40 60 50 or more trees per section, and then we commence to take notices. 
Visualize, if you will, the endemic loss grouped in @ single place, as you 
see it ina fire. Jmagine every section in your yellow pine type having about 
2 acres swept clean every year. You certainly wouldn't ask the District For- 
ester to hang any fire medals on you for such a record, but that is what is © 
happening. I venture to say the California Forest lost more from bugs in fhe 
Upper Lake District last year than they have lost from fire in the last ten 
years,.including the Grindstone fire. On the Sicrra we have lost more from 
bugs on the Chiquito project alone in the last four years than we have from 
fire.over the entire Forest for ten years. 


ed 


IMS SES FOR a Way _"SUG3" (Concluded) 


Can we expect to raise timber with a joss like this eating into our 
forest capitai? On a hvnired year rovstion it probably means a loss of 25 
per cent. That means that one-fcurth of our yellow pine tyre is idle be- 
cause of this one menacs. What's the answer? 


——> 


By F. W. Cleator, D-6 


“Short skirts" is what the ranger proffered when I asked what he thought 
about the grove of little trees on the camping ground, all carefully limbed, 
each surmounted with its little tuft of foliage. 

Are we to follow the style of women's dress in trimming trees on camp- 
ing grounds and ranger stations? I have reason to believe that there is some 
disposition to copy the female vogue of the past few seasons from observa- 
tions made on a recent field trip of two months on three Forests. 

The particular forestsr who named the style admitted that he 
resvronmsible for the trimming and didn’t exactly admire the looks of it, and 
believed that skirts were coming down anyway. Passing the buck, of ccurse, 
yet neither of us could suggest a practical remedy for replacing the branches. 

A solitary sxample of this kind of treatment would call for little mors 
than some casual advice or a memo. to the surgeon who had p2rformed the oper- 
ation, but there were so many places with similar appearances that I began to 
figure that some forests must be specializing in it, and to wonder how far 
the infection had spread outside. 

I noticed that resort arcas and summer home areas in the same region 
were treated similarly, or even rors so. -A natural grouping of brush and re- 
Procuction, untouchad, is a very beautiful and attractive asset. Waturse doses 
it about es noerly correct as it can be dons. % 

What is tne result ef the "high sxirt" method? Crooked boles, knotty, 
gnarling, twisted effects, much like it may be with soma women. In other 
Cases we do get a geomstrically parfect patttrn, a fine tooth harrow upside 
down - g0cd silvicuiturs Probably, but poor lardscaping. 

Her2 is a good, safs, general rul2 to follow: When you stand with ax 
in-hand, appraising ths Seediing, sapling, or brush, either trim it off at ths 
&rousd tevel or let it alone. ‘This does not refsr to larger trees which must 
be trimmed to allow people to congregate underneath. 

Another suggestion is to lzave some natural scrsens and barriers or 
hedges on a camping ground. Perhaps a large, mossy log will help to serve the 
perpose. It is much better than to open it all into one large chamber. Camp- 
ers wake of the camp grcund their temporary home. ‘Je all like a measure or 
Seclusion wherever we ars, In town we enjoy coing-in a big mob to a picturs 
show or to a funeral or a wedding, but we wouldn't care to slzep there even 
iv they furnished tents. Sometimes two or three families, or the Ladies’ Aid, 
would like to camp together. All right, we'll havs one or mor3 clearings for 
larger partias,. We can not guarantee to suit any and every crowd ard every 
occasion, but we can bat a good average by careful planning. If father can't 
60 barefoot, or mother can’t kick the dog and the children without being seen 
by the public they are going to move on to a cozy little nook somewhere, close 
to a heck of a big fire menace. . . 


was not 


Chapter Xil. 


Cliff Dwellings Were Chuck Boxes 


Arcnasologists have long raised a hubbub over what they call "cliff 
dwellings" and "ancient ruins,” and have advanced quaint hypotheses to ex- 
plain their origin. ‘This mystery is now cleared up. Maps and documents left 
by Range. Burvan conclusively prove that these houses and caves were chuck 
boxes, wnertecin he stored emergency rations for his flying squadrons of husky 
fire fighters. : 
W2 will admit - as a sop to the archaeologists a 
tists - that these chuck boxes were perhaps later occupied by men of the stone 


nd other pssudo-scisn- 


=—J— 


dee 


PAUL BUNYAN'S EXPLOITS (Continued) 


age,- hence the remnants of stone implements and pottery; but it is noped that 
these revelations will forever end the volumes of drivel that have been heaped 
upon the world's bookshelves about a subject that is really very simple, = 
these yarns ars to ba believed. 


Chapter XIII. 


The First Bone Dry 3dict 


The cause of the semiaridity of the southwestern climate is one of 
those scientific puzzles that has at once fascinated and baffled the greatest 
savarts, It is for this reason that we take a special pleasure in unravelling 
the wystery and imputing the cffect to its real cause - Ranger Bunyan. 

Trom his fragmentary diary it can be deduced that in the era of his 
Rangership there aros= a great world war which was caused primarily by the 
efforts of a remote ancestor of Ssnacherib I to sprcad Assyrian kultur among 
the Aztecs. 

During this war the North American continent was swept by a wave of 
moral reform, and an edict broadcast to the effect that "the country must be 
bone dry." F 

Now Paul liked his mug of ale. Besides he was a clevsr fellow. He 
succeGdsd in intercepting this message, which was destined for the police, am 
roguishly delivered it to a guileless old climatologist who was in charge of 
the U. S. Weather Bureau at Tazcucazcopopocatapztl (now Yuma, Arizona}. The 
Old fellow interpretad ths message litsrally, and the resultant drouth was 
appalling. Ina year the magnificent forests of the region werc blackened 
Skelstons, and in a few years had almost totally disappeared except on thse 
mountain tops. It was only when Faul, backed by a committee of th2 (ttle 
Barons’ Union, thrsatzned physical violence that the old man relented and 
pormitted those slight showsrs that still fall in alternats ycars on most of 
ths mountains and some of the plains of Arizona and New Mexico. 


(To Be Continued) 
FERST CALIFORNIA FIRS PREVENTION ORDER 


The first legislation against forest fires in California was in the 
form of a proclamation issued by Governor Jose Joaquin Arrillaga, undor date 
of May 31, 1793, from Santa Barbara. It was enclosed in a letter which he 
sent Father Presidents Lasuen, vho was stationed at Mission San Carlos, and 
as the successor of Father Junipera Serra was tho head of the California 
missions. 

It appears that in the early days Indians, Christians and Gentiles had 
bcen carsless in starting fires. Part of Governor Arrillaga's letter to 
Father Lasuen is as follows: 

"About the scrious damages that result from fires which every year the 
Indians, Christians and Gentiles start in the fields, etc., I have taken 
Steps to publish th: following proclamation. I forward it to your reverence 
with the petition and request that you be pleased to make it known to all the 
Reverend Missionaries, in order that on their part they contribute to this 
just measure, and that they threaten the Christian Indians with rigors of 
justice in case fires are started, etc." 

According to Father MIn¢lehardt's history, Father Lasuen accordingly 
Sent a circular to all the missionerics with instructions to publish ths 
proclamation, to place a copy in the archives and to republish it annually. 

This proclamation is said by Father 3nglehardt to hav2 been published 
or read cach year by the missionaries up to 1804, the year that Governor Jose 
Joaquin Arrillaga died. 

No penaltizs were fixed in the proclamation, but punishment was threat- 


ened for violation of the executive order. 
From the Santa Barbara Morning Press. “4 


salt 


Se ee 


Spring Pires in Pennsylvania; That castern States have fire troublcs of no 
small proportion, and that fires during the spring of 1923 ware of more than 
ordinary severity, are two facts brought out by the fire statistics for Penn- 
sylvania. That State had 2,766 fires during the period from January 1 to 

Jun3 1. The areca burned totaled 321,085 acres, of which 9,258 acres belonged 
to the State. The damage is placed at $667,372 and the cost of fighting the 


fires at $107,687. 


Tree-planting Records Broken in New York State: All previous records in plant- 
ing forest trees on private land in New York State were eclipsed during the 
Spring season just passed, according to an announcement by the New York State 
College of Forestry. The increase in reforestation by individuals and cor- 
Forations is proof of a growing conviction on the part of landownsrs of ths 
scessity for planting forest trees on idle land to providso future timber. 

It is also an indication that the profits to bo derived from reforestation 

are appoaling more and mors to the people. 

A record of trees planted in Now York since 1911 on public and private 
land is intoresting in that it shows the active and inactive localitics in 
this conservation work. The total number of trees planted in the Stats of 
New York since 1911, as far as it is possible to tabulate them, is 56,691,691. 
During the war, reforestation fell off perceptibly but has recovered, and this 
Spring broke all records with regard to privats land. Ths addition of trscs 
to be sst out this fall will undoubtedly bring the total for the year beyond 
all previous planting operations on both public and private holdings, 


at ee ne a te pe a be 


has mailed letters to 4,200 retail lumber dealers in Minnesota, North Dakota, 
South Dakota and Iowa, asking for 2 contribution of 5 from cach of them for 
the purpose of conducting a campaign against blister rust. 

~-From the Pennsylvania Service Lettor,. 


a_New Book on the World's Forest Resources by Zon and Sparhagk: A new for- 
estry book sntitled "Forest Resources of the World," by Raphasl Zon and William 
N. Sparhawk of the Washington office, with an introduction by Gifford Pinchot, 
is ready for distribution. It is published in two volumes by McGraw-Hill 

Book Company, Ponn Terminal Building, New York City. It contains 997 pages 
(siz: 6 x 9) and 16 colored maps. The prico is $12. It can be ordered through 
ae bookstors. Ths next Service Bullatin will contain a review of the two vol- 
38. f 


Yhy tho Bulletin Got Twistcd As to Dates: No doubt sveryono noticed that th: 
July 16 issu: of the Servic: Bullotin was distributed ahead of the July 9 


issus and marveled thereat. However, there is no mystery about it. It's 
Simply another cas> of Forest Service proficiency. The mimcograph work on 
the July 9 issue was performed at the Division of Publications and was sub- 
Jsctcd to numerous delays, wher2as the July 16 issue was mimcographed by the 
regular, highly-talentcd, and industrious Forest Service force, consisting of 
Miss Solma Heddsn and Mr. Joe Santucci, and conscquently was ready for mail- 


- 


ing at the usual time. 


New Ranger School _in New York: 4 new ranger school, a branch of the New York 
Stats College of Forestry at Syracuse, is to be located near tho side of the 
old building at Cranberry Lake in the Adirondacks. 

The ranger school is designed to furnish a preliminary forestry educa- 
tion to qualify one for forzst ranger, or forest guard and other positions in 
the management of forests. The coursc covers 2 period without any vacations 
from liarch to December, thus giving the student forest experience in all sca- 
Sons of the year. Soms students take this training before entcring th: rog- 
ular professional courses at the College of Forestry, Syracuse, 


v_S Heke Lt 20U for Cent) forest officers are still obcying th2 urg2 to 
writs. Twenty-ssven of the 34 articles by Department workers listed in The 
Uificial Record of July 11 as appearing in current periodicals are by mombers 


of the Service. This is nearly a perfact score! 


ae 


PUREST PRUDUCTS 2Al0 RATORY 


— +S ——S 


University Authoritics Authorizcd to Desd Land for Laboratory: A bill wher3- 
by the regents of the University of Wisconsin are authorized to give land 
for the Forsst Products Laboratory to the Goverment was recently enacted by 
the State logislaturc. This provides that land adjudged suitable for tha 
Laboratory, by the Forest Servic2 and the university, shall b2 deeded to ths3 
Goverment whenever the Federal authoritics shall have available funds for 
th2 erection of such laboratoriss and shall have decided to locate them at 


liadison. 


Oe EE a A a i ee 


ity of common paints on different kinds of wood and how best to paint ths 
differsnt spccics, fences ars to be erected at almost a dozen differsnt places 
throughout th2 United States by the Forest Service: in cooperation with the 
faint iamfacturers’ Association and several larg: paint companies, according 
to 2 working plan just made. Fonees will probably be used or erected at Madi- 
Son, Milwaukec, Sayville, Long Island, Seattl2, Denver, and argo, North Dekota, 
While tna2 chicf object of this test is to study the behavior of paint on the 
diffsrsnt woods, this will also be the first time a nation-wide test has been 
made which will show the influence of different climates on the durability of 
paint. 


Lumberjack Talk: Here is the way an injured woodsman explainsd how the accident 
in which ho was hurt took placs: "Oh, I was sky-hooking for old Simpson up ths 
lins, and I had a ground pig that was no good. He sent up a schoolma’'am and 
she gunned, and I told him to throw a sag into her, but instcad he gave her a 
St. Croix and could not hold her. I slomsed for her and missed and fell across 
2 log and cracked tvo of my slats." 


"Save the Surfac3s and You Saye All": A painted surface covering secmingly 
Sound wood in one step of 2 Ladder in our yard apparently proves that whsn 
"you save the surface’! you don't always "save 211." Not 6nly is the wood in 
part of ths stsp spongy and without strength, but th: fruiting body of the 
fungus is actually growing right through the painted surfaco. 


DIS@RICR 2 - MOCKY MOUNTALI DISTRI ce 
Who Says That Shoovmen ars Heartless? The following notice was posted by shes 
psrmittcess on the Colorado Wational forest: 


NUTLCE 


TU THE RESIDINIS OF SLDORA, NEDERLAND, AND COMMUNITY: - 

SINCZ PUTTING SHUEP ON THE 23933V2S ABOVE BLDORA WE UND2ASTAND THA? 
THERS IS CONSIDIRABLT DISAPEVINTMINT DUE To TH? DANGSR CF DESTRUYING THE 
B29RY CHOP BSPSCIALLY ON TH2 WILLS TRACE OF LAND THAT WS HAVS L=eS3D WHER 
TH2 BARRLZS GOW VERY ABUNDANTLY. W2 HAVZ OONCLUDSD TO R=NOVS THIS DISAP- 
FULNTLENT ON YOUR PART. IT Is NOW VUR INTENTION TO HOLD THS STOCK OFF OF 
THIS TRACT UNTIL THS BSRRIZS azz HARVESTED AND Tu GIVE YOU TH] PSRIIT TO 
GU-AND PLCK THE BSRRIZS.. THIS PSRMIT DOES NOT APFLY TO ANY ONS INDIVIDUALLY 
BUT 16 THE 2NTIRS COMMUNITY ABOV2 M3NTIONSD. 

YOURS VERY TRULY, 
MILES & ALUM. 


Treating Plant Proposed on Cochstopa: The Trinchcra Timber Company, operating 
on the Cochstopa Forest, is planning on the construction of a treating plant, 
Srobably at Saiide, for ths treatment of posts and poles for use in the Rocky 
Mountain region and some of the ivmediately eastz2rn States. If this is estab- 
lished as plenned, it will b2 the first treating plant of this character in the 
tegion and may mark the boginning of an increascd use of local timber for poles 


énd nosts. 


Bs 


DISTRICT 5 _- SQUTMVESTSAN DISTALO? 
Call “im Smith: New forest Assistant came out some time ago to inspect fire 
Situation. While at station fire reported on Squaw Peak. In making one of 
those Paul Revere starts Mr. Smith forgot to shake his saddle blankets, and 
about the time Mir. Smith hit the saddle a scorpion under the blankets started 
to work on old pinto. In falling, Mr. Smith's cantzen also dislodged and hit 
him on the back of the hsad. When Smith came to (he being one of our best 
pencil artists) he entered on his inspection shoet under condition of horses = 
D fast on the g3t away but A - L - of a long way from being standardized. 


SO ee 


Cook of ths District Office of Public Relations and built by him for the 
Santa Fe with the assistance of Forest assistant Fred H. Miller and Ranger 

T. J. Ground was enterzd in the big parade at the Ninth Annual Cowboys’ Re- 
union at Las Vegas, Nsw Mexico, July 2. Three prizes were offcred by tho 
Reunion Association for best floats. The forest Service did not, of course, 
compsts for a monsy prize, but the judges awarded second place to the float 
and complimented ths Service on the clear-cut message conveyed by the make-up, 
First honor was taken by a float entered by the Montezuma College. It is un- 
derstood the award earned by the Forest Servics float was carrisd on down to 
the contestant next in lins. 


— 


officials are planning to organize a forestry service to preserve the timber 
arsas and to fight destructive fires. This information was recsived by ths 
Nogales Chamber of Commerce from G2néerail Zduardo Garcia, commander of the 
Sonora Fiscal Guards, who stated that government interests in Msxico were look- 
ing into the matter thoroughly and that organized protection of the forests 
could bs cxpzcted at an early date. All mmbsrs of th? Fiscales have bsen 
ordered to coopzrate with th: United States forestry scrvice in every possible 
manner. 


Brush Disposal #xveriments: In addition to the standard practice of piling 
and burning, lopping and scattering and pulling, with fire lines piled and 
burned, the following experiments are either under way or contemplated in the 
hear futurc. 1. Piling and burning through coop:rativs deposits wheres the 
Service doss the actual work. 2. What may be tsrmod “protective burning" 
where the brush is piled for a distance of 50 fset around all standing trees 
and clumps of rsproduction, the actual work to be dons by the Service through 
cooperative deposits. 3. Intensive fire patrol in lizu of brush disposal. 
Under this plan standard fire lines will be constructed and an intensive firs 
patrol will be maintained for a numbsr of years by cooperative deposits for 
the opsrator. With the result of these experiments known and analyzed, we 
Should be ina fair way to solve ths brush disposal problem in this District. 


DISTHLCT 5 - CALI a2qIA DISTRICT 


— ee 


Clauss Concerning Sanding of Locomotive Muss Inserted in Timber Seale Contract; 
The Acting District Forester recently approved a timbsr sals contract with 
the Swayne Lumber Company, involving 167,000,LCO fet b. m., to be cut before 
December 31, 1938. About 56 per cent of the stumpage involved is white and 
red fir and the logging conditions are difficult. This is reflected in the 
stunpags rates, which are as follows; yellow, Jeffrey and white pine, $3 per M; 
Sugar pine $3.50 per M; white fir, lodgepole pins, Douglas fir and incense 
Ccdar, }l per M. The following conditions, which were somewhat of an innova- 
tion, were inserted in this contract: ; 

"The purchaser shall designate definite points on his main line and 
Spur tracks wher: the sanding of locomotive boiler flues shall be done. At 
Such points the purchaser shall construct and keep clear fire lines on cach 
Side of the track, such lines to be at least 3 fest wide and located approx- 
imately 50 feet from the center line of the track. The area between the track 
aad fire linzs shall be cleared of inflammabl?2 matsrial by burning in a man- 
ner and at a tims satisfactory to the forest officer in charge. 


== 


LESTRICT 5 ( Cont.) 


"The purchaser further agr22s that if, in the judgment of the Yorest 
Supervisor, ths plan for sanding of flu2s as outlinsd »roves inadequate to 
prevent the setting out of firss along his railroad track as a result of his 
railroad operations, he will construct such fire lines and clear his right 
of way of all inflamnabl=2 matz2rial at such points as may be designated by 
the Forest officer in charge on or near Government iand." 

The system of clearing dsfinite points for sanding locomotive flues 
@long logging railroad tracks has been experimented with in the Facific North- 
west and is recognized there as a very valuable fire prevention measure. It 
Seems desireable for other Forests to consider the use of this clause in con- 
nection with contracts involving logging railroads, particularly where consid- 
erable trouble from railroad fires has been experienced or is anticipated. 


This Shows Some Class: Los Angelss bounty has just voted an appropriation cov- 
ering $20,000 for trai work on the Angeles Forest, $25,000 for public latrines, 
the majority of which will be placed on the Angeles canyons, eight deputy sher- 
iffs to be mounted and stationed in the same locality, who will also act as 
rangers and work under the supervision of the Mrost service, and $90,000 for 
forestry work outside of the Forest. The county maintains a seven-acrs mrsery, 


and all stock raised is planted on the Angeles.--2.H.C. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


A Bear Story: District Ranger Davis of the Cascadia District, Santiam forest, 
gained quite a reputation as a mighty huntsr when he recently dispatched a 
large boar with the aid of a revolver, pocket knife, and an ax. Mr. Davis 
states this was the largest baar he had evar seen; we will warrant that it 
looked that way to him at least. ; 


Tree Lookout Left: On May 12 about half of the town of Sisters in the Deschutes 
forgst burned down, including Deputy Supervisor South's office and all of the 
squipment which was stored there. There were no forest officers in town at 

the time and nothing was saved. 


=u 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vole SLL, No» S2- Washington, D. C. ; August 6, 1923. 


A REVIEW OF "FOREST RESOURCES OF THE WORLD," 
the New Book written by Zon and Sparhawk 


Rapid depletion of our timber supply has made it essential to know 
more about the forests and the timber requirements of other countries which 
may help in filling our future needs. Such information has just been made 
available through the publication of a comprehensive tock on "Forest Re- 
sources of the World,” by Raphael Zon and William N. Sparhawk of the Washing- 
ton offices. This work, which is in two volumes, contsins approximately 1,000 
pages, with 16 colored maps showing the distribution of the principal kinds 
of forest. It is published by the McGraw-Hill Book Company of New York and 
is on sale for $12, complete. 

Many interesting facts are brought out. The growth of timber in the 
world is only two-thirds of the amount consumed. The timber supply, there- 
fore, is steadily shrinking. The need for timber, on the other hand, is 
constantly increasing. At the rate of increase shown in recent years, ths 
world's requirsments for sawtimber will double in 50 years. 

The United States consumes half of all the timber cut in the world, 
yet has less than one-tenth of the forest land. S&xclusive of firewood, 
softwoods such as pines, firs, and spruces comprises three-fourths of all the 
timber used. These are very largely confined to the northern temperate 
regions, and the only large reserve supplies are in northern Zurope, Siberia, 
western United States, and Canada. The tropical forests, while vast in ex- 


tent and rich in valuable timber, contribute very little as yet to the world's 


needs, nor are they likely to do so for some time. Zventually, however, 

these forests will become exceedingly important. World commerce in timber, 
the bulk of which was softwoods from northern Jurope and North America, 
amounted annually to $650,600,000 on the basis of prewar values. 


The most pressing forest problem, from 2 world Standpoint, is the neces- 


sity of providing adequate future supplies of softwood timber. This can bea 
done by using all of the forest land for ths continuous production of timber 
crops. At present, only 16 to 15 per cent of the world's timberland is so 
handled, while the rest is regarded as a mine, valuable only for the timber 
now standing on it. 

. The book is full of facts and statistics about the extent and kind of 
forests; cut, growth, and consumption of timber; timber trade and forest and 
Secondary industries; forest ownership and legislation; all of which give 


the reader a clear conception of the forest situation of individual countries 
and of the world as a whole. 


OE 


By Harry Irion, Washington 


Receipts from timber sales during the fiscal year 1923 exceeded those 
for 1920, the next highest year, by 641,576.18. or the fourth quarter of 
19235 they aggregated $807,884.57 - also a new record - a gain of $180,365.36 
Over the same period in 192L, the next highest fourth quarter. 


NEV WAYS 2 BO One) day tN SR Deb 


A total gain of $860,896.84 was made over 1922 receipts, while the 
fourth quarter of 1923 exceeded that of 1922 by $185,442.36. With one ex- 
ception, every district registered a gain over 1922, the increase for the 
entire Service being 48.4 per cent. To District 5, with an increase of 
145.4 per cent, goes the. palm for the best showing in this respect, the 
Alaskan forests coming next in order with a 73,1 per cent gain. 

A detailed comparison of the 1922 and 1923 timber sals receipts is 
given in the following table: 


Receipts from Amount gain Per cent 
District timber sales over previous of gain 
‘fiscal y2ar fiscal year over pre= 
1923 vious year 
1 $392,029.63 $31,287.25 6.7 
2 242,355.79 42,404.01 e1.2 
3 175,468.65 48,229.05 37.49 
a 83,746.85 1,556.82 (loss) 1.8 loss 
5 902,752.26 534,844.82 145.4 
6 652,829.46 155,699.85 31.3 
7 1395279598 27,684.71 24.8 
8 __ 52.801. 46 22,505.97 73sl 
Total $2,641,244.08 $860,896.84 48.4 


When complete cutting and sale reports are received and compiled for © 
1923, it is planned to add something about the amount of stumpage involved 
in last year's timber sale business. It is expectsd that final figures will 
establish other new sales records. 


USE OF CHAM CAL FIRE SXTINGUISHTR SAVES BUILDING 
By J. A. Mitchell, Washington 


Reference is made to Mr. Headley's article, “Hope Springs Zternal," 
in the July 16 issue of the Service Bulletin, 

I can psrsonally cite one instance where a Forest Service building 
was saved from destruction by firs by means of a chemical firs extinguisher, 
Back about 1916 a fire started in the wall of the main residences at ths 
Feather River Experiment Station as the result of a defective fire place are 
The fire was discovered just as it was gstting nicely started and was extin- 
guished by the prompt use of a chemical extinguisher. No other means avail- 
able would have served the purpose since the fire coulv” only be reached by 
directing a stream of water through the opening betwsen the stones in the 
fireplace arch. By means of the extinguisher, however, the fire was promptly 
out out and practically no damags resulted. 

About six months later the farm house on an adjoining ranch caught 
fire and, while the Station force with all available fire extinguishers ar- 
rived too late to save the residence, the barn and out buildings, although 
catching firs a number of times. from flying sparks, were Saved by means of 
the extinguishers. 

_ another instance of the effective use of chemical firs extinguishers 
might be cited in connection with an experimental forest fire. In this in- — 
stance a crown fire in a dense pole stand of second growth yellow pine was 
prevented by the timely’use of a chemical fire extinguisher when ordinary 
methods of chscking the fire had failed. 

While no claim is made for. the universal effectiveness of the oneal 
ical fire extinguisher, like any other Specialized equipment, it has its 
place and should not be ignored or underrated as a valuable piece of fire 
fighting equipment, 


~Q= 


DU dt OAV SD DY GoM ale Pa Se 


ie’ 
i By J. C. Dort, Ds 
In the Service Bulletin of July 16, 1923, ifr, Headley asks if there has 
‘been any instance when a chemical fire extinguisher resulted in saving a ranger 
station building from fire, 

The writer was using Ranger 4, one of the Forest Service fleet in Dis- 
trict 8, and on one occasion we had a back-fire from the engine that started a 
fire in cotton waste impregnated with oil. Almost instantly there was consid- 
erable flame and smoke in the engine room, but one shot from the Pyrene sx- 
tinguisher immediately put out the fire. There is more or less oil and dis- 
tillate floating around on top of the bilge water in the hold of any motor boat, 
and in our case if the fire had gotten down in the hold it would have been & 
very serious matter. There is always more or less leakage of oil and distillate 
around piping on a motor boat and floor boards and timbers become saturated with 
this. In this particular case water would not have been vary effective in put- 


ting out the fire, and if this fire had gotten any kind of a start wa probably 
would have lost the boat. 


SOME, EXAMPLES RIGHT AT HOMa 


a 


By 2. A. Sherman 


The foregoing cases cited of buildings and boats saved by means of chem- 
ical extinguishers, in response to Mr. Headley's article asking if there were 
any such on record, recalls to my mind that for a very good example of this kind 
it is not necessary to wander afield. It is a matter of record that the Atlan- 
tic Building itself was saved from destruction by fire by the very means in 
‘question. 

A fire started in Room 619 about 10.30 a. m, April 7, 1921. The doors 
of the room were closed and the flames made considerable headway before the noise 
and heat aroused suspicion. Word was sent to me that the building was on firs 
on the sixth floor. I rushed out to the hallway and pulled our fire gong. Of 
course everyone thought that it was merely a fire drill and with usual prompti- 
tude turned out quickly and the building was cleared. Meanwhile, however, Mr. 
Murphy had taken the fire extinguisher hanging on the wall across the hall from 
619 and turned it on the blaze. Mr. Sparhawk had rushed down to thse floor below 
and brought up another extinguisher. The first one, however, was sufficient to 
do the business and the second extinguisher was not turned on 

It is quite probable that without the chemical extinguisher the building 
would have been saved that day by the use of the regular fire hose which is 
ready to lay and apply on each floor in this building. The fact remains, how- 
ever, that it was the chemical extinguisher that did the work. 

Little more than a month later a second case occurred of a fire in this 
building being extinguished by the same means. About 12.45 p. m, May 23, 1921, 
a fire occurred in the waste paper chute in the Atlantic Building, ‘The fire 
crew of this office responded and the fire was put out by the use of chemical 
extinguishers, A similar fire which occurred about 5.55 p. m, May 2, 1922, 
was Suppressed by use of chemical sxtinguishers. In these two later instances 
there was little real danger to the building, but in the first case the danger 
was very real and the service rendered was very great. 


There is no record of any fire having yet been extinguished in Mr. Head- 
ley's own office by this means. 


PAUL _BUNYAN'S EXPLOITS (Continued) 
Chaptsr XIV. 


fhe Origin of the Grand Canyon 


After the climate of the Southwest had so unfortunately gone dry, the 
cattle barons were hard put to it to keep their herds from dying of thirst. 
For two or thres years they hauled water in tanks from the Pacific Ocean, and 
by the process of artificial evaporation and condensation in cold pipes provided 
@ supply of fresh waters for their cattle. The residual salt thsy threw away 
as refuse, which the cattle not having much else to eat greedily licked up, 
thus acquiring that inordinate appetite for salt that has caused such inconve- 
hience and expense to all cowmen ever since. 


ies 


PAUL BUNYAN'S. ZXPLOITS (Concluded) 


This method of supplying water paewed arduous and so Ranger Bunyan be- 
thought himself of a scheme, uf 

"Why not,'' said he, "dig a hole and collect rain water in it?" 

Enlisting ths support of the cattle barons, he wasted a huge amount of 
energy in excavating lofty mountain peaks, which have-in later ages been incor- 
rectly termed volcanoes. “He sooh found, however, that they were not successful — 
simply for the reason that water could not flow into them. So he sought a de= — 
pression in the surfaces of the earth, and dug a hole which was called by hima 
stock tank and by present day tourists the Grand Canyon. It is really a canyon 
now, for once in a heavy flood.the waters broke through to the Gulf of Califor= 
nia, and the stream which now trickles along the bottom of Paul's erstwhile pond 
is known as the Colorado River. The eroded remnants of the excavated earth, now 
known as the San Francisco Psaks, still form a considerable protuberance from 
the plateau of northern Arizona. 


Chaptsr XV. 


Paul's wife wanted a ier in front of the Station, so Faul bethought him- 
sslf of a patch of scrub evergreens of a species then kmown as Microdendron mini. 
mum variety parvum, but in later ages grandiloguently dubbed Sequoia sempsrvirens 
Palling up Several handfuls of the larger ones, Paul planted them in a row and 
sat down to ae his handiwork. Me was greatly pleased with himself, but when 
Mrs, Bunyan saw the heige she waxed wroth, for the chickens could jump over the 
little trees without difficulty, and in fact had already trampled some of them 
' down. 


The good woman roundly berated Paul for not using more sizeable trees for 
the hedge. So Faul, with a perhaps unworthy peevishness, allowed the hedge to 
runwild. Indeed, dwarfed and battered remnants can still be sesn to this day 
in the so-called Redwood Belt of Californie, where sasily-amused tourists and 
loud-spoken native sons unite in exaggerated praises o¢ trees that Irs. Faul 
Bunyan found too poor for a hedgerow for her humble cottages. 


SHE SND 


dditor's Note: This is the last Favl Bunyan yarn to be deciphered from 
among the fragmentary memoirs found on Mt, McKinley. Howsver, since Ranger 
Bunyan covered the country like a tent, it is more than likely that he left 
other scraps.of paper in many forasts which ought to pe coming to light about 
now. If anybody has discovered some of Paul's writings, the Service Bulletin 
will be glad. to give them the once-over.. Bree. subscriptions to the Use Book 
will be the reward for sending in yarns about Faul and his gang. 


'O WONDERFUL HORS #! 


"O horse, you are a wonderful thing; no buttons to push, no horn to honk; 
you start yourself, no clutch to slip; no spark. to miss, no gears to strip; no 
license-buying every year, with plates to screw on front and rear; no gas bills 
climbing up each day, stealing the joy of life away; no speed cops chugging in 
your rear, yelling summons in your ears Your inner tubes are all O.K., and, 
thank the Lord, they stay that way; your spark plugs never miss and fuss; your 
motor never makes us cuss. Your frame is good for many a mile; your body never ~ 
changes style. Your wants are few and easy met; you've something on the auto 
yet."-~-Ranger H. R. Zlliott, of the Malheur, in American forestry (Washington). 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


Louisiana Has New Commissioner of Conservation: Hon. Dudley Berwick is the new 
Commissioner of Conservation for Louisiana. Mr. Berwick’s appointment to this 
position speaks well for the future of conservation in general and of forestry 
in particular. 


wile ye 


— 


WASHINGDON Notas (doneluded] 


The July issue of’ the Louisiana: Conservation News prints a message from 
‘the new Commissioner, in which he outlines his policiss and his ambitions for 
his department. Among other things Mr. Berwick stated that "in assuming the 
duties of Commissioner of Conservation it is my purpose to carry forward the 
conservation movement in all its phases in a way that will reflect cradit upon 
‘the Stats of Louisiana." > ee 


Colonel Greeley returned from his trip with President Harding’s party on Wed- 
nesday, August l. 


Receipts for Fiscal Year 1923: Net receipts for the fiscal year gnded June 40, 
1923, amounted to $5,335,618, which is an increase of about $267,290 oyer not 
receipts for the preceding fiscal year, which year. also included deferred graz- 
ing fses, Wot including deferred grazing payments, the receipts last ysar were 
$3,421,531. Timber sales, timber settlement, and timber trespass, show an in- 
crease over 1922 of $918,201, and Special Uses an. increase of $12,518. All 
other activitiss show a decrease over 1922. The only trespass showing an in- 
crcase is timber trespass, amounting to $11,827 in 1923 and $7,625 the preced~ 
ing year. Timber sales increased in every District except District 4, which 
experienced a slight decreass. District five's timber sale receipts increascd 
nearly 150 ver cent; District 6 had an increass of $155,700, and the increases 
in other Districts run from $22,303 in District 8 to j48,229 in District 5. 

The total receipts for timbsr sales in all Districts amount to $2,641,244, an 
increase of about $860,897. The net grazing receipts for 1925 are S258 205, 
Showing a decrease of over $615,000, dus largely to the changes in requirements 


for payment of grazing fees. Grazing trespass rsceipts show a decrsase of about 
$5,758 é; 
aad | . 


Dy. Sampson Publishss Grazing Book: Dr. Arthur WW, Sampson, formerly Director of 
the Great Basin ixperiment Station, is the author of "Range and Pasturs lManage- 
ment," which is the first volume of 4: series of three books on grazing matters. 


It is believed that the work will becof considerabi2 value to men dealing with 
grazing, 


TT Te Fey te Re a —_* 


at Zurich. Prof, Zngler was known to many American foresters particularly 
through his study.of the relation of forest cover to streamflow. The Wagon Wheel 
Gap 2xpsriment was modeled largely after the experiment initiated by Dr. Ingler 
at Mmenthal, Switzerland. 


FUR AST PRODUCTS LABORATOR 


a 


Some Books on Paints and Varnishes and Wood Finishing: A technical nots recent- 
ly issucd 


gives the names of 47 books on paints, varnishes, and wood finishing. 
One dozen of thes3 books are selected as being of special interest to the prac- 
tical man. Among these are: "House Painting,” ‘Fainting and Dscorating,"” and 
another, "Automobile Painting," should b2 of special interest. Like other tech- 
nical rotes, this ons, which is No. 195, may be had free of ths Laboratory. 


Orders for Dunlap's Forest, Fire Hazard Indicators: Orders for four of the forest 
firs indicators invented by lir. M. 3. Dunlap were received hers recently from 
the Director of the Priest River. Experiment Station, who expects to give them a 
careful trial under various field conditions. . 


DISTRICT 2 = ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Natural Reproduction at Halsey: Several years ago a member of the Washington 
office who was greatly interested in the prospect of securing natural rcproduc- 
tion in the Halsey: plantation offersd a workman at ths Bessey Wursery a dollar 
.for gach natural sscdling that he could find in one of the older plantations. 
According to recent rcports,;, if the offer still hsld good, the gsntleman might 
be called upon for a larg: sum of monsy. On account of the.unusually favorable 


ayes 


DISTRICT 2 (Continued) 


moisture conditions during May, following a two-years' drought, a large numbs 
Of jack pine seedlings have come up through the litter under the trees in the 
first plantation which was established at Halsey in 1963, These seedlings 

have evidently originated from sced which has been in forest litter for a num 
bsr of years and were only waiting favorable moisture conditions to germinate. 
It will be interesting to sce at the close of the season if the seedlings haya 
been able to survive the usual August and September droughts. 


Supsrvisor Krevtzer Serves Twenty-Five Years; August 10, 1923, marks the a 
twenty-fifth year of active field duty for Wm. R. Kreutzer, Forest Supervisor” 
of the Colorado, for it was on August 10, 1898, that Bill Kreutzer bscama a 
Forest Ranger in ths Unitsd States Department of the Interior. Bill was as= 
signed to the Plum Creek Forest Preserve, which is now a part of the Pike Ta- 
tional Forest, He was required to furnish for the munificent sum of $40 per 
month his own horses, camp outfit and fire tools, and was required to remain 
on the reserve at all times and to put out all fires which occurred there, by 
his own cfforts and such volunteer aid as he could cnlist.--L.P.Brown. 


forest Service Cooperates with Stats Boards of Health; Cooperative agreements 
have been effected between the Forest Service and the State Boards of Health 
of both South Dakota and Wyoming, and all Forest officers given appointments © 
as deputy State haalth officers, Arrangements were made for cooperation with 
the Stats Board of Colorado in 1920 and ths result has been so satisfactory t 
doth parties to the agreement that Wyoming and South Dakota were persuaded to 
join hands with the Service in an offort to improve the sanitary conditions 
in the mountain regions of the States. The interest of the States has besn F 
attractsd to thse mountain areas by reason of the increased influx of tourists 
and the intensive use of the watsrsheds of the principal towns and cities of 
the States, It is barely possible that the death of several people from ty- 
phoid fever, believed to have been contracted in Spearfish Canon within the 
Black Hills forest, influenced ths Stat2 Board of Health to enter into the 
coopsrative agreement with the Service. Our officers now have authority to 
cnforce the State laws and regulations of tho Board of Health,and to date it 
has not been necessary in a singls instances to make an arrest. 


= eS ee 


thrse-Fourths of Firss are During Fire Season: In twelve years District 3 has 
had 6,500 fires. Four thousand gight hundred, or 75 per cent of them, have | 
occurred during the recognized fire season May 1 to July 31. for proportion © 
of fires during the fire season the forests show up as follows: Apachs 86 per 
cent; Sitgreaves 84 per cent; Crook 83 per cent; Gila 81 per cent; Datil 8b 
psr cent; Coconino 77 per cent; Tusayan 75 per cent; Santa Fs 75 per cont; 
Prescott, 75 per cent; Coronddo 70 per cent; Manzano B82 per cent; Carson 61 
per cont; Lincoln 55 per cent; and Tonto 50 per cent, 


Advanced Study by D-3 Personnel; An inquiry throughout the District relative t 
advance training and outside study shows that in the past fiscal year twenty- 
five members of the District took some sort of formal training along definite 
lines. Five of these took leave without pay to attend colleges, working along 
forestry and grazing courses either undergraduate or postgraduats work. ‘The 
Other twenty took correspondence and night school work in a variety of subject 
Law engaged the attention of thrse of the correspondence school group, while 
Civil engineering, architecture, business administration, drafting and public 
Speaking took one each. One took a course in mglish, another attended night 
School and studied Spanish. Journalism, advanced accountancy, bookkeeping and 


advanced stcnography complete ths list of subjects into which district folks 
delved, 


that they have discovered two fires in the town of PMlagstaff before the munici 
pal fire departmsnt reczived word of them from other sourcas. fossibly here L 
another item of Public Servic: which can be added to our list. 


~6~ 


Ales 
(aa y 4 
Ed ‘ 
Wi 


DISTRICT 3 (Continued) 


| Pires Dope in Ad Stories: Our publicity on fire prevention and recreational uses 
of the forests has a genuine appeal to the public if the use of Forest Service 
“Mews material by advertisers may be accepted as evidenca. There have been a 
_number of instances where firms have followed our line of talk in their adver- 
/tisements of sporting goods and outdoor clothing, but the latest and most elab- 
orate is probably that of an auto supply company of Phoenix. In the July 7 ise 
sue of the Arizona Gazette appears an illustrated article four colums wide by 
twelve inches long entitled "Uncle Sam Opens National Forests for Tourists.” 
Three cuts show a forest ranger telling campers the wrong and right way to make 
-&@ camp fire and how to be sure it is out before leaving. There is a tree with 
& fire sign on it and so on. Several paragraphs of nearly orthodox information 
Make up the text. Near the end the reader is ingeniously told that portable 
gasoline stoves are much safer than open camp fires and that these things as 
well as all other accessories of camp life may ba conveniently purchased from 
the auto supply company. 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERMDUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Fires - 1923; It seems that the dangerous fire period in District 4 is just now 
beginning in earnest. A summary of ths fire figures this season to date as ree 
ported by the Forests is as follows: 


o4 Glass A fires 

4 Class B fires 

l Glass ¢ firs 

Total acraage reported burned, 7 
Charges against fire fund, $49 


The Class C fire mentioned occurred in the Grand Canyon National Park 
@djoining the Kaibab Forest, and the acreage burned and cost of suppression are 
not yet known. The Forests report a late wet season, but with increasing fire 
danger. 


c at Ton ove 2. S.; Por the last faw years the agricultural college 
@t Logan has had a school for vocational students studying agriculture at the 
Tony Grove Hanger Station for a period of a few weeks during the summer. This 
year there were about thirty students. Thoy are, of course, mostly intarested 
in the Forost Service grazing work, and have had Grazing Examinor J. 0. Stewart 
there giving them instructions along these lines. F, S. Baker visited the 
school Friday and Saturday and talked to them on the silvicultural side of for- 
estry. Supervisor ¢. B. Arentson had already ig them & lacture on National 
Porest administration. 


Hot Stuff; The following lettor, spelling and all, was racsived from a permit- 
tec. It speaks for itself; 
"Dear Meester Supervisor; I got your latter about my 1922 grazome fees. 
Now be pachunt. I ain*t forget you. Plees wait. When sum fools pay me I pay 
you. if this waz judgment day and you waz no more prepaired to mget your Maker 
a a to moet these fees you would sure have to go to hel. Trusting you will 
0 this." 


DISTRICT 5 - GALI FORNEA DISTRICT 


"A Good Deed in a Naughty World": One of the finest groves of redwoogson the high- 
way between Rureka and Crescent City has been deeded to the Stato by Mrs. Zipporah 
Russ of Ferndale as a memorial to her husband, Joseph Russ, who was a pioneer 

of Humboldt County, This highway passes through the most magnificent and larg. 
est stands of redwoods in the State, and the levers of trees are sseking to save 
what amounts to only a narrow strip along this road; but sentiment is forgotten 
when the almighty dollar beckons, and some of the stateliest trees are already 
falling before the logger’s ax. 


o7 


ISTRICT 5 (Continued) 


ue Can Qualify: In response to a questionnaire sent to the field to gain infor= 
mation regarding the amount of training recsived by each man, Ben Johnson of 4g 
the Modoc unlimbers his soul as follows: "I ain't took no extry trainin’ in 
books, ‘cept out o' the Lit'ry Digest an' some o' Zans Grey's, but I had a 
heluva lot of trainin’ on the Devilish Garden an’ elsewhere, an' hev aquired sum 


new kuss words, if they will help any." a 
"The Tiger of France” is a Forester: More than a year ago Wythe Williams, writs 


ing from Paris of Clemenceau, whose home he had visited on the seacoast, told ~ 
this story of the old man: P 
"But I love it," he said; "I love this place. 1 amof it. Ifone says — 
one loves a woman, well, that is all; one can add nothing. It is like that when 
I say that I love this place where I was born." uf 
He pointed to the forest. "I have watched that forest grow - these great 
pines. Zighty years ago thers was not a single tree there.'' He stopped and 7 
picked a little flower from the sands - a dslicate flower with exquisite perfum; 
"Sec, that grows here," he said, handing it to me. "It is called ‘the pink of 
the dunes.' And thera are immortelles too." He pointed about him. "And the 
heather = and over ther2 by the house, you see, I am raising a plantation of 
Pines from ths sand," : 
‘la stopped speaking for 2 moment, then continued with one of the few ~ 
touches of solemnity that I have ever heard from him. "I am almost eighty; but” 
what if I diea year from now - or & month from now? I am going to give myself 
the pleasure of planting trees to see that they take root and grow." 


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—— ee ee ee 


Going Strong: Some of the livestock associations of sastern Oregon believe in 
"going the whole hog or none." When they agree to cooperate they mean “hat 
they say. Witness the following letter from ths Secretary of the Silver Creek” 
Cattle and Horse Association (Ochoco) to "Mr. Gattleman": a 
“Dear Sir: At a meeting of the Silver Cr2ek Cattle and Horse Asso. held © 
hsre on April 12, the forestry officials, at the request of the local associa= ~ 
tion, tendered you a grazing permit for the fiscal season for 300 head of cattle 
A copy of permits approved by the Department and furnished this associa= 
tion reveals the fact that you did not avail yoursélf of this opportunity to use 
&@ grazing permit, 1é 
In view of the fact that it costs us $1 per head to cover grazing fees, 
salting and herding expenseg on each and every permitted animal we sraze in the 
forest, and in visw of the tte fact that at the best your cattls will cause 
additional work and expense, not only in eating feed and salt that should go to 
psrmitted cattle, but by their effort to drift back to Harnsy, we feel that you” 
Should have taken this psrmit and assisted your neighbors and friends in mest= 
ing the expense of hiring a range herder. : 
; _ You ara, doubtless aware of the fact that the cattle you turnsd loose 
along’ ths forest boundary will drift into the forest 2long with the other cat= 
tle unless you make a definite effort to keep them out. With this certainty ~~ 
confronting us, we fsel that it is only courtsous for us to advise you now that 
Since you do not cars to secure a permit in order to protect our interests, it” 
will be incumbent upon us to furnish the forestry department with proof of any 
trespass in case your cattle get in the forest." 


a NEC (Sm 
AUs ge) 


e7THEHT OF AEROS 


U.S.FoREStT SERVICE 


(Contents Confidential ) 


Washington, D. Ce 


Vol. Vil, No. dae ugus ’ ry 


FOREST SERVI OE AIDS PRESIDENTIAL PARTY AT TIME OF . 
LAT PRESIDENT HARDING'S DEATH 


The Forest Sérvice, like every other agency of the Government, re- 
gretted the passing on of the late President Harding deeply and with the . 
utmost sincerity. In his death the Forest Service lost not oat a kindly 
Chief gxécutive but an interested friend as. well. 

Fortunately, the Forest Services was ina position to sehen aid to : 
Secretary Wallace and the Presidential party in San Brancisco during ice 
trying days. A letter to The Forester from District Forester Redington - 
tells the whole story and the SERVIC% BULLATIN is glad to publish Mr. Reding- 
ton's l2tter in full. It shows that the Service was again ready and aepend- 
able in the face’ of an emergency. - 


District Forester Redington's Lettor 
. August 7, 1923, 
The Forester; 


As is poteeay Ienown, the late President Harding because of illness 
came direct from Seattle to San Francisco, cutting out his Yosemite trip, and 
took to his bed in the Palace Hotel on the morning ‘of July 29. On Monday morn- 
ing early 1 endeavored to get in touch with the party in order to determine 
if Col. Greeley had come south, but was unable to do so. I went up at noon 
to the Commercial Club to attend a meeting of the Federal Business Association 
and found that Z. A. Beals of the Weather Bureau had gotten hold of the Secre- 
tary of Agriculture and had brought him over to this luncheon. He was guest 
of honor together with the Commissioner of the General Land Office, ex-Governor 
Spry, and Congressman McLafferty. I learned from the Secretary there that 
Gol. Greeley had left the party at Seattle. 

On Tuesday morning at 11 o'clock the Departmental Club arranged ‘that 
the Secretary meet all of the employees of the Department located in the Bay 
Gities and Mr. Wallace spoke most interestingly for about 10 minutes to nearly 
200 people at that time. He then introduced the Speaker of the House, Ifr. 
Gillette, who expressed his satisfaction at meeting some of the people who 
are working for the Department headed by Secrdtary Wallace. It was then my 
Pleasure to go with the Secretary and Speaker for 2 short trip to the dock of 
tac Vatson Navigation Company where the work of the Federal Horticultural In- 
31:aution Board was looked over. At 2p. m, by request of the stockmen, and 
Gio svgeestion of Secretary Wallace, Mr. Nelson and I went up to the Palace 
Totel where the Secretary and the Commissioner of the General Land Office met 
the ovficials of the Sheep & Cattle Associations of California to discuss the 
provlems confronting the industry. Vernon Metcalf of Nevada, Secretary of the 
Nevada Stockmen's Association, made a statement which I believe is similar to 
the one he made to Col. Greeley at Denver. The stockmen pleaded for the ap- 
pointment of a Commission to study the interrelated questions of forest and 
public range control and administration. 


The Secretary several times on this day recorded his satisfaction at 
the improvement in the condition of the President who, on Monday, had nad a x 
slight pneumonic trouble develop. Mr. Wallace even asked me to make arrange He i} 
ments to take him by motor from San Francisco to Lake Tahoe and Truckee whexce | 
he expected to take the Overland Limited going Zast. | 

On Wednesday noon, August 1, Mr. Dechant, Secretary of the Departmental 
Club, and myself called on Secretary Wallace at the Palace Hotel and escorted » | 
him to the Commercial Club where 37 members of this organization greeted hin. | 
Following the luncheon the Secretary asked the various heads of the Bureaus to | 
discuss with him any problems which they had on their minds and Mr. Beals i” | 
raised the question of payment of salaries and accounts of the Bureaus (who dow | 
have to transact their business with Washington) through 2 local Fiscal Agmnt. a 
The crying need of more funds to take care of the sanitation problem on the : @ 
National Forests was also discussed. The problems concerning other Bureaus: : 
were also discussed including the question of increasing the weight of matter 
which could be carried under frank through the mails. Then followed an in- 
formal talk by Secretary Wallace regarding his impressions of Alaska and evypry- 
one agreed that as a word picture it was a very remarkable one of conditioas 
and problems in that Territory. Following this luncheon, the Secretary weni 
to the office of the Bureau of Public Roads, then returned to the Palace Miel. 

At 11 o'clock on Thursday, August 2, I called on Secretary Wallace to 
ascertain his views in regard. to the proposed trip to Lake Tahoe. He said 
that he could not then decide but indicated his hope that the trip might bé 
made, expressing again his satisfaction. over the President's condition. 

The following is a record of my diary for August 5 which will give 
some of the incidents of the day following the passing of our honored and te~ 
Taped EECeagcHt. 


"Last mieht at 7.20, the president of the United States, Varren G. 
Harding, was stricken ane apoplexy in his suite at the Falace Hotel, San fran- 
cisco. The Secretary of Agriculture, Henry ©. Wallace, was good enough to call 
me up at about 9 o'clock to give me the news and he indicated that he would 
want some work done which required the services of a man stenographer. I 63- 
cured the services of Mr. Cary Hill and together we went over to San Francisco 
arriving there at midnight, talking briefly with Secretary Wallace and with 
Mr. Judson Welliver, one of the President's secretaries... It was ascertains 
that what was. needed. were typists rather than stenographers, and we left for 
home with the agreement that we would be prepared the next morning: to sabe 
a number of typists for the work that needed to be done. 

At 6 o'clock this morning. various girls in the office were odiea up by 
Deering and myself and asked to be. at the office by 7.0%. Arrived at the of- 
fice at 7.20 but received no call to give assistance until about-10 ‘0 clock. 
when with Hess, Mrs. Decker, Miss. Davies, and Miss Vinther, I repaired to the 
Palace Hotel and under the direction of Vir. Welliver worked. until 5 o'clock in 
the afternoon. Nelson and. Tair also did some work in this connection. The 
secretary personally expressed his appreciation of the assistancs rendered, 
commending the girls on their excellent work .and. Mr. Welliver seemed also to 
be appreciative. 

A brief. funeral service was, ‘held. in the Pregiababls suite. at 5 o'clock. 
At 6 o’clock the casket was. borne. through crowded streets to Third and Town- 
send Streets, where it was ges on board the. special train which left. for , 
Washington at 7p. m. } 

Our work at the Palace consisted of copying all the massages of condo- ' 
lence which had béen sent to lirs. Harding and to Secretary Christiane. .Liter- ; 
ally every nation in the world and almost every personage of any “impor tance “in 
this country had sent in these telegrams. Besides these, all. the health bulle- 
tins issued by the consulting physicians wers. typed. The Vice President, 

Calvin Coolidge, took the oath of office early this morning at his home in —_ 
mouth, Vermont, and then s tarted on.his way.to Bitte yt 


syie-s 


We, naturally, were Bee ce ‘glad. to be of. any help and svevepue in the 
office stayed voluntarily almost through the day to see if there was something 
which they could do. . ,; 

Very truly yours, 
PauL G. RIDINGTON, 
District Forester. 7 


—pe 


ANOTHER ANSWER TU MR. HMADLEY'S FIRE EXTINGUISHER ARTI CLUS 


a a a 


By Frank P. Cunningham, Sequoia 


Assistant Forester Headley stated in his article in the Service Bulle- 
tin of July 16 that no case is known to him where a chemical fire extinguisher 
has saved a. building, All yearlong ranger dwellings on the Sequoia National 
sorest are squipped with an Underwriters extinguisher. About August 1916, 
lies. Lyons discovered a fire in the house the Lyons family occupiad at ths 
Supervisor's headquarters. Lyons and myself were in the office and responded 
peomptly to the alarm, he with the extinguisher for his house and I with the 
o23 for the office building. We found the pantry, aroom 6 x 12 feet, a solid 
biaze. We used both extinguishers and before one-half the charge in each was 
exhausted had the fire totally extinguished. 

This tire occurred at a time when our water supply was very low and the 
pressure very light, It was our opinion that the building would have been de- 
stroyed if we had been dependent on water and had it burned, possibly all the 
other buildings at headquarters would have gone also. ‘The fire would probably 
have spread to the dry grass on the surrounding hills with a resultant serious 
forest fire and danger to the town of Hot Springs and surrounding ranch build- 
ings. I was under the qoneeeetcn this case was officially reported to the 
District office, 

The log cabin at headquarters caught on fire during the winter of 1919, 
due to faulty construction of the fireplace. The extinguisher quickly put the 
fire out. ‘his fire could have been handled successfully with water. 

In 1921, when recharging the extinguishers at headquarters, we discov- 

| ered that one had been overlooked and not recharged sincs 1916. We tried it 
and found it operated as good as those charged in 1920. Ido mot believe it 
safe to depend on this, however. ‘They should be recharged every year and 
every station which has an extinguisher should have a promiss card in addition 
to the tag on the extinguisher to insure that recharging is done at regular 
intervals. 


ouuery ATE YOUR N3IGHEORS 
By A. G. Jackson, Oregon 


One lesson of the Herman Creek (Oregon Forest) fire of 1922 that every 
district ranger, lookout man, patrolman, guard -.in fact, every member of the 
protestive forces can take home to himself - is the valus of securing in ad- 
vance the cooperation of séttlers and visitors in or near his district. 

The Herman Creek fire burned at least one day and spread over more than 
&@ thousand acres before any member of the Forest Service knew about it. Smoke 
conditions in the Columbia Gorge at the time explain why our lookouts failed 
to discover it, but the only reason that local residents did not report the 
fire to the Forest Service lies in the fact that no one had impressed on them 
how they might cooperate and thus help prevent forest fires. Zvery rancher 
and other resident or sojourner in a ranger district is a possible cooperator 
and should be approached on the forest. fire question before the fire season 
opens, and "sold" the idea of protecting the forests by reporting to the 
rangers as soon as’ possible after discovery any forest fire or fire that threat- 
ens any forest land. If this had been done sarly last season, it is very prob- 
able that there would have been no Herman Creek fire costing more than $40 ,0 00 
and which left a scar in the Columbia Gorge Park that years can not wholly 
obliterate, 

It is quite possible that there were other fires in the Northwest that 
became large and destructive under conditions like those at Herman Creek. I 
belisve it will pay well for all forest officers. to cultivate their neighbors. 


WASHINGTON NoT3s 


der orestation in indiana Becoming Popular; Reforestation in Indiana under the 

j21 tax law exempting forest lands from all except $1 an acre taxes has be- 
Cotte SO popular that the forestry division of the State Conservation Depart- 
mvt has engaged an assistant forester to attend to the work of classifying 
such lands. (©. C. Deam is State Forester, and George Philips of Amn Arbor, 
Michigan, is the new Assistant Forester. 


~o= 
a a a ce 


WASHIX nie=en NOLES (Concluded } 


- 


— eS 


of ths News Letter published by ths Ses of North Carolina was entirely 
devoted to forestry articles, all of which were excellently written. ‘The need 
for reforestation and fire prevention was stressed. 


Tennessee Wants Forest Firewarden: State Forester R. S. Maddox, Nashville, 
Tennessee, has notified the Forest Servica of an opening in his department for 
a chisf or district forest firewarden. For this position he would like to se- 
cure a graduate forester of some experience in fire protection work. Informa- 
tion in regard to the position can be secured from lir, Maddox, and applications 
should be sent direct. 


ANOTHER PAT ON THE BACK FOR THE LABURATURY 


Yational Association of Wood Turners, Inc., 
aa 517, South Bend, Ind. ; July 2, 1923, 


Col. William B. Greeley, 
Chief Forester, 
Washington, D. C. 


Dear Col. Greeleys 
At its annual convention in Chicago, the National Association of Wood 
Turners passed the following resolution in commendation of your works 


"Racognizing the constructive character of the work done by the Forest 
Products Laboratory on the problems of raw material for the wood turning indus- 
try, this Association desires to make public record of its appreciation, and 
directs that copies of this resolution be transmittsad to the Chief Forester, 
and the Director of the Forest Products Laboratory." 


Sincerely yours, 


Wn. A. Babbitt, 
For the National Association of 
Wood Turnars. 


FOREST SXPERIMINT STATIONS — 


How Sap Rises: Various theories have been propounded from time to time as to 
what causes the sap to rise in trees. Now comes the Hindu physiologist with 
the news that it is due to the activity of living cells, and that under favor- 
able circumstances sap will rise at the rate of a hundred feet per hour. The 
cells absorb the sap and then contract, forcing the water in seach casa upwards, 
the time interval between pulse beats among the plants studied being 14 seconds, 
The cells which carry on these activities are ponfined to the cortical sheath 
which extends around the tree throughout its entire length, 
Lika in animals, with increasing temperature there is an increase in 
the rate of pulsation, and a decrease in temperature is also followed by a do- 
crease in the rate of pulsation. It has also been shown that a system similar 
to the nervous system of animals exists in plants, and that plants respond 
quickly to drugs and shocks. Professor Boss declares that there is no charac- 
teristic action in the highest animal that has not a counterpart in the simpls 
life of the plant.--3. N.M. 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTALN DISTAL CT 


Meeting on Manual Revision: During the week of June 25 we listaned with pleasumg 
aad profit to the discussions between the stockmen's committees appointed at the 
ugden mecting and the Forester and his assistants on the proposed Grazing Manual. 
The discussions continued for the greater part of three days and finally con- 
cluded with a general agreement between the stockmen and the Service on general 
policies through slight changes in the wording of certain regulations and in- 
structions without departing from the fundamental principles. ‘The issues which 
were presented most vigorously by the stockmen's committee and to which the 
Forester could not agree were: 


ie ¥ 


a 


P2icT 2 ( Concluded} 


1. Basis of grazing fees. : 

2. Recognition of grazing preferences as property rights. 

3, The status of prior users without commensurate lands. 

4. Guts for distribution on prefgerences supported by dependsnt 
commensurate ranch property should not be made at any time 


to admit new applicants. 


+ 


cated by the stockmen at the Ogden conference and held pretty tenaciously to 
some of the principles that were presented there and on which agreement was 
not reached at that tims. A number of stockmen from the range dropped in on 
the conference and a few took part. 

Beginning the first day of the conference, the stockmen had the oppor- 
tunity to hear a brief, straightforward talk by Secretary Wallace, in which 
| hs set forth his views on the general subject of National Forest grazing. 
| He stated in substance that the stockmen did not own the National Torest range; 
that it was public property; that the use of the grazing resource was Similar 
| to a leasing privilege; that he was expected to handle it as any stockman or 
| landholder would handle it himself, and that to establish grazing fees purely 
on the basis of the cost of administration would be inconsistent with his re- 
sponsibility as head of the Department of Agriculture. 


Ths committee came prepared to reiterate and emphasize the principles advo- 


The Colorado Game & Fish Protective Association has concentrated on three 
Things: 1. The establishment of State game refuges; 2. a campaign of publicity 
and education through correspondence and the medium of its Bulletin; 3. the 
encouragement of the organization of locai game and fish protectivs associa— 

tions, 


Mr, Hatton, Secretary of th2 organization, feels that commendable prog- 
ress has been made in all these items during the short life of the association. 
The Stats now has 15 gam2 rafuges, the Association Bulletin is widely circu- 
lated throughout the Stats, and a large mmber of local game and fish pro- 
tective associations are springing up. In the past coupls of months, 6 of these 
local organizations, comprising a total membership of 450, have affiliated with 
the State organization, 


Cloudburstsin Wyoming: Tho region of Cody, Wyoming, was visited on July 22 by 
Sev2re cloudbursts which did considerable damag:. The roads were impassable 
for several days and a number of bridges were washed out. All the buildings 
at the Canyon Creek Ranger Station wsre washed out with the exception of the 
house which it was feared for a time would go also. 


‘Forest Servic> Men Visit La Salle University: tn July 25 Assistant Porester 
Headley of the ashington office and Peter Keplinger of the District office 
mad? a visit to the La Salle Sxtznsion University in Shicago, on the invitation 
Or ir. Hugo Dicmzr, Director of Industrial Courses. The purpose of the visit 
was to confer with the university heads on methods in handling home study 
courses. 


THE YOUNG SILVICULTURIST IN SPURT 


With crocus ana with Daffodil 
The city lawns ars gay, ° 

And unknown flowers of varied hues 
The jaster hats display- : 


The fields are clad in tender green, 
The leaf comes on the tree; 

With top and ball on vacant lots 
The children shout with glee. 


The sap mounts fast in oak and pine, 
The buds swell on the firs. 

The Silviculturist's sluggish veins 
Wo vernal impulse stirs. 


=F 


Afar he views the mountain tops 
Still white with winter snow. 

Beneath them in the sunny giades 
The rosy Trilliums glow. 


From sapling growth ths dryad steps, 
The naiads leave the streams, 

In vistas dim of forest glens 
Maid Marion's kirtie gleams. 


From dusky bowers of hemlock green 
The thrush is calling clear, 

By mountain meadows strays the elk, 
Beside the brooks, the deer. 


And comes the joy of summer morns, 
The grateful shade of noon, 

In summer nights from cloudless skiss, 
Resplendent beams the moon. 


The Silviculturist in his room 
No woodland visions sees. 
Hs reads reports and then he writes 
About the growth of trees. 
--G. F.A. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHVESTSAN DISTRICT 


—- 


Arizona Lumber Once High Pric2d: Contributor to Safford, Arizona, newspaper 
tells of a time when common lumber in that region brought $100 per thousand 
and sawmill could not supodly demand. The first sawmill, in the Graham Moun- 
tains within what is now the Crook National Forest, according to this writer, 
was built about 18&0 by a man named Frye who had been a sailor. He contrived 
his savymill to run a something like sails are handled on shipboard, with ropes 
and pulleys. His power was a pair of small mules attached to a sweep that 
turned a master wheel. The product found ready market at the mill even at 
ten cents a foot. The price was not regarded as excessive considering the 
laborious method by which ths lumber was sawn. 


A seriss of light duty roads (locally called truck trails) is placing almost 
very point on the forest within a few miles of automobile transportation. 
The Supervisor is considering the possibility of mounting some of the fire 
guards on motor cycles and it may not be many years before the Sitgreaves, 
liks large cities, will sse the passing of the horse as the means of bringing 
forth the fire apparatus. The motorcycle as a means of rapid transportation 
might mean a change in fireman instruction since firemen would not only have 
to be acquainted with the country but also with the road which would bring 
them nearest the fire. By working smoothly such a fire system ought to elin- 
inate class C fires, 


Relic of Antiquity: In clearing out old files in the DU storeroom, a istter 
written under date of July 17, 1899, by the Director of the tklahoma Agricul- 
tural Uxperiment Station to the Washington Office came to light. Its receipt 
was duly acknowledg2d, according to the rubber stamp impression, by the Divi- 
sion of Forestry and the information furnished. “This is no longer ‘old 
files'", rcomarked ona of the DU men, “it is an ancient document and is en- 
titled to the respect tendered gray hairs," 


Agroplane Pishermea: They used to come in schooners, and then they came in 
cars, but now they com3 in aeroplanes like fishermen from Mars. 

Local residents along th2 w»per reaches of the Gila River, according to 
the Gila Forest Bulletin, were quite surprised recently to see three hugs 
Dlanes come settling to garth to wnload fishing parties. What is the use of 
building fine trails to trout streams if people are going to ignore them and 
come gliding in by air? 


ye 


1 


Ma 


Trespass Case to Hichsst Tribunal; A pasture pormittse on a New Mexico forest 
against whom a trespass case has bsen panding for some tims has written thes 
Supervisor a ietter in which he threatens to havs the President of thea United 
States sond a man frem Washington to investigate conditions in and around ths 
forest,. spzedily remove from office ths supervisor and Ranger ( } 
and turn the forest back to the Secretary of the Interior. He concludes with: 
"jhat I have wrote has bean written in the fear of God but not in the fzar of 
auy wan, We proposes to carry this case to the courts of Hsaven whers God him- 
Self will be tha Judge and the differsnces betwaen all men will be forever 
Settled accorden to his Laws where every man shall appear to answer for the 
desds dons in the body. Thers 1 will met you face to face where all such Devels 
as 1 belisve you ars will bs east in the Lake that burns with fire and brim- 
Stone forever and ever," 

_ It is hoped ths Supervisor is in position either to effsct an amicable 
ettlenent right away or to make his evidence hold out to the end. 


——_ 


a 


AGA 


5 lian Reservation contain over 300 milss of trout waters and that these 
about 90 per cont of the trout streams in Arizona. It is.no wondsr, there- 
re, that one hears in Springsrville that the trout ‘streams and the mountain 
Scenery are, aftsr all, ths Anache's greatest potential asset. Good roads 

will undoubtedly make this ths fishsrman's paradis2 of tha State and restock~ 
ing of the straams will follow. Some of the residents of this section are al- 
ready alive to its possibilities, 


Receipts, 1925; The total ast recaints for the District for ths fiscal year 
1923 amount to $645,261.09 as compared with $899,923.79 for 1922, Timber sales 
increased about $50,000 while Grazing lost $290,000. The other classes about 
held their own, 


¥ntrance I gainsd in a most inconspicuous way; 
Leaving my name - and little elses - within a niche 
Like many others on a lengthening road, the which 
Trod I, not mowing whsarea it iad, day after day, 


A dscade and a half I came and went with those 

Who spent thansslves, or great or small, upon the quest 
To which sach gave, bit upon bit, his or her best, 

Witn steadfast zeal whereby ail work eunobling grows. 


And when, returning to the sate by which I came, 
To taks another path, I found id trust for ms, 
A shars in that high enterprise now grown to be 
Identified with many great in deed and fame. 


My small dsposits, by 4 stcady interest grown, 
Amounted to an asset for a common cocd: 

By Simply doing cach day, as I understood, 

A part in something worth while I had come to own. 


How great bscomes the small! How strength our weakness nerves, 
When, ina great adventurs, one takes any part! 
ad, my heart 


50, though I win success in other fi 
Willi glory in that cause t 


--D. S. dgerton, Clerk, Forest Service, 
January, 1909 - July, 1923. 


= 


ar = ; 


DISD Ate 4 TE EOUMRALN DISTaTG UNS 


No Smoking: The Coeur d'Alene Forest in several of its recent contracts has 


introduced a "no Smoking" clause for amployees of the contracting company. 
Since a good many lumber companies in the white pine region have of their 
own accord established "no smoking" rules in the woods during fire season, 
this ae be a good plan for all large sales in the white pina type. Follow- 
ing is the contract clause adepted by the Coeur d'Alsne; 

During the period from dune 15 to September 30 of each ysar smoking 
in the woods or at any point within the sale area boundary ovtside of reg- 
ulerly established camps, or ths building of camp fires for any purpose what- 
sosver is prohibited; srovided, that the Forest officer in charge may dssig- 
nate camp sites along streams, which shall bo cleared of 211 inflammable 
material, where camp fires may be built to permit ths heating of lunches am 
where smoking will be psrmitted at the option or the purchaser. 


Be Brief: A District Office man want out on an insrection trip from liissoula 
early in the season and presently landed in the Salmon River country on the 
Wezperce. As frequently happsns on the Salmon River, the mercury went up to 
the 116° mark, or thersabouts, and stayed thers. The D.O. man, who is used 
to handling G.E.u.%, S & 3.P., eto., and who has been fully instruated in 
regard to wordy wires, sought the nearest tslegraph office and dispatched a 
fast day letter--collect--to his wife. The wording was: SOSBYDEHQ. 


Why ths Undersh--er yr, ahem,--Undergarment? Wea have all kinds of requests, dut 
this is the latest. 
A feliow came in and asked for 2 suit case large enough to hold 56 
pisces o¢ field equipment. 1 asked him what were the "pieces" ard he said, 
"a deck of cards and an undershirt."--0.C.B. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACLETC DISTRI OF 


oentemnetneeeenean ieee 


"adam and vs and the Devil": Supervisor Sylvester's allogory, "The Garden of 
tden," won the cup trophy for VYenatchee as the best special stunt put on te- 
fore the 38 Rotary clubs of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia 

at Tacoma last soring. The scene was laid in a western orchard, digtrict Aas 
typificd by the Wenatchee Valley. The devil found the new iden based upon 
culture of the same fruit with which he had successfully tempted Zve in rormer 


times. His Seto of revenge was frustrated by the spirit of Rotary. 


Fu2z-Tzils: During April some 600 head of horses were corralled by the 
ranchers of the John Day Valley in cooperation with ak Service Officers 
Thompson and Zlliott of the Malheur forest. A record i Kept of their brands, 
about 5u stallions were gelded and they were turned oe on the range again. 
the ride was wade to determine the ownership in order to collect grazing feas, 
taxes, etc. Since the ride about 109 haad have been sold for *2 per head, 

the larger ones to be broken ani sold and the smaller ones to be skinned and 
Ted to hogs. And it looks now like a great many more would be taken off the 
range in the near future, The owners will get rid of them if they ars made te 
pey taxes anj Zkx grazing feas on than, ami we expect to make 2 big horse ride 
every spring until the range is free of fuzz-tails. --H.2.3, 


frevention Sone: Miss S. Leila Hoover, lookout on Pine Mountain, Desciutes 


pronounces it very good. 


wee 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 34. Washington, D. C. August 27, 1925. 


i a 


By Supervisor Agee, Cochetopa 


Because of the intangible nature of publicity work and the difficulty, 
as compared with othsr lines of Service work, in measuring results from it, 
one often wonders if we are actually making progress and if P. R. work 
really pays. 

Recently one of the D. & R. G. W. Ry. trains started a fire near 
Gray’s Siding on the Cochetopa Forest. The fire was around the point of a 
| hill from where the section crew was stationed and was not easily seen by 
them. The section foreman's eleven-year-old son noticed some smoke above 
the hill and called the crew's attention to it. Thgy told him that it was 
from a train, but he was insistent that it was a forest fire. Finally, they 
turned out and went to the place in question where they found a fire just 
eetting under way in a dense stand of lodgepole pine reproduction. Arriving 
when they did, thsy were able to hold it to an area of a faw hundred square 
| feet. I learned of the fire and the next day went to Gray's Siding to check 
up and see if the section crews were turning out promptly. The section crew 
accompanied me to the scens of this fire. The boy insisted on going along 
too, although his mother called to him to come back to the section house. 

He talked about fires and asked me questions all the way there. 

A pumber of fallen trees, stumps, etc., were still smoldsring on the 
area. We decided to bury them to eliminate further danger. It was early 
in the morning and it was difficult to detect the small smudges arising from 
some of them. The boy busied himself dodging here and there through the 
burned jack pine area pointing them out to us, and finally got a shovel and 
helped in covering them with earth. All in all, hs was about as thorough a 
fire fighter as I have ever met outsids of the Forest Service's immediate 
personnel, 

the fire was in an extremely hazardous locality, and hed it not been 
attended to promptly when it started there is little doubt but that consid- 
-erabls damage would have resulted, and there would have been several hundred 
dollars expense in controlling it. Upon inquiry of the boy as to where he had 
learned about forest fires, it developed that he happened to be in Salida 
last winter, and went to the moving picture show the evening that one of the 
fire fighting films was run. Some 800 people here saw this film. I do not 
know vhat impression it made on the others, but if the idea of fire protec- 
tion was sold to none except this boy, the running of the film has proven 
well worth while. 


— re ee a ee 


By Theodore Shoemaker, District 1 


Probably the best test of the merit of an article is the discussion 
and criticism it brings out. If that is trus, Mr. Shepard in the Service 
Bulletin of May 21, as well as the editor of "The American Lumberman,"” whom 
I quoted in the Bulletin of April 30, must have said something worth while. 
The editorial in "The American Lumbsrman" has been variously quoted and com- 
mented on, and now comes Mr. Flint witha further discussion of points raised 


TUR LUMBERMAN IS ALSO A PART OF THS PUBLIC ( Coneluded) 


by Mr. Shepard, whose article seemed to me to be good enough to let stand 
except for the danger which lies in it of directing attention away from the 
_main,issus - namely, that the success of forestry depends on education. 

The problem will doubtless be solved partly by prevention of man- 
caused fires, partly by changes in logging practice that will hinder fires 
spreading, partly by reforestation, aforestation, prevention of waste, taxa-— 
tion, better management of the woodlot, etc. Other things also enter in, 
but none of them will come except through the enlightened interest of the 
public. Admitting that bad lumbering is responsible for a great deal of our 
forest devastation, how are w2 to change bad lumbering to good lumbering 
except by education? To say that fires would not run if slash had not been 
left is no truer than to say that there would be little harm in the slash if 
some one did not set fire to it. To argus who is most to blame, the man who 
leaves the slash or the man who sets the fire, is like chasing the devil 
around the stump. Both are to blame, and it is not necessary for us to fix 
the degree of blame for eacn. There are & good many people, sven soms for- 
esters, who believe that the solution as far as firs is concerned should be 
sought in more fire prevention and patrol rather than in slash disposal. 
There is some basis for such belief, especially when one contemplates the 
immense damags done under enforced burning. Obviously, the cost of logging 
is increased by the piling and burning of brush. It is argued that, in some © 
places at least, this additional cost, or even a less amount if rightly used, 
might secure enough additional prevention and patrol to hold fir? losses 
down quite as well as by burning brush. All of these things are, however, 
details to be worked out in each locality and for each forest typs, and about 
which there is room for honest differences of opinion. 

But whether we are to make lumbermen dispose of slash or whether we 
are to provide extra fire prevention measures with thse slash unburned, it 
requirss legislation, and it requires enough support by the public to make 
it possible to enforce the laws. I think that everyone in speaking of the 
public would include the lumberman. He may be only a minor part in this 
case, but he at least needs educating. Through education we should get him 
to see the error of his ways and get him to do as much as he will, volunta- 
rily, to remedy conditions. The rest of what must be dons by those who are ~ 
cutting our forests wiil have to be enforced by laws growing out of the pres- 
sure of public opinion, a pressure that must come through education. Our dis- 
agreements as to where the trouble and the blame lie, and as to what is neces- 
sary to do and how to do it, largely come from a difference in the conditions 
with which we are individually familiar. It is well for foresters to dis- 
, cuss such things in detail, but, it is a mistake to let it lead us from the 

main highway along which we aust travel towards a solution of: the forestry 
problem . ; Ae. is . he ie 

More of our time spent in securing public approval and suppért for 
forestry measures, making that the mein issue, and less spent in fogging up 
the atmosphere and confusing the lay mind arguing whether it may be done this 
way or that way, is the great need among foresters. Every time we take a trip 
off on some by-way to a supposed cure-all we lengthen the time of our journey 
to the real remedy - public sentiment. for each by-way leads to a different 
point of view and to new disagreements about what is wrong and how it should 
be righted. Moresters are agreed on the main steps to be taken, involving, 
with other things, the reduction of hazards and greater care in the use of 
fire. We need to sell these main steps to the public more than we need to 
prove out all the details. y 

the lumberman is not more to blame for the ruin he is causing than the 
rest of the public is for allowing it. Wis motive is selfiinterest. The 
Same motive on the part of the rest of the public would stop the ruin. What 
is nseded is an awakening to the fact that we must change our ways for the 
general good. In that awakening the lumberman is simply a part of the pub- 


lic, and, being a minor part, will conform to what the rest of the public do- 
mands. 


“2 


19 Tuas ANYTIING NUW UNDER THE SUN? 
By John H. Hatton, Dee 


My answer to the question asked in the heading of this article as it re- 
lates to the National Forests is yes and no: Wo, for the reason that the For- 
ests have existed long enough now that a precedent has been established in 
previous observations or study on nearly every forest problem and phases of 
forest managemsant (cither abroad or in this country) as well as on a large 
majority of special. cases. Yes, because many of our older problems require a 
new angle of observation or application, and further, because thers are in 
reality many now things awaiting disclosurs as our faculty of observation be- 
comes keoner through study and expsrience. 

Whether or not our observations on thse older phases of forest manage- 
msnt havs been conspicuous by their absence or correct, or wrong, or incom- 
plete, or full, or action on them has not been consistently followed wp, are 
questions that the administrative officer or inspector should answer as well 
as the officer himself. There seoms to be a growing tendeucy, however, among 
all of us to ignore what has gone before and rscord as original observations 
many of the impressions which ara observed ina brief, hurried trip from one 
point to another over the Forests. Original observations or discoveries, of 
course, are the incentives to work and progress, and for this reason alons it 
might not hurt us occasionally to be deceived into thinking we have made an 
original observation; even though some one years ago has discovered and re- 
corded the same thing. But maay times we overlook resvits or records which cry 
out of closed or transferred files and which perhaps have been produced throvgh 
long, painstaking efforts of study and original ol:servations or gathered in our 
regular work. Bulletins representing perhaps years of concerted effort are 
briefly perused or forgotten about and lie moulding ox our shelves. 

The offense seems to be greatest among those of us who look into the For- 
ests from the outside and who, by our very position and opportunity for fuller 
knowledgs, should be the least offenders. Thus we little realize our power to 
influence favorably or unfavorably those with whom we come in contact - our 
power to push forward or hold back the Service. 

There is nothing to my mind which will work faster toward reducing 
morale and disintegrating our proverbial esprit de corps than just this sort 
of neglect. If 4 job has been imperfectly done or has been left undone, the 
officer responsible knows that and it won’t hurt him to call his attertion to 
it if done in the proper spirit. There will be a new incentive to make good 
on meritsd criticism. Thers will be new "pep" instilled. If he knows, however, 
within himself that he has done a better job than one making a brief hasty in- 
Spection can possibly do, and observations are recorded which are incomplets, 
or which do not recognize what progress had previously been made on the same 
subject, the result is demoralizing ia the extreme. 

I hav2 perhaps painted an extreme situation to point out a seeming tend- 
ency and danger, which, however, may be amply illustrated if we take a few 
moments to think about it, either by a closer analysis of our own work or that 
of others. We need a prescription for this administrative ill which might 
easily grow into a disease fatal to the best progress of the Service. Perhaps 
it is an organization problem. My preliminary treatment would be: 1 - make 
fuller inquiry into previous work and records and current plans before distatig¢ 
that fatal memorandum; 2 - Work out and practice closer correlation among dif- 
ferent officss that have occasion to observe different phases of forestry, per- 
haps from different or special angles; and 3 -.mention the other fellow's ef- 
fort, if any, whether good or indifferent and comment accordingly. No one will 
object to fair criticism, whether favorable or adverse, if that criticism is 
really just. 


WASHINGTON NOTES | 


cross have all found their way back to the haven {not heaven) of the Washington 
office after more or less extended field trips. Gill will return in a few days 
from a round of the Districts'on Public Relations business. Zon took his de- 
Parture last week for St. Paul, to make final arrangements in connection with 
the establishaent of the new Great Lakes Experiment Station, of which he is 

the Director. Kittredge and Mitchell will leave soon for St. Paul. 


Some Recent Arrivals and Departures: Messrs. Barnes, Carter, Eldredge, and Nor- 


-3- 


WASHINGTON NOT3S..( Concluded) 


the Forestry Section of Botanical Abstracts. This journal contains bricf ab- | 
stracts of practically the whole field of botanical and related literature, 
both in English and in foreign languages. 
New School of Forestry in the Sovth: A Department of Forestry is just being 
organized at the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Stillwater, 
Oklahoma. The head of the department is Christian Jense, who has been at- 
tached to the Vollege as Forester for several years. 


Arthur T. Upson, in charge, Section of Industrial Investigations, Forest Frod= 
ucts Laboratory, has been detailed by the Forsst Service to the Personnel 
Classification Board in its work of classification of th3 field personnel out 
side the District of Columbia. In response to a request from the Board, Ir. 
Upson is to look after, particularly, the classification of the positions in 
the Service held by Engineers, Chemists, and Wood Technologists. Hs reached 

Washington on July 9. 


New Stats Forest in Louisiana: The Forestry Advisory Board of Louisiana has 
authorized the purchase of the H. S. Burrowes tract of second growth timber 
“situated near Forest Hill in Rapides Furish to be used as a Stats forest to 
demonstrate the practicability of reforestation. ‘The tract was cut over 25 
years ago and the best timbsr was used, leaving the small timber which re- 
seeded the area,which is now fully stocked with young grovth. The new State 
forsst is locateté on ths headwaters of Indian Creek on which the State fish 
hatcheries are located. The Jefferson and Pelican highways are near the new 
State forest.--Louisiana Conservation Mews, 


Forest Typss of the Central Rocky Mountains 


Why do some trees grow on the hot south aspects and others only on the 
cool north slopes? Some in shads, others only in the sun? Some in the creek 
bottom, and others on the rocky ridges? 

Recent studies by C. G. Bates, at the Fremont Forest Experiment Station, 
published in the Journal of Agriculinral Research of April 14, 1923, have 
sought to compare the differences existing in the six Rocky Mountain species 
studied in their relation to heat and espsciaily to moisture. The density of 
the ceil sap was used as an index of their charactsristics. 

At the beginning of tree growth in the spring, all the trees had sap 
of about the same consistency, but as the season advanced the sap became haav- 
icr in some species than in others and the differences after a period of grovth 
expressthe ability of the species to utilize light. The first test made of 
Sap concentrations placed the speci3s in the following order, the heaviest 
being given first: Hngelmann spruce, Douglas fir, lodgepole pine, bristie cone 
Pins, yellow pins, limber pine. This is the position usually given the vari- 
ous species in general tolerance tables, and this order agreed perfectly with 
the watcr requirsments of the species based upon the amount of dry matter pro- 
duced for each unit of water the tree used. 

In general, the species with the high sap density made the greatsst 
growth, indicating greater capacity to utilize sunlight, and resulting in the 
lowering of the amount of watsr requirsd. Water loss through the foliage is 
reduced because of the slower evaporation of the heavisr solutions. 

Carefully conducted tests to determine how dry the soil can become be- 
fore wilting takes place were made of the four major species and show little 
or no differsnce between spruce, Douglas fir, and yellow pine. Lodgepole ping 
diced first while the soil still had moisture enough for, the others. This leads 
Mr. Bates to believe that any advantages spruce seedlings possess through great-— 
er sap density is compensated for in both fir and pine by the stouter plants 
and dceper rooting of the ssedlings. 

Mr. Bates concludes that the distribution of forest trees has been lim- 
ited almost entirely by the temperature relations of the species which aro in- — 
timately connected with their capacities to utilize sunlight. The tree of 
greatest capacity thus can not only outgrow its competitors where heat and 


whee 


Forest Types of the Central Rocky Mountains (Concluded) 


|) Light are limited, but with too high temperatures may suffer severely by the 

| failure of its very dense sap to cvanorate freely. Hach species, apparently, 

| has now adaptsd itself to the moisture conditions it commonly encountsrs in 

| its own temperature zone through its rooting habits. 

Thus, because of special adaptations, soil moisture, and particularly 

| the rapidity with which it drys out, has considerable influence on the natural 
| distribution of tress. In reforestation and management work we probably should 
| give more attention to the moisture requirements of ths species than we do. 


‘One Thing After Another: After the Fort Valley Forest Experiment Station had 
pointed out the damage that sheep do to reproduction of the western yellow 
|) pine, came the porcupines, the mice, the rats and a few others to mjoy the 
dessert the sheep were leaving. On some of the Station’s fenced plots, the 
rodents had practically destroyed all the trees up to six feet in height and 
had done damage in trees larger than this. Now the Biological Survey has been 
called to the rescue and the various beasts of the field are expected to move 
on. Experiment Station vork is ons thing after another. 


Fave a Heart: Uxtract from monthly report of Starke substation, Southern Zxperi- 
ment Station: 

"Labor troubles, high vater in the Lake, vandalism, and the Director's 
Visit featured the month of July at Starke." 


Aid from Utilitiss Company: The following letter illustrates the value of en- 
listing outsids interest in our forests. The Interstates Utilities Company is 

a local and long distance telephone company operating in northern Idaho and ad- 
jacsnt portions of Washington and Montana. 


The Interstate Utilities Company 
To All Employees: 


Ivo weeks of intense heat and dry weather have brought the forest fire 
season to our territory. 

Timber Protective Associations, the Goverment Ffor3sst Service, lumber 
companies and intorested individuals are exercising vatchfulness this ycar to a 
greater extent than ever before in history. They ara determined to tut the 
appalling fire loss of othsr years at a minimum this acason. This is an under- 
taking in which the Telephone Company plays a large and important part. 

The employees of this organization in all branches of the company's work 
are called upon during the coming months to lend their aid in the PRIVINTION OF 
FORSS7 FIRES with all the effort and cnergy they have. The telephone system 
Plays a big part in the preservation of life ard property, and it must play its 
biggest part in the biggest probl2m that our community faces: Fire in the %r- 
ests. 

_ Learn to-day the official to whom fires in the vicinity of YCUR exchange 
are to be reforted. When reports of a firs come to you, do not stop until that 
official is advised. Fire calls are in the same class as reports of death, acci- 
dent and distress. Handle them as such. In the prevention of forest fires this 
organization has a golden opportunity of rendering a great servics to our local 
people and our nation. 

Let's do it well. 

JUHN F. DAVIaS, General Manager. 


Supervisor Shows Diplomatic sttainments: Supervisor Fitzwater of the Pend Oreille 
shows unmistakable evidence of a profound knowledge of diplomatic technique in 
his everyday dealings with the public. His most recent accomplishment in this 
dine is a fire trespass case, = a fire caused by the carelessness of one Theo- 
fore Gieszelman, - in which the Govermnent received payment for all damages, in- 
cluding the actual loss of timber plus the cost of suppression. Ths fire covered 


eaten 


an area of 50 acres, destroying 20 M of ysllow pine and 7 Mof Douglas fir. T 
damage to the timber is estimated at $53.50, and the cost of suppression amount. 
to $65.45, making a total damage of $118.95, which was paid in full by Mr. 
Gieszelman. The settlement was made out of court in a sensible businesslike mal 
ner, which makes itself conspicuous by the absence of ill feelinge 


DISTRICT 2 — ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT +) 


Extension Workers’ Conferencs: During the week beginning July 22, the Extension 
Workers throughout the State of Colorado, C. A. Lory, President of the Agricul- 
tural College, Roud McCam, Director of Extension, and his Assistant, Alvin 
Steinel, met in conference at the Spwotth League Camp on Grand Mesa of the Bate 
tlement National Forest. 

According to previous arrangement, the afternoon of July 25 was given — 
over to the Forest Servics. Bricf talks were made by John McLaren, fF. D. Mende 
hall and H. N. Wheeler of the: District office and Supervisor Ray Peck. These 
were followed by a field demonstration at a local sawmill in the woods by Supe 
visor Peck and Surveyor Wm. B. Fay. The 60 or 70 members of the conference. took 
&@kcéen interest not only in the talks but in the ficld demonstration and ex- . 
pressed themsslyes as having learned much of what the Forest Service stood for 
and the value of the Forests, particularly in watershed PRdtac wey and in the 
economic roturns to the local community. 


Wild Life Confsrencs: Sponsored by the Colorado Game & Tish Protective Associa- 
tion, the Colorado Mountain Club, the Outdoor League, the State Forestry Asso- 
Ciation, the Forest Service and other organizations, there will be held at 

Boulder, Colorado, August 20 to 23 a wild lifs conference. The program calls 
for 10 sessions, 21 speakers, 4 ficld trips, lectures, discussions, camp fires, 
luncheon for the delegates and a pagsant. lowers, birds, animals, fishes, 
trees, forests, parks and gsology will be discussed by Government, State, Club — 
and University officials. Dr. Oberholtzer, U. S. Biological Survey, will out- 
line the general plan of the conference which promises to be one of the most 
interesting sessions that has ever been held in Colorado. There will be two or 
three speakers from the District office in attendance. 


Unusual Rains in D-2: So far, forest fires have not becn numerous or extensive 
this season in Colorado, Wyoming, or Dakota because of the fact that there has 
been an abundance of rain. It has rained almost every day since the beginning ~ 
of July and still continues, and June was much damper than is usual in these 
States. There have been several electric storms but they have been accompanied 
by heavy downpours of rain and much hail. forage for the Livestock is abundant 
and. with few fires the life of the Forest Ranger should be joyful even though he 
does get soaked to the skin every day. : 


Snowslids Occurs _on Denuded Hill Slope: There may b2 some doubt as to all the 
things that-will be proven as time goes on at the Experiment Station conducted 
in conjunction by the Forest Service and Weather Bureau at Wagon Wheel Gap, but 
ths fact that observer P. F. Maxwell was killed by ths snowslide on the demuded 
area is sufficient to prove that when the timber and other vegetation is removed 
from a mountain side, snowslides will occur. For unquestionably there would 
have been no slide in that locality had the eer and brush been allowed to 
omain. 


Grazing Delingusnts:' On August 1, 1923, thee was still $6,944.56 of the 1922 
grazing fees delinquent. On the same date, the amount duz’from 1921 delin- 
quents was $6,021.88. Hliminating casss dropped on account of financial in- 
ability of permittees to pay, there is still due from 1921 dzlinquents 
$3,728.20, or 2 total of $10,672.70. More than half of the 1921 delinguent feos 
are due from the Henry Jordan estate, which has not yet been settled. 


To treserve Wild Life: It will be news to, many that five large and active organ- 
izations are united in an effort to car? for the remnants of.the great herds of 
large game animals that formerly ranged over California, Oregon and Nevada.: : 


Punds for the work are being raised by the American Bison Socicty of Now York, 


= 6 


Wi the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund, California Fish and Game Commission, 
‘United States Forest Service and the California Academy of Sciences. y. Hall 
| McAllister, who has sst forth the purposes and plans of the interested organiza- 
| tions in the July OUR ANIMALS, says that the money will bs handled by a regular 
committee of the dcadsmy and will be expended for winter feed for the herds, 
| salaries of game kKsepers, GEPENS HS of forming refuges, and general supervision 
| and observation. en erg 

From 1860 to 1870, it is estimated, the herds of bison in the west num- 
bered 5,0C0,000. By 1883 they were all gone excopt. the few in Yellowstone Park 
and in Custer County, Montana. The hundred or more bison. in the Ye Llowstone 
were not safe from poachers, and it was not ‘long before the number was reduced 
to less than a score. The Academy and assisting organizations will sseck to 
preserve ths elk, antelope, bear and.all of the other large game animals. It 
hopes to increase the numbers so that postority may ses the beautiful species 
which have been driven anto remote fastnesses for safety. 


Teaching Them Through Their Pocketbooks: It has been necessary, on the Cow Creek 
Unit of the Standard Lumber Company's sale area, Stanislaus National Forest, to 
makes penalty scalos for several ssed trees which had been unnecessarily injured 
through the carelessness of the operators, especially in the case of bridge and 
landing construction. Upon finding that these penalty.scales were necessitated 
because of carelessnsss, and that it was costing the company considerable money, 
the Assistant General Manager decided uron the following policy: the amount of 
the penalty scale was to be charged directly to the man who caused it. 

Since this method of snforcing the contract has been in effect they have 
obtained excellent results. One hook tender on a spool donkey which was con- 
structing chutes and landings had carelossly thrown a line around a sugar pine 
seed tree in such a mamer that it was completely girdled.:. Upon the discovery 
that the cost of this tree would be charged to him, he decided to quit. Since 
that time the men in charge of donkeys are very much more careful about placing 
their guy lines, and have also placed mors eas on seed ec where lines 
are necessary. : 


Wewspaper Builds Recreation Cabin: The Record Publishing Company of Stockton 
has constructed a 14 x 44 three-room cabin, costing $1100, at the Stockton 
Municip2l Camp at Silver Lake on the Eldorado Forest. It is for the use of the 
Record's employees, as well as other guests at this popular playground. 


DISURICT 6 — NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


The. Kind You ou Like ike To Get; The following came to District Forester Cecil from Mira 
Robt. HE. Smith, President of the Lumbermen's' Trust Company of Portland. Mire - 
Smith had previously writton a very complimentary endorsement of "Red Enemy." 

"I wish to congratulate you again, but this time it is not upon the .cx 
cellence of your moving picture production, ‘but upon your organization... I am 
the owner of two quarter=sections of land in the Siskiyou Forest and took the: 
liberty of writing your Grants Pass Supervisor for certain information. I am 
‘Pleased to state that Mr. Haefner, the acting supervisor, gave me the informa- 
tion promptly and courteously by return mail, and the manner in which the whole 
transaction was handled indicated that the records of that office were compre- 
hensive and accurate ard that the administration of the office is extremely 
businesslik3 and efficient, 

My contact with the office has been extremely pleasant and satisfactory 
and I therefore wish to convey my congratulations to you." 


Them Days_is Gone Forever: The following was found inthe old.L-Recreation 
files of the Fremont: 
"Supervisor Fremont Reserve. 

I wish to amter a protest against some of your Hangers and the facts are 
these I loaned my buckboard to two of my neighbors to go to Rosland with while 
there on the Knight of the 20 inst two of your rangers staid there and some ons 
branded my Buckboard with U. S. no less than 57 times no part of it escaping 
it is litterly Branded all over if one or both of them did not do it they fur- 
nished the toois as no one els2 has that identical brand it also corresponds to 
a brand placed on my Bob sled by a Ranger last scason further remarks upon such 
acts of vandilism is unnecessary at this time." 


my te 


, DISTAI OP’ 6 (Concluded) be : a 


"Hire Weather":Dr. J. V. Ho fmann of the Wind River Experiment Station has made 
arrangements with the Morning. Oregonian radio service (Mr. Richard V. Halier) — 
to send out humidity dope or warnings of "fire weather” in connection with the 
U. S. Weather Bureau notices. Ssveral forest protection associations of Oregon, 
Washington, Idaho and Montana are planning to purchase humidity recording in- 
struments in order to be able to foretell firs weather and also to be able to ~ 
interpret Dr. Hofmann's wariings. He is trying to make arrangements to have 
the "firs weather" warnings radioed before 10 a. m. so as to be of Prachioay 
help to forest officers, lumbermen, fircwardens, ane incre we 2 2 ae 


Reaching the ait Camper: Suporvisor Weigle of the Sip questive has secured the active 
cooperation of the “Seattle Tourist Auto Campe He has supplied them with about 
50 lantern slides (fire prevention and camping scenss) which the Superintendent 
will run in sets of about 2 or 3 sach week: throughout the.summer. The Super- 
intendent and the Auto Club of western Washington asked for ard were supplied 

' with prints of three forest fire photos from which they will have largs enlarge= 
ments made to be framed and hung in the Community House at the Camp Grounds, 
The slides ard framed pictures will reach thousands of campers throughout the 
Summer. 


DISTRICT 7 - RASTSRN DISTRICT — 


Arkansas People Show Appreciation: To show their appreciation of the Forest Serr 
ice and the interest that it is manifesting in the welfare of the settlers 
through the construction of roads, as well 2s in many other ways, the people of 
Mena, Acorn, Eagleton, and Black Fork celebrated on Saturday, August 4, with a 
big frse barbacue. the recent completion of the Forest Service road through the 
Arkansas National Forest between Mena, Arkansas, and Eagle Gap, 2 distance of 
ill miles. Invitations to the barbecue were broadcasted through the State ina 
big poster which conspicuously stated that the celebration was prepared as a 
token of appreciation of the Forest Service. 

' In writing to Supervisor Plymals, the chairman of the barbecue committee 
asserts that "the road built by the Forest Services over which the local citizens 
travel so much to market is more highly appreciated than words can speak." As 
& means of developing favorable public sentimant there is nothing that quite 
equals a little stretch of good road. ' 


Information Booklet _Published: What is described by the Asheville Citizen as the 
first real compendium of information concerning the recreational possibilities 
of the Pisgah National Forest has recently been published by the Central Bank 
and Trust Company of Asheville, North Carolina, for free distribution. Tho 
publication is an unusually attrac tive little 8-page pocket folder written by 
Supervisor Verno Rhoades and answering in a highly interesting manner the ques- 
tions "What does the Forest Service do to promote recreation", "What may the 
public do in the Forest?", and "What are the chief restrictions upon recrsa- 

_ tional use?" In writing the material for this booklet and securing its publi- 
cation in an edition of 2,500 copies at the expense of this Asheville banking 
institution, Rhoades has dons a fine bit of P. 2. work. 


Kiwanians Have Gamp on the Wichita: The Kiwanis Club at Laviton has recently 
established a camp within the Wichita and in licu of its regular weekly luncheon 
the club recently arranged a picnic dinner at the camp and devoted the remain- 
der of the day to the improvement of the camp sits : 


Boy Scouts on the Wichita: According to the newspapers of Lawton, Oklahoma, the 
boy scouts of Lawton amd other adjacent cities ara enjoying the best camp in 
their history at Camp Boulder, Wichita National forest. 


=: 


bulletin 


U.S.FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 35. Washington, D. C. September 4, 1923, 


RO NA a NO yD DN ad Ot 


Be Harry Irion, etazptcn 


As forecasted in the August 6 issue of the Service Bulletin, final 
figures show that a few additional sales records were established during 
the fiscal year 1923. The most notable showing was in the cut under com- 
mercial and cost sales, the aggregate amount exceeding that for 1920, the 
next highest year, by 185,851,000 board feet, or 23 per cent, while the 
contract value of the amount cut exceeded the previous record established 
in 1921 by $669,294, or slightly more than 35 per cent. It will be observed 
that the contract yalue of the cut during the fiscal year 1925 is only 
$75,903 less than the timber sale receipts for the same period, indicating a 
comparatively small amount deposited in advancs of cutting at the present 
time. However, it is a much better showing than last year when receipts ex- 
ceeded the value of the cut by only $5,390. The cut under commercial sales 
in Districts 5 and 6 amounted to a fraction more than 60 per cent of the 
total for all Districts, while the value of their cut was just a fraction 
less than 60 por cent of the total. 

The amount sold during 1923 exceeded the previous sales record, astab- 
lished in 1913, by 151,274,000 board feet, but the contract value fell 
$475,192 short of that for 1922, the previous record year for value of timber 
sold, although the amount of stumpage sold during that year was 159,221,000 
board feet less than in 1923. It is noteworthy that sales mads by District 
6 in 1923 amount to about 60 ber cent of the total for all Districts. 

The following table, which may be subject to slight corrections, gives 
the story in full for the fiscal yaar 1923; 


——— 


LTimbsar Gut By AM BO. By) Bo. Ld 

District Amount Amount 
len tine $15 MibOord. feeh «Value: .» Mboard feok. ...Walue . .c24 { 2 

1 114,427 3361, 758 168,753 ee Su. 

2 90,478 242,682 Lu, 513 463 , 381 

3 61,440 181,452 50,964 134,032 

4. 31,279 62,871 132,036 201,971 

5 271,274 869,285 284,427 700,679 

6 316,279 655,177 « 249715101 S377, 754 

7 35,437 121,491 48.319 180 ,675 

Bad Jeodt wn tGh PRs td oi 55,052 A BO MOE bu sow eh geUd were 
Total 
Coml. Sales 971,785 se 547,768 2,268,090 $5,949,462 ee 
Total f 
Cost Sales EW STEN pitas GT STOn 2 6 ie BBS wee yd 28 400 anon oy 
is liakae He GAL, Fane BHOlD GROD HOGe REN SEN? Uhittene acne? wet aie oe 
geese ee 991,982 ___ $2,565,341 2,288,585 __ $5,967,868 


SOMZ MOR TIMBER SALE RECORDS BROKEN ( Concluded) 


For the benefit of those who may wish to compare 1923 with other 
years, there is given below the amount and value of timber cut and sold d 
ing the ten preceding fiscal years; 


te a a ee A A A ST ST ST 


Fiscal Tinber Cut Timber Sela 
year Amount Amount 
i ______M board _feet Value sss M board feet ___Valus | 
1913 495,668 $1,075,185 2,137,311 $4,465,959 | 
1914 626,306 1,271,060 1,540 ,084 3,545,995 
1915 565,754 1,179,448 1,093,589 2,667,705 
1916 595,022 1,255,698 857,321 1,672,250 | 
1917 727,416 1,506,909 2,096 , 547 3,705,942 
1918 727,983 1,523,421 1,451, 739° 3,304,760 
1919 704,769 1,512,374 798,900 1,828,889 
1920 806,131 1,770,401 1,325,922 3,047,743 
1921 800), 452 1,896,047 1,143,108 3,162,030 
pacer oS ee 728,531.) 44774,957.. 2,129,364 «6 441.060 
Petebse:. of te 6,778,032 14,765,500 14,464,865 53,842,555 
Bvorape™ 677805 8" 181476500 * aes abo © ee oe eee 


; 


FIRE EIU CATIONAL TRIP 


eS 


By Hex King, Santa Fe 


In the following statcment are cutlined the bensfits derived from a 
fire educational trip made oy Mr. George H. Cook of D-3 during the summer of 
1922. The trip included the hoidiag of public meetings at night = at which 
motion pictures and lantern slidés were show, supplemented by @n address = 
and the visiting of farmers and ranch wen during the day. 


"I consider trips with 4 moving picture outfit to the outlying small 
native villages, such «s mads by Ik. Cook to Cuba, Regina and Coyote last ~ 
year, as one of the most important and fertile fields of publicity now open 
to us. The direct effect of this trip can not be measured i4 dacreased num- 
ber of mancansed fires during that season and I believe an attempt ‘to do se 
would be overlooking the real psychological effect of such things, The man 
caused fires which result from smell acts of carelessness, such as the drop 
ping of a burning match or the absolute extinguishing of camp fires, are 
very difficult to reach. They are ths result of acts of carelessness and n0 
of criminal intent, .that is, a man may ba absolviely convinced of the dange’ 
of fire and may be resolved to use evary precaution possible to prevent them, 
but at the same time may have been for years careless in the habit of throw 
away matches. Therefore, propaganda directed toward convincing him of ths 
danger of fires and appealing to his bsttor judgment does not entirely reach 
the spot. We have to deal not with intent but with the forming of better 
habits in dealing with fires. Our present firs propaganda is directed, I be 
lieve, largely toward the former, so that a trip such as this requires tims 
to soak in and set up its reaction toward habits. 

"There is no question whatever in my mind as to the value of this tri 
in its effsct upon general administration. It gave the imprsssion that the 
Forsst Service was not entirely on the basis of taking without giving. One © 
person was overheard to remark that it is the first thing that the Goverment 
had ever done in that community directly for the people. It gave the people 
the idea that tha Forest Service is interested directly in them in a more pé 
sonal way than the enforcing of laws. I believe it set up a better feeling — 
among the psople and went further in permitting us to get in closer contact 
with them than anything that has been done along that line in years in that 
Vicinity. 

‘ "Anything that we can do which begets better attitude in ganseral thin 
toward the Service is bound to have its reaction on the fire question; not oO 
that, but we have the still larger obligation of bettering their general con 
ditions in whatever way we can," 


ye 


A PLUA IN ABATEMGNT OF TH2 KID-GLOVE POLICY 
By =. L. Perry, Santa Fe 


Once upon a time I threatened to shut down a small sawmill because the 
operator had repeated a trivial offense about which I had warned him on a 
previous occasion. The discussion which followsd was in the nature of a mono- 
logue, with me on the listening end, and the sawnill man wound up his diatribe 
with this observation: : 

"You've got me by the short hair, of course, and I've no doubt in the 
world you'll pull. I've got a good notion to sell out this outfit and put 
the money in stock. A grazing permittee can spsnd his whole Life dodging the 
regulations and never have anything worse happen to him than maybe a bawling 
out." 

I did not take him apart for the apparent heresy, because, in sooth, 
there is mch more truth than poctry in the charge. Zveryone who has given 
the matter thought must realize that what has always been sauce for the tim- 
ber purchaser goose has not by any means been sauce also for the, forage pur- 
chaser gander. We brandish an extremely efficacious club over the head of 
the timberman, and obtain discipline through the certain knowledge that it 
will descend promptly, albsit justly, to enforce those principles which we 
have found to be indispensable to the management of the forests. An equally 
efficient club is provided, and was no doubt intended to be used, upon the 
grazer, but it seems to have become so covered with venerable moss, softened 
by the damps of caution and entangled in the lush growth of red tape that it 
is now of little use save as an adornment to the pages of the grazing and tres- 
pass manuals, 

Every field man - I specify field man because he has first-hand knowl~ 
edge of both activities on the ground - knows that grazing administration 
lacks sadly that bang-up, toe-the-mark efficiency that characterizes timber 
sale management. This is justified in part by the fact that forest manage 
ment is the "big top" of our avowed mission to cause 1.27 trees to grow whera 
but one tree grew before, while grazing is a sort of side show to be given 
the benefit of whatever heavy thinking may be left over after all provisions 
have been wade for growing the 1.27 trees aforesaid, 

At any rate, we haven't the same degree of efficiency in grazing admin- 
istration that we have in timber sale administration because we have not 
wanted it as badly. We have too much followed the line of least resistance; 
too much allowed the business to run itself. Grazing inspections have been 
more or less perfunctory and not at all comparable to those given timber 
sales. We have failed to equip our grazing regulations with the teeth neces 
sary to enforce compliancs, with the result that the conviction is pretty 
firmly established in the minds both of the Service personnel and the public 
that it is impossible to enforce them. The bugaboo of possibls court action 
has caused the legal department to impose requirements in the collsction of 
evidence that in all but exceptional cases are impossible of attainment. I 
should hate to have to estimate the number of evident trespasses that are each 
year given the effect of official condonance by securing the signature of the 
trespasser on an application form. And the minor infractions of the regula= 
tions by established permittses that are winked at year after year because 
nothing much can be done about it are as the sands of the sea. Moreover, the 
tendency in recent years scems to be to reduce the penalties for trespassing 
and to be more and more exacting as regards the sufficiency of evidence. 

Reduction or revocation of permits and preferences is a powerful 
weapon, sufficient to enforce discipline on most forests, and has the advan- 
tags that its use is discretionary within the Service. But here again we con- 
front a bugaboo, this time self mads, in our mustn't-touch-it attitude toward 
established preferences. It is not a weapon to be used indiscriminately, of 
course, but every grazing forest has its list of chronically recalcitrant 
permittees who causes endless trouble themselves and sect a bad example for 
others, and who should be cleaned out. Human nature being what it is, I can 
S33 no hope for proper administration so long as the restraining regulations 
may bs ignored practically with impunity. 

We seem always to work with the fear that the slightest change of policy 
or procedurs may wreak some vague but devastating effect upon the livestock 
industry. Of course the livestock industry is even now teetering upon the 
brink of oblivion. It has been ever sinca I can remember, for the stockmen 
have told me so year after year. Nevertheless, it lives on in some miraculous 
fashion, and I am given to doubt that the change to a clean cut, businesslike, 


mae 


a iz 


A Fuse is Abst MAN UL 


take=it-or-leave-it policy such as exists in our timber sale administration 
will push it over the edge. It has not pushed the sawmilling industry out 
of existence, and if there is any line of human endeavor more delicately bal 
anced, more fraught with the possibility of acquiring red ink decorations on 
the balance sheet, it’has yet to be discovered. 


s 
WW) VS1D ID SNE ts 


By John McLaren, Dee 


Wading and shoveling through a season of cloudbursts in Colorado and © 
Wyoming, we have sometimes had peaceful dreams that maybe our percentage of 
Class C's might be lower, maybe even our man-caused curve might descend towa: 
the horizon a little instead of persistently pointing starward; 211 of which 
tended to give us the feeling that possibly some of the sharp pins might be 
Sheathed or anyway blunted before the next allotment conference. But lot 
here comes Flint in the July 16 issue of the Service Bulletin with a brand r 
pin and sticks it ina brand new place. 

No, Schreck's article wasn’t censored, it was a perfectly good articl 
on a good subject and illustrates one reason why fire lines are rapidly beim 
abandoned on the Michigan. Of course, Schreck figures that publicity on th 
subject will act as additional pressure on us to buy him some more trucks fo 
his other ranger districts. The cat only looks like a kitten to us but we 
like hin. 

Well, anyway, I guess the "held line" cost figures got more serious ¢ 
sideration than otherwise. I was in the field when I read the article and 
soon as I got in I asked Miss Z.2.K. to dig up the files to see what we had 
reported and how we got it that way. Sure enough, including the Michigan, th 
cost runs $1.37 per chain. We were a little tempted to pass up figuring the 
costs with the Michigan thrown out but plunged in and find that on the other 
34 fires the cost runs $1.69 per chain, so we claim this is no "cat," not a 
big one. . 

Now the truth is_ told and we have a new hunch for material for the D 
Bulletin. We've just finished a series on "Do seni Scream?" and for the 
winter can go on "Do Rats Hibernate?" 


ee 
Our Marksman Wins Another Distinction: R. TY. Reynolds has just been chosen by 
the Assistant Secretary of War to be the civilian member of the Ammunition 
Board, which tests, chooses, and decides the specifications of the ammunitioz 
ussd in national and international matches. This Board consists of an offics 
from each branch of the military servics, with one representative of civilian 
riflemen. Reynolds ranks as one of the leading civilian riflemen of the coun 
try. He was captain of the national match rifle teams of the District of 
Columbia 1919-1921 (this team has the highest standing of any civilian team — 
of its class); member of the International Smallbore team which defended the ~ 
Lord Dewar trophy at Camp Perry, Ohio, in 1921, defeating Sngland, Canada, an 
Australia; winner of the Manhattan Medal at Seagirt, N. J., in 1922; and 
slscted.a director of the National Rifle Association to serve from 1922 to 1% 


YVorth Its Weight in Paper? Average timber prices for certain grades (logs) du 
ing the first half of July in various Prussian provinces: 


Marks per cubic meter 


Oak = first quality 2,240,090 to 16,559,000 
Hy second " 1,620,600 " 4,942,300 
Beech = first quality 1,700,000 
Hf second " 1,000,009 
Pine 3,179,000 
Sprucs 694,000 to 2,630,000 
Spruce pulpwood 351,000). " 745,600 


Foresters’ salaries wer? increased on July 1 to 360,000 marks a month 
for the lowest grade, and 2,260,000 marks for the highest, besides certain 
allowances for dependent families. Forest laborers’ wages, effective July 15 
range from 1,080 marks an hour for girls under 16 to 6,840 marks for able- 2 
bodied mon over 24,.--W.N.S. r 

whe 


WASHINGTON NOTES ( Concluded) 


only a preamble to a pat on the back for the Service. On August 21 a post card 
addressed to "The Honesty Bureau, Washington, D. C.", reached the Atlantic 
Building from a school teachsr in Maine. Now, there is not so much point in 
that the school teacher addressed the Forest Service in this way as there is in 
the fact that from a choice of a hundred or more bureaus in Washington the 

Post Office authorities delivered the card to the Forest Service. Another 
point of considerable interest to a few of us is that our own mail clerk was 
discriminating enough to send the card to the Office of Publication. Oowaht 


ee SS 


Mors Sawdust Wood: Wood hard as oak and with all the qualities of genuine tin- 
ber is reported as having been invented by a Norwegian scientist. It is made 
by using a mixture of 50 per cent sawdust with chalk and chemicals, and sub- 
jecting these to a very heavy pressure. 


This is High-Priced Material: Bolts worth their weight in silver are being used 
in some tests now bcing made at the Laboratory. There are 1,200 bolts costing 
between $4,000 and $5,000; some of the bolts are worth $10 a piece. The high 
costs are because of the accurate machine work required in turning ths bolts 
inside as well as outside. The bolts wore furnished by the Navy Department 
and are used to determine the most officient form for such bolts and to obtain 
data on the strength of bolted joints. 


SS ee ee ee ee 


Russian Forestry Student Visits Office; Mr. A. Koroloff, a 3ussian student at 
the Yale Forest School, :visited the office last week in search of logging data, 
He was especially interested in the effects of logging on the silvicultural 
aspects of management, and he went over a numbor of unpublished manuscripts by 
members of the field forcs. Russia has little efficient logging equipment, and 
when economic and internal disturbances hava beon settled, Yussia will doubtless 
adopt many American lumbering methods, Mr. Koroloff stated. 


The Old Order Changcth: 4 nsw interest is being manifested in forest research 
by the lumber industry. Now comes the Great Southern Lumber Company of Boga- 
lusa, La., with an offer of a tract of forest land to be uscd by the Southern 
Forest ixperiment Station for turpentine experiments. It is not so many years 
ago that the industry did not believe in experimentation, but it is realizing 
that no industry can maintain itself without fundamental studies and research. 


BS ee ee ee ee a ee 


Relations, is logging the roads on the National Forests of the Western Slope 
of Colorado. Plans are under way for the printing of these logs, and those 
previously made in the other Forests of the State, by the Rocky Mountain Motor- 
ists Inc. This organization is logging roads outside of the Forests and it is 
hoped that by another tourist season we will have a complete and attractive 
road log book covering all the main highways, both in the Forests and outside, 
in Colorado. 


The San Isabel Forest is coming rapidly to the front as a recreation area. ‘The 
people of that region are completely sold on the Forest and are advertising it 
in all possible forms. The Missouri Pacific and Santa Fs railroads have made 
Special mention of it in their folders and booklets: commercial clubs and busi- 
nesS houses are playing it up prominently in their literature and advertising, 
Sven employees of the District office are spending their vacations in the San 
Isabel National Forest. Some of the other forests in the District are being 
sxploited along this line, but as yet, in no way compared to the extent which 
ths San Isabel is being put before the public. 


«5 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTH VJHSTERN DISTRICT 


Forestry Association Visits Grand Canyon: Twelve members of the Massachusetts 
Forestry Association visited the Grand Canyon on August 11. This was a part 
of the annual tour that is made by members of that association. ‘The original 
party this year consisted of twenty-nine, but the party was divided and the 
rest are making a special trip to Alaska. Supervisor Kimball of the Tusayan 
met the members of the party at the Canyon and had the pieasure of talking 
with then for about an hour on general forest conditions in the Southwest. 
The eastern men, according to Mr. Kimball, are very much interested in our 
problems and plans. 


District Gets New Lawyer: Wendell Rawlins, who for two years or mors has been 
in the office of the Solicitor of the Department of Agriculture in Washington, 
has been assigned to the position of Assistant to the Solicitor in District 
3. Mr. Rawlins has arrived in Albuquerque and will relieve Mr. McNaught as 
soon as he has had time to become familiar with the work of the office. Mr. 

McNaught is being transferred back to Washington and will likely take up dutis 
in the same section of the Solicitor's office, that of Gam? ard Fiscal matters 
to which he was assigned befors he came to the Southwest. 


Wants Children to Learn about Trees: Mother regrets lack of that knowledge in 
her own youth. A letter has just been received from a lady who with her chil 
dren is camping ina Wew Mexico National Forest. Request is made for litera- 
ture dsscriptive of the mountain trees and how the Forest Service cares for al 
preserves them. "I am anxious," says the mother, "that my children should 


what 1 had no opportunity to learn." 


DISTRICT 4 — INTZAMOUNTALN DISTRICT 


New Trail Tool: Ranger I. M. Varner of the Boise Forsst has recently invented 
trail tool that looks good to several officers who have inspected it. He star 
with a light reversible plow (Syracuse No. 36), and on the underside of the bs 
ahead of the tip of the plowshare he fastens a casting to which is welded an 
iron pin, long snough to coms flush with the bottom of the plowshare. On this 
pin is pivoted a scraper iron which can be fastened in various positions, from 
almost a right angle from the vlow beam to a point parallel with it. An iron 
rod fastened to the outer extremity of the scracer iron and drilled with 2 num 
ber of holes is provided for the purpose of regulating the scraper. A pin of © 
the right size to fit these holes is set at the base of the plow handles hold- 
ing this rod in place. In practice, a few furrows are plowed without the 
scraper attachment being in any way involved. Then the scraper is set to abow 
the proper angle for doing the work and the loose dirt from the plowing is 
scraped off. After the trail has been swamped and cleared, two men have made 
much as a mile and a quarter ina day with this outfit, using one horse to pul 
the plowe The outfit is very adaptable and can be turned and twisted in con- 
formity to the needs of the work very readily, as the plow is very light am 
scrapsr attachment itself does not weigh over one hundred pounds. 


Worth Knowing; An editorial in the Salt Lake Tribune carries information that 
worth knowing. It is sometimes necessary to uss water from streams that are pt 
Sibly polluted and may contain disease germs. Boiling and cooling the water is 
a long process. A much simpler and yet an effective way devised by the United 
States army is to add one or two drops of the regular 7 per cant tincturs of 
iodine to a quart of water, stir well and let stand from 20 to 30 mimutes. The 
amount of iodine is too small to be tasted, and yet it is effective in killing 
the really dangerous disease germs. 


DISTRICT 5 - CALI MRWLA DISTRICT 
Timber Sale = Plumas; On August 2 District Forester Redington awarded a sale of 
121,000 li feet B.M. of yellow pins, sugar pine, white fir, red fir, Douglas fir 
and incense cedar timber to the Nibley-Stoddard Lumber Company of Cromberg. 
This timber is located near the line of the Western Pacific. The conditions of 
sale provide that cutting shall be completed by December 31, 1950. At the rate 
bid the total value of the timber to be cut amounts to $376,U00. Twenty-five 


=-6- 


DISTAL CT 5 (Concluded) 


jper cent of this amount will be returned to the counties covered by the Plumas 
for school ard road purposes, and an additional 10 ver cent will b?2 expended 

iby the Forest Service for their benefit. Cutting will be conducted in dbs cn 
ance with the best forestry practice, which requires the Leaving of all thrifty 
‘young timber to reproduce the forest and. fusnish a basis for a Second Cube 
Timber will be closely utilized; all dead timber and all unmmnerchantable dis- 
eased trees will be cut to improve the condition of the forest end adequate fire 
precautionary measures will be required of ths operator. The receipts for the 
last fiscal year for timber cut from the National Forests of California amount sd 
to $920,000. Of this amount, cutting on the Plumas contributed about $143,000 
District 5 now leads all others by a wide margin in timber sale receipts. This 
is direct evidence of the depletion of the forest areas in southeastern United 
States and the general trend of the Lumber industry toward the Pacific Coast. 


Oakland Has the Right Idea: The Uakland Municipal Recreation Camp on the Stanis- 
laus has proven so popular that the city is now applying for a permit fora 
second camp on the Plumas Forest near Quincy. The camp now in operation has 
been crowded all summer, and some weeks as many as 150 people have been refused 
admission becauss of lack of room. Oakland expects to operate the Plumas camp 
next year, and probably a third camp on some other Forest by Poe ae 

DISTALOT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 
P. 0. Cedar: Two Logging outfits are starting operations in the vicinity of 
MeGribble 8. S. (Siskiyou Forest) with more to follow, amd it begins to look as 
if the Forest Service will have a monopoly on most of the Port Urford cedar left 
standing in this locality. The big price offered at the deck for cedar seems to 
be irresistible to the privats owners. This will henceforth increase the fire 
hazard in the cedar belt, as whores the cedar is gone most of them consider the 
fir hardly worth saving. 
Gstting the Uther Fellow to Help; The Crater has recently supplied two of its 
resort permittees, to use on their stationery, a rubber stamp reading, "Pre- 
vent Forest Fires--It Pays.'"' They also supplied these with a supoly of the D-6 
windshield stickers. The Crater is also plamning to put on an axhibit at the 
Jackson County Pair this fall. 


ee ee 


DISTALCT 7 - BASTIRN DISTRICT 


The Water Department of Lynchburg, Virginia, has issued an interesting state- 
ment concerning the city watersied within the Natural Bridge National Forest 
and the amount and quality of the water obtained from it. 

Some of the land embraced within the watershed was originally owned by 
the city, but was acquired by the Unitsd States under thes Weeks law in 1918. 
Since that time, and up to about two years ago, additional lands have been ac- 
quired by the Federal Goverment, with city cooperation on ths Pedlar River 
Drainage from which the water is derived. Comolete protsction has been given 
the purchased lands since their purchase, but acquisitions have practically 


ceased because the city refuses further cooperation in buying the cultivated 
lands, 


The benefits of this protection are revealed in the revort made by the 
City Manager, in which it is stated that tha water used during dune, 1923, ex- 
Cseded that of June, 1922, by 9,009,000 gallons. The uss of alum during June, 
1923, was nearly a ton less than during Junz, 1922. The use of soda in Juns, 
1925, was 507 pounds, whereas in Juns, a year ago, more than two tons were 
“eee The turbidity of the water in June was 10, as compared to 25 in June, 

The report also makes references to the fact that the stage of the water 
did not drop bslow the spillway during June of this year, notwithstanding ox- 
Cessive dryness, which condition was doubtless a factor in the reduction of the 
turbidity of the water during June of this vear. The report goes on to Say, 
"It follows therefrom that the growth of trees on lands of the watershed which 
formerly were under cultivation has progressed to such a stage when leaf cover 
Provides protection against rapid and excessive evaporation of ground water 
storage," 

Oe 


DISTRICT 7 (Concluded) 


While protection has accomplished a great deal for the city, full bens 
fits and an entirely satisfactory supply of water for the city can not be had 
until the entire watershed is protected from erosion and pollution, 
The Pedlar River drainage contains 21,257 acres. Of this only 8,238 — 
acres are in Goverment owmership and therefore being protected. The remaingd 
of the lands, or 13,019 acres, is now privately owned. Of this, 5,629 acres 
are in cultivation, 1,801 acres are in grazing, while the remainder, or 7,589 
acres, are in forest and rsstocking. Much of the land in cultivation lies 0: 
the upper half of the drainage, from which large quantities of silt are being 
washed down and deposited at the hsad of the reservoir. This condition has 
given concern to some of the city authorities and they are being impressed 
with the necessity of renewing cooperation with the Federal Goverment in 0 
to acquire the lands from which the silt is being carried off.--2.Dieffenbag! 


KK KKK 


THE_NBV_ RELIGION 


The forester's life is one of ease! 

A timber famine he foresees; 

He tries to warn the hets and she's 
Who will not listen to his pleas, 
Then he gets down upon his knees 

And plants the seed to grow the trees; 
Their life he fondly oversees 

And talks about their pedigrees. 

The people learn by slow degrees, 

By onss, and twos, and evan threes. 
Then they, too, hold some jubilees 
And follow up with planting-bees,. 

‘Tis only then the famine flees, 

Why don't YOU plant some little trees? 


--8. L. Dulvond. 


-B- 


Serbi 
U. 8. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Gonfidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 36. Washington, D. C. September 10, 1925. 


NO CAN DO 
By Will C. Barnes, Washington 


A rather interesting grazing decision was reached by the Supreme Court 
of the State of Idaho under date of May 29, 1923. The decision was based 
upon an appeal from the District Court of Gooding County, Idaho, to the 
Supreme Court of the Stats in ths case of J. W. Fall, who sued J. i. Arkoosh 
for failure to carry out contract entered into covering the sale of a band 
of sheep with a guarantee that the grazing preference would follow the sale, 

On or about April 26, 1919, the appellant sold to the respondent 1640 
head of sheep for 425,000. To induce thse purchaser to complets the deal at 
the price mentioned, tha seller guaranteed that he was the omer of a right to 
graze and pasture 1756 head of sheep on the Sawtooth National Yorest, and that 
said right was ‘appurtenant to the ownership of the sheep aforesaid." The © 
salier of the sheep agreed that if the purchaser would pay the price asked for 
the sheep, which included the value of $3 per head for ths grazing preference, 
the transfer of permit would be made. for some reason or other not made clear 
in the legal report, the purchaser of the sheep failed to secure a grazing per- 
mit and therefore sued ths original owner for the sum of $4,920, based upon 
the ¢3 per head paid as a bomus. 

In deciding the case, ths Supreme Court quotes the regulations of the 
Secretary of Agriculture concerning the prohibition against “the sale or trans- 
fer of grazing preferences for a valuable consideration,” The Court statas 
that the regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture governing ths grazing of 
stock on ths National Forests have the full force and effect of law. Both 
parties to the deal were assumed to have full knowledge of the prohibition 
and therefors the contract entered into between them was in violation of law. 
Inasmuch as neither of the parties came into the court with clean hands, the 
Supreme Court refused to sustain the appeal and directed the District Court 
to dismiss the action, The following quotation is given from the Court's de- 
cision; 215 Pacific Reporter, p. 978. 

"Ths contract, being clearly in violation of the regulations governing 
national forests, no action could be maintained for its enforcement, and re- 
Sspondent, being in pari delicto with appellant, under the rule generally fol- 
lowed by the courts, could not maintain an action for money paid pursuant to 
such an agreement. The law leavss such parties where it finds them." 

All thres of the judges concurred in the findings. 


CHIEGSTRY vs» HzO 


By Roy Headlsy, Washington 


Ve now have instances cited where so-called chemical fire extinguishers 
have saved a combination residence and experimant station office, a boat, a 
deputy supervisor's residence, the Washington office, city residences, and 
barns = all of which is fine but slightly off the point. Wo ranger stations 
are reported saved as yet, and that was the specific question as in the Bulle- 
tin of July 16. There are obvious differences between ranger station buildings 


and offices, boats, etc., when it comes to figuring the cost and results of 
a fire extinguisher program, 


CHEMISTRY vs. HoO (Concluded) 


It is now time to ask just what it was that extinguished these fires, 
Since some of the testimonials for fire extinguishers do not make it clear 
that the authors are certain on that point. Apparently in a majority of cases 
the extinguisher used was one in which sulphuric acid and soda are employed te 
expel the water from the tank = which incidentally is finished in a highly 
decorative and somewhat costly manner. If they think you will stand for it, 
clever salssmen will lead you to believe that water so expelled has more effec 
on 2 fire than plain water from the river used in the same way, but the chem- 
ical authorities say that this is bunk. 
Suppose we want to provide special protection for a building, and that 
we are choosing between a sulphuric acid and soda extinguisher and a bucket or 
eg to be used in conjunction with a simple hand pump. The bucket and pump 
will cost probably 25 per cent as muchas the polished chemical tank. Do you 
get any more protection from the chemical extinguisher than from the bucket ar 
pump? Wo one has endeavored to show that this is the case, and I venture to 
assert that you get more from the bucket and pump than from the extinguisher ~ 
because if you do not get your fire with the first charge, it is easier, quick 
and surer to refill the bucket than it is to recharge the tank. What, then, ¢ 
you get for the remaining 75 per cent of the cost of the extinguisher? Neater 
appearance, usually, when the apparatus is hung on the wall and a gratificatio 
of the impulse to do as clever advertisers tell you to do. Great is clever 
advertising. Hven greater is the art of distinguishing between facts and sale 
talk in advertisements. If chemical extinguishsr advertisers admitted that 75 
per cent of the cost of their product is chargeable to the superior looks of 
their apparatus, their sales and profits would be reduced. 
Boat and enclosed oil fires are a different matter. In combating those 
fires, the gas formed by heating the Pyrene liquid has a legitimate place, al- 
though on fires above the floor level or in the open, it is worth no more than 
the same quantity of water. Probably the frothy mixtures also have a special 
value in certain kinds of fires. They are depended on for oil tank farm fires 
by certain companies. | 
The following letter from Mr. C. S. Cowan of the British Columbia Fores 
Branch gives an interesting statement on the value of the Pyrene pump tank use 
On 2a strictly water basis. Mr. Cowan's letter follows: 
"Il was reading the June issue of your ‘Service Bulletin and was very muc 
interested in your article "Hope Springs Zternal." To some extent we suffer 
from the same kind of bug in this country and every once in so often one of ow 
men comes through with a suggestion for some chemical method of doing away wit 
Forest fires, but mostly forest fire fighting. 
"The part that particularly interests me, however, is the 5 gal. Pyrena 
pump tank. We have been trying these out for some two years and our men find 
that they are absolutely invaluable. We have modified a pack board which fits 
this 5 gal. tank so that the pump stands up without being taken off the board. 
This tank is used when a fire line is constructed, for putting out smoulders, 
for, aS you know, the most wasteful method of using water is from a bucket. 
The pack sack type of extinguisher we have given up, as we find it is impossibdl 
for the men to keep dry backs with these, and the result is that they are soo! 
discarded, or ditched. 
"The pump tank, however, puts the water exactly where it is needed. Wh 
the main crew has been taken off a fire line a number of Patrolmen equipped wi’ 
these tanks can do an extraordinary amount of useful work. It is also valuab 
when a fire is some distance from water to use them in conjunction with an ene 
gine driven pump which may in some cases Save a climb of 200 feet or more ona 
Sidehill on a hot day. 
"Our light patrol cars now carry one of these tanks filled with water a 
many an incipient fire by the roadside has fallen 2 victim to the work of thes 
pumps. Our men using railway speeders also carry them and a number are kept 0! 
hand for fire fighting purposes. We use water, of course, only. Chemicals 
Never appealed to us from the demonstrations we have seen so far, 
"l am just writing this in case you try out this scheme, as our mon are 
very enthusiastic about it since these tanks were brought in two years ago, af 
they consider it a great money saver in fire and on patrol." 


ane 


"BUMMER LAMBS" 
By Fred 3. Johnson, D-2 


Among sheepmen the above term is applied to lambs which have lost their 
‘mothers, to weak lambs which are not strong enough to stand the drive onto the 
summer ranges, or to one of a pair of twin lambs for which a ewe may not have 
enough milk. Such lambs are ordinarily killed or given away, or sometimes left 
along the way to be picked up by the first coyote that happens along, 

About 50,000 sheep are annually counted in at the Corral Ranger Station 
at the northwest corner of the Hayden Forest en route to the summer ranges on 
the Hayden and Routt Forests. Hach year a considerable number of "bummer lambs" 
are killed or deserted at the counting corrals at this station. 

When the sheep came in this summer, Mrs. Riggs, wife of the Ranger who 
counts in the sheep, decided that she might as well have the "bummer lambs" as 
anyone, so she gathered them in along the driveway for several miles and at the 
counting pens. When the sheep had passed on she had 80 lambs to her credit. 

The family cow provided sufficient milk for the weakest lambs, and most of them 
were soon weaned and grazing like old-timers. They were a motley looking bunch - 
some of them as big as the huskiest lamb in the average band on the range, others 
just able to navigate; some of them with the marks of the finest blooded Shrop- 
shires, othsrs looking like the poorest scrubs of a Mexican outfit. ‘ 

Gathering the lambs, caring for them, keeping them out of a naighbor's 
alfalfa and oats field, represented quits a lot of work during the psriod of two 
to four weeks that the lambs were kept. However, the reward was worth while, 
for Mrs. Riggs sold her lambs to the neighbor rancher for a sum equal to her 
husband's monthly pay check. ‘This again illustrates that the wide-awake energetic 
person - applicable as well to Rangers' wives located fifty miles from the rail- 
road - can oftentimes carn snough money to purchase that long desired set of furs 
or the trip to Denver or Frisco. 


HISTORIC REGION ON THE MODOC 
By W. 5S. Brown, Modoc 


Deputy Supervisor Brown, Grazing Examiner Smith and Ranger Ivan A. Cuff 
recently spent three days in the Modoc lava beds in connection with the location 
of roads, etc., and while there briefly explored some of the points of interest 
in that section of the Forest. 

This is a country little known even to natives of Modoc County, but for 
natural wonders it can hardly be rivaled anywhere in the West. One cave recently 
explored by a resident of Kiamath Falls measured approximately two miles in its 
main passage, and on account of the numerous other passages is named "The Laby- 
rinth." Other caves visited by local Forest officers are "Skull Cave," in which 
are found skulls and bones of animals now extinct in that section, and whose roof 
is épproximately 100 feet high; "Sentinel Cave," 1,800 feet in length, with 
obelisklike rocks standing in the passage-way; "Symbol Cave," decorated with 
Indian hisroglyphics; "Crystak Cave," whose roof is covered with scintillating 
crystals, an "Indian Wells," where there is an abundant supply of water. Other 
points of interest are the "Devil's Mushbowl," "Devil's Fireplace," "The Chim- 
neys,"' "Mammoth Crater," and natural bridges. Most of these wogders are easily 
accessible by automobile. 

Not the least interesting place is Captain Jack's stronghold, scene of ths 
Modoc War. Hundreds of white men lost their lives on this battleground during 
the war with the Iodoc Indians in 1873. With the exception cf a plain wooden 
cross, the lettering on which is almost obliterated by age, marking the spot 
where General Canby was murdered and scalpsd, there are no monuments or markings 
of any kind here. As a result of the Forest officers’ visit, however, a mevement 
is being started by several Modoc County organizations to build a fitting monu- 
ment to commemorate the battleground and its different points of interest. Due 
to the receding of the waters of Tule Lake, it will be but a short time before 
Captain Jack's stronghold will be accessible by auto, although it is now neces- 
sary to walk six miles over the lava beds to reach it. 

fhe lava bed region is easily reached by auto from Klamath Falls, 45 miles 
away, or Alturas, 75 miles from its approximate geographic center, or from the 
northeastern part of the Shasta Forest. Colonel William Thompson, famous Modoc 
war veteran, and hale and hearty in spite of his years, has cordially invited 
msmbers of the Forest Service to accompany him on 2 vigit to the famous battile- 
ground in the near future, with a view to marking the different historic spots 
whers he and his feilow officers and men fought so valiantly half a century ago. 


WASHINGTON NOT3S 


Pines to be Grown on Georgia Farms: A farm program for Georgia recently put out 
by J. Fhil Campbell, State Director of Agricultural Sxtension, is intended to™ 
meet the new needs created by the ravages of ths boll weevil, shortage of labor 
and lack of experience in producing and marketing general crops. ‘he third 
place in the program, which contains 2 total of seven points, advocates timber 
growing on the farm by the farmors reseeding large areas of their poorer lands 
to pines.’ This is without question the result in part of recent efforts in tha 
State by the Forest Service in: farm forestry extension.--\/. 2M. 


a 2 bill ad chor aeiie® ne to SRnOTnE a commission of five Senators to be kaown as 
tne "Joseph. T. Rothrock Memorial Commission." The Commission is author ized to 
seeure 2 bowldsr from State forest land 2nd locate the same in an appropriates 
spot in the borough of McVeytown, Mifflin County, as a memorial to commemorate 
the service in forestry interests of the State of Dr. J. T. Rothrock, an early 
pionser in Pennsylvania forestry. The sum of $1,509, or as much thereof as may 
-be necessary, is appropriated to the Commission. 


Carter, agheparfie Aad eal? Gill have just ‘returned to the mae haber, office from the 
Western Districts. Mr. Carter, who has been absent from Washington for four 
months, returned direct from Alaska. 


Captain Zldredge left for the Lake States to-day for inspection of timber sales 
_ on the Superior. He then goes to the Bighorn, Madison Forest, and Missoula. 


FORE ST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


I 


a ee eee ee me 


western Aaoae Spiscuiae eye uses, SRE Oe See cib ities and other prope 
tiss with special reference to the smplogmeant of this species for ties, piling, 
and poles was recently furnished Hutton, McNear, and Dougherty, the successful © 
_bidders. for © block of National Forest timber in Alaska. 


Vany Interested in Glue: The interest of people in glus, as well as the distrib- 
ution of a laboratory news note, is illustrated by the number of letters re- 
ceived after 2 news item on an improved casein glue had been published. During 
the two weeks. following the mailing of the news nots to a selected list of news 
papers, requests for informtion concerning aS glue were received from 167 com 
panies and individuals. +0. ; 


‘New Book Published _by Laboratory Man: "Wood Distillation," by Dr. L. F. Hawley © 
of the Laboratory, has just made its appearance. This publication fills a great 

sed. since prior to its appearance no authoritative up-to-date work was availabl 
upon this subjsct. The subject is treated in two parts, the first dealing with 
the distillation of hardwood, while the sacond relates to distillation of resi- 
nous wood. ' The book should be ef extrome ‘value to the industry, since all moder 
‘methods of plant practice are clearly described. 


Florida lan _Discovers New Tanning Agent: Quebrachio, tanbark oak, chestnut, and 
eulock, ‘as sources of tannin, way ee forest devastation without a regret D 
the tanner, if the glowing é15 tims of 2 Florida discoverer of a new tanning agent 
may be given crsdencs. 
The new material is made from the neadl2s of th2 Australian pine, and, as 
the author says, he "trims the trees and thus does not kill the goose that lays 
the golden eggs.'' Hs says that treas sat .out six years ago 2t Miami now form 4 
perfect forsst and leave trunks as big around as aman's body. "Going to show 
the great possibilities, if a forest of these trees were grown out on the Great 
averglades; it would requirs but a fow years (no-longer than the required time 
for 2n orange grove to yield fruit) when these trees would be yielding needles 
and give the tanning world a perpatual supply of tannin material." 


~4— 


FOREST EXP ERIM ND STATIONS 


Plhe Busiy Infent: In the Sen Funny Book, Ss the Service Directory is often 
Walled, tucked safely away under that all-embracing and high-sounding name of 
Research, is a littie We diy ellen known as Forest Experiment Stations or, wutil 
latziy, Forest Investigations. We say little because we are still small and 
Some day expect to become a mighty giant. We are already giving our fruits 
freely to Forest Management, furnishing shade to ow many grateful Public 2%ela- 
tions, enriching the Lands with our litter, furnishing browse for Grazing, sup= 
[plying Cpsration with shoots for its yardstick and fuel for its fires, besides 
Mroducing bridge matsrial for Guginecring, and furnishing the field its neces- 
Sary pulpwvood used in telling the Forester why their Accounts are overdrawn. 

We have grown up froin a little secd, planted, nurtured, and protected in 
jour carly life and icy stares of an unfriendly field by a temperate Zon. ‘hen 
Ws were planted he called us Silvies; when we germinated w3 were called Silvical 
Investigations; in our early youth we became Forest Investigations. Now, ap- 
proaching th2 fruitful stags, we are called ‘rest Sxpsriment Stations. 

In spite of bsing a youngster, we are well known, and, like a youngster, 
we ar? everyhsre and into everything. In the Atlantic Building you will find us 
lin the Library, in Forest Measursmants, and in Compilation. We have units in the 
pouth, in the Northeast, the Appalachians, the Laie States, and, though perhaps 
mot quits as strong in the ust as yet, still you find our roots spreading and 
framifying everywhere in 22ch of the Districts. 

Should you want to find us in the field, we are gathering Seed, working 
fin the Nursery, or even Planting treos by your sids. We are on your timber sales 
watching your Brush Disposal, studying your Methods of Cutting, looking for that 
Watural Reproduction you have tried to get. W3 are in your second growth stands 
making Thinnings and determining Yields. We ere scarring your pines for Naval 
Stores, and Measuring th2 growth of your stands. You find us by your side oa 
ithe Fire lins, following the damage dy leather, studying Erosion end Influences. 
We are watching the Animals, the Diseases, ths Iasects that infest your forests, 
and waking Tres studies of the various species in your Types. Yea, verily, ws 
arco everywhere, and we shall later tell you how you can recognize our tracks if 
you don't see us personally. 


Cooperation: 4 cooperrtive agreement has been prepared which continues’ the coop- 
‘sration between the Urfice of Forest Pathology of the Bureau of Plant Industry 
and the Office of Forest Experiment Stations in California. or some time it 
‘has been impossible to maintain the Feather River Forest Sxperimont Station oa 
the Plumas forsst, and rathor than have the proverty stand idle the Station has 
bsen loansd to Forsst Pathology until the Servic? is in 4 position to operates the 
Station. Forest Pathology is carrying on a number of investigations in forest 
tres diseases from this Station, the work beine under the direttion of Dr. 3. P. 
Meinecke. 


DISTRI ROGET bagel baie ig NORTE SRN Dist. Talcr 


the Aeviewing Officer Says "Chsek"'!: The following sxcsrpt is taken from an 858 
found on the desk of the Property Custodian; 

"During the season, the powder man who worzed on the Yaak road absent- 
Mindsdly left four of the above cap crimpers on stumps he was blowing out, After 
the blast went off he was unable in any of the cases to find them. The fifth 
tims he left a crimper he dashed back to rescue it, and just as he reached the 
Stump the blast weat off, blowing the powder man Wd. When he came down no trace 
could be found of the five badges he had attached to his belt, nor could the two 
pair of suto goggles and the safety strap that he was wearing be found. ‘At the 
tim? he went to rescue the cap crimper it was not exactly known how much prop- 
erty he had on his person, but after a check of the property of the Yaak district 
was made, it was determined that in addition to the above mentioned articles he 
mast have had four carrying cases, two nippers, four mattock picks, one jack 
plane, three protractors, 91 knapsacks, seven Saddles, pack, and two rail Way 
Spsedcrs. A thorough search of the surrounding country was made, but none of 
this equipment could be found, in fact only the left shoe and necktie of the 
Dowder man was found." 


bai 


1e: 
| 


‘Kinds were sold closely during the depression because of the bad condition of 


DISTRICT 1 (Concluded) 


Keniksu Rangers on the Dot: Rangers, guards 2nd lookouts on the Kaniksu forest 
ars now setting their watches by signals of standard time sent out by wireless 
tclegraph from the San Francisco Maval Radio Station at noon each day. The 
time signal is received by the radio station instailed at the Priest River 
sxperiment Station in connection with fire studies. The correct time is sup- 
plied as the field officers phone in for it. Thus all the time pieces of the 
organization are synchronized and questions as to the time of detection and 
elapsed time are readily settled. An interesting occurrence recently reported 
with regard to correct tims is that in which a judge's decision favorable to the 
Forest Service ina fire case depended partly on whether the time of the de- 
fendant or the forest officer was correct’. 


ee ee ee 


Sheep Rangss Undorstocked: During the recent inspection of the sheep range on 
the Saa Juan Forest, it was outstanding that the ranges were understocked. This 
was particularly noticeable since througchcut the District as a whole there was 4 
very heavy demand for shzep range last spring. Two causes may be cited for the 
failure to fill the San Juan sheep ranges. In the first place, the fencing up 
Of winter ranges, as a result of the 640-ecre homestead act, has forced reduc=— 
tions in the numbers even to the extent of some sheepmen going out of business, 
Secondly, the heavy Selling of awe lambs during the period of depression of the 
Sheep industry is now being felt and will probably be more keenly felt the next 
year or two. During this dspression, the sheepmen departed from their usual plar 
to keep the original number of sheep up dy retaining ewe lambs. Lambs of all . 


the wool market and also of the market for old, broken-mouthed owes. 


Mr, Austin Hawes, State Forester of Connecticut, has been a recent visitor in 
the District, spending some time at Bstes Park and later taking in a nunber of 
timber sales in the lodgepole pine typ2 on the Colorado and Medicine Bow For- 
ests. This is Mr. Hawes' first visit to this region for a number of years. 

Hs spent considerable time in rorthern New Mexico in the sarly days of the For- 
est Services, 


ee Se eS eee eer 


es ee ee ——— et 


restoring a smile to the faces of cattlemen, according to reports of conditions 
in all the forest bulletins. The pleasant curve is not yet entirely without a ! 
break, however, becavse some of tha obd-timers recall prsovious drouth disasters 4 
and their far-reaching effects. Just now the Gila tells a story related by 
J. B. Gilchrist, who bought into the GOS Cattle Company in April, 1904, when no 
rain had fallen since the previous August. The company made a contract sale to 
@ man in California, who, upon seeing the condition of the cattle, refused to 
buy f.0.b. New Mexico, but agreed to take all cattle that were alive two days 
after reaching destination, The GOS Company ran a hospital car for the weak 
Stuff and by nursing then through succeeded in delivering alive after two days 
with the exception of four head. The Gila is determined, when there is tempta- ~ 
tion to overstock again as the range improves, to rémember the hospital cars of | 


Mexican Forest Service Under Way: It has a forest inspector for the Stats of 
Sonora, ten forest service employees and a planting plan. Senor Roberto A. 
Morales, Forest Inspector, recently visited Tucson, Arizona, and told a naws- 
paper’of that city some thing, regarding the aroused forest sentiment in his 
country. Education in the necessity for preservation of forests is being car- 
ried on anong school children. The Mexican Forest Service is greatly inter- 
ested in cooperating with our own Service in forest protection along the border. 


wT 


DIS@RICT 5 - CALT FPORNIA DISTRICT 


= ee 


fires that have occurred up to August 20 this year in the National Forests of 
California were man=caused. These fires burned over 72,000 acres of Goverment 
land, and 34,000 acres of private property within ind adjacent to the Federal 
forests. Out of a total of 124 fires in the Angeles, Santa Barbara and Cleve- 
land National Forests of Southern California, all but six wero dus to human 
carelessness, largely that of smokers, campers and sportsmen. Fires on the 
Santa Barbara National Forest, set by the carelessness of campers and by incen- 
diaries, have burned over 60,000 acres of chaparral and timber covered mountain 
Slopes which were of inestimable value for watershed protection purposes. 
Seventy-four convictions for carelessness with fire in the woods have been se- 
cursd by the Forest Service to date, the fines ranging from ‘50 to $500, with 
Jail sentences in some of the more flagrant casas. 


No, It Didn't Just Happen: To keep our friends in D-3 (see Service Bulletin for 
August 6) and elsewhere from becoming too chesty over the manner in which their 
publicity and fire dope appeals to and is used by advertisers, it may not be 
amiss to state that the four-column layout entitled "Uncle Sam Opens National 
Forests for Tourists," which has been running of late in the newspapers, was pre- 
pared by the Western Auto Supply Company of San Francisco in cooperation with 

the Office of PR, and broadcasted to their agencies throughout the West. Yes, 
the advertisers use our publicity all right, but in most cases you'll find that 
some Forest officer has had his finger in the pie. 


Packing Lumber: The first thing to learn about packing lumber is to get it prop- 
erly balanced - next learn to cuss a mule, then get some mules, saddle them up, 
put on lots of blankets and pads to keep lumber from rubbing them. Put your 
coat over the mule's head, tic sleeves under neck, put lumber in place, tie both 
ends and don't forget to leave room for mule to get his head down under the north 
end of the lumber when he is going south. Turn mule loose. He won't hurt any- 
thing; fact is, he won't move until you punch him with a stick. When you get 
about four of them packsd start up trail nine miles to destination. First rock 
bluff you come to ends of lumber will strike on rocks and knock mule off of the 
trail. If you have as much patience as the mule, 211 will go well until you 
get to the first switch back (they are never built to pack lumber around), where 
you will find the cuss words come in handy. If the mule understands what you 
cuss him about he will stop, stick his head under the side of the lumber and try 
to crawl under it, to follow the trail, of course. The lumber follows the mule 
when he turns. If the mule does not understand what you say and you get excited, 
so will the mule, and you will have to cut down all the brush and trees within 
100 feet of the switchback to get the mules and lumber untangled. About the 
fourth day you will understand the mule so that you can cuss just at the proper 
moment and the male will stop with a jerk and miss some of the rocks and trees 
along the trail. ‘We have not learned that much yet.-~Shasta. 


DISTALCT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRI gt 
axchang3: A land exchange has just been concluded between the Stoddard Lumber 
Company and the Forest Service. Under this exchange, the company has deeded 
title to 2,750 acres of cut-over lards in Baker and Grant counties, Oregon, 
inside the Whitman National Forest, and has received in exchange a timber- 
cutting right on 720 acres of land lying near the Whitman Forest. 

The lands received by the Goverment are largely in a cut-over condition, 
bearing 4 good stand of young trees, and are reported to be suitable for timber- 
growing purposes. The company receives a cutting right for the removal of an 
squal value in timber which is to be removed under the supervision of forest 
officers in accordance with forestry methods. This exchange is One of many now 
in process of negotiation between local officers of the Forest Service and vari- 
ous private owners inside the National Forests.--C.J.B. 


Personnel Changes: Forest Examiner 5. J; Hanzlik, who has been studying forestry 
in Sweden for the past year under:the Scandinavian-American Foundation Scholar- 
Ship, returned to duty on July 1. Deputy Supervisor ©. F. Zricson of the Clym- 
pic, has been transferred to the office of Forest Management, effective July 1. 


— 


_ DESTALCT 6 ( Concluded) 


interesting Visitor; An interesting: and distinguished visitor in the offics of 
Forest Management recently was L. MacIntosh Zllis, Director of Forestry Domin 
ion of New Zealand, who is making a tour of western United States and Canadi. 
He is particularly interested in Management plans and the regulations of sus- © 
tained yisld. He spent some time in looking over our Managoment plans, re- 
ports, and visited one of the large Douglas fir sales on the Snoqualmie Nation- 
al Forest. 

Mr. Sllis seemed very familiar with Ameritan forest conditions and is 
evidently a thorough reader of the Journal of Forestry and Amsrican Forestry. 
He congratulated us on the ease of securing raproduction in this region; and he 
felt that our greatest handicap to really intensive forestry was the exceeding 
cheapness of stumpage. In New Zealand, he is planting annually several thousan 
acres, and is using to a considerable ,ext2nt western American conifers, which 
have advantages over the native woods.--T.7.M. 


— ee 


By G. H. Lautz, \Jashington 


The following is a tabulation showing the amounts made available to the 
States and to the Forest Service dus to the recsipts for the F. Y. 1923. The ~ 
amounts shown under the column "25 per cent of receipts" are being made avail- 
able to the Governors of the various States for expenditure upon roads and for 
schools. 

The ten per cent fund is available cn ae Forast Service for expendit 
within the States shown thereon for the ogys gua *inn of roads and trails withi 
the National forsst. 


State 25% Fund 1p, fund 
Alabama $ 214.90 ) $ 85.96 
Alaska 15, 778.37 ; 6,311,355 
Arizona 105,827.98 42,331.19 
Arkansas 9,517.16 35,806.86 
California 318,339.67 . 127,335.87 
Colorado 7 an 116,241.44 46,496.58 
Florida 4,560.84 : 1,824.33 
Georgia 15,765.19 706.08 
Idaho 146,705.88 59,482.35 
Maing 506.25 ' 202. 50 
Michigan 123.58 49 643 
Minnesota 2,688.29 1,075.32 
Montana 75,598.46 30,259.58 
Nebraska 4,529.98 1,751.99 
Nevada 28,529.81 11,531.92 
New Hampshire 6,353.48 2,941.39 
New Mexico 44,736.87 17,894.75 
North Carolina 8,41 .035 3,564.01 
Oklahoma 1,635.68 654,27 
Oregon 168. L195 67,244.78 
South Carolina , sl hoya Re) 70.48 
South Dakota 24,799.15 9,919.66 
Tennessee 3,257.65 1,295.06 
Utah : 67,650.16 27,060.06 
Virginia 6,257.46 2,002.99 
Washington 86,243.87 34,497.55 
West Virginia 520.42 208.17 
Wyoming _ f0,701. oo 28,504.78 

Total ...».. $1,521,422.66 $528,569.06 


per 7 


PD ONES 1 A A FN +. r 

pan ee a bead 
i 4 

Buin 


Bulletin 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Were Vit toy eis Washington, D. ¢. September 17, 1925. 


By veliny iy hoe Oe 
Pennsylvania Department of Forests and \/aters 


“+ 


Trae worship is probably one of ths vary earliest forms of diving 
tituals. Sacred tress appeared in the most ancient mythologies and lingered 
in the last remnants of heathanism. No oa2 knows exactly how tree worship 
started, but it was a comton practice among primitive races who believed 
that anything that shows signs of lifes most possess a soul or spirit, A 
thing so stately and so inspiring as a trae, which lives so much longer and 
gests so much bigger than man, could not but win ths adoration of sarly man- 
kind, 

The Bible from the beginning to the snd is dotted with references to 
trees. From the third chapter of Genesis to the last chaptsr of Ravelation 
ths tree is ussd as a medium conveying great spiritual truths to humanity. 

In Biblical times the Caananites plantad a sacred tree beside each 
altar, and the Israelites, adopting their custom, sat up sanctuaries under 
the shad3 of groves. At Schecham, Joshua took a gr3at stons and sat it up 
under an oak. It was aiso under an oak that the angel of the Lord came, sat, 
and spoke to Gideon. Ths Prophetess Daborah dw3it undsr a palm tree. It is 
believed that Solomon planted som3s wondarful traces in his templs. (hen David 
inquired of the Lord how and when ha should attack the Thilistines he was 
told to "coms upon them over against the mulberry tree."' Isaiah draws a mors 
Vivid picture wh:n he says, "He heweth down ¢c2dars and takath ths cypress anc 
oak which he strengtheneth for himself amons ths tress of tha forest and hs 
Dlantsth an ash, and ths rain doth nourish it," 

At one tims in the world's history it was the belief that two trees 
were the progsnitors of the human racs. Ths tddas had it that after the cre- 
ation of heaven and earth, Gdin and his brothers whils walking by the ssa 
Came upon two trees and changed them into human beings, the one a mala and 
ths other a fsmals,. The nams, Ash, was given to ths male (having coms from 
the ash tree), and the name imbia was bestowed on ths femals (having come 
from an elm,) 

We may be inclined to relagats tree worship to the dim and shady past, 
but history tells us that spiritual reverence of trees has a wider footing 
to-day than would sesm possibis. If ong were standing in certain parts of 
Arabia at this moment he would see tribesmen worshipping under the heglix 
tree, Travsling on ths Congo Joast one could not touch certain sacred trees 
in psril of lifs. In Guinsa thers appsars a holy trse before each villago, 
In Bengal the psopls regard ths Sal trse as a national protector, Ths old 
peasant in Austria begs ths pardon of trses whan he fells them, for hs be- 
lieves that trees suffer pain. Philiopina Islanders believe that the soul 
of their aacestors are in certain treas, which they therefore spars. The 
peasants of South Slavonia and Bulgaria belisave that tree spirits may be 
Zorced to do their duty, for by thr3atsning a barron fruit tree with an ax 
three times on Christmas eve it will, through fear of death, bear bountifully 
the next season. 


Ne farther away from us than the Bohemians the first appie borne on 
a tree is sometimes plucked and eaten by a mother of many children. ‘This 
gives assurance of productivity for the trees. 

To this day the maidens of Silecia place an apple = a tree product - ) 
undexy their pillows on “sw Year's Eve and expect to see their future hus- 
bands in 2a drsam at midnight. Whether they do this or not probably depends © 
upon the tranquillity or perversity of their digestion; but even her dmorican) i} 
and Znglish sistsrs lapse occasionally into a romantic tree superstition | 
which has come down from the barbaric past. 

These beliefs ere not confined only to ancient timss and foreign 
lands, but are found among us. Among the many tree superstitions of Peunsyl-— | 
vania ar the following: if 


Tress that cdo not bear well should be shalcen or whipped on Good 


Drive nails in trees that do not bear well. 
Hang pieces of iron on trees that do not bear wsll. 
Aa apple tree will bear well if a dsad lamb is hung on its branchss. 


When planting a tras tramp the ground in the direction of the sun, 
that is, cast to west. 


Wood froma tres struck by lightning must never be burned in a house 
for fear of firs. 


If trees blossom in tha dark of th2 moon, they will never bear fruit. 


A sprigs of Mountain Ash is placed on the lapel of the coat or on the 
dress of young folks to seep away evil spirits, This custom was widely used 
in northern Psmsylivania by parents when thsir sons and daughters left home 
ona long journsy or a stay at school. It was their belief that the lioun- 
taia Ash sprigs would keep away evil spirits and ward off evil hands. 


A sprig of Mountain Ash was tied to the tails of cows to keep away — 
the evil spirit and thus prevent them from giving bloody milk, mesting an 
untimsiy death,or other misfortunes. 


Indeed, we may not go away from home to find examples of tree super- 
Stition and belicfs. Thy come to us from the ancient past. Let us ask oure 
Selves why we decorate our homes with holiy and mistletoe at Christmas time. 
This is a festive custom originated by our barbarous ancsstors, who bslisved — 
that the holly and mistletoe brought into ths house the spirit which inhab- 
ited them 2nd kept them bright and green on this day. 

Men's attitude towards the woods has changed. In medisval timss the 
woods wers the abode of evil spirits, They filled the medieval mind with 
fsar, To Dante it was a dreadful thing to bs lost in the wild woods. Hs 
pictured forest gloom whsre owls pasped out of every hole, bats fly about 
blindly, wild cats lay in ambush at every turn, and snakes wiggle among the 
roots. 

To the modern min@ the woods is the wonderful handiwork of a benefi- 
csnt God. ‘msrson says "in the woods a man casts off his years as ths snake 
his slough, and at what period so ever in life is always a child. In ths, 
woods is perpetual youth." Robert Louis Stevenson delights in lying among 
the trees and being afield. He sess the beautiful in trees, admires their 
make-up, enjoys their shads and shelter, and fe2ls their warmth and affece 
tion. 

The modern child may bs fearful of mighty treas. This is nothing 
other than proor that the thoughts of the child are akin to those of the 
Childhood of the racs, 

fom Hood wrot: so wall when he said: 


"Il remenbér, Il remember 

The fir tree dark and high; 

i used to think their slender tops 
Were close against the sixy.'' 


=e~ 


In tree worship we find nothing but beauty and idealism. There oc- 
curs nothing repulsive or revolting in it. As we look upon ths grace, sym- 
metry, nobility, and grandeur of stately tress, it is not hard for us to 
imagine the circunstancss and conditions undexz which ws ourselves might vor- 
ship them. 


LUMB32 QUPANY PASS2S 23SOLUTION 


ae ae ae ee tho SS) SU Ee 


By i. 2. Carter, Washington 


The following resolution was passed by ths Board of Directors of the 
Spanish Peak Lumber Company, a timber sales purchaser in the Plumas National 
Forsst. The company owns several thousand acres of land within the Forest, 

On which future production must be .assured if operation at the pressnt rate 

of cutting is to be made permanent. The resolution indicatas an appraciation 
‘on the part of this commercial company of the soundness of the management plan 
policy of the Forest Services and its benefit to operators who are in 2 posi- 
tion to taka advantage of the opportunity for permanency of their business. 


"WHREAS, The United States Forest Service is working upon a plan to 
insure a permanent and perpetual supply of timber in the so-called ‘Meadow 
Valley “Working Circle" of tha Plumas Nationa? forest by promoting the growth 
of new timber to replac; the timber cut, it being estimated that in the time 
necessary for cutting the entire area of said “Jorking Circle such new timber 
in the area first cut over will become of merchantable size, and, 

"WHR SAS, the cooperation of ths owasrs and holders of »r ivataly owned 
timber in said Working vircle is necessary for the successful operation of 
said Site . x 
, THSaBEURS, Bz it resolved that this corporation do and it does 
hereby Sear said plan, and be it further resolved that in accordancs thers- 
with, the logging operations of this corporation on its own lands be here- 
after conducted in such manner as will preserve as far as possibl2 the growth 
of young timber therzon, and that a sufficient number of trees be left stand- 
ing thereon to supply ssed for reforestation of the cut-over areas, and 

"BS IT FURTHI2 RESLLVED, That the President of this ebepona tion be, 
and he is hereby authorized and empowered in behalf of this corporation to 
entsr into such sgreement or unders tanding with the United States or its rep- 
resentatives as may b2 deemsd advisable for the successful working out of the 
said goverment plans for reforsstation of said area." 

HAUPLION Uf MT, LaSS 7 AS S2ui7 BY eke a | 

ot 7.00 pe m., August 21, a small black cloud could be seen issuing 
from the main crater on Lassen Peak’ this in a few minutes change. to a far 
larger cloud of white smok2 mixed sith steam. ilinuts by minute this in- 
creased in volume till at 7.45 p.m. ti9 vhole length of the erster was 
belching forth a huge mass of smoke, ashes and steam. ‘This eruption dif- 
fered from the preceding ones materially; in the past sruptions a hugs column 
would ascend thousands of fect into the air. But the old peak is apparently 
losing its strength; in this case the smoke rolled out only ascsnding a few 
feet inte the air, then falling, enveloped tha mountain to, drifting along 
the Lassen Range past Broie-of over Turner i.t. away to and across the Sacra- 
meato Valley. I1t could readily be traced for fifty wiles or wore to the 
southwest. This appeared strange, as a strong southwest wind was blowing on 
Magee at en estimated strength of at least thirty miles per hour. 

AS the smoke and steam drifted past the Lassen range it presented a 
great and wonderful sight, 4 sight constaatiy changing, resembling for the 
most part an angry sea breaking against cliffs = at other times reminding one 
of a mad surf after a gale, the top of the vountain See aoa above 
greatly adding to its grandeur and beauty. 

At 9.00 p. m., by lseking toward the bright and néarly fall moon, scuds 
of smoke could be seen racing at tremendous s2eed toward the “orth. These 
Scuds iacreased in volume till at 9.49 a black mass was seen approaching from 
the South, and then began a pictute long to be remambered. Tis mass of smoke 
rolled toward ms ever thicker and thicker, and the bright moon rays piercing 
through it presented a panorama of gréat beauty. Tre forest, studded with 
its brush fields, usually dark and somber in color, became ehane ged; from dark 


On 


PS BE ns Pee 


and..forbidding it became light, its fa igece @ verdant green, then green 
tinged with silver, then a ssa=bathed plain, one whare the z mountain tops 
aloae could be seen; those tops loomed up silvery white, tinged with a shade 
of green shimmering, quivering, evor changing, presenting a picture of rare 
beauty - one that can scarcely ever be forgotten. “4 

At $,5U the dark mass mentioned previously swept over the scene and 
blotted-out all; no longar covld moon, mountain ané@ picture be seen; instead 
an impenetrable screea of smoke and fumes ~ fumes that were ungscapable, that 
left aa atrocious taste in one's mouth,:a tasts that might have been expected 
in the old days before. the 18th amenduient took th: joy out of life. 

How long this eryotion lasted I can only surmise; it is sure, however, 
that at 9.50 it was still: continuing with unabated fury, but after that time 
nothing could be ssen. The next morning the peek: showed no signs of life; 
no trace was left excepting lava ashes that partially covered the ground at 
this station.--T. D. Goodman, 


<i ron A Tusa 
‘By L. A. «Barrett, D- 

The W. H.. King June 11 homestead at Puliea in the ,Feather River Canyon 
is an excallent example of what.can be done witha small tract of.land by 4 
man who is not- afraid of hard work.  gekenre ' ; 

This homestead embraces 61-acras, mostly with slopes of 10 to.60 per 
cent. Originally it was all covered with brush and scattered timber. ater 
for irrigation and domestic use is pleatiful. - 

King has been her3 19 years aad is raising and educating a gami'ly of 
6 children. His "ranchs" is as near sel supporting as 1 ever saw, regard- 
less of size. He has his own irrigation systemand an electric light piant, 
small sawmill, 2te., operated by water power. Jie runs some cattle on the zor- 
est rangs, has his own ice Hy SR, plant, refrigerator, etc., and kills 
and Sells his cattle. 

Hz has 10 acres under intensive oul tivation to lettuces, tomatoes, straw- 
berries, etc,, and wnder ‘is own brand sells.garden produce from Lroville to 
Reno along the Western Pacific tailway. King milks about 15 cows, makes ice 
cream, and sometimes sells as high. as 50 quarts.per day to passengers on ths 
through trains that stop for water at Pulga. ‘The steoper slopes on ths home- 
stead are being set out to walnuts as the brush is cleared, 

In addition to the above, King even saws out his own box shook for use 
in ‘shipping vegetables and berries, and since all the aboye is not enough to 
keep one family busy, manages to run hotel < 2nd resort, store and post office 
as a Side issue. F ; . 

King had no Bast az land than hundreds of other ¢une 11 homestsaders 
who "blew up" and Wy sna ‘On. But he has initiative and is not afraid of hard 
work, 


wt 


8229 MASHINGIE I BUTI. 
’ . 


Management's Loss = Rdsearchts Gain; ‘/ith :the-recent transfer of Mr. J. A, 4 
Mitchell and Miss Mary Norton from tha ‘Branch of Forest Management to the Lak3 © 
States Forest Bxpsriment Station, the Washington office losss two competent 
and efficient members, whose faithful services and unfailing loyalty and in- 
terest have ranked them high ia the esteam of all. ‘shile wo are sorry to see 
them <0, we congratulate the xperiment Station ugon securing twousuch well- 
equipped: workers for-its TOrGe. 


Pet Biros in esunevlee nies About. 5,000 forest fires occurred in Pennsylvania: 
during the spring of 1923. Itivestiea tors were able to. fix responsibility for 
the starting of many of’these firas. ‘he Departmsnt sent. out a- total of 
1,272 bills covering the cost of extinction, iiora than C17,.C0 has: already i 
been collected, In many instances legal action has been telzan against persens | 
and corporations rgsponsibls for th3 fires. 

} sf ‘ 3 


ou llines 


WaSHI NOLO! IN NOTES auch aie 


ee + ee 


Piasct ee aan was yes given by the. Air Board to a Thanos of Tenses 
men and foresters at the wireless station, near Ottawa. An aeroplane equipped 
with a transmitter : Lew ovar the city. and adjacent country, aud the observer 
continued during the. flight to ‘describe where he was and what he., could see 

and every word was plainly audible to his hearers on the ground. | Two types 
of receiving apvaratus were ussd; one was capable of s Sending messages, the 
other was a fiszld. machines set up in.a .tent with a temporary aerials 

_ It has been proposed, in sonjunction with the aerial forest patrol, to 

equip the machines and principal ranger stations with radio-telephones of this 
Kind which would very greatly Sc aa o the reporting of forest fires cb- 
served by the ,as roplane. The receiver sets supplied to the rangers would be 
adjusted to a specified wave length and ‘would be sealed so that they. could not 
be put out of adjustment. It is quite feasible to send messages by wireless 
telephone-for distances up to 5u miles; indeet, they have been sent from a 

dis tance over 150 miles; ‘Jith this equipment the ground force would not be 
able to talk to the obssrver in the aeroplane, but arrangements ang made for 

a system of signals from the ecround which would let the pilot of the aeroplane 
know when ‘the ranger was ready to reccive a message, whether he had received 
it, whether he wanted it repeated, or whether he vented the aceroplans to land. 
The use of the radio-telephone very materiaily increases the value of the aero- 
plane ‘patrol, as it will enable the observer to report immediately | to the near- 
est ranger the exact location, size, and othar necessary information in re- 
gard to forest ‘fires so that he may extinguish them before they assume serious 
proportions. It is proposed, also, in Connection with this system to have a 
Sending station at the principal headquarters of the forest-protective or gani- 
zation by which orders can bs sent to all the rangers at stated hours.-- 
Canadian Forestry News-letter. Gi fj 


What Did It? A paculiar condition is reported by the Jind River Jorest axper i- 


mont Station on the Columbia National Forest. A strip of timber about 3s miles 


long and $ mile wide has‘ been injured by some mysterious agent. The needles 
are killed on a part of the trees varying from the top to within © to 50 feet 
from the ground, although the twigs are usually not killed. The injury. to 
Some trees apparsntly occurred before growth s tarted, while on others the 
growth of this season was one to tvo inches long at the time the trees were 
injured. This may be due to variations in th: time that growth began in dif- 
ferent trees and species. 


On June 15, 1925, a very ssvere thunderstorm occurred at Red Mountain 
and the tel sphone line "to the lookout tower was completely burned up for a 
“distance of about 3 mile. ‘Jhare the groynd wire was completely burned the 


huckleberry bushes aad a needles of the young srowth of western white pine 
and noble fir were browned ° for a ia th fone ‘about two feet, but the twigs were = 
not killed. Thess necdles have the same &ppearanc as those in the large belt 
or timber injured on the opposite side of the moun ntain. vhether or not the 
injury to the belt of timber is due to an electric phe enomenon is difficult to 
ascertain, The damage might readily be attributed “to winter injury, espe- 
’ Clally'sincs wintsar injury occurrsd quite extensively on the uregon, Whitman 
and other Yational Forests. Detailed examination, however, emphasize s the 
peculiarities of this particular belt of timber. ‘It lies ina straight com- 
pass coursa 25° west of north and varies more than l yo0oU feet in elevation. 
Contours ars crossed and recrossad by the strip of injured timber and it lies 
along slopes above or below pockets. Frozen ground, snow depth, winds or 
other climatic factors in combination may cause Live injury, but the location 
would appear to ruie these factors out, as would also the growth of the sea- 
son. ‘he bshavior of the forest later in the season may be a guide to more 
definite conclusions. Hofmann and Simson spent some tim3 on this area and 
also Visited the winter injured area on the Oregon Forest, accompanied by Dr. 
J. 5S. Boyce, Forest Pathologist. 


fe 


+ SS SS SS SS Ee eee 


DISTRICT 1 ~ NORTISRN DISTALCT { 


fiftsen-day outing in the vicinity of Glacier Creek and the head of the Swan — 
River on the Mission Range in the Flathead National Forest. A permansnt camp — 
was madz at Lagoon Lake, to which supplies and equipment were successfully 
Packed by horses. The entire time was spent in exploring a region entirely 
without trails, and whose topographic featurss were unmapped and unnamad ex- 
cept for the small section covered last year by the Northern. Pacific party 
coopsrating with the Forest Service. 

Roughly, the area covered extends from McDonald Peak southward to the 
north fork of the Jocko. ‘The country was mapped by triangulation and most 
of the peaks and lakes, as well as the largest glaciers, were name4. ‘The 
center of the region is a high psak, which was scaled by th2 MountSineers on 
August 50. <A monument was erected and the peak was christened "Mountainser 
Peak." From this point fifteen lakes are visible and a dozen or mors glaciers. 
In the ascent of McDonald Peak, which was made from the southeast from Lake of 
the Clouds in the record time of tywo hours and fifteen minutes, the party en- 
countered thrse large grizzly bears, which evidently have been living through- 
out the sumer in the vast slides below the peak. ‘“7hen encountered they were 
busy digging into the slide rock, acres of which have been worked over during 
the season. It was finally ascertained that they are getting their food from 
the lady bugs which are found in handfuls among ths rocks. The fact that the 

bears were sleek and shiny indicates that lady bugs make good food, at least: 
.for bears. It is sstimated that the largest one weighsd eight hundred pounds 
or more. Mountain goats were sighted at various times, the largest band con- 
taining six. They are apparently not increasing very fast, as only three kids 
were Szen altogether, An interesting half hour was spent in photographing a- 
bunch of ptarmigan, which became so tame that they would run after pebbles 
flicked to them like chickens after grain. ‘/histling marmots and conies were 
numerous. Not an animal was killed, the only hunting being with cameras. 

iwenty psople made the trip. There was considerable rain, and the only 
Shelter at the fly camps was such as could be constructed out of brush; but 
no one had so much as a cold on ths: entire trip. Undoubtedly, this is the 
most wildly beautiful country to be found anywhere, and the members are giv- 
ing a good deal of thought to its develogment. About two hundred photographs 
were made which, with the maps, constitute an interesting fund of informa- 
tion concerning a country hitherto little known, 

Through ths influences of those who took this trip hundreds of people 
have become keenly intsrssted in the out-of-doors and in this section of the 
Flathead National forest. : 


“DISTRICT 2 - AUCKY MOUNTAIN DIST 2107 

Automobile Battery attachment for Balopticon;: An attachment made by Bausch & 
Lomb of Rochester, . ¥., makes it possible to use an automobile or radio bat- 
tery in giving lantern slide lectures, where the ordinary balopticon globe is 
not usable. This has one 6-volt automobile Mazda globe. The results are very © 
- Satisfactory, since the light is much stronger than the prestolite and re- 
lieves the lecturer of the necessity of carrying a prestolite tank. The cost 
is “10.50 for the @lobs condenser and the wire attachment. It has not been 
tried out in daylight in actual lecture work, but a temporary try-out in the 
office indicates that this attachment can be used for giving a lecture in the 
day time, provided the room is darkened as much as possible. It is not possi- 
ble to use the prestolite arrangement in the day time, no matter how carefully 
the room is darkened. 


Mr, MacLean, who is working on timber preservation at the Forest Products Labor= 
atory and who has besn doing considerable work at the Union Pacific Ry. tie 

plant at Laramie, Wyo., was a recent caller at the District office. It Seeuis 
that by using high temperature and pressure, good, if not better, results can 
be secured than by the steaming methods now being used, and a great saving in 
time for treatment as well as in ex.ense will be effected. ‘Jhile at Laramia 

hs made some special tests of ties containing defects of various kinds. Thess 
ties were given the high temperatura trsatment under pressure, and studies will © 
be made to determine whether this sort of treatinent results in killing the 
fungi responsibla for the defects. This should show pretty clearly whether 


ae 


ae RECT’ 2 ( Concluded}. 


ae cen ane 


the railroad company will-bé warranted in a home vib deal inspection policy as 
regards acceptance of at lsast certain classes of defective tics. 


DIS@RICT 3 = SOUTHVES TIAN DIS DICT 


Makes the Lesson Stick: Ranger ‘unite of the Lincoln, according to the Lincoln 
Bulletin, never overlooks an opportmity in matters of fire publicity. On con- 
pistion of a fire law enforcemsnt case he hands the violator a number ‘of firs 


signs to post and subsequent checks !show they are always posted. 


Cork Bark for Chinking: Ranger Haynes of the Apache saves the bark from cork 

bark fir logs cut for building log lookout cabins. Strips of this ars placed 

on both sides of the small split pieces of wood used to fill the spaces between 
logs. This makes a tight fit without using mud chinking. As the wooden pieces 
dry and shrink they are driven farther in between the logs so that the wall again 
becomes solid and tight. ‘Log walls mate in this fashion not only are as good as 
those chinked with mud oa "gunny sacks" but also are of much senses appearance. 
It!si well worth trying in the Aloine type. 


Interforsst Boundary Changes: Advance ‘copies of new Droclamatioas for the Tonto, 
Prescott and Coconino have been received. They will transfer 124,500 acres 

above ths rim from the Tonto to ths Coconino and 279,0vL acres on the Cave Jreek 
District from the Prescott to the Tonto. It is expected that President Coolidge 


will sign the proclamations at an early date. 


Zaglos Pr Be ae on srescott; Actording to the Prescott Bulletin, eagles are 
doing damage to game and livestock on that Forest. Jim Reaves, a cattleman on 
the Cherry Ranger District, reports having ssen an eagle catch a young antelope, 
The eagle carried his prey up about thirty fest and dropped it, then picked it 
up again and flew away with it. It is said that in Copper Canyon eagles have 
carried off a number of young gosts and pigs. 


DIST.A009 5 = GALi ANA DISTILG? 


=i MALS me EE dd thy 


A Madera County Brunhild: Wo, it wasn't a thousand-acre firs, but that wasn't 
his fault. ‘Jhose? ‘why, a chap by the name of chas3, who worked for the San 
Joaquin Light & Power company until Judge Short of u'Neals bastiled him for six 
months. On the way back to his job near th Granz Valley Dam from a vacation in 
Fresno, Chase and his frind drove off the road a hundred yards or.so to eat 
lunch. He kicked away the dry srass and built 2 aice firs and then ducked into 
the machine to retrieva his coffeepot. Upon emerging he found himself ia the 
fix of the Skandihooviaa goddess who was ringed about with flame. Unlike that 
lady, however, he and his companion made a double quick get-away, but not quick 
anoueh to escape retribution at the hands of Sorest Ranger offord of the Sierra 
Natiopal Forest, who on behalf of nis Uncie Gan arrested the dhase person and 
conductsd him befors the J. P., who did the rest. 


lr. J: G. Dort,has returned to Igiaeering after spending the last six months 
in-‘/ashington’on the preparation of an office ra0n0rt covering the water power in- 
Bee oe Prone in southeastern Alaska in 1922, as well as a manuscript on ‘Water 
Powers of Southeastern Alaska," covering all the investigations made by the 
writcr end other engineers of the better known water power sites in the Tongass 
National Forest. A summary of these resources slows that approximately 532,uLvU 
primary horse power can be develoned at the batter-knowa sitss, anc the average 
pow3sr capacity of these sitas is & DILORL metaly 462,(.t horse annie These power 
capacities have bs2n computee on the basis of “aise WEBEL hors2 power at turbiae 
Shafts “here the prime movers would b2 Girect-conascted to the grinders of a 
aes pulp and paper plant, or electrical horse power at motor shafts where 
tLe powsr sites would be develosed elactrically aad the power transmitted to 
soma goutral point. ilany of these sites can ba davelope around 350 or 360 per 
eee horse power. This is 2 very low unit cost for power and a very favor- 
2s factor for the development of bas DULD and pader industry in this region, 
“nis bulletin is to be publisiec by the #ederal Power Commission, 


mihi 


aida 


The receat legislation enacted by-the Canadian Governuzat vill place ax 
embargo upon the export of pulpwood from Canada. This will ssriously affect a 
large number of pulp mills in the Usited States which are adspaadent upon Canada 
for their supply of raw products, but will tend to: hasten the development of | 
the newsprint incustry in Alaska. 


DISTRICT 6 - NURTH PAGI FIG DISTAICE 


SS ———— 


Literary Digest in on Forestry: This national weekly-has recently conducted a 
nation-wide inquiry on the forsst situation, the results of which wiil probably 
appear in print this fall. The questionnaires sent out to cooperators in D-6 


was as follows: 


1. Is the demand for timber increasing faster than the supply? If so, 
how soon is the shortage likely to produce famine vrices that will cause a 
crisis in the industry? 


2. Is there waste in present methods that can bs reduced or eliminated? 
3. Are [com Sone ge eee. that can be used oe oe ee the shortage? 

‘4. Are new sources of.supply in prospect? + pet esi 

5: what Steps do you recommend to -ramady tho situation’. 


Farticipation in Civic affairs: Supervisor Weigle sarved this spring on at least 
two committees of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce for "Know Seattle eek." He 
nas received very complimentary letters thanking him for his splendid work from 
‘the chairmen of the Speakers Committee and the Tourist Comittee. Weigle is 
making ths Forest Service known and known favorably in Seattle. 


DISTRICT 7 — FASTRAIN DISTRICL 


ee eS 


Speaking of Utilization: On a 20-acra plot in the ‘white Mountain forest at Bart- 
lett, N. H., there is a Ranger Station and garage, a garden under agricultural 
Special use permit, a grazing pasture under special use and grazing permits, and 
in winter the pasture is leased to a local outing club for winter sports, in- 


cluding skating rink, ski jump and toboggan slide. 


bering between 4,UW and 5,.U0 paople, recently visited the Wichita Forest and 
Game Preserve. Jor insdection by his visitors Supervisor Shanklin rounded up 
One hundred buffaioss and tyenty calves and explained the work of the Service 
in the development of this famous buffalo ‘1erd. In addition to the buffalo the 
Legionnaires and their friends viewed a number of the antalop3, elk, and wild 
turkey of the preserve and wer3 shown through Buffalo Lodge, the Jorest head- 
quarters. Vache and Lawton papers in revorting the svent declare it to have been 
thoroughly 2njoyable and instructive and indicates thet local oroprietary inter- 
est in the Wichita is growing rapidly. 


aful Mismorial Arc”, erected at the Transylvania or Davidson River entrances 
to the Pisgah by popular subscription, was unveiled with appropriate ceremonies 
on Labor Day. The arch or 21traénce portal is built of aative rock, the columns 
bearing bronze tablets on whic ar: inscribed the aames of the Transylvsnia 
County boys who fought ia ths orld Jar. tn the face of the arch, in massive 
letters, is the inserijdtioa, “isgah ‘ational Zorest and Game Preserve. Above 
the center of the arch sits a bronze American eagis. The design of the struc 
ture is very pleasing and it constitutes not only a s>lendid memorial but also a 
uaique and appropriate? expression of the pride of tis local psople in the Pisgam 
Forest as a public institution. 


U.S: FoResT SERVICE 
' (Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 38. Washington, D. G. September 24, 1923. 


A 


By Col. William B. Greeley 


Our country is still in the stage of extremely liberal use of forest 
products, engendered by the very abundance of our virgin resources and na- 
tional habits which have made us preeminent as a nation of wood users. We 
are still in the stage, as well, of mining out our remaining forest re- 
sources with but slight and inadequate consideration for their restoration. 

We are using timber three or four times as fast as we are growing it. Un- 
doubtedly the hard lessons of necessity will compel a material restriction 

in the use of forest-grown materials, a process which has already begun. 
Undoubtedly the same stern lessons will gradually compsl a change in national 
habits of land use which will ultimately bring about a continuing and sustained 
supply of timber grown on the ample areas of land which we have available over 
and beyond other economic naeds. This change in fact is now well started in 
the sections of the United States which have passed through the cycle of tim- 
ber depletion to dependence upon distant and costly sources of forests prod= 
ucts. 

The most definite and effective step which the United States has yet 
taken to meet its forest problem has besn the retention or placing of a little 
more than one-fifth of our total area of forest land under public ownership, 
with forms of management dedicated to the continuous production of timber 
crops. Our great and fundamental problem of the protection of forested and 
cut-over land, in all classes of ownership, from fire, is gradually boing 
solved on the principle of public and private coopsration, The next step, 
that of bringing about real forestry practice on the four-fifths of our timdber- 
growing lard which remains in private ownership, is going to be a long and 
difficult task in whose accomplishment economic pressure will doubtless play 
the major part. Hers again, however, the principle of public and private coop- 
eration and the cooperation of Federal with State agancies, in both of which 
the American people have had extended experience and have developed something 
akin to a mational genius, will be a powerful factor. And as a part of this 
cooperation the further principle of the public right to exercise reasonable 
restraints upon the utilization of natural resources will undoubtedly be rec- 
ognized. 

At the present juncture the forest problem of the United States is 
primarily one of public education, The nation is gradually responding to the 
warning of Roosevelt that forestry represents one of the most important inter- 
nal problems of the United Statss, The current discussion of timber supply 
and reforestation far exceeds anything previously witnessed in this country. 
Thsre is a constantly growing response to the movement initiated by the head 
of ths Forest Service when he returned from military service overseas with ths 
lessons of thes World War as to the fundamental sources of national strength 
fresh in mind and urged far more general and effective national action for the 
restoration and perpetuation of one of our foremost natural ressources. The 
honored President who has been taken from us placed the seal of his own ap- 
proval and support upon a national program of Federal, State and privats coop- 
eration to Secure a gemerous measure of reforestation. A committee of ths 


the everyday American citizen and commands his support. 


THE PORZST PROBLZM OF CUR UNITED STATS (concluded) 


United States Senate has spent much of the present summer in studying the refor 
astation problems of the several regions in this country. We are working out 

ths problem, as we usually do work out such problems in the United States, | 
through public study and public education of a sort that sooner or later reaches 


FOLLOWING THS SQUIRRELS 
By D. 5. Alson, D-1 


Match your wits with the little pine squirrel at his own game of coms — 
caching, hs hide, you find. The game doesn't go stale if you keep mentally als 
A number of years ago while hunting a supply of Douglas fir cones I wee 
much chagrined at having a little squirrel so completely "slip one over on m5." 
Douglas fir cones generally are wormy, although from the outside thsy appear to” 
be sound. ‘These wormy cones fall to the ground and can not be detected from a 
supply freshly cut by the squirrel. Therefore 1 was anxious to find a cache, 
squirrels store only the best cones. I found a squirrel at work, so hid myself 
to watch his trips and thus locate his cache. Trip number one was right past m 
and the cons deposited on the far side of-a log lying in plain view. Likewise 
the second, and so on for seven trips. I now felt sure of his cache and had 
visions of perhaps three or four bushels of cones. When I looked there were 
SEVEN cones. 
Likewise in the cutting operation they have drawn me away from the seat - 
of operations to some tree where a few cones were cut for my special benefit. 
In lean seed years these squirrels will store away for winter use any Kl 
of cons; even cedar conss are cached. In prolific seed years the heavier seed, 
such.as white and yellow pine cones, form the bulk of their winter store, but 
they seem to like variety, and add other species to their supply. 
Cutting begins in the middle of August when the "seed is in the dough," 
i- e., the kernel the consistency of dough. At this tims you will find the sq 
rels busy sampling the seed. Douglas fir and spruce ripen first and are there= 
fore the first to bs cached. 
The squirrels work singly. The cones are cut from the branches with the 
teeth, but the operation is so fast it appears that the cones are pulled off. 
The cones are tossed out from the tree, perhaps so they won't lodge in the 
branches. The cones fall at the rate of about one every second. 
They do not cut the cones haphazardly. It is because the squirrels sele 
the cones having the best yield and the plumpest seed that makes it so desirabl 
to get our seed supply from squirrel caches. Seed from caches are certain to 
sound and fully matured. 
Such little things as a tree leaning over running water so the cones whe 
cut will be carried away are not overlooked - rather the tree is. And we have 
yet to hear of a cache bsing found with two species of cones in it. 
There are different types of caches, but you will generally find them 1 
moist places where such conditions are available. Small species such as spruce 
ars generally found stored in little pits holding from a few cones to a peck, 4 
the bas2 of a tree, stump or log. Douglas fir are often cached in a hollow s 
or a brush pile. White pine is commonly cached under large logs or in the spac 
between two logs lying ~arall2l. White pine caches have been found entirely 
under watcr, The largest cache on record contained 40 bushels of white pine 
cones. 
On2 more point for the squirrel! 
In one of our large collection jobs, the cone pickers got ahead of the 
packing, which resulted in largs stacks of sacked conss being left along the 
trails until the pack trains could catch up with the work of hauling them to thé 
mill. Ths cons pickers ware paid on a picce rate basis tallicd at the mill so 
were naturally concerned with these sacks of thsoirs lying around in the woods. 
The squirrels having found these sacks were busy reclaiming their cones. Two 
Frenchmen, the best pickers in camp, quit. When asked why, one exclaimed, "Zee 
lsstle thief; I swipe heem one sack,-and hcem swipe me two sacks." 


WHY FILE CLERKS GO MAD 
By Tom Gill, Washington 


If, as some one has said, "Language is a vehicle for concealing thought,” 
file designations are turning out to be a six-cylinder perambulator concealing — 
corresrondencs,. a 
-2- a 


BE 


WHY FILE CLERKS GO MAD (Concluded) 


| I have before me several letters on an exhibit. The correspondence 
| began boldly under the designation "P-Sxhibits (National Canners' Association)." 
| Concise, idiomatic, and to the point. A reply to the Letter came back desig- 
j mated "RPLZ." Consternation in the file room! Wext came several letters on 
| the same subject disguised under the designation "RPL-Exhibits.' This drew 
| forth a reply meekly headed "P~Exhibits," and the answer came back "RPL." 
Some one then answered this letter who, lacking imagination, had to fall back 
on a previous designation, "P-Exhibits.""| A reply to this went one better and 
Cems in "R-Exhibits." 

I am kissing this correspondence a fond farewell and sending the letters 
to files. Only by some miracle can they ever return as one happy family. 


By Will C. Barnes, Washington 


In getting the material together for the Forester's annual report the 
figures show that at the present time we are cooperating with 733 separate 


livestock associations and the two National Associations. These are distrib- 
uted as follows: 


HUE WSS Hei cle lle lita Oe Oe eee ae EA 84 units 
a ene Ree a eS RN 149 " 
re ii eaten Poa hat a eae oe | soe 
" Pea ahve Nhe ne ace ha 264 =" 
" awe te RieeeTn wearer eras 34 ” 
nr SN ea i aarti +. ga ack by 
" i hy PM e aD maging : 1 . 


This is over 100 associations more than we have ever before had on our lists 
and shows that our efforts to secure the cooperation of the associations are 
bearing good fruit. Naturally one would expect District 4 to have by far the 
largest number, as the Mormons in that. District are strong on cooperation. 
In no other District do we get the thoroughly friendly and enthusiastic coop- 
eration with our livestock associations that we get there. 

Turning to the question of fees, the total receipts for the fiscal year 
1923 were $2,341,485. Last year the receipts. were a little larger, being 
pe,415,612. 

for the fiscal year 1923 the receipts from cattle and horses amounted 
to $1,444,000; for sheep and goats $873,000. 
| The receipts for the Districts show that District 4 had the largest, 
$695,000; District 2 coming next with $591,000. District 4 is also at the 
top of the list with $342,000 cattle receipts. and $249,000 sheep receipts. 
Oddly enough the State of Colorado, which is in District 2, paid the largest 
amount in fees, $363,000; Arizona coming next with $318,000. The Largest 
amount of cattle fees from any one State was $255,000 from Arizona; the larg- 
est amount of fses from sheep came from Colorado, $123,000. 

District 7 distinguished itself by collecting $12.82 in grazing fees 
from stockgrowers in the State of Mains, and reported a single grazing tres- 
Pass case for the whole District for the large sum of $1. 


FOREST RANGERS' GOK BOOK 
(Receipts prepared by Supervisor Cunningham of the Sequoia) 


Take a liberal slice of our timber-covered mountains, sprinkle liber- 
ally with deer hunters (be sure and get as many careless ones as possible), 
garnish well with tailor-made cigarettes and bake and brown with unextin- 
guished camp fires. 

Hot Cakes 


Take a hunter out of season, an angler without a license and a camper 
without a fire permit. Put in one game warden and one forest ranger and stir 
until well mixed. Place in the Justice Court. Remove the officers and sea- 
son the balance with judicial advice and bake in the county jail for 2% days. 


~oe 


a 


REST RANGERS' COOK BOOK ( Concluded) 


Angel Food Gaks 


Take 1 dozen carsful campers, 1 dozen law-abiding hunters and ons dozen 
licensed anglers, place in nice shady camp, where all cans and ‘refuse have bee! 
burisd, mix with one ranger, sprinkle with interesting songs, stories and jokes 
and servs during summer evenings. 


Hot Buns 


Get a nice plump city dude who has just shot a fawn, cover with arrest, 
shake off all excuses, get a commitment (judgest brand preferred) and let bot 
90 days in the county jail. If very tough, boil for a longer psriod- 


Porfection Pip 


Take 2 cattlemen and liberal supply of campers. Have cattlemen drive 
cattle to camp ground and salt. Have campers dog cattle away from salt and 


water. Mix with personal opinions and serve separately with Irish temper to 
forest officers, 


Fire Prevention Pie 


Take a nice shady camp, a nice cold spring, a happy family, a camp firs 
permit, 2 carsful smoker and mix with common sense, season with respect for 
others and servs them, boy, with every kindness possible. 


WASHINGTON NoTEs 
Lumbermen to Aid Japan: Steps are being taken by the Pacific Coast lumbermen 
to prevent the distress of the Japanese people being exploited by speculators. 
The National Association of Lumber Manufacturers has been petitioned to do 
everything in its powsr to prevent spsculators from holding up the unfortunate 
people of Japan and to cooperate with those who are raising funds to reliev3 
their sufferings. ; 

The National Headquarters of ths Red Gross have arranged for the imme- 
diate shipment of 9,099,006 feet of lumber, 6,000,050 feet of which was donated 
by two western lumber companies. 

: It is estimated that the rebuilding of the wrecked portion of Japan 
will call for the enormous amount of 3,750,090,000 feot of Lumber. This 1s 
more than all the mills of Japan could produces ina year and a haif, but it 

is not much mors than a normal month's output of the American sawmills. Out- 
side of British Columbia the United States is the only available sourcs of 
supply for Japanese lumber requirements. The sudden addition of 3,750,000,000° 
fect to the current demand, especially if accompanied by the granting of option 


to spsculators, might result in the absence of precautions that ars being taken 


in the establishment of excessive prices for the lumber needed by Japan at this 
time. 
nese orders and also those arising from ths emergency, deferring as much 4s 
possible a portion of the domestic and other export businsass msantime. 


in the Whites Mountains. 


BOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


cated to tha citizens of the United States" when Mir. Rolf Thelen received @ 
patent for the reversible circulation internal fan kiln. 

This kiln has already been successfully used in th3 drying of Dougias 
fir, and another installation is now being made in the South. 

In the West, a battery of twenty-five of these.kilns is being crected | 
by a big Douglas fir operator and one of thse prominent dry kiln companies has) 
an experimental dry kiln in operation in the region. The equipment has 21s0 > 
been addsd to one of the Laboratory ‘ilans. Ss 

Bey bee 


; 
- 


It is believed that the mills will concentrate on filling pending Japa-~ 


i a ee ee ne ae a ae oe a 


FORES? PRODUCTS LARORATORY (Concluded) 


‘tion of a dry kiln was recently received by the Forest Service from the Army 
organization. fa 

The dry kiln to be built is to ssason the lumber which the Army will 
use for constructing 55 one-story buildings that are to house over 5,000 men 
on th3 military reservation at Benning, Georgia. On this reservation of 96,000 
acres are 50,600,00u feet of pine from which will be cut and dried 1,500,000 
feet for the new cantonment, 


Sixty Chinese Colleges Studonts Visit the Laboratory: Sixty Chinese men and 
/women visited the Laboratory during a Medison convention of Chinese students 
“who are attending various colleges in the West ard Middle West. Although these 
are not forestry studsnts, it was evident from their questions that on their 
return to China, they will display a keen interost in ths extension of for- 
estry in their own land, 


FOREST SXPTRIMANT STATIONS 
Natural Reproduction After Fires 
River Forest Exp3rim2nt Station curing 1921 and 1922 on the burned-over land 
of the Clearwater Forest shows some v3ry interesting results. Approximately 
60 per cent of ths entire Forest was burned in 1916 and reburned in 1919. 
Seventy-thrse per cent of the burned land is now restocking, and 957 per cent 
of this area is coming back to white pine, where white pine constitutes 10 or 
more per cent of the reproduction. Most of this burn2d-over land is woefully 
understocked, as 75 per cent of the arca reproducing has less than 100 seedlings 
psr acre, and only about 15 vor cent of the area is restocking satisfactorily. 
Most of th2 whits pine seedlings came up two or three years after the firs of 
1910, while the 1919 bummed arcas ars reproducing chiefly along the immediate 
sdges of the burn3d area or near seed tress. Areas burned in 1910 and 1919 
both show, as yet, no natural reproduction. 

On the Cocur d'Alens Forest, the areas with slashings burned in thsse 
firss show no reproduction whatever, for there are no seed tress and the fires 
were oxcecdingly destructive. On one area, burned only in 1919, reproduction 
is plentiful wheres wate was a stand 1U0 years old, while on areas with a stand 
of trees less than 46 years no now growth hes appeared. Apparently the younger 
stands did not produce ssed. 


res: A study made by J. A. Larsen of the Prisst 
0 


Forestry or Gil: A tal2 of wos reaches us from the Southern Forest “xperiment 
Station, for oil has bsen found at Urania, La., and the sample plot work thore 
may find itsclf swimming in oil and derricks may grow where only trees grew 


heretofors. Truly, life at a forest experiment station is just one thing aftcr 
another. ; 


DISTRICT 1 - NORTHERN DIST ICT 
Highest Peak in Montana Climbed by Forest Servics Party: Granite Peak, in the 
Beartooth forest, slevation 12,842, and the highest known peak in Montana, has 
long been an object for ambitious mountain climbers. Its ascent was first 
attempted in 1899 by James B. Kimball, who yublishad a description of the re- 
Sion as a bulletin of th2 American Geographical Society. Mr. Kimball's party 
succseded in getting within a few hundred fest of the summit, but were forced 
to turn back. ‘Several later attempts have been made by parties from Billings, 
but without success, It remained for the Forest Service to lead the way, and 
on August 28 Forest Supsrvisors Ferguson and Whitham and Assistant District 
Forester Koch succeeded in reaching the summit. The mountain is a very pre- 
Cipitous, chisel-edge ridge, and tha last 800 or 90% fest of the climb is prac- 
tically all precipitous climbing, necessitating very carsful work in edging 
around narrow ledges and up crevices wherevsar 2 hand-hold could be obtained. 


The party left an Amsrican flag on the summit as evidence of their succcss.-- 
BeKe 


au 


Smokechaser (obsorving jewel on vesture of highly educated lookout) 
"What bans dat pin?" 
H.Z.Lookout; "Class pin." 
"W'sere you bane get him? 
"Yalo," 
"All fallers get yust sam!’ kind?" 
"Yes, all the fellows who were in at ths same time." 
"How long yu bane in?" 
"One ysar,!! 
"By yes! Aye bane in yail two yarp and Ays never get 
no pans" 


A Suggestion: You have all noticed the tendency of the average citizen to 
drop casually into your office and confidently request information in regard 
to the status of the grapefruit industry in Florida, the best method of hand- 
ling reindeer, or other matters of which you are probably sublimcly ignorant. 
Mr. Ordinary Citizen innocently regards us as representatives of the United 
States Government, or at least of the Department of Agriculture instead of 

as mers foresters. And hs has a right to do so. We ara often forced to 


answer to the effsct that we have troubles of our own, and to suggest that he 


| 


write to the Secretary of the Department involved, and we may possibly even 
gst the wrong department. 


Now for the suggastion: Let cach Supervisor's office be furnished with | 


an abbreviated Govermment directory showing the bureaus in 3ach department and 
the matters with which they are concerned. Let us further keep uo-to-date in 
each office a directory of local officials whom the public deals with - such 
men as the predatory animal inspsctors, officials of the B.A.I., and Land Of- 
fics officials. 

Furthermore, why shouldn't our offices be a sort of local headquarters 
for traveling officials of the Department? Often it would be possible to fur- 
nish desk room for a day or two ard possibly stenographic assistance to these 
homeless wandsrers, and not only effect an economy but also secure closer con- 
tact between our somewhat loossly connected bureaus. Incidentally, the result 
would tand to producs 2 class of traveling "boosters" for the Service, — it 


would aid in selling the Service to other members of our Department. What do 
you thinky--J.B.T. 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISPRECE 


Young Plantation Doing Yell; Supervisor Richey of the Holy Cross and Forcst ~ 
Examiner Johnson of the District office recently examined a 50-acre plantation 
of SZngelmann spruce which was planted on the Holy Cross Forest above Pando in 
the spring of 1921. 

The sprucs was ths last shipment of nursery stock from the abandoned 
Cottonwood Nursery in D-4, It was an oxcellent grads of stock, the planting 
conditions were favorable, and the recent inspection showed only 4 per cent 
loss at the close of ths third growirg season. It is believed that this is 4 


record for high survival of Engelmann spruce. The trees were planted on an 
Old Sngelmann spruce burn. 


— = SO. Se 


most parts of the District and there is some comment among shcsrmen that sheep 
on the high ranges hava not dons as well as normally on account of this condi- 
tion. Ordinarily, we would expect a better condition of lambs with this soru4 
season, but there is such a thing in the high altitude as having the wet com 
ditions continue too long. 

There is some comment on cattl2 ranges being too wet and feed not harde 
ing in timo to condition the cattle? before the usual shipment periods, 


if 
we 


| 


DISTRE CE 3 _- SOUDM/ESTERN DISTAL OT 


New Mexico's Game Refuges: At a recent meeting of the New Mexico Game Commission 
at.Santa Fe, cight new game refuges were established in the State. They are the 
Mount Taylor on the Manzano, the Ruidoso, Gallinas and Little Dog Canyon on the 
Lincoln, the Burro Mountain, Bullard Peak and Sapello on the Gila, and the 
Senorito on tho Santa Fe. All of the new refuges are small, each being Less - 
‘than thrse townships in area. ‘The theory is that the gamg will there find breed 
ing and resting places. The overflow from there should ultimately give much 
‘better hunting in the State, 

In addition, the Game Commission approved the Gila fish hatchery and 
assigned a permanent deputy game warden to the Mogollon Mountains. The site of 
‘the hatchery was not definitely determined, although it will be somewhere on the 
headwaters of the Gila River in the Gila Forest. 

The action taken on the rsfuges and the hatchery is the result of rscom- 
mendations of the New Mexico Game Protective Association and completes ths leg- 
islative program mapped out by this organization for the present year. 


= —— 2 = 
—— ———— en a ta 


Study," contains a chapter on "Our Forests -— Necessity for Conservation," pro- 
pared by the District office at the request of the State Superintendent of Pub- 
lic Instruction. The course of study is intended to aid the teachers and is not 
to be used as a text-book by the children themselvss. Incidentally, it may be 
mentioned that Miss Zckles, the Stats Superintendent, expressed herself as en- 
tirsly in sympathy with the Forest conservation movement. She stated that shes 
was anxious to hav; Forest Service employees address school children whenever 
opportunity afforded, since in no other way could th: children become more in- 
terested in the Forests of the State and their importance to the welfare of 
their communitiss, 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Fropossd Sale of Timber on the Payctte: As a result of an application to purchase 
appraisal of a stand of timber approximating 48 million fect on an area of 5,167 
acres on Beaver and Peersol creeks, Paystte National Forest, has boen made and 
advertisement for the sale of this timber is being run in the Salt Lake Tribune, 
Idaho Daily Statesman, Spokssman Review at Spokane, American Lumberman at Chi- 
cago, and ths Timberman at Portland. Bids for this timber will be received by 
the District Forester at Ogden up until. 2 o'clock p. m., uctober 30, 1923. The 
minimum stumpage prices which will be considered are $3.50 per M for western 
yellow pins and $1.00 per M for all othor species. Ths total cut on this arca 
consists of 37 million feet of western yellow pine, 7,100,000 feet of Douglas 
fir and lerch, and 4,200,000 feet of whits fir, spruce, and lodgepole pine, mak- 
ing a total of 48,500,000 feet. Before bids are submitted full information con- 
cerning the character of the timber, conditions of sales, dsposits and submission 
of bids should be obtainc@ from the District Forester at Cgden or the Forest 
Supervisor at immett. A "Sale Prospectus" covering this chance will be fur- 
nished any interzsted party upon request. 


Pine White Butterfly: The pine butterfly is again very active on ths Idaho an 
Payette Forests. The ysllow pins timber adjacent to Long Valley has besn prac- 
tically defoliated during the last six weeks and ths butterflies are present in 
counti2ss numbers, indicating further action next year. On the Hoff and Brovm 
Sale on ths Idaho, th: ycllow pine seed trees and the other yellow pine left are 
practically stripped of their needles. The situation looks very serious. It 
may be that the yellow pine will recover from the defoliation itself, but there 
is great danger that other insect depredation will follow. 


Leaving for South Amsrica; Forest Ranger Ned Foster on the Challis Forest has 
Submitted his regignation effective September 4%. It is understood that Ranger 
Foster will go to South America to assume charge of 2 large cattle outfit. We 
are informed that his salary will be $2U0 per month. 


=f = 


Roads and Trails: Some interesting statistics on road and trail work in Califor 
nia ars obtainod from a tabulation and curve prepared for use in hearings of 
the Senats Reforestation Committee. From 1906 to 1922 inclusive, the total 
amount of Federal expsnditures (all funds) has been $3,071,736.66. Of this 
amount $1,743,272,14 has been exvended in the construction of 118.8 miles of 
Major roads; $341,484.98 in the construction of 541.8 miles of Minor roads; ta 
and $335,224.43 on 1,185.7 miles of trail. During this period Cooperative funds 
to the oxtent of $786,559.54 haves been expended. From 1914 to 1922 inclusivs, 
$241,884.22 was spent for Maintenance of roads and trails, and $409,870.89 for 
Overhsad and Equipment. The tabulation and curve show a stcady increase in ‘ 
yearly "Fsodoral Fxpenditures" from 1917 on, but "Cooperative Expenditures" hayes © 
variscd groatly since 1912 - 1915 being ths lowest. 


New Industry For Angeles Forsst: "Hello, Supervisor Chariton! ‘Send me down a 
couple of dozen nice little butterflies. I'm giving a party tonight." - 

This conversation, which my be heard frequently in the near future, will 
not have refersnes to chorus girls or movie girls, or in fact any other kind of 
girl of the "butterfly" type. Far be it from such. It will refer to plain um 
adultsrated butterflies. 

Los Angeles, they say, is ths starting place for more freak industries 
than any other city in the world. When a fox ranch and a lion ranch and an 0S- 
trich ranch and an alligator ranch wers established in that asck of the woods, 
people said the limit had been reached. But'’not so. Recently a formal appli- 
cation to establish a forty-acre butterfly ranch in Cajon Pass was recsived in 
the office of the Angeles National Forest. The "crop" of butterfliss will be 
raised for commercial and decorative purposes, and thousands will perish in al- 
cohol or be transfixed to the pagss of entomologists’ text-books. , 

If the permit is granted it is the intention of the Supervisor to requirs 
fesd-lot counts befors ths lepidoptsrous insects are turned forth to graze on ' 
the Forest, and that a "wrangler" squipped with an airplane be employed. 


DISTRIGE 6 - NORTH PACLFIC DISTRICT ‘ 


heard Dr. Hofmann's talk on relative humidity at the Logging Congress last fall 
and is very much interested in the matter. He intends to purchase one of the 
pocket sling psychromstsrs and has asked for all available data on the subject. 
Mr, Hofmann and W. B. Osborne have just prepared for printing a brief resume of 
conclusions roached to date on relative humidity and forest fires. ‘This will 
be issu2d at once, with several cuts,and copies will be supplied to all field 
officers of the Forest Service and the State and Assn. wardens. It was made 
possible by the cooperation of the Western Porastry & Conservation Association. 


Pe O. Gsdar; Three Fort Orford cedar separator box boards, 6" x 1/8" - 16", have 
Just bscn received from Forest Supervisor MacDaniels. ‘The boards were cut in 
the mill of C. H. Pearse,’ Port Orford, Ure., in a little mill that he and his 
wife rm. Hs logs his own timber by horse, operates his mill with a gas eneine, 
and hauls his product to market ina Ford. 

In the production of these boards, Mr. Pearse is utilizing so-called 


waste material from cut-over cedar land. Mr. MacDanie2ls feels that cut-over 
cedar lands of that region will bs re-logged for short length material provided 
the prics for this class of product holds or advances,-—-W.H.G. 


futting it Into Practica: Miss Maude Stone, D-6"s librarian, took a course in 
public spsaking the past winter, in the University of Oregon extension course. 


She practiced a little rocently by giving a forestry talk before several groups 
of Portland Camp Fire Girls. 


A and ¢ | 
Service } 
U.S. Forest SERVICE 

(Contents: Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 39. Washington, D. d. October 1, 1923. 


NINE-FOOT ROADS ART NOT RUADS AT ALL 
By H. N. Wheeler, Dez 


Roads too narrow or so constructed as to fail to answer the purpose 
for which they were built are not really roads at all, and the money expended 
1S an economic loss. A nins-foot scar along a canon wall or hill slope is 
only a good trail and can not be really classsd as a road. With no ditch, 
or only a poor imitation of ons on the insids, the first principle of road 
construction - drainege - is lacking. Zarth is constantly slipping down and 
narrowing the supposcd roadway by blocking it entirely or filling it on the 
inside so that to drive over it may cause the car to slide or be thrown to 
the outsides and over the edge of the hin Gn such a so-called road, even 
when in g00d condition, there is only ons place to drive,and to vary only a 
few inches may mean Higuster. If the driver relaxes is vigilanc> for the 
fraction ofa second, or sneezes or coughs, hs may gives the wheel a slight 
turn and plunge the car with himself and companions over the edge or into the 
hill and injure the machino, 

4 man driving a Whits truck loaded with children drove off the Trappers 
Laks road, killing his sister and crippling a child. It-is said he was going 
too fast- Ido not know the possibls spsed of a White truck up a moderate 
grads, but is it not possibl after driving forty miles over a winding 
s0-cailsd ninc-foot road hs couldn't stand the strain and the accident re- 
Sultsd? Another man driving a Dodgs on the same road went over the edge and 
Was rescusd by a /inton-Six sedan from Glevsland, Ohio. The otcupants of this 
latter car wer? much exercissd over the road and were very fearful of a suc- 
cessful return. They did aot hesitates to roast everything about Solorado in 


= taat 


ctl 


general and the buildcrs of that road in particular. ȤAn isolated cass you 
Say. But if anyons has heard any praiss whatsver of the so-called nine-foot 
roads by those who have traveled them will they uot please spsak up? 

A prominent citizen of Fort COllins, wien asked if he had been over 
our Benn:tt Creek road on thz Colorado, replica that he had but wouldn't go 
agaia because his wife vas so frightened she would not go again nor let him. 

Why build roads for travel if they can ree used? Better far to build 
no roads than thess nine-foot mistakes. Is it too much to say that by con- 
Structing them and throwing them open to ths public the Forest Service en- 
dangers life and property? Public Relations is. concerned about this matter. 
We are looking for ths approval of the public and yet we deliberately spend 
monsy in this "psnny wise" sort of way and rec2ive only ths condemnation of 
the public 2nd give to our enamics a talking point for placing our recreation 
areas in National Farks. 


Maray mountainsers, accustomed to driving over all sorts of rough roads, 


hesitat: ebout eoing over these nine-foot trails, and people from the Plains 
States try then only once or not at all. There is no such thing as a nine- 
foot automobile road, aud if there is demand for a road at all, certainly it 
Should be net less than a twelve-foot road with an adequate drainage systam 


and turnouts on all curves and other »vlacss frequently enough to make travel 
reasonably safs 


PLANT COLLECTING SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED 
By Will ¢. Barnes, Washington 


In my early experience in the West, in common with the majority of the 
local people, I used to view with considerable amusement the work of the men 
wearing "funny"' clothes who went over the country pulling up by the roots and 
preserving carefully all the weeds and plants and grasses they could get their 
hands on. We classed all such under the common name of "Bug Hunters." 

I remember well a young cow puncher remarking one day as he watched one 
of these men at work in the round-up camp: "These here bug hunter’. chaps are 
doing a sight more damage to the range than the old cows, for they pull up all | 
the grass and weeds by the roots leavin' nothin' for the stock." 

Later on in life, as I began to accumulate experience and with it some 
wisdom, I realized why men take such keen interest in plant collecting. In 
addition to the pleasure of the work there is always the possibility of finding 
some new and hithsrto unknown plant to which your name might be attached and 
thus send your name down in history as ths first discoverer of some new grass 
or weed. 

Several of our Forest officers have had the pleasure of discovering new 
plants in thoir plant collecting work. Looking over our herbarium records, my 
attention was directed to the enthusiasm and success of Deputy Supervisor Rober 
Thompson of the Coronado Forest in Arizona. Thompson has been a persistent 
piant collector for several years past, having sent in more than a hundred speci 
mens from the two Forests on which he has worked, ths Tonto ard the CorommdOe 
Of the piants sent in from the Coronado one has Serra kept for the United States 
National Herbarium, one new grass discovered for Arizona, two grass genera are 
new to the Forest Service, six general of "weeds" and shrubs are new to the For 
ost Service, ons family new to the Forest Service, two species possibly new to 
Scisnce, and four additions to the known grasses of District 3. 

This sesms to be a mighty good record for one man and should encourage 
others to continue this kind of grazing work. The main point in surveying 
Thompson's work is that he has evidently not been satisfied with simply gather- 
ing up enythirg in the way of plants, no matter how common, but seems to have 


searched in the odd corners of his ranges for hitherto undiscovered specimens - 
a mighty fine scheme. 


CONCERNING TYPSS OF THUNDERSTORMS 
By H. T. Gisborne, Priest River =xp. Sta. 


Thunderstorms are classified by meteorologists into five types: cyclonic, 


tornadic, trough, border, and heat storms. It is generally possible for the 
District Forecasters of the Weather Bureau to forecast the first four types. 


The heat type storms form locally, however, and can only be forecast by observa=— 


tions made on the ground. ‘When such storms occur in forested country far from 
Weather Bureau stations, they are largely unheralded. The heat type storms, 
therefore, should receive special consideration in their relation to forest 
fires, 

The Monthly Weather Review for June, 1922, describes two kinds of heat 
storms, one known as the local or heat thunderstorm, and the other the topo- 


grapnic thunderstorm. In writing of the local or heat thunderstorm, Mr. Charles 
F. Erooks explains the formation and growth of such a storm as resulting from the 


excessive heating of the Lower air and ground surface. This hotter air natu- 
raliy tends to rise into the cooler, upper atmosphere, its rise being favored 


by high hymidity, winds of uniform direction and low velocity, and a large drop © 


in tonperature for increasing elevation above the ground. The rapid rise of 


the hot, numid air into the cold, upper levels results in rapid condensation and 
the formation of cumulus clouds or thunderheads. This action seems to take plact 


very easily cver areas where large volumes of moist air are readily warmed and 
frco uo rise, as over broad expanses of meadowland, river flats and warm lakeSs 
ir, Brooks points out that there are six different conditions which in- 
padake the 32 2yproach of heat thunderstorms. These conditions are: light winds, 
witorn wiacd direction, comparatively high temperatures at the surface of the 
garth, cold aloft, high absolute and relative humidity, and moist air up to 
10,000 or 15,000 feet elevation... If all of these conditions prevail in the 


 -2- 


a a EE 


morning, the indications are that hoat thunderstorms will very likely occur 
during the afternoon or evening. If one or more of than do not exist, the 
chances of a heat storm are greatly reduced. : 
Concerning the topographic thunderstorm, Mr. dleve Hallenbeck describes 
it as very similar to the preceding, oxcept that instead of originating over 
broad expanses of meadowland or warm lakes, it occurs in the mountains where 
the topography is such that it deflects the warm surface winds sharply upwards 
into the colder currents aloft. Whon this deflected. air current contains suf- 
ficient moisture so that a large amount of condensation occurs in the coldcr, 
upper atmosphere, large cumulus clouds are formed, and.if the condensation 1s 
sufficiently great lightning is often generated and a topographic thunderstorm 
results. 


SS SE SE eee SS 


By ©. KR. McKee, Florida 


During the summer of 1914 I had occasion to use some left-over bridge 
paint, and to make it easior to apply, I filled an old iron pot about two- 
thirds full and set it on the hot stove to warm it upa bit. I had stepped out 
of the kitchen a moment when my wife call:d to me that the pot was boiling over. 
When I roachsd the kitchen the pot of boiling over paint was afire. I grabbed 
a broom and got the handle under ths bail of the pot and made for the door, 
leaving a streak of burning paint on the floor behind. Disposing of the pot 
and the small quantity of burning paint left in it in the back yard, I turned 
to the streak of fire I had left in th2 kitchen. Theo Underwriters’ Fire =x- 
tinguisher being near the stove, it was only a momant until I was playing the 
liquid on th: firs, and in a fsw moments the fire was cxtinguished. ‘ater 
would probably have put the firo out, but valuable time would have been lost 
in pumping the water. he extinguisher was right on the job. I did not make 
any official report of this, but a very black streak about 14 inches wide lead- 
ing from the kitchen stove to the door, which no manner of scrubbing would re- 
move, bore mute evidence of ths experience until the floor was replaced sev- 
eral years later, 

This experience was recalled to mind several months ago by reading in 
the Bulletin of a Ranger Station being burned under practically the same cir- 
cumstances. 

Incidentally, during 1919 th: Florida becam: the ‘proud possessor of a 
Ford truck. Among other things it was equippsd with a Pyrene. tn examining 
the extinguisher one day. I inquired of the Guard who had been driving the truck 
what had become of the liquid in the extinguisher. His reply was that he had 
been using it on snakes and that it sure would knock tham out. 


AN ALASKAN PIONSE2 
By W. A. Dayton, Washington 


4 certain interest, both sentimental and practical, attaches to first 
efforts along any line of endeavor or achisvement. What appears to be the 
first collection of plants made on an Alaskan National Forest has rscently come 
to th2 writer's knowledge, viz., the “First Tongass Collection," mads by Mrs. 
J- C. Dort, the wife of Assistant District Engineer J. G. Dort (who was as- 
Signed to District 8 for water power investigations) during June to October, 
1922, on ths Tongass Wational forest. There are throe sets of Mrs. Dort's 
plants, one bsing filed with Prof. Jepson at Berkeley, California; another at 
Forest Service headquarters at Juneau, Alaska; the other being retained by the 
collector personally. 

Through the kind instrumentality of Mr. Leland S. Smith of the Modoc 
Forest, lirs. Dort has filed a list of these Tongass plants with the Washington 
office of Grazing. There arc 137 specimens listed, representing 136 spacies, 
108 genera, and 46 families (including 3 familics of cryptogams, or nonflower- 
ing plants). The identifications have been mads by Mr..Paul C. Standley, 
Assistant Curator of Plants, U. S. National Mussum (known to the Forest Service 
as joint-author of the well-known Flora of New Mexico). Mr. Standley has pre- 
pared, in collaboration with Dr. Coville, Botanist of the Bureau of Plant 


eal 


AN ALASKAN PIONW3E2 (Concluded) q 


Industry, a Flora of Alaska. Mrs. Dort states that this publication is q | 
awaited with keen interest by Alaskans intcrested in botany; she was asked |) 
questions on identification which only a botanist could answer. {/e under- | 
stand that Mr. Standley was much interested in Mrs. Dort’s collection and Z| 
kept five shects for the U. S. National Herbarium. These included the white Wy 
laurel (Kalmia occidentalis) which is rare in Alaska; a small saxifrage 
(Saxifraga tolmici) which is rarely found anywhere; two introduced weeds, ‘ 
the ficld thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the smartweed (Polygonum psnnsylvani-~ 
Cum) which had not b3en previously reported from Alaska; and the jewsl weed 
(Impatiens occidentalis). 

It may be of interest to note that 55 (or almost half) of Mrs. Dort's | 
species are not on our list of National Forest rangs plants. ‘These 55 sps- 


and 13 genscra (Andromeda, Cladonia, Cladothamnus, Cochlearia, Drosera, ei 
Harrimanella, Honkenya, Loiselouria, Nephrophyllidium, Oxycoccus, Pinguicula, ~ | 
Romanzoffia, and Struthiopteris) not included in our catalogue of National 
Forest range plants, . 
No trces are represented in Mrs. Dort's list unless some would conside 
the shrubby Sambucus pubsns and Viburnum pauciflorum as rclcgable to that cat | 
S0ry; besides these, 24 other namcs of shrubs or suffruticulose plants appears | 
Mrs. Dort has collected two sedges and on: rush, but. no true grasses appear Lil 
on her list. The following synopsis of chief plant families represented will ; 
be of interest to ecologists and others who deem plant distribution data "non | 
aliena ab illos;" a| 
| 


Chicf Families Represented by Mrs. Dort's Collection 


ne ee a 


——$— 


No. of :No. of: 
Spscics: gencra: 


. 
> 


SONG Cie Ae age : Bnglish name of family | 
18 ; 13 :Ericaceae (including Vaccini- : Heaths (including huckleberries | 
: : accae & Pyrolaceae) : & shinleafs) | 
15: 12 ;Compositae (including Cichori-: Composite (Daisy) a | 
: aceas) : . 
IAs ks 9 ;Rosaceas : OSC i | 
LO. vz 7 +;Hanunculaceas :Buttercup ( Growfoot) 3 
9 : 4 ;Scrophulariaceae ; Figwort-Snapdragon ‘ 
ii 6 :Liliaceae (including Convalla-:Lilics (including Solomon's- 
: : riaceae & Melanthaceae) : ssals & bunchflowers} 
ys 4 ;Saxifragaceae {including Gros-:Saxifrages (including currants 
: Sulariacea2 & Parnassiaceac) : & parnassias) 
a: 5 ms reer aioOmA Div CINE 94 Fee tard. oe ee 
81 60 


Mrs. Dort states that Mr. Thomas Murray, Ranger at Ketchikan, will 
continue the collection. 


See 


4ip - Bang! Anothsr Bull's-Zye! Forest Service folks scored another hit when 
they registered 43 articles out of a possible 57 Listed in ths "Articles in 
Current Publications" column of th2 Septomber 19 issuc of the Official Record. 
this was more than 76 per cent of the total. The Associate Forester queried 
the Public Relations Branch to know why the Service didn't score 99.4 per cent. 
Well, we probably would have ifa few fires hadn't taken up some of the time 
of the field force, 

Just wait until after the fire season is over! 


New_York Brcoaks Reforestation Records: New York has broken all previous records 
in reforostation this season by planting on its waste land areas all the trees 
which its nurseries could supply. More than seven million trees were planted 
in the State this spring, and it is predicted that the fall planting season 
will swell the number to twelve million. Municipal forestry is an adopted 


Be 


principle in the State and is now under way in more than thirty municipali- 
ties. County and school district forests are springing up rapidly and the | 
youth of this State are being instructed in the way which leads eventually to | 
perpetual supplies of timber.--'"The Seed Tree." 


A Letter from Arkansas: "Secretary of Agriculture Forester, Washington. sSome- 
times we cut cottonwoods or oaks and they come up from the roots and sometimes 
they don't? Can you tell me why. I should like to know as you sometimes want 
them to do differently from the way they do. Yours respectively, ‘ 


Distinguishcd Unglish Guests: General Lord Lovat, Chairman of the British For- 
estry Commission and with whom Colonel Greeley was closely associated in 
France, Mr. C. E. Legat, Chief Conservator of Forests in South Africa, and 
Professor R. S. Troup, head of the forestry school at the University of Oxford, 


Were recent Laboratory visitors. 


Reducing Utilization Losses of White Fir: In the study of losses in white fir 
made at a California plant, it was found that splits and seasoning checks, prob- 
ably of 2 preventable nature, account for 53 per cent of the white fir loss. 

. The determination of the causes of these losses has an important bear- 
ing on a National Forest timber sale, as the operator claimed that the white 
fir was being cut at a loss at the contract price. Recommendations have been 
made to the operator which should greatly reduce all losses. 


More Sawdust for the Cows: A ton of Douglas fir sawdust from the Pacific Coast 
has just arrived to be made into appetizing mcals for the bluc-blooded cows at 
the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. The proposed feeding ex- 
periment will continue for six months, and if good results are obtained, it 
‘will bo followed by more complete feeding tests. 


Laboratory Courses Draw Well: One man from Australia, another from Canada, and 
Oné woman were among the 28 students who tock the kiln drying and lumder sales- 
man courses given at the Laboratory beginning September 10. 


FOREST EXPERIMEN? STATIONS 


Fire Studies: In a study made by H. T. Gisborne of the Priest River Forest Ex- 
Pecriment Station in 1922, it was found that there were practically the same 
number of days with storms in northern Idaho as.in western Montana, yot there 
wers four times as many lightning fires per 100,000 acres in north Idaho. 
Seven peaks of lightning danger occurred during the year, including 15 days of 
July and August, which are the two most dangerous months. During this 15-day 
period, onc-third of the lookouts reported storms each day. To get this storm 
data used in this study 146 stations throushout D-1 reported. Nearly 1,300 
reports were reccived making this the largest widespread study of lightning 
Over a limited area yet recorded. 


But Was Ite? The experimental work st the Southern Forest Uxperiment Station on 
the Naval Stores study was interrupted by the sudden defection of the white 
boy who has been chipping the slash pine for us. His only rcason for quitting 
is his feeling that chipping is beneath his dignity. He quit the day after 
his picture was takon. 


a A A ae Se PE 


last spring eneoach a see ane stand of young ere on Cataract Creek. He 
was working along probably a half mile from ths crew. He heard a noise in the 
underbrush but went on working, paying no attention to it; but presently tho 
noise became louder and nearer. Larsen looked around and discovered, about 
thirty fcet from him and coming toward him on a dead run, a grizzly bear. Lar- 
Sen was standing nsar a eer which was the only tree within three or four hun- 
dred yards, and he lost no tims in starting to the top. But the bear lost no 
time, zither, and whsn Larsen was about eighteen feet from the ground, the bear 


=i 


a 


DISTRICT 1 ( Concluded) 


caught him, grabbed his foot, and tried to pull him from the tree. The bear 
let loose of the treo and hung with his mouth to Larsen's foot. Finally Lar= 
sen's shoe broke under the strain, pulled in two, the heel came off from it, 7 
and the bear and part of the shoe dropped to the ground. Larsen stayed in the 
tree long enough to give the bear plenty of chance to gst out of sight and 
went back to the crew. : 

The next day he went back with a rifle and discovered that the grizzly 
had been feeding off another bear which Larsen had shot the weck before. At 
ths time he shot he did not know that he had hit the bear, but the grizzly 
had it about half consumed. Aside from a scratched foot, a lost shoe, and 2 
bad scare, Larsen suffcred no damages. 


No_ Smoking Rule Adopted: Members of the Coeur d'Alene Timb er Protective 4scam 
ciation are now using a sign which announces boldly that smoking 15 prokiaa 
on their operations between June 1 and Septanbor 15. This move is an indica- 
tion that the lumbermen are not satisficd with the paticnt persuasive policy 
and are now proceeding to try a more drastic remsdy- 


DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTAICT 


Forest ground. 


Swamp Drainags Opposed: A decided agitation is under way against the drainage 
of waste swamp lands along the course of the Mississippi 3iver and other 


streams. The Isaak Walton League, which has become very s trong ge the a 
West, is taking the lead but the various State Forestry organizations aro gete- 


ting bchind it ard it is beginning to look as though a material impetus vie 
be given to a ovement to establish forests along not only the Mississippi bul 
other prominent watercourses. 
Some of the communities in middle and northern Minnesota are reluctan 
ly admitting they have accomplished nothing by draining their swamp lands and 
lakes to makes way for agriculture, and a serious mistake was made in cutting 


timbor along the laks shores b2cause of the bad effect upon the tourist busi—” 


ness. However, they aro not ready to admit yet that ground firos are injuriq~ 
ous cven to farming lands. 


-_— ——_——— 


The Lookout Was On the Job: On September 15 two woodsmen employed on the War- 


- ren-Lamb Lumber Company's Slat: Creek sale on the Black Hills sat down against 


a brush pile to cat lunch. Their usual dessert is a cigarette. When one of 
them startcd to light up, the match broke and the head flew into the brush 


pilc, setting it afire. They decidcd to let the pile burn rather than try to. 


put it out, and watched it until it was consumed and then went back to their 
work thinking no more about the matter. 
Zighteen miles away, as the crow flies, Forest Guard Frank Tower was 


shingling the new lookout station and at the same timo keeping his weather cy@ 


on the landscape. He spottcd the thin wisp of smoke, and his report came in” 
at 12.20 (" small fire near the head of the Slate Crcek sale.") A Forest of- 
ficer was dispatchsd to the scene and he picked up the company’s wood's super 
intondent and crew foroman. The three m2n spent the groater part of the aiter 
noon looking for the fire but without avail. Finally th2 cause of their wild 
goose chasse came to light. Now the company has issued instructions to its om 
ployees, "No smoking in the woods outside of camp for the remainder of the fir 
scason."--G.A.D. 


Sance was made on the Sitgreaves Forest. At that tim: the scsdlings from the 
1913 sced crop were just b2ginning to show up in abundance. In August, 1923, 
the writer made a check reconnaissance of about four typical scctions to 


aT 


a 


DISTRICT 3 (Concluded) . 


determine the loss in Carrying capacity on account of reproduction. The re- 
sults of this chock reconnaissance show a loss on one Allotment in the Yellow 
Pine type of from 10 to 15 per cent and on another ‘allotment of from 30 to 50 
mer cent. This loss in grazing capacity is not die entire ly to loss in density 
‘or surface covered, but to loss in vitality of the forage species. In other 
words, the compstition between the seedlings and forage .spccies has resulted 
ina ore atly decreased production of leafy growth. Observations show that 
where reproduction is in dens2 stands thers is a gradual loss in density until 
the reproduction reaches approximately three feet in height. After the repro- 
duction reaches this height practically no forage survives underneath it, duc 
to compstition, and necdles. On2 interesting thing to note is where repro- 
duction occurs in these dense stands over large arsas there is littl: or no evi- 
dence of damage by sheep grazing, although the arcas have been heavily grazed 
by this class of stock for years. Apparently reproduction in such cases will 
tak: carc of itself and eliminate sheep grazing.--P.H.R. 


Turpentine for Salz: There appeared in the Albuquerque Morning Journal of the 
September 13th issuc a "Notice of Sale of Turpentine Rights." This notice 
statcs that contract of 180 ,000 cups, to be placed during a ‘period of seven 
years at a minimum price of "830 . O00 per thousand cups per szason is being of- 
fered on 6,500 acres on the Sitgreaves National Forest. 

This is the first time in thé history of District 3 that such a notice 
has appeared. In addition to the appearance in the local papers, advertisem2nt 
will be placed in the Southsrn Lumberman and in the Naval Stores 3eviecw. 

This office has prepared a prospectus giving information regarding this, 
and if any Supervisor is interested, we will be glad to send such copics as he 
can use. 


DISTRICT 4 - - INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 
Watershed Protection: Ths benefits of watershed protection are very eee 


Shown in ths canyons around Salt Lake City, which have recently been visited 
by Forest Zxaminz2r P. S. Baker, in company with Professor J. H. Paul of the 
University of Utah. Perhaps the most striking single instance, particularly 

in connection with the recent floods of northern Utah, is the case of City Creek 
vanyon. On the night of August 13 - the date of the Farmington Flood ~ approx- 
imately the sam: amount of rain fell in the city of Farmington, Salt Lake City, 
and at the station maintained w2ll up in City Creek Canyon. Farmington Canyon 
had a disastrous flood - City Creck rose about .5 of a foot. The difference 
not hard to see. Through all the unprotected region, of which Farmington Can- 
yon 1s a part, the ridges ars bars ontop. At th3 head of City Creek Canyon a 
thick growth of sagebrush and snowberry runs clear up on the tops of the 
divides, otherwisc no difference can be seen. 

"on August 2, a heavy rain fell in Salt Lak2, especially in the region 
between City Creok and Imigration Canyons. Great streams of water issucd from 
the dry hills adjacent to the north bench, and brought rocks as large as a foot 
in diamstsr down into the residential portion of Salt Lake City. Gutters were 
flooded and strect car service was paralyzed in the northeastern portion of the 
city. City Creek Canyon and Red Butte Canyon, both well protected, carried 
icss water than any of the down town gutters. The lesson is very obvious. 


champion Wolf Huntcr on Caribou: Adrian 2mpey, Rider for the Fall Creek Basin 

allotment, holds our best record as a wolf hunter. During a period of 10 days 

he killed 13 gray wolves. There are still some of the pack ee and thay have 
bcen working on both sheep and cattlc,--Cariboue 


DISTRICT 5 ~ CALIFORNIA DISTATOT 


Winged Letters: A large envelope of official mail, addressed to the Forester at 
Washington, D. ¢., left San Francisco by airplane at 5.28 a. m., August 24, and 
reach3d New York the following day at 11.17 a. m It is presumed that it was- 
dclivered in Washington that afternoon. This coast to coast record of 26 hours 
and 49 minutes for 2,680 miles is bolisved to constitute a record for Forest 


Service mail delivery. 


ey 


—— 


DISTRICT 5 (Concluded) ~ 


Dorts Lose Homs_ in Berkeley Firs: Word from the Berkeley, California, fire of 
September 18 states that J. C. Dort, Assistant District Engineer of D-5, lost 
everything in the fire except the clothes he had on at the tims. The Dorts hag 
just purchased this new home in Berkeley and had furnished it completely, ex- 
pecting to wake it their permansnt homes since the complstion of ths Alaskan 
Powsr Report and their reassignment to D-5. f 
Among those who also lost thsir homes was Professor imlford, known to 
many of the people in the Service. 


Redwoods Purchased for Park: The Supervisors of San llatso County have purchased 
a 3l0-acre tract of redwood timber nsar La Honda, to be preserved as a county 
park. The purchase price of $70,000 will be raised by a spscial*tax levy. Thi 
grove is one of the finest stands of virgin redwood left in San Mateo County, 


Ye Editor Tears His Hair: "We have several fingers in the Law Znforcement pic, — 
Last week we got the Ku Klux Kian for a camp fire violation. Aftsr an initia- 
tion they neglected to properly cxtinguish their camp fire. One quarter of an ~ 
acrs burned, the organizer of the Klan assumed the responsibility for the firs 
and paid $50. The Klan patrolled the fire and apparently have assimilated a 
good lesson."--Sierra. 

Ye gods! ‘They kept a peppy item like this, that would have bsen eaten 
up by every editor in the country, a dead secrst until it was no longer news!!! 
Oa, O14 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Yes, We Have No Bananas: The Portland Oregonian Radio Service held a harmonica 
contest during July. Ranger Wiesendanger of the Oregon Forest being something 
of an artist along that lins entered the ring. In the first concert test he . 
Played six selections. Hach in turn was announced as being playsd by Forest 


Ranger Wiesendanger of Eagle Creek with the following titles; 


lst selection - "Prevention Forest Firss - It Pays." 
_ end i" - ‘Leaves a Clean Camp." 
ord 4 - "Braak That Match in Two." 


These qualified him for the final heats, during which Albert gavo the 
three following pieces: 


4th solection - "If You Leavs a Clean Camp and Put Out Your Fire, It 
will be the 3nd of a Perfect Day." 

oth selection - "Clean the Ground Around Your Fir:." 

6th a - "Be a Woodsman and Never Leave a Fire Burning." 


Albsrt won the medal in the final contest! 


Tourist Travel: Chas. D. Sult, who is in charge of the Jooperative Federal and 
State registration station at fairholm, Lake Crescent, on the Olympic Forest, 
reports that up to and including July 29, 11,545 people had been registered. 
From July 1 to 29, inclusive, 7,069; and up to 6 Pp. me Jad Ty 29, 359 had been 


rsgistered for the day. 


Real Coopsration: The Weathsr Bureau predicted for D-6 hot, dry winds and cons@=" 
quent low humidity for the period Sept. 6-12. This warning was, of cours3, r3- 
layed to all Forests by the District Forester. On September 12 Assistant Dis- 
trict Forester Guthrie found the following insignificant wire to the station 
agent pasted in th: &. N. depot at Orovill:, Wash.: 
"Spokane, Sept. 6. 

_ Weather Bureau forecasts 3 to 4 days bad firs weather. Roadmaster 
extinguish all fires. Train and cnginemen keep careful watch. If necessary 
roadmaster should have heavy grades patrolled. (Signed) J.M.Doyle, Sept. ,&-ll.Ry- 


= Gan 


NRSC 


Ra THENT , 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 40. Washington, D. Ce wae October 8, 19235. 
poy) BCRETARY WALLACE VW WHITES. 10. GHARLIS WILLIAMS 


2 Readers of the August 27 issue of the S#iuVICe BULLSTIN will remember 
Supervisor Agee's article about Charlie Williams, a eleven-year-old boy 
who helped put out a forest fire. Secretary Wallace has written a lotter. 
of appreciation to the young fire fighter. Here's the letter: 


"My dear Charlie: 

I. have just been reading a report by Forest Supervisor Agee, 
in which he tells of how you noticed som3 smokes in the forest and reported 
it to the section crew, and how you insisted that thsy go and look after it. 
He says that when they finally, went to ths place whsre you saw thse smokes 
they found a fire. was gust getting under way in a fine young forest, and 
that they arrived just in time to put ths fire out. Supervisor Agee says 
that when he went over the next day you went with him and you found some 
stumps and fallen trees still smoldering, and that you were a great deal of 
help to him in covering thess smoldering trees so that there would be no 
danger of the firs breaking out again. He says that this fire was in a very 
bad place and that if it had not besn attsnded to promptly it would have 
burned a’great deal of valuable timber before it could have been controlled. 

"I am writing this letter to thank you on behalf of ths Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, which is charged by Uncle Sam with taking care of our 
forests. By discovering this fire and getting the people to go to it 
“promptly, you have rendered a very real peblic service, and you ars entitled 
to the thanks of the Government. If I were in your part of the country I 
would go to some troubls to find you and shaks hands with you and tell you 
this personally., Since I can not do this, I am doing the next best spies 
. telling it to you by lstter. 
"I am sending you a few bulletins in which I think you will be 
interested. 1, think you will especially like the one on birds, 

"Good luck to you, and if you ars ever pack here come and see 
Me. . ; : : 

Very sincarely, 

HENRY ¢ Go. WALLACH, 
Sei e Baty Wu 


‘MORE FOREST STATISTICS 202 THE FI SLD OFFICES 
By RV. Reynolds, Ege Tees 


} Those she deal with forest statistics will be interested to note that 
under the agreement concluded September 27 between the Bureau of the Census 
and the. forest Service the former bureau will ‘undertakes to canvass the follow- 

ing subjects as a part of the Census of Manufactures for 1923; 


_Production Consumption Purchass 
Lumber, lath, and shingles Pulpwood Railway ties 
Wood pulp Mine timbers Poiss 
Cooperage stock Distillation wood 


Veneer logs 
Taming extract 
Dyestuffs 
gxcelsior 


This program is much more extensive than anything which has been unde 
taken in the line of forest statistics since 1911. In connection with the 
census of fuelwood produced and consumed on farms and the consumption of wood — 
in fencing, which will be carrisd by the Bureau of Agriculturai Zconomics, 
thess projects cover approximatsly 94 per cent of the entire wood removed 4 
annually from thse forests of th2 United States. 

Steps have been taken to provide all.the field offices of the Forest 
Service with the bulletins of the Census on forest products as soon as they 
are published, the distribution being as follows; 


Zach ; fotal 
National Yorests 1 154 
Western District offices 25 175 
Laboratory od 25 25 
uxperiment stations (8) rk 4u 


Those bulletins arising from tha canvass of ea namely, the lumber | 
and the pulpwood bulletins, are said to be practically ready for distribution. 
The tabulations of the 1922 lumber bulletin have been closed. 


ey "OV SNPUAL LY way EY Nov X wowe 
_(Roprintea from "The ¥our L. Bulletin, " aca eae 20, 1923.) 


Advertising is now the dominant Art. of eotatnay? and time has come for 
both logger and Llumberman to geet out of fog and blow their horns. 

‘Ginger ale, cough drops, soll ars, open plumbing, and vegetable ‘compo nd 
are proclaimed from billboards, newspapers, and magazines; smoke writer in sky 
says "toast your cigaret"; bathing girl oo ee ories "Use More Fortlani 
Cement. for Building." 

Why not. start a drive on Logs, me and aRinakes? These commodities 
are fully as important as extail soup, and silk stockings. If experts, slogan- 
eers, and bunk artists can put pep into castor-oil ang near beer, they can | 
make forest products things’ of joy forever. 

This column. is willing to start the ball soViding with a few pert suge 
gestions free of charge; 

Why not "Hemlock as You Gof’. What's the matter with "The Shingle You 
Love to Touch?" Or with "My Mamma Uses Douglas Fir?" 

Why not have a fat man pointing his finger from signboard with "You 
Te11 the World, Kid, Them Cedar is Fine!" 

"Fill Your Old Jimmy Stove with Our He-Man Tamarac," would be jake in 
the Sat. 3ve. Post, and a full-page space in Good Housekeeping could say, 
"here Ain't No Blisters on our White Pino." ae 

If Art like this is applied to the lumber business the possibilities 
are unlimited, Think of the sentiment in "Say it ‘Yith Seattle Sawdust." - 

By-products of Pugat Sound mills could be sold with "Gur Teredos, Thay- 
Float ~ 99.4 per-cent Pure." 

Agitate to-day; the lumber industry needs an advertising campaign. 


THE WILD HORS% PRUBLIM 
By Will C. Barnes, Washington 


The question of wild horses, most of which are unclaimed by permittees 
or others, is troubling a large number of our western Supervisors. The Wash- 
ington office is frequently asked what is being done in the various Districts ~ 


p= 


2A2 iL) By ie Ee GZ. (Concluded; 
toward solving this problem. Tha Supervisor of the Wasatch sorest seems to 
have hit upon a plan which offers a very satisfactory method of getting rid 
of some of the wild horses ee ae his range. He writes as follows: 


"All of the permittees and Ae of ths possible owners of horse brands 
in the vicinity of Vernon Division were persuaded to waive their right to their 
brand on any horses found on the Vernon Division or vicinity during a certain 
permitd of ths year. This right was waived to.the cattle association. ‘The © 

sociation levied an assessment of tan cents per heed of cattle srazed on 
this division, and then under the supervision of ti3 rangsr employed men to 
hunt the horses, 

"Last year 136 were “shot in four days, anc tis year 53 were shot in 
the same period. 

"Our greatest difficulty was incurr3d in securing the signa ture of 
brand ownars. ‘Va found they were. unwilling to sign until they found that the 
work would be done under the supervision of thea Fores t Service and would not 
be entrusted to the advisory board alone." 


While in the West last summer i discussed this question of wild horses 
with a number of stockmen on thse Southwestern Ferests. tne of then gave me a 
suggestion which he believed his association would be scneo a to try out under 
a pian which he outlined about as follows: 

The association would oe an assessment under a special rule which 
| would raise a fair sized fund. Then the stocknen would all throw in with what 
| other help they could secure, raund up as many of the wild horses as they 
| could, hold them in pasture until sold under ths State law. In the State in 
question this maans advertising the horses for ten days, after which they are 
sold by the livestock sanitary board at public auction. The association would 
buy in the horses in all cases where other bids were not made, the animals so 
| purchased by the association to ba Killed or disposed of in any way that seemed. 
advisable as long as they were not to bs turasd loose again. Ia this way the 
stockman thought they could get rid of some of tha wild horses at a very low 
cost to the association, possibly aone at all; The expenses,for ‘rounding up 
P holding would natural Ly be paid to the associat ion out of the gross pro- 

eeds of ths sale. 

Zither of these plans offers a fairly good mathcd for handling tha wild 
horsgs and are passed along to tha Supervisors interested for their informa- 
tion. 


SOM3_ OBS! S2VATIONS _ON Dis) “Al SPI STTUATION 
By Austin Cary, Washington 


Service mon reading the forastry discussions of the day, although these 
are Simmering down into lines much more consistent and harmonious than were, 
characteristic a few years ago, can still get all kinds of impressions. By one 
writer the office of government is magnified; private init tiative, the econom- 
ic solution, ty another. We hear on the one hand that this country is cutting 
timber several times as fast as it is growing; again, enormous producing power 
of some regions is cited.. 

Balance seems to be needed here - recognition of what has been actually 
dona, this given its due weight and ths encouragement teken which justly 
arises from it; but with that men should not kid themselves or one another, 
howaver. All really uplifting forcss that can be actually got to work are 
probably none too much to mest the need of the country. . 

This is prompted by Col. Greelay's "Forest Problem of our United States, 
in the Service Bulletin for September 24, coming on top of recent experience 
ofa stimulating kind. In that article a late visit to Maine and Massachu- 
setts is referred to. The visit was made in part in company with a group of 
Southerners, during which I freshsned up on the-state of affairs in the New 
Snglaad daods. and of feeling among Now Ingland people ia relation to this 
iaterest of theirs. The impression gathered was a very sncouraging one, the 
sam3 that has been gained ian previous years; but more so. 

The northsra pulp and paper industry has perhaps received all the credit 
to which it is vatitled. This item will cover developments in the pine region 
of central Now Tagland. 

bis 


“ 


SOMZ OBSURVATICNS ON THS WAsSTRY SITUATION (Conciuded) 


With the war, prices for the products of the woods went up to levels un- 
known before and, sxcept for a short aip, they have not come down again. This, 
then, is the inferonts that well-informed men have now drawn; they think pres- 
snt pricss more than repay the cost of growing tha timber in favorable condi- 
tions; in fact, that there is a handsome profit in it. They see clearly that 
had thsy foressen present conditions thay could have mads themselves wealthy by — 
-appropriats measures taksn 10, 20, or 40 ysars ago - acquisition, frasing, plant- 

ing, etc. furthsr, being m2n who act on conviction, i ars now going into it, 

The most striking example I found was.a business man at Winchendon, Masse, 
who said he looked over this matter 20 yaars ago and concluded thsn that timb ar-— 
growing was a good proposition. That settled in mind, he used his lands well 
with a visw to growth; also, up to date he has planted 2,50) acres. In his own 
line of mamufacture he has little confidencs becauss of multiplying substitutes. 
His growing timber, however, he feels sure of; timber and water power, in fact, 
are the two things in which he is ready to invest money. And this assurance of 
valus he has - that the Boston & Maine Railway last spring paid him $5,000 for 
burning up 49 acres of planted white pine 16 years out, and werg very nice about 
it, too, after they made inquirias. 

Ssvsral other business concerns havs done more or lass of the same thing; 
others still ars starting in to do it with enthusiasm and confidence. Further, 
technical measurss - cleanings, thinnings, cutting for raproduction, etc. = arg 
bsing practiced on somsthing of a scale, purely as a matter of business, ba- 
caus3 men see that they pay richly. The man who doesn't is simply siow; in tims 
his financial condition is going to show it. ; 
- So much to the credit of the economic force referred to at the beginning, 
Soms of us are and haves bsen inclined to think this will be tha major one as we 
build up forest production. Yet-public action is in svidence in the region, 
too. The developments mentioned above doubtless would not be in evidencs to-day 
unless fire protection had preceded. Than one Stata, Massachusetts, as is well- 
known, iS moving strongly for acquisition of public forests. The state of reg- 
ulatory legislation may be mentioned, too. It is not absent, but plays a small 
part as yst. Those States, as -wida-awake and progressive as any, are going 
cautiously with it, only as they sse their way clearly. (\hathor or not they 
arg wise in this is, of course, a matter that might be debated, 


WOOD FULP FROM CANADA 
Canada has just fired a shot that may exdedite tha utilization of Amer- 
ican cut-over waste lands on forestry lines. ‘The authorized embargo on the -3X= 
portation of pulpwood from Canada, even that grown on privates lands, has thrown 
eastern paper manufacturers into a panic. The Alaskan forests are capable of 
supplying pulp for one-third of all the newsprint -paper now used in the United 
Statas whilst maintaining the integrity of the forests....What kind of a rotten — 
national housskseper Uncle Sam has been in the past - and I'm not saying that 
he could possibly have been any better - is illustrated by this pulpyood humil- 
iation. Although we have 81,000,U00 ‘acres of denuded lands, and about 200,000, 
000 neglected acres that are regrowing trees ina more or: less shabby way, we 
haves to go begging to Canada for pulpwood for our papers and magazings,...This 
. and ths next generation have as big, as necassary and as romantica job in re- 
storing the Anérican forest of our forefathsrs as the last two had in dastroy- 
ing it.--Sunsst Magazine. x 


Aw Li PAULL DAAND slit t Nitti ay 


Yas, Wa Have No Statistics 


| (Affectionately dedicated to the Branch of Research) 


Yes, we have no statistics’ 

Wa have no statistics to-day; 

We havs thsories and guesses 

That 1sad on to messes 

Which turn'all our hairs toe gray. 
We have soms bum calculations, 

And som3 good hallucinations; 

But yes, wa have no statistics, 

We have no statistics to-day!---M-H. 


ae 


WASHINGTUN NOTES 


| Distinguished British Forester Jntertained | by Society of American Foresters: 
| General Lord Lovat of Sneland was the guest of the Washington Section of ths 
| Society of American Foresters at a dinner given at the TYosmos Club in Washing- 
| ton on September 28. General Lovat was in general command of the British and 
| American forestry troops in France during the war and is a friend of Col. 
| Greelsy. During his stay in Washington General Lovat called on Secretary 
| Wallace, who preseated him to President Coolidge. 

At the dinner given in his honor General Lovat paid a generous tribute 
} to Col. Greeley and the men and officers of the American forestry troops, Ths 
| whole job of securing timber in france, the General stated, was a splendid il- 
| lustration of close cooperation by two Snglish-spsaking peoples. 

"The sacrifice of fully 65 ‘por cent of our growing timber in England," 
he said, 'tin order to furnish the’ necessary lumber for defensive purposes 
taught the people of Ingland a lesson they will never forget. In addition to 
reforesting the land so cut over we have started in on a program of purchasing 
lands for reforestation vurposes which will, we hops, give us not less than 
590,000 acres of nationally-ownsd timber, a small area compared to the huge 
forests you have here in America, nee Leas a reasonable acreage based upon 
-our wholes area." 

. Bscauss of the breaking up of many ee estates, General tavat said — 

the British forestry commission has baen able to purchase theses lands at prices 

| far below their value before the war. Lord Lovat also mantioned the recent 
conferance of representative foresters from each of the political divisions of 

the British 3xpire, throug *-h which he felt the needs of tha 3mpire as a whole 
would be safeguarded in ae future through clos9 cooperation with 211 thse Brit- 
ish coloniss. - 


David _G. Whita _Joins _Hardwood Manufacturers" aati enta: David G. White, for. 

ten years a member of the Servics, seven of which were spent in research work 
at the Laboratory, has been appointed as Forest 3conomist of the Hardwood 
Mamufacturers’ Institute. This organization plans to carry forward additional 
constructive work dealing with the economics of the lumber industry and a na- 
tional forsst policy, especially relating to reforestation, forest protection, 
and the application of the corract pre ee of forest taxation. 


FURSST ac PaaS STA? 


2IUNS 


_A Good Booklet to Read: All members of the Forest Services who are interested 
_ia shesp or who arg interested in securing wsstern yellow pine reproduction 
_ should secure a copy of Department Bulletin 1105, “The Natural Reproduction 
of Western Yellow Pine in the Southwest,'' by G. A. Pearson. In this are given 
the results of numerous studies carried on.at the Fort Walley Forest Zxperi- 
ment Station during ths past ten years. Ilr. Pearson shows that one of the. 
principal reasons why yellow pins reproduction is not found throughout the 
Coconino plateau is the excessive damage both to the new germination and the 
establishsd seedlings by sheep. 
pid It is quite possible that many ranger districts have severe grazing 
damags, but, becauss the damage is not recognized, no damage from grazing is 
“reported. The piates in the bulletin will help you to recognizs this injury 
when you sae - it. 
Fira! Those who are interested in the relation of fire to weather conditions 
should read two:articles in the Monthly Weather Review for April. .One of them, 
by 2. # McCarthy of the Appalachian Forest 2periment Station, shows how the 
data collected regularly by the eather Bureau can be used in connection with 
the study of fires. The other article is by S. B. Show and. 3. I. Kotok of 
District 5, who have completed a study of lightning storms and fire. Lightning 
zones for the Forests of California are shattr on a map, and the area covered 
“by some typical storms shows how closely lightning storms follow definite 
paths. Both of these papers have been reprinted as separates and are availa- 
ble for those who desire then, “aie District Librarians have copies.of tham if 
the Supervisors do not. 


= es 


DISTRICT 1 - NURTHSRN DISTAL Cu 


Why Is @ Guard? Zudowed with a tittle authority and much resporsibility, he 
stands or falls low ia the scale of tities. His authority is absorbed by as-— 
sotiation with thoss who have a surplus and is seldom exercised; his raspon- q 
Siility is eahmredl by others when redsemed; when not redeemed he is the rea= 
eon. Hired to-day and "fired" tomorrow, he is termed a temporary appointee - 
whose promotion wovld be a miracle and whose demotion is an impossibilitye._ 
igs & Ghirking to plug the cracks in an emergency organization, he is indis-. 
e. As a cigarette artist and planning architect he is a dud. 
The first Guard was a young Irishman. Captured. in the wilds of the 
Lewis & Clark Forest Reserve, he was shanghaied into a job without examination 
Or evpointment. BZquipped with a bresue surpassed only by his trawn, he had a 
keon intollect that grasped directions as givan. There have been many Guards | 
since Fat but none better. His job was on a tywo-mila fire line, to the north 
of which was a timbered Forest - to the south of it a raging August fire. The 
toress and He fire joined except for the. fire line between them. 

Pat's directions wera "Hold that fire off the Forest till it rains." 
In ‘three weeks it rained - the line ‘had become a much used trail on the north 
Side of which there was mvch evidence of Pat_on the job where fire had crept 
bsneath the turf and come to the surface on ths wrong side. Pat, tha Guard, 
was fired and forgotten; the fire to the south of his line had swept southward 
for miles vachscked by a crew of "fire-fighters." 

When tha gronad had cooled sad the smcke cleared away, three wise mon 
Game out of the Yast with soft hands and a camera. The burned area was in- 
Spacted, photographed ani rsported until it Lecame the wise men's fire. - There 
was nothing to revort on Pat’s side of the Line since nothing had been changed, 
‘ Thus the raal human element in the case seemed lost in the shuffle and 
there were no pictures of "a Guard on the job," or of Pat's Paul Revere trips 
for supplies while ranning his own commissary or the isolation of camping on © 
the job till it rained. ’ 

The First Guard made good. May he and his kine 


pie 4 


be ever with us.-=- 
Jo B. Ssely. 


Blister ts Control : at Experiment Station: An experimental Ribes eradication 
project has just baen completed at the Priest River sxperiment Station embrac- 
ing nearly 2,000 acres or practically one-half the area of tha experimental — 
forest. The work was done by the Uffice of Blister Rust Control with a crew 
of 20 men. One of the objects was to determine the cost end efficacy of erad- 
ication measur3s for the western white pine type of northern idaho... RHibes 
lacustre, 3ibes viscossissimum and Grossularia Inermis ware the chief species 
of currants and gooseberries ancountered. White pine blister rust now occurs 
only 100 miles north of the Idaho boundary, and forest officers who recently 
visited British Columbia state that there is every chance of the blister rust 
appearing in Idaho within the next five years. 


4 


Se AU UY MOWING LN —— 


Sportsmen to Cooperata with State Game a epee tment: Governor Sweet of Colorado, 
in cooperation with the State Game and Fish Commission, has called a conference 
of representative sportsmen of the State for October il. Invitations to the 
conference and a dinner will be issued by ths Governor. . The purpose of the 
conference will be to discuss the fishing conditions Bee needs of Colorado and 


will probably result in the appointm2at of an advisory board of sportsmen which © 
will concur with the Game Dapartment regularly on matters relating to the fish- 


ing resources aud needs. Tie" forsst Service and the State Game and Fish Pro- 
tective Association have been assembling some valuable material for presenta- 
tion: to this mgeting. n 


cpotetiell Posters for Hunting Season: The District tuffiece in cooperation with the 
Colorado Game’ & Fish Protective Association has got ont a very attractive post- 
er headed "Good Hunting," calling attsntion to how it is 4sstroyed by careless- 
ness with fire and ty poor sportsmanship. The pister alse calls attention to 
tha open season on deer and special provisions he law, The cost of the 
posters was paid by the GCeme and Fish Protective ation and the Forast 
Service is seeing that the bulk of them are posted at garages, hardware stores, 
and other places frequented by huaters. 


es 


Sia ae ae re ee oar ene ee ee 


for the Second Tims This Season the Shoshone National forest is suffering from 
severe rains and much damge to roads, particularly our new South Fork minor 
project. A ranger station was washed away in July and on September 27 the 
North Fork road to the Yellowstone Park was blocked by boulders and land- 
Slides and ths Supervisor marooned at Wapiti Lodge. 


DISTRIC? 3 _- SOUTHWASTBAN DISTRICT 
Apto Won't Follow Road While Driver Grests Girls: D. 0. man has experience 
that proves a pilot nseds both eyes in down grade travel. Descending Las 
Yuertas Canyon on the Manzano recently after riowing a road location the Dis- 
trict Zngineer mat some lady acauaintances on their way up to Sllis Ranch. 
During the bowing and courtesying the Government Dodge slipped over the bank, 
whereupon the entire assemblage spent the next two hours getting the vehicle 
back into the road. No damage was done to car or driver. 


Carried Out Objective After Leaving Service: Mr. William 3. Warner, former 
Deputy Supervisor on the Gila, resigned from the Service early this spring. 
Among the 1923 objectives wnich had been assigned to Warner were instructions 
ard lectures on forestry among Boy Scout organizations. The Gila Bulletin 
says that Warner is carrying out this part of his program even though engaged 
in an entirely different Line of work. 


D-3 Has Had Them All the Time: "Who,'' shouts the Sitgreaves Bulletin, "said a 
broken Statutory Ranger is something new?" 


ea 


DISTRICT 4 - INPSAVGCUNTAIN DISTALCT 


Who Says Plantine Doesn't Pay? When we ussd to do planting we were pretty skep- 
tical about the returns that would be received when it became time to sell our 
timper. Supervisor Farkinson is trying to engineer the first timber sale of 
planted trees in this District and is expecting to get about $3,000 per thou- 
sand stumpage. This is a fair enough return for anybody. % might be men- 
tioned in passing, however, that the trees are about the size of a lead pencil, 
and ars to be sold to a nursery company for ornamental purposes; these trees 
being part of the stock of trees left on the ground when the Cottonvyood Nurs- 
ery was abandoned.--F.S.B. ; 


Floods; At the time of the destructive floods on August 13 at Willard and 
Farmington, smalier floods took place down on the Manti, one in particular 
going down through Zphraim. The heavy rainfall hit upon the top where the ero- 
Sion areas are located, which are studied intensively by the Experiment Sta- 
tion mon. From 1916-19 when both erosion areas were equally grazed the run- 
off on area A averaged 7.35 times that on area B (because A is steeper and 
more deeply gullied}. But this year in this storm the run-off on A was only 
2.58 times that of B. In 1916-19, area A had a ,12 density of forage; now it 
has .55 - this and this alone nas made tha difference. There used to bo nearly 
9 times as much ssdiment washed from A as from B. On August 13 of this year 
only 35 times as much came down. Boost watershed protection on the high 

range - it works. 


—--— 


son and pretty near the close.of ths field season as well, and we expedt to 
see grazing msn and surveyors piling into the office pretty quick. We hope 
that everybody can look back over the summer season and see that they have ac- 
complished somgthing worth waile. The next job is to write about it all, so 
while it is storming get out the oil can and start lubricating the joints of 
the old Olivar. 


mee 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Giving the Bugs the Air: Entomologists have for some time been interested 
in determining whether or not tree-killing beetles could be completely elimi 
nated. from limited forest’ areas,. It has been difficult to locate limite a, 
iscleted areas where extermination could be under taken without excessive 
cost, in 1913 taree smell stands of pine on’the Santa Barbara were discovere 
by Entomologist dopping which seemed to present ideal conditions for this Wal 
These stands are lnown as the East Pinery, Figueroa and Zaca units, Within 
these areas 35 trees were killed by bugs in 1916, 34 in 1919, 23 in 1920, and 
79 in 1921. During February, -1922, entomological rangers treated all infeste 
trees that could be found, a total of 05. In February, 1923, another clean 
,was made, at which time: only 13 trees could be di scovered, Entomologist Mill 
has just completed a check of the area and. finds that the western pine beetl 
has been practically - exterminated in the East Pinery.. Two infested windfal 
were found on*the Figueroa unit and one 10" standing infested. tree on the Zac 
unit. Raneer Libeu is now inspecting the area every two or three weeks in © 
connection with fire patrol to locate any infested trees that may — show up, 
Two hundred dollars has been ailotted by the Forest Service to employ labor 
treating trees, and by a year from now the entire area should.be free from 
beeties, The timher is of value from @ recreational standp oint, and the ex- 
termination of the beetles within the area gives opportunity to ’ discover the 
length of fsight of these ougs, since the nearest stand from which the | area 
could be reinfested is several ‘miles away. ; 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Ranger Elected Sch hoo} Director: In a recent election held at Skykomish ont 
Snoqualmie Forest, : the. entire schooi district elected Ranger G. ‘E. Sawyer, 
school director for a three years' term,--F.BiK, 


Death Trap: While riding over a portion of the range on the Cougar Creek C é 
_#H allotment’. I was attracted by the stench of some dead animal Upon investi 
gation, I was led to-an old, deserted cabin upon some private Tend” within ? 
allotment. When 1 opened the door of the cabin, I found seven head of dead 
cattle and one still alive. There hed been a few sacks of salt. stored in the 
cabin; the door had been. shoved open by ‘the stock and the. cattle crowded in 
to get the sait. Wnaile crowding around. in wee cabin, they snoved ‘the door 
shut, thereby trapping themselves. ~ te fe 2 
Upon securing approval from the owner oe cabin was burned, ‘doing awe 
with both the Geac carcasses and the death trap, This is another loss of life 
caused by doors ope neds to the. inside. “eR H.H,, Whitman, , 


|. DISTRICT 7 - EASTERN. DISTRICT 


» Exomine ‘Tracts of Li Inraber es Forest Examiner C. E, Beaumont, Unaks, 
and party -have completed the examination of the N, B. McCar ty and The Caroll 
Lumber Company tracts in Terinessee and North Carolina, and are now ni an 
examination of the A, D, Reynolds tracts. 3 

.Forest Examiner A, C. Shaw and Examiner of apes C, F, Muzzey, left 
tnis week for Lynchovrg, Virginia, where they have oeen detailed for a six 


weeks! stay on the Natural Bridge Forest, 


Round-un Ends with Barbecue: The annual ten-day round-up on the Wichita Fores 
Closea September 10 with a barbécue furnished by the cattlemen for their 
families and friends. Two hundred and . fifty were in attendance. 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential) 


Wor. vere No, 41. °° Washington, D. C. October 15, 1923. 


ASVBRI SS OF A RECLASSIFISR 
By C. M. Cranger, D-e 
(Detailed to Personnel Classification Board) 


Down under the shadow of the Lincoln memorial in a temporary building 
erected during war time a battle is still going on = the battle with the 
questionnaires. They must have theught those of us who are detailed to the 
"P.C.B." - Personnel Classification Beard - are tough guys, for they put us 
in the last house on a tough street. The first house is the Navy Depart- 
ment, the next the War Department, and then the P.C.B. Since reclassifica- 
tion rumors haves not lately been seen as frequently in print, as usual it 
has occurred to me that a little news of the fracas might be welcome. 

Since early in July about 125 of us have bean trying to whip 120,000 
questionnaires. We finally won the first round and buried the papers, but 
we're not the menwe were. Nor is the war over, for they keep sneaking up 
on us from time to tims, and one can never tell when a iot of recruits will 
come drifting in to upset the works. 

We - the sixty-five or thereabouts classifiers (the rest are clerks) - 
have taken the questionnsires ard divided "em up into classes of occupations, 
such as file clerks, fish culturists, dam tenders, card punchers, pigeon ex- 
perts, forest rangers and so on, ad infinitum. Then we split each class into 
series, Such as senior file clerk, junior file clerk, etc. Then we set about 
to write a description of the duties and responsibilities of each series. 

It was right there that I found out how little I knew and how little a lot of 
other people knew about describing their own jobs or those of people with 
whose tasks they ought to be thoroughly familiar. Some of the job descrip- 
tions on the questionnaires were marvels of words without meaning. Some 
people took a page and a half to describe a job that others adequately pic- 
tured in a paragraph. One weary doctor described his own job briefly thus 
"Far too much"! 

Well, we finally built a set of job descriptions for every class of 
occupation in the field service and there are between 1,500 and 2,000 sepa- 
rate classes or series within classes. We found some queer jobs, too. One 
man goes about a Texas town putting minnows in rain barrels to eat up the 
yellow fever mosquitoes. Another trains pigeons for army flying. Ons woman 
in Switzerland counts stitches in embroidery for the Treasury Department so 
they may classify it for import valuation. There are tea tasters too, and 
alert persons who have to stand on the international bridge at 31 Paso and 
scrutinize incoming Mexicans for cootias} 

After ws got our class descriptions all fixed up the P.C.B. fixed 
tentative salary grades for each, rushed a sample lot through the Printing 
vffice and now the Departments and Bureaus here are busy trying to allocate 
each Tom, Dick, Harry, and Herrict to his or ner proper class so an estimate 
can be made of the total cost of reclassification which the Budget Bureau 
can turn over to Congress. Later the work will be polished up, allocations 
reviewed, and a final report made to Congress in December. 

It has been a mad rush against time, but withal I have been astonished 
at the uniformity in the work of the sixty-five classifiers in their class 


descriptions. I believe there will bé a fitting description for the job 
of every one of Uncle Sam's 120,000 field workers when the last "copy" goes | 
over to the Printing Office in November. 

What about salaries? That's the question all are asking. Wobody 
knows yet because Congress has to act, but judging by final ailocations in ~ 
the Washington offices a very fair salary readjustment is going to result, 

I say "readjustment" rather than "raise" for this reason; I have 
heard individuals say, "Vell, my allocation doesn't get me any raise." 
There seems to be a somewhat general impression that reclassification means 
a@ raise for everysody. That isn't true. This movement is designed to be 
a real analysis of tne Government service in order to find out just what 
classes of employment there are, what differences exist in pay rates for the 
Same job, what a class of work is worth, and an effort is being made to re- 
ward all work equitably and like work in like amount, with perhaps a differ- 
ential here and there in favor of expensive or undesirable living places 
like Alaska, or Guam, or China. for the great bulk of workers it will mean 
a decent raise, particularly for those who have been unfairly held down by 
the statutory roll. or some who heave been tlessed with more or less regula 
and generous promotions on the miscelianeous roll, or who have benefited by 
receiving the higher paid statutory places, the immediate raise may be slight 
or nothing. For the Forest Service, if the allocations for which the For- 
ester is working go through, there will be a salary readjustment that will 
at least give the boys something to buy sixteen-cent gasoline without giving 
up chicken on Sundays. One of the very best things about it all is the prac- 
tical assurance of doing away with everything like a deadly statutory roll, 
andthe provision for promotion opportunities within grades wi’hout waiting 
for some brother or sister worker to eat a toadstool by mistake and pass on. 


= See - ee ee ee ee 


GRAZING VS. TIVE SAL ADMINISTRATION 
By J. F. Copter, Haraey 


Mr. &. L. Perry, ir nis "Plea in Abatement of the Kid-Gloye Policy" 
which app2ared in the September 4 issue of the Service Bulletin, gave us much 
foo@ for thovgnt. tall ; : 

The "hay--wire'" sawmill outfit must comply with the same exacting con- 
tract conditions as the lar rca cutfit, and if he goes on the "rocks" nobody 
worries. In fact, many of us have predicted that he could make no money, but 
still ke buys on. He pave for the stuff before he gets it, so we are always 
sure of our money. He pilas ueee brush because we don't scale his logs until — 
it is piled. ‘The Ranger is vested with sufficient authority to handle tim- | 
ber sale administration on ins ground. Why can't he have equal authority in 
the administration of grazing? > 

The regulations require that an applicant secure a permit before plac-_ 
ing stock on the Forest, The permit is not issued until payment is made, but 
in the meantime the stock graze on the Forest. if *he permittee "blows up" 
during the season and turns his stock over to fas , vediters, the Forest Servam 
ice holds the sack, but if the permittee cortirues in business we generally 
get our money within @ year or two. Sbdout the oie recourse the Supervisor 
has is to write letters recuesting payment, "dun" the delixquent when he 
meets him, and finally refar the case to the District forester and let his 
office write some more letters The result has been that permittees are be- © 
ginning to regard ow letters es a matter of form and not anything that sho 
cause them ary coucarn. If we started prouring up the sawniil outfits the waj 
we ara trying +o bolster up grazing permitiees, they wovld soon find their 
legs too week to stand on, and imagine what our sales administration would ; 
be Like with a lot of propyed up operaters. Why should not the grazing per= 
mitjtees get the same treatment? Let them pay for the grass before the stock 
eat it and give the local office sufficient authority to enforce requirements — 
on the ground, 


kk F KOK 


Lumbering is the third largest industry in the country, enploying 
839,000 wage earners and carrying capital investment of more than three billit 
dollars, 


sais 


REALIZATION OF FIR3 DAMAG? AND P3250 AL PRID3 IN RORSST NSC S55 ARY 
TO PR3VSNT FIRSS 


a ee ee ee 


By H. N. Wheeler, D-2 


Fire prevention, recognized as. the first step in forestry, can only 
be brought about by a realization on the part of our citizens that fire is 
really damaging. The farmer in clearing land is under the misconception 
that fire is a benefit to him - but it actually causes serious loss. Broad- 
cast burning of land to be put under cultivation removes only such debris as 
could be plowed under or removed easily by other methods, while it does de- 
stroy the humus needed as fertilizer ard impoverishes the soil which other- 
wise might be productive, 

A Baudette, Minn., newspaper, about September 6, was elated over the 
fact that because of dry weather more than 5,000 acres were recently burned 
over and that one 80-acre tract was so cleanly burned that it could be plowed. 
Obviously, there were no stumps on the land or this broad statement could not 
be made. 

Throughout all of northern Minnesota there are thousands of acres of 
so-called waste land and even foresters’ refer to them as waste. Most of this 
land is waste only in so far as ‘agriculture is’ concerned, for young timber is 
| coming up in abundance. Some of it is so small as to pass unnoticed, but more 
| of it with young, fine trees showing above the brush. 
| Laws against starting fires help, but education of the people that 

fires are harmful and do no one any good is much more effective. Some coun- 
ties already admit they made a mistake’ in cutting timber along the lake 
shores, for tourists do not care to go to barren lake shores and the tourist 
industry is increasing amazingly in the former for2sted ar2as in northern 
Minnesota. It is further admitted, reluctantly by some, that lake and swamp 
drainages has not been OSES ES RE Ic If not beneficial, then it has been detri- 
montal,. sa 

A Norwegian farmer’ near Gass: Lake; Minn., says he receives a greater 
cash return from the wood products of his 150-acre farm than from 40 acres of 
cleared and highly cultivated tract. He is hantling his wooded area of dack 
pine as foresis in Norway are handled and expects to have timber to sell every 
year. Other farmers in that locality admit: that about all the cash they have 
had for living expenses tHe past ie years came from the sale of wood prod- 
ucts. 


If we can convince the people that fire destroys the tourist business, 
destroys the future production of timber, and, further, that all fire re- 
duces the value of the soil for Benes purposes we Taal Soon have no fires. 
Those who enjoy the beautiful outdoors and the lovers of wild life are con- 
vinced of the necessity of preventing fires, wut many of them are still very 
careless in the use of fire. And it is difficult to secure the help of per- 
Sons to prevent something they believe does them no harm or actually benefits 
them, even though it may be garmful in general. 

if a big fire were raging in Yellowstone, or one of the other well 
known National Parks, great consternation would be expressed in all the papers 
and the citizens as a whole would deplore it, When the local people take 
pride in the National forest they have learned to love, then they will take a 
keen and active interest in any harm that may come to that Forest and their 
interest will spread to other Wational Forests. 

The name of each individual Forest is a power in stirring up this local 
pride. Ina few Forests the name is so well known that it is in everyone's 
mind and the people are proud of the fact that they have the Forest near them, 
They use the name of that particular Forest in their advertising on all possi- 
ble occasions. In such cases the people are much more solicitous of the wel- 
fare of the Forest and can be depended upon to help in every possible manner 
to protect it. Such. love and regard may be likened to the pride taken in 
some prominent building of the city or, nation. 

It is up to us to arouse this personal pride in each Forest. The first 
step is to accuaint the public with what the Forest means to the local commu- 
nity. It is not enough that the comparatively few users, such as stock 
raicers and Lumbermen, realize the vaiue to then, but it is necessary that the 
whole public have a conception of it. That means the man in the street, the 
housewife, and, above all, the school children must have a conception of it. 
Just Stating that so many million acres of tirbvserlard are burned over cach 
year and that our supply of ‘timber is rapidly going is valuable in a general 
way but will not prevent fires. 


EEE eee 


WHAT IS 4 "BURNz" 
By ‘Frank ae Jeter sont, reseed no Léveve't i 


\— 


; “Doubtless avery reader of the Bulbetiin’ has Hoard the terms 14.99 — 
"1910 Burn," "29 Bunnag etc., repeated many’times, and very likely ‘has fre- 
quently used them. What do they mean? Hat sort of mental image do they 
create? Do thesé terms develop any thing like a true concept of conditions 
‘on the areas referred to? - 

The indiscriminate use of such terms without question develops inac-— 
curate ideas of conditions. To the average man a-"burn" is a "burn" for- 

ever. He doesn't appreciate that the "burn has probably restocked and is 

now a thrifty stand of young timber; neither is there anything in our state- 
ment to open his eyes to this fact. Is it any wonder that the view is held 
in some quarters that many National forests are practically devoid of a tim 
- ber stand? So long as we are handling Forest lands why don't we use terms 
which describe some definite forest condition 2nd which mean something to 
the people we talk to? When a burned-over tract commences to restock why 
continue to dann it by calling it a "burn?" 

Inves tigations on the Clearwater Forest oni cet that approxinat ely 
607 of its recent burns have restocked. Possibly 70 of similar burns on 
the Selway have restocked. Practically every mature stand of timber in Dis-— 
trict One occupies land which was at oné time burned over. What difference 
is there between any of these rastocked areas except the age of the stand? 
To be consistent we should describe a 150-year-old stand as "the ss burn," 
atc. 


Ve should have usage in this respect which ag eumatt dap ieee and 
which will create on a Forest true knowledge of age classes on Various units, 
We should have usage which creates an impression with the public that our 
“Forests contain something more than’ mature trees and barren wastes. Let's 
quit using the all inclusive term "burn" and start talking about our "1890 
"1912"' and "1920" "reproduction." 


The Forestry Department of Minnesota is planting 50,000 trees along 
the highways. In Indiana the Stat2 Forester has recently placed about ~ 
~$2,000,000 worth of walnut and hickory » trees in the odd places along the 

highways. 


~~ -—-— = = — 


During the last five years forest fires have swept about 56,000,000 
acres of wooded lands. These devastating fires are one reason for ths 
greatly increased cost of timber and its products. The majority of iin 
fires .are caused by carelessness and are therefore preventable. 


- - =F 


Revenues from the National Forests during the fiscal year anding 
June 30, °1923,- totaled $5,335,818. Most of the money received came from 
sales of matured timber’and from sales of grazing permits. 


. 


a ed 


fhe a. i. @u Pont de tenons & Company, Iac., has recently pub-_ 
lished a book “Principles and Practices of Upkeep Painting! This book 
appears to be very complete and thorough, and can be secured free from 
the company's office at Wilmington, Delaware. 


=4— 


WASHINGTON NUTS 
New Arrivals in Forest Tree Book Family: "Forest Trees of South Carolina" 
and "Forest Trees of Kentucky" are the youngest members of the forest tree 
guide book family to appear. Zach booklet contains descriptions of 70 spe- 
cies of forest trees, each illustrated with a cut. Several of the species. 
poser tp oo have not appeared in the sister books issued during 1925 by the 
States of Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and the . 
District of Columbia. 

These books represent an interest in forest trees by a wide variety 
of public organizations, including the State Department of Sducation of | 
Delaware, the State Department of Agriculture of Kentucky, the Division of 
Cooperative Agricultural Zxtension, College of Agriculture of South Carolina, 
the American Forestry Association, and the State Forestry Departments of 
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and,Tennessee. The public schools of 
Tennessee, North Carolina, Maryland, and Delaware have been provided with 
copies of their respective State booklets for use of the school children. 

Forest axaminer W. 3. Mattoon of the Washington office was the coop- 
erator for the Forest Service in the preparation of these State pamphlets. 
The publication of the booklets is due largely to the efforts of Mr. Mattoon. 
Most of the cuts illustrating the booklets are from orienaal duatinee by Mrs. 
A. 3, Hoyle of the Washington office, 


4 h Boost for’ "Lumber Cut" Bulletin 
STSELS & HIBBARD LUMB32 ©. 
Hardwood Lumber 
4300 North Hall & Buchanan Streets, 
Ste Louis. september 29, 1923. 


Mr. W. B. aS Lilo Chief Forest Service, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 


Dear Sir: 


I have received through the mail Bulletin 1119, subject "Lumber Cut 
of the United States, 1870 to 1920." LI. have read this pamphlet with a great 
deal of interest and wish to compliment Messrs. Reynolds and Pierson, the 
authors of this valuable information. 

I have never seen a Government Publication that was so well made up 
and gives one so good a view of lumber operations in our country from every 
possible angle. The written matter calling attention to decline of lumber 
production and its effect on consumption and on prices is wonderful and this 
information should be distributed and in the hands of most men connected with 
the lumber industry as well as the members of Congress. 

If any more pamphlets are issued on this subject by these Gentlemen 
of the Forest Servics I shall consider it a great favor if you send me same 
to this address. 

Yours truly, . 


Roland ®. Krebs, Vice-President. 


Oh, You Field Naturalists! In Dr. Nelson's memorandum to the Forester con- 
taining suggestions for the management of the Kaibab Game Refuge in the Kai- 
bab National Forest, he states - "When funds are available, the Biological 
Survey will detail a game expert to assist in the study of the deer on the 
Kaibab but observations made by the rangers day by day through the year, if 
properly diredted, will give a mass of valuable information." 

We need more information about the destruction by sheep of the nests 
of sage chickens, grouse, and ptarmigan. Won't the Rangers get busy? 


FOREST PRODUCTS Lav 3470 2¥ 


Turpentined Pine Samples from Francs: Bight cross sections of the trunks of 
French maritime pine trees, which had been turpentined, were recently re- 
ceived at the Laboratory. These wood sections were obtained through out 
State Department from the Mayor of. Ychoux, @ town in the heart of the mar i- 
time pine district of the. famous Landes in France. 

‘The cross sections ar3 taken from trees 80 to 85 years old, ‘and show a 
the efficiency. Of hhe French methods of turpentining which surpass those in 
practice hers. Ths grown over scars show that turpentining began when. the | 
trae. was. approximately 40 yaars old. and was continued during a period of 
approximatz2ly 45 years when the tree was cut at a diameter of possibly 20 
inches, A study of these discs is being made in connection with the Forest 
Service research on turpentining methods in the South. 


Firs Gains Fire re %xtinguisher N Notice for Laboratory: The Laboratory also had 
‘to break into print about the use of the chemical fire extinguisher, At 
three o"clock ona morning last week, a fire started at a destructive distilla- 
tion retort in the main building. Fortunately, the fire was heard by the 
night We Omi, who soon placed it under’ control with fire extinguishers. 
Approximately $50 worth of damage was done. This is no ag pro or Con, 
on th; chemical’ fire extinguisher discussion. 


for Wandering Forest Officers Also: Peripatetic forest officers should be in- 
‘terested in the suggestions recently made by the Laboratory concerning the 
packing of housshold goods for the U. S. Army. ‘These suggestions included 
changes in 2 memorandum preparad by the Army for the use of officers in the 


boxing and crating of household effects. 


NE I ef ieee 


Forest Mzasurements:; As we told you in the Service Bulletin of September 10, 
you will find forest sxperiment stations ramifying everywhere. One of our 
offshoots that is certainly a husky looking youngster has the key initials 
of M and answers to the roll when Porsst Measurements is called. ' Imagine, 
if you can, 4 room or two with a lone man surrounded by sight other workers 
(not men) busily engaged in punching the faces of numerous devices that click 
and clattar and eat up papar by the roll, desks covered with tables of 
growth, of yield, of pricas, of supplies of this and that. Such is the sec- 
tion commonly known as Computing, and to this section falls the task of work- 
ing up much of the field data on tree volume and growth taken at the forest 
expsriment stat lions, and making such other calculations as are n2cessary not 
alone for Research but also for other Branches of the Service. 

An analysis of tna projects handled in the Section for the past six 
months shows the diversified character of the work. About 25 per cent of the” 
‘time has béen devoted to a study of growth and yield of the southern pines 
&s a basis for forest minagement in the Southern States, the field data being 
gathered by the Southern forest Sxperiment Station: in cooperation W1 im the = 
forestry section of the National Research Council and several State forest 7 

partments. Wine per cent of the time was devoted to the study of southern — 
white csdar for the Appalachian Forest i3xperiment Station last spring. if 
Seventeen per cent of ‘ths time of this section, in the six months! period, — 
has b3en spent in th2 compilation of retail lumber prices for the Office of 
Forest Zconomics. This study, begun last year to secure data for the "Timber 
Crop Report," ‘has proved to be much larger than was expected at the time of i 
its initiation, 

Other work which the Section has handled included the Alaskan Water 
Power Survey, for ingineering; an analysis of the cost accounting system for 
Operation; the compilation of taxation data; checking the areas, volumes, and 
prices for Land Acquisition; and the tallying of. the Lumber Census. 

One other activity should be mentioned, which occupies 11 per cent of 
the time, is the mintenancs of the rest Service Statistical Atlas, which . 
Bele authentic and complete current inventory of the. activities of the 
whole Service capable of measurement, including. fences, cabins, salt logs, 
bridges, lookouts, and many other thines: Ca 


a ee pean nes ee eres ee ane onnneeern meats haem amet 


in the Big Hole Basin. Colonizing with dairymen is being advocated by 4 
committee of big ranch owners. 

On February 18th the Ranger on the Beaverhead was called on to fur- 
nish information to this committee on forest policies affecting this coloni- 
zation scheme. The committee was informed on free use privileges, S-22 salss 
policy and grazing’ policies affecting new beginners. After these subjects 
had been gone into quite fully, possible road development was discussed. 
Present school facilities and possibility of centralization of schools through 
improvement of existing and construction of new roads was given considerable 
attention. The colonization committee strongly advocates the improvement of 
the Wisdom to Gibbonsville Road, as this road will permit handling of food 
supplies raised in the Salmon Valley. The importance of the Park to Park oad 
| through the Big Hole Basin will be featured in advertisements issued by the 
| committee. 
If this colonization plan is carried through successfully, it probably 
means the passing to a large extent of the production of beef in the Big'Hole 
Valley. Plans contemplate the disposal of meadow éands in tracts of forty 
acre, eighty acre and larger units. : 


a ee se ee ee. 


it is useless to try and go‘any longer on cattle. They are making inquiry 
and urgent requests to have cattle ranges converted to sheep rangea at least 
for the time being. The plan is to buy old ewes and feed them on the prod- 
ucts of the ranch this winter and after running them one season on the sum- 
mer range to dispose of the entire bunch, including the lambs, in the fall. 
This offers a means of quick returns which seems to be the main necessity of 
the cattlemen at this time. 


a a a 


Man Who is Fined Praisés 3anger that Did It: Meager details of a fire story 
from a2 New Mexico forest indicate that the public admires the performance ef 
clear-cut duty. It seems that a fireman from a small city outside the forest 
while on a trip within the forest either left his camp fire wnextinguished or 
allowed it to escape. He had been a friend of the Ranger for many years, but 
the #anger handled the case in the usual way which resulted ina fine. Not 
only has the fireman commended the Ranger for doing his duty, but he has open- 
ly spoken words of praise concerning him and tharked him for the lesson he re- 
ceived. The fire captain's superior, the fire department chief, has written 
the Ranger a fine letter approving the outcome of things in which he states 
the action will make his captain a more valuable man in his department. In 
acknowledging the chief's letter Ranger —s—s— soassures him that it is not 
easy to proceed against a man one has known for more than twenty years, but 

he wants then to remember the ranger station latch string still hangs on the 
outside and urges both the chief and the captain when passing that way to 

Call in and see hin, 


Air Service Aids Fight Against Blister 3ust: The air service of the Army and 
the Department of Agriculture are cooperating in efforts to stop the inroads 
of the white pine blister rust, which has found its way into the forests of 
British Columbia and Washington and is now traveling southward. Col. Gil- 
more, air officer of the Ninth Corps Area, recently received a communication 
from Dr. a. P. Meincke, thanking him for having assigned Lieut. J. W. Benton 
of Crissy Field and a De Haviland observation plane to take #llsworth Bethel, 
eae of the B.P.I., ona flight over the forest area of the Northwest. 
is action enabled the Government to make in four hours a survey which would 
Otherwise have taken several weeks, and could not have been made with such 


ahs : \ 


LLL 


thoroughness by any other means of transportation. Dr. Meinecke states 
that the blister rust, if not: stopped, will reach the sugar pine areas of 
California and cause disastrous havoc. . Theiefforts of the Department are 
directed to finding a line extending across the mountains which can be used 
as a basis for an artificial barrier against’ the progress of the disease, 
by means of eradicating ‘currants and gooseberries plow this line, perhaps 
aided here and there by cutting down pines. 
, The disease, which’ constitutes. a veritable scourge of. the white pine 
as fores ts ‘of the Zast and ‘the Northvest, is a native of.the Ural Mountains. 
Over a hundred © years ‘az ° Zuropeans, who are always alert in seeking new 
kinds of tree and plant life, established large plantations. of white -pine’ 
trees from eastern dorth America, which are now. Sree ruined. ~ 


What is This the he Height o of? When a man who has had a fiend experience as 
Forest Guard in another District goes off and leaves his camp fire burning - 
what is the answer? “Yet this is just; what, happened on the Tahoe’ recently. 

“Possibly the’ memory of>thé %50 fine that he paid: will linger longer than did 


the teaching and training of his Forest Service experience. | 


Research Problem: Q. What made all the smoke at the Lytle Creek fire on the 
Angeles? — ' A. 256 cans Prince ‘Albert and Tuxedo, 12 sacks Durham and 
6 cans Znglish Curve cut. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 
Good Cooperation: At the uneeetien of the Cascade Forest, the District Of- 
fice took up with the District Manager of the Standard Oil Company in Port- 
land the privilege-of having posted in their filling stations‘at all Super- 
visors' headquarters in Oregon copies of the new Camp Fire Permit Cards. ~ 
Mr. We Le Mv tacy, the-managor, very kindly agreed and asked that sufficient 
copies (68 in ntmber) be sent him to be given. to all their branch stations 
with the Engosebandaus that thes? cards would not be necessarily kept up afte 
October l, ame 


Why_is a Fire ay bine Sxcerpt A ii a _ jangerts diary: | “Sunday, June 3, 
1923. While at dinner the house was discovered to be on fire and with the 
assistance of Mr. VY. and son, we soon put it out., The fire extinguisher, 
according to the dates recorded, hed not been charged for four years and re- 
fused to opérate. . The fire was evidently caused by 2 defective flue, as tha 
terra cotta is: cracked the entire length of the joist where it goes through 
_ the roof, Put in the Sfternoon repairing the roof." — 

And aebera att taat has been said about careless campers - {--A.0.\/. 


Wolative Pe migete. and_ Forest } Ri. eer This is the title of a 16-page pamphlet 
by Dr... Hofmann: and W. B. Osborne, Jr., issued in July and printed locally in 
cooperation with the Western restry and Conservation Association. An™ edi-» 
tion of 2,000 copies was printed and copies have been supplied to a large 
number of lumbermen and fire associations and to forest officers. 


He Will, All Right: A. OG. Lux of Seattle, while on the Sauk River 3. Rv, thre 
a: lighted cugaretce:- into the brush. Unfortunately, there were two Snoqualmie 
Forest officers on the train who saw him do it. lr. Lux admitted his guilt, 
paid $12.75 for his thoughtiessness, and wrote to the J. P. at Darrington; 
"Hereafter I will be more careful and 21so will caution my friends and Seam 
reduce the fire hazaird in our forests." 


in the Field: The following is from a Fremont 3anger's diary: "Picked up © 
. Lewis at Bly and arrived at Lakeview 12:45. Rev. Lewis offered to pay 
dey; but I told him to advocate fire prevention and forest conservation © 
he puipit and we would be square. He agreed to do so." 


-8- 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential) 


Vol. VII, No. 42, - Washington; D. 6. October 22, 1923, 


BRITISH FOREST2R VISITS CALIFORNIA 
By Paul G. Redington, District 5 


I had the great pleasure of a 4 days’ trip recently with 3. L. Robin- 
son, the technical momber of the British Forestry Commission, .with head- 
quarters at London, itngland. The British Forestry Commission was created 
by Act of Parliament 4 years ago, There aro eight members of the Commission; 
two of them are paid, namely, the Chairman, Major General Lord Lovat of In- 
vornessshire, Scotland, (I had the honor of meeting with him at Seattle re- 
cently when Col. Greeley and ho forgathered for ths first time since their 
association in France in 1918) and Mr. Robinson. An original authorization 
of 35 million pounds sterling - approximately $15,000,000 was voted the Com- 
Mission to expend over a period of 10 years for acquisition of forest land 
and reforestation work. As I understand it, the Commission cannot definitely 
count on the total amount but must work under such annual portions of the 
total as the country's financial condition will permit the Government to 
budget. ; 
The Commission is authorized to use the receipts which come in from 
ths sale of forest products, and this revenue amounts to about $125,000 annu- 
ally. Approximately 150,000 acres of land have been acquired by ths Commis- 
Sion at an average of $12 per acre. Twenty-eight thousand acres have been 
planted at a cost of approximately $40 por acre. Mr. Robinson hopes to get 
the cost down to $30. Construction of improvements at plantations (partic- 
ularly the fences to keep out rabbits and other destructive agents) has been 
very expensive. Last year 20 million seedlings ,were produced, and the nurs- 
eries are equipped to produce 35 million per year. The coniferous specias 
Planted are used in the following approximates percentages: 


Seoten and Corsican pine. .. > « « « » 40% 
Norway and Sitka spruces . ..-+» +++ +» 28% 
IRM Belt edi Goin Zumino oe hae Anas OO 
DOGMA OI ik Sutin! Pond ere mk we 


Planting of hardwoods is also done on a considerable scale. Mr. Robin- 
Son told me that Douglas fir grows very thriftily in Britain as does the red- 
wood (Sempervirens), Redwood, however, is not yet being planted on any large 
scale. 

In addition to the above activities the Commission handles the 60,000 
acres of Crown Forests. These forests were in places culled over during the 
war to supply wood material, The home production of timber products in Qne- 
land and Scotland is about 9 per cent of the consumption which, last year, 
approximated 45 billion feet. This is a decrease of 25 billion feet from pre- 
war consumption figures. 

AdDout 90 field men ars employed by tha Commission; of these 30 are 
highly trained technical foresters - the balance being analogous to our 3anger 
and Guard force, although I got ths impression that these men also received 
training in forestry practice at the expense of the Government, fire is not 
a serious problem in Zngland and Scotland. 


Every 95 years a British 2mpire Conference is held to consider forestry 
problems. The first conference was held in London - another in Canada this 
year. The next one is to be held in Australia 5 years hence. General Lord 
Lovat presided at th2 conference in Canada. 

Mir. Robinson and I visited the operations of the Union Lumber Company 
at fort Bragg, Calif.; were shown the mrsery established by that company in 
connection with its reforestation plans on cut-over redwood land. Douglas fir, 
Sitka spruce, and redwood are the species planted in greatest number. The seed- 
lings of the se species were growing most thriftily. It is hoped to produce 3 
million plants annually. We were shown through the mill which turns out 400,000 
B. Me of redwood lumber daily. Then we were taken into the woods, viewed an 
experimental plantation of conifers and hardwoods made two years ago; witnessed 
the logging of the hug2 redwood logs, and went through a virgin area of red- 
wood. 


The following day we drove by motor from San Francisco to the Tuolomne 
Hanger Station on the Stanislaus, where we had an 2njoyable visit with Dis- 
trict Ranger Kloppenburg. We then drove into the Yos2mite and after spending 
a few hours there procesded to the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees, where Ir. 
Robinson obtained his: first view ofa virgin stand of Sequoia Gigantea and an 
appreciation of ths great siza of the individuals. We drove through the logged. 
Over lands of the Madera Sugar Pine Company, where regeneration of the natural 
Specizs was abundant and reacucd the Supervisor's headquarters at Northfork, 
where we partook of Supervisor and Irs. BeneS3ict's well known: hospitality. 
Mr. tobinson was then driven Gown to Fresno to-catch his train. He was a most 
interesting traveling companion and more familiar with our species of trees, 
their range and their habits than many American HES UES It was good to get 
his viewpoint of our situation and problems aud to learn ‘at Haak! hand oe the 
progressive forestry work being dono by Great Britain. 


OLD CH3STNUTS FoR Naw - 
yo | BY We Be Mat coon, iS hue o. 

Experiments aimed at fi nite or Rep siti ee a pivantceddsdtant staal of 
chestnut are under way at Bell Station, midway between Washington and Baltimore 
The work on the orchard nut-tree phase is cooperative between the Offices of 
Forest Pathology and Horticulture, Bureau of Plant Industry. of the Department 
of Agriculture, and the forest timb sr phass Be the Offices of zatho 
and the Forest Service, 

Some of the trees which ars being aecaeae a. basis for the exper see 
are as follows: (1) CHINSS3 CHESTNUT (Castanea mollissima), a medium sized tree 
native of central China, with a nut somewhat larger than our sweet chestnut 
and nearly as palatable. It is somewhat resistant, but-subject to infection 
' and some trees have been killed primarily by the blight. Some of the trees of — 
this speciss at Bell have’made'a‘very good height growth, oxo 

(2) CHINSS3 TIMBSR CHISTMUT (U. vilmoriena or Henryi), a large :timber 
tree, native to central China which is being investigat2d with a view of find- 
ing a timber substitute for-our own. OSES SL: This species has not yet produced 
any nuts. 4 
(3) JAPANZSE CHESTNUT (C. crenata), mostly resistant to the blight, a 
small tree with large, attractive looking nuts, rather bitter to the taste frm 
their tamnic acid content. Not the most promising species for nut production. — 

(4) INDIAN OH3STNUT (C. diversifolia); a large evergreen tree native of% 
the tropical mountains of thé Bengal-Assam-Siam region. This is reported by 

Wood as a prolific bearer of’ sweet chestnuts. ? 

(5) OUR NATIVE CHINQUAPINS (J. pumila, and other species), small. trees, © 
bearing the well-known edible chinquadia nut. .Thsse species are slower to be- 
come infected than our native chestnut- Because-of.the development of new 
healthy shoots from below the ground lavel 2a bush will’ often continus to pro- 
duce nuts for a good many years in presence of ths blight: 

These species along with other named and unnamed species Prom fai are 
being kept in captivity and cross-bred in various ways as th2y come into fruit- 
ing. The officials have about given up experiments with the Japansse chestnut 
because of its bitter flavor ead ths greater promise of desirabl2 hybrids for 4 
nuts and timber from other spedies. Two small plantings of the Chinese ‘chest=— 
nut -(J. molissima) have ‘been made for timber purposés on the’ Natural Bricge 
National Forest, and two of the Indian evergreen chsstnut on the Plorida Wa- ~~ 
tional Forest. ‘ 


yada 


Over in Ghina there is an explorer of the Office of Foreign Seed anc 
Plant Introduction of the Department of Agriculture searching the Himalaya 
uplands for new species and varieties of chestnut and closely related genera 
for use in propagating stock for research in this country. It has been pos— 
sible to germinats only a swall per cent of the nuts from this region due to 
the length of time they are on the road, sometimes months before they reach 
the coast, 

A considerable number of chestnut seedlings of various species and hy- 
brids have been shipped by the Bureau of Plant Industry for testing as nut 
producing trees in various parts of this country. ‘Ths seedlings for regions 
outside of the blight area were distributed from the station at Chico, Calif. 


|. DSLINQUZNT GAZING FIRS . 


Fiscal Years 12921 and 1922 
By W. ©. Barnes, Washington 


A summing up of the total amount due the.Government for unpaid grazing 
fees for the fiscal years 1921 and 1922 shows that the amount while somewhat 
larger than we looked for is still less than 2 per cent of the total grazing 
receipts for the two years, which amounted to, $4,758,000. 

; By districts the number of permittess and the amounts are as follows: 


District Number of permittees | Amount 
1 66 $2,691.50 
2 248 it 12,688.08 
a 49 ° iv 55,282.11 
4 146 3 8,649.70 
5 13 | BO got 
6 148 2 Ss Sores 
7 peggy See ___ 480.94 
Total 2 7 DG $81,890.91 ° 


rr ee ne A A RS ER FS, 


SERVICES LIBRARY GWAINS 23,386 VOLUMES 


SS SS Se ee BS 


By 3. N. Munns, Washington 


Probably it will come as a surprise to most members of the field force 
to learn that the total number of books in tha Forest Service library numbers 
25,586, Six hundred and forty-six new books were added last year, while 444 
were discarded or returned to the main library of the Department, leaving a 
net increase of 202 over those in the files of. last year. In addition, the 
library keeps a file of 89 current periodicals which, with 83 sent over reg- 
ularly from the Department, are circulated among members of the Service. 
These, together with a large number of miscellansous periodicals receivad by 
the Service are gone over by the Librarian, and all articles on forestry and 
allied subjects are indexed for the card catalogue. Last ysar 2,916 books 
and articles were so indexed. How extensively the library is used is realized 
when 10,615 books and periodicals, nearly half the entire Library, were chargdd 
out last year, while 1,415 people consulted ths library in person. One hun- 
dred and fifty-one p2ople borrowed books direct, Therg are 161 field libra- 
ries to which 399 books were added durin™ ths year. The total number of books 
in the field Libraries now is 52,862. 

In the card catalogue there are some 1,600 specific subjsct headings 
besides several hundred prpper names of people, places, associations, etc., 
while a great many Scientific names of plants, insects, and trse diseases are 
also given specifically. Behind these topical headings are approximately . 
150,000 reference cards. Besides jaglish, the principal languages in the © 
Library collection are French, German, Italian, Spanish, 2ussian, Portuguese, 
| Swedish, Finnish, and Danish. There are also a few books in Greck, Polish,. 
Hungarian, and Japanese. Most of the requests coming to tha library are for 
_inforvation on forestry subjects, such as for bibliographies on certain 
phases’of forestry, special forestry articles, or material for preparing re- 
‘ports. Many of the questions can be answered quickly by consulting the cata- 
logue, while for general questions there are encyclopedias, dictionaries, and 
other reference books. 

wan Kew 


ie: Ve iW. “Grane xer 9 D-a 


(Temporarily detailed to Washington office) 
i 4 
Every now and then some Washington or District officer comes back from 


the field and in the Service er District committee meeting or among groups in i" 


the lobby tells of soma more or less serious reaction he has encountered 


among the men in the field. The complaint is that there are too many inc pa a 
tors so fisld men have to spend all their time showing the inspectors around; jy 


or there are too many inspectors and too much pressure from Operation so that 
all the field men hav3 time to do is to move fire tool boxes eround and grind 
the axes when they ovght to b2 up on the sheep range; or that they must spend 
all their time building roads and trails while the timber purchaser leaves 
high stumps and uapiled brush; and so on, 

Upon receipt of such tidings the more sasily alarmed among us ars apt 
to draw together and take counsel, asking each other; "Is the Service being 
disorganized? Is the old spirit gone or going? What shall we do about it?" 
And then perhaps some one of the higher-uvs who can do something about it, 
if necessary, buttonholes on: of the reactors and says, "What's this 1 hear 
about things going to pot?" Whereupon the rzactor says, "What do you msan, 
going to pot?" "Didn't you t211 Blank," asks the higher-up, "That your men 
were all sore and disgusted because there are so many inspectors running 
around that they can't dodge 'sm all?" Whereupon the reactor looks down his 
nose a minute, smiles a little smile and says: "I believe I did bawl a little 
when Blank was here about too many inspectors, but I didn't suppose hs would 
take it so ssriously. I do believe we could gat along with a few 1l3ss inspece 
tors and that those who come might well stay a little longer and see something 
of other lines of work than their own so they would comprehend our entire 
problem and realize we have more than one thing to do; but I don't think any 
great harm has been done and I certainly didn't intend to give the impression 
that we were about to go into the hands of a receiver." . 

Now ninaty-nins times out of a hundred thsse rumblings are merely stscam 
escaping out of a safety valve. Ranger Bill gets momentarily disgruntled be- 
cause they want him to do too many things at oncs and, like a good American, 
he cusses somebody out to whoevar happens to come aiong. But have you noticed 
that while he is cussine he is performing? Have you observed that while he is 
reacting he is also acting? Have you noticed that while we have been using 
our inherent right to kick about the super-pressure and super-inspection of 
the past few ysars, we have gone right ahead and greatly strengthened our fir” 
organization, cut down losses, elapsed time and costs, overhauled equipment, 
sold more timber, got sal2:s into better shap2, built management plans, laid out 
recreation areas and handled doubled tourist hordes, multiplied our publicity 
tenfold, built a flock of good (even if nine-foot) roads and trails, and put 
Over the most gigantic appraisal of range lands ever attempted and accomplished 
“in any man"s country? 
Whenever the day comes that there ara no "reactions" the Service will be 
ready for the liliss. It is because man of the Service think and care that 
they kick. The men of the Service are strongly individualistic. The character 
of the work, the responsibility handed out, the leadership, all tend strongly 
to attracting and developing individualism and independency of Led and 
Opinion, Whenever that individualism diss the Servics is a goner Individu- 
alists say so when things don't suit tem, Lut they don't lise care and quit 
after airing their views. And when a stale SORE kick comes along the men who 


can do something about it usuelly do something about it. Let's not worry about 


reactions as long as we get actions. 
THE D-6 DLD TIMIR SAYS: 


I jest got. back from the road camp whar I'm training fur ter be a:look- 
out fer the Forestry Service this. summer and now I'm all ready ter go ez I hev 
@ badge on my suspendets ana nice new canvas sack with "Forestry Service" 
gainted on ut, ana leetle book ter write down evrythin thet I do in. 

I figger thet I'm goin tar enjoy this here job uv findin work fer the 
other fellers ter do, 

The soupervisor splained all about this here lookout job an all I hev 
ter do is ter find the smokes an phone ter the button push an give him the read 
in an then fill out five diffrunt papers in triplicate tellin all erbout ut sical 
ez when did it start an when did I see ut an if not why not. d 
SAS. 5 


no 


’ 
.) 


y 


w 


An this hers button push ut seems he sets in frunt uv 4 put and take 
tellephone fixin an he hez a map that shows whar all the fellers aint on the 
forest by usin a brass head tack fer ter represent the road crews an 4 bone 
head tack fer ths guards an a ivory head tack fsr the rangers an a pin fer 
the soupervisors ana needl3 fer the deestrict orficers wher they come ter 
visit us an etc. ' A 

An ths boys hez thair Lizzies all honsd up an we hez decided that wa 
will hold down ths number uv abnormal fires ter ths minimm iffin it takes 
every dod rotted pencil in the supply dsopo.-- Ff. ¥.H. 


(no a i a ee RE 


ground of the South and Zast." 

Many well-known resorts ars either within or adjacent to the boundaries 
of thes: southern forests. Asheville, North Carolina, in the "Land of the ky," 
and the Natural Bridge of Virginia are two of the better-known places. The 
historic. Shenandoah Valley and the country between Atlanta, Georgia, and Knox- 
ville, Tannessse, also offer many dslightful recreational areas. 

The southsrn Appalachian Forests ware acquired undsr the Weeks Law for 
protecting watersheds of eastern rivers and now smbrace 1,500,000 acres with 
plans calling for purchasing an additional 4,000,090 acres. The recent es tab— 
lishment of the Allegheny Wational Forsst in Pennsylvania was a step in carry- 
ing out the purchase program. : 

District 7 can be counted upon to do a great deal in "sslling" the Appa- 
lachian Forests to the public during the next few ysars. Already many thousands 
of campers and hikers visit the Pisgah. forast sach ysar and the charms of these 
Southern mountainous regions ars becoming much bettzr known through the ast. 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


About Toothpicks: The principal wood ussd for the manufacture of, toothpicks is 
birch, although some maple is also employed. “ek 

The entire output is furnished by four or five large manufacturing plants 
located in Mainz, Ifichigan, and Minnesota. Statistics collected soma years ago 
showed that approximately 4,000,000 board feet of birch and 1,200,000 feet of 
maples wer: used, although possibly some of the maple was manufactured into matches, 

It is estimated that ons cord of wood will yield six or seven cases of 
picks. A case consists of 96 dozen boxes, each containing approximately 1,000 
picks. Figuring one cord of wood as equal to 500 board fest, the approximate 


annual production of toothpicks, based on the above figures, would be over six 
million dozen boxss. 


What Kird of Wood Is It? "During the month 135 wood specimens submitted from 45 
sources were identified," is a typical statement of part of the activities of 
the wood identification section of the Laboratory. Requests for such informa- 
tion coms from privats individuals as well as from large industrial firms, al- 
though not many have been recsived from the regions of the National Porests. 
Possibly the opportunity fdr this sort of assistance on wood problems is not so 
well recognized by regions remote from the Laboratory. However, it might be at 
times an opportunity for another Forest Servics contact if forest users could be 
refsrred to the Laboratory for h2lp in idsntifying wood. 


FOREST EXPURIMANT STATIONS 

In connection with the meetings of the Pacific Division of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science at Los Angeles, Lieutenant B. H. Wyatt 
explained his theory of long range forecasting. As a result of his studies he 
was abies thrse days in advancs to warn the astronomers collected in southern Cali- 
fornia to study the eclipss of thes cloudy weather which would be expsrienced. He 
has found that when the upper air is fifteen degrees warmer than below, the coast 
of southern California is in for a fog. Ordinarily there is a fall of three de- 
grees for each thousand feet ascendsd, but this is reversed when the hot air cur- 
rents, rising from the deserts of southsast California and Arizona, move seaward 
ana overrun the cold damp air from the ocean. 

— i= 


Wa can shortly expect the men at the Forest Zxperiment Stations who. :: 
are engaged in the study of fire.to put in a requisition for a Curtis-biplane 
instead of a ford. ‘ 


— e 


runs in‘the same direction. I have found from recent observation that in 

the case of yellow pins the spiral invariably rums from left to. night. I 

do not believe thers is ever an 2xception to this in yellow pine. The spiral 
in tamarack and lodgepole runs the same way. ‘To my surprise, however, I 
found that white pine, white cark pine and white fir do not follow this rule, 
and in. these species the spiral runs from right to left. Cedar rarely has 
any decided spiral grain, but such twist as there is seems to run the same 4s 
white pine.--5.K. ' ba 


Camp Robber's Nest Found: Much has been said about the camp robber, but it 
seems that little is known about the nesting habits of the bird. 
It is fairly authentically reported that it nests in February and at 
rather high elevations. On my District, in company with the Supervisor and 
the Deputy, we found a camp rotber's nest on May 29, 1923, at an elevation not” 
to exceed 6,000 feet, The nest was made of dry grass and about 7 feet from 


the ground in a denso stand of lodgepole pin: reproduction which was probably 3 


40 years old. 

The nest had three young birds in it which had just hatched out; the 
female was on the nest with the young birds and the male was carrying food: to 
the young ones.--J.J.McG., Beartooth, 


Is White Pino Blister Rust Spread in this Way? A recent issue of the Journal 
of Agricultural Research recounts an uausual study of the dissemination of 
rust spores which attack farm crops. ‘he investigators utilized airplanss 

to expose, small vaseline-coated traps at elevations up to 16,500 feet above 
ground, making flights in Texas, Nebraska ard elsewhere in the middle Wast. 
Spores of numerous species of rusts were obtained and later germinated. Such 
spores are probably carried long distances and may than be brought down by 
rain or some other agency. ‘This field of investigation is new and the effect 
of far-blown spores in spreading rust diseases cannot yet bs stated.--R.H.W. 


DISTRICT ¢ = ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTALCT 


— —— 


tions indicate that last spring a work has been about the most successful that 
has ever been done. A total of 765 acres, principally angelmann spruce and 
Douglas fir, was planted. Several counting plots in a 108-acre plantation of 
3-year angelmann spruce seedlings did not have a missing tree and th2 survival 
for this plantation is estimated to be 98 per cent. The succ2ss with Douglas 
fir seedlings is almost as great. In fact, even better survivals were secured 
with seedlings than with transplants*and next y2ar seedlings will bs used 
almost exclusively on the Pike Forest. The examination showed that for 2xposed 
ridges bristle cone and limber pine are ths only trees which can be planted 
successfully. ; : | 

Final counts made in plantations which have been sstablished for five 
years show survivals ranging from 6U to 80 per cent. This means an 2stab- 
lished stand of 409 to 550 trees per acre which, with the aspen on the area, 
is aS many trees as are necessary for complete stocking. 


H. N. Wheeler, Chief of Public Relations, has been detailed to Washington for 
six weeks, during which time he will assist in general Public Relations works 


ee ee et SE | 


Among the Old-Timsrs: While the amount of paper work hes multiplied, the red 
‘tape of individnal cases is not as great to-day as it was Some years ago. 
For instance, in 1902 an applicant wrote a long letter to the Secretary of f 
‘the Interior requesting a permit to maintain and operate a small sawmill which 
had been built in the Ghiricahuas. ‘The ‘Forest Superintendent" wrote a S1x- 
‘page report followeé by six pages more in longhand at a. later date. In March, 
1903, the Commissiorer of the General Land Office submitted the matter to the 
Secretary of the Interior, who wrote a two-page letter of approval, whereupon 
the Ranger secured a duly signed, witnessed and bonded contract which he sent 
to the Commissioner in Washington and thence to the Secretary again, who wrote 
another letter of approval.. Hach separate paper was jacketed and the jacket 
numbered and’ dated and the nature of the contents written on the cover. All 
for a small sawmill permi*. Bey 

Among other old cases is one on the Lincoln where Forest Supervisor 
John Kerr in 1906 issued a permit for a steam plow circular sawmill with a 
seven-cord daily capacity and required a $1,600 bond. Hs says the Ranger in 
the case who witnessed th3 bond was later discharged for horse stealing. 

Supervisor Swift made a report in 1908 for a sawmill permit in the Mount 
Graham and received a much initialed letter from Washington asking for a new 
agreement with a bond. He put up a characteristic reply pointing out that it 
was & small portable mill to be used only about sixty days on an area of Little 
fire danger, and that the mill would cut out seventy-five cords of dead wood 
which he was "exceedingly glad to gst rid of." The bond was waived. 


New Supervisor for Grook: Mr. 23ex King identified with D-3 since 1909 has been 
chosen as the new Supervisor for the Crook National Forest. King's wide expe- 
rience on nearly half the forests of the District as well as his long and effi- 
cient service in the office of Lands make him well fitted for his new position 
which he is expected to. take over on December 1. 


Specialist Leaves Service: On December 1 Mr. M. W. Takbot for many years con- 
nected with grazing studies in this District leav:s to take a position with 
the Bureau of Plant: Industry. His headquarters will be in Washington where it 
is understood that he will be in charg? of the Bureau's work on weeds. 


— =. Se eS SS eS ee eee 


Some Figures on Sheep Grazing: Assistant District Forester C. N. Woods,.while 
on the Uinta, ran across an interesting proposition in regard to cost of run- 
ning stock on the range. A Mr. Ingersoll has been running sheep on Reclama- 
tion Service lands in Strawberry Valley near the Uinta Forest for three years 
now.. It costs him $2,900 per year to run.2,90.) sheep on this area, He has a 
six months privilege there, but the feed is short and he can actually use it 
only about five months, and this year is unable to runall of his 2,900. head, 
so actually the rargs is costing him $1.14 per ewe. It is interesting to note 
in connection witn the split fee question that Mr. Ingersoll pays 10 per cent 
of his grazing fee at the time his lease is signed in October, some six months 
before he goes on the range in question, this amount being practically the 
Same as the entire grazing fee charged dv the Forest Service in the same re- 
gion, He has run sheep on the Uinta Forest in earlier years and considers: 
the forest range better, and all things teing equal, lambs fed on the forest 
range come off two to three pounds heavier in the fall. The range which he 
Leases is common use and subject to cattle grazing over which he has no con- 
trol. On the north side of Strawberry \alley, on range used by a different 
outfit, it costs about 90 cents per head. The range is overstocked and is 
probably deteriorating. Mr. Ingersoll is an axperienced sheepman and has been 
in the sheep business for many y3ars and is satisfied with the proposition, 
2ven with better than $1.00 per head grazing charges. In an attempt to run 
Sheep on his own private hands. some years ago, he found that taking into con- 
Sideration the interest, investment, and taxes, it cost about $2.40 per head 
for a six month period. 


=e 


PISTRICL 5 - CALTPORNTA DISTRICT 


Exhibit Receives Favorable Comment: Three new and picturesque exhibits of the 
Forest Service, the Biclogical Survey, and the Public 3oads Bureau, attracted 
a great deal of favcratla comment at the fairs held this season in California, 
Paul Fair of D-5 designed the settings and modeled the figures appearing in 
the Forest Service exhibit, which, according to a great many people who viewed 
the shows, ves one of the most attractive exhibits ever shown by the Govern- 
ment. The recreational advantages offered by the National Forests and the 
necessity to be careful with firs were the two main subjects of the exhibit. 


More Recreation on the Lagunas: The members of Al Bahr Temple, Nobles of the 
Mystic Shrine of San Diego, are planning a fine summer recreation camp on the 
Laguna Mountains, Cleveland Forest. Recently 70 automobile loads of members 
and their families spent a day there in selecting a site for clubhouse play- 


grounds and individual summer homes. ‘ 


DISTRICT 6 — NORXTH PACIFIC DIST iTCL 
Pontoon Fone Line on Santiam Forest: Something which it is believed is en- 
tirely new (at ieast the Santiam has never heard of it before) is a pontoon 
telephone line, th invention of Fire Chief Short. This Line extends for 
nearly a quarter of a mile across Fish Lake. ‘The poles that were set in the 
lake bottom last fell were pulled cout by the ice, leaving our Line in the 
water. Short ceme to the rescae and built some pontoons by using large logs, 
making a sort of bees which he anchored in the proper places by means of 
heavy stones and #9 wire poe erected foles upon the pontcons to which are at— 
tached swinging insulators. The Line is being held up very satisfactorily by 
this arrangement. It ool excited quite a number of comments from people who 
have seen it. ; Ai 


PR and the Fleet: During the Fleet's two weekst stay, beginning July 9 at 
Port Angeles, District Ranger Morgenroth of the Olympic Forest officially in- 
vited the men to visit the National Forest, at the same time calling atten- 
tion to the necessity for individual camp fire permits and requesting their 
Cooperation in the preveation of forest fires. This action on Mr. Morgen- 
roth's part was very much appreciated, as is avidenced by a very flattering 
letter received by him from Rodman, Admiral U. S. Navy, Commander-in-Chief, 
U. S. Battle Fleet. Over 1,000 camp fire permits were issued during the 
Fleet’s stay and, according to Mr. Mcergenroth, ali men who had the pleasure 
of accepting his invitation strictly complied with the fire laws. 


DASTATCT 8 - ALASKA DISTRICT 


Pe SE ee 


Exhibit Wins Hieh Praise: At the Southeastern Alaska Fair held in Juneau Sep- 
tember 20to 22, there were three Government exhibits, one each by the Weather 
Bureau, Biological Sez>vey, and Forest Service, all in the Department of Agri- 
culture. 

THe Forest Service and Biological Survey haa 2djoiring booths each @x8', 
Similarly constructed and decorated. Tne Forest Sarvice Looth was planned to 
advertise water power and pulp resources of southeastern Alaska. The booth 
attracted a great deal of attention and many favorable comnents. Many ques- 
tions were asked in reeard to water power and timber and the conditions under 
which these wight be developec. Our disviay received "first award for Govern- 
ment exhibit," and was one of the most attractive booths of any kind at the 
tiie, tt Ws felt tat thc effort, which cook considerable time to prepare, 
was well worth while and that the impression made upon the public was dis- 
tinctly favorable. — 

The Southeastern Alaske Mair as a whole was b2tter attended than last 
year, also a financial success and no doubt will be continued. 

The Agricultural Experiment Station also had a splendid exhibit in ad- 
dition to the three Government booths already referred to, showing agricultural 
products from both Sitka and Matanuska, 


S135 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, Wo. 43. Washington, D. C. Cctober 29, 1923, 


NINE-POOT 2040S UPHILD 
By Aldo Leopold, Ded 


In the Gctober 1 Service Bulletin, Mr. Whseler of D-2 fires both 
barrels at the current road policy. Nine--foot roads, he says, arg not roads 
at all because (1) they do not please the publis, (2) several beovle have 
fallen off of them, and (3) thsy cannot be adequataly drained. The remedy, 
according to Mr. Whseler, is to build rcads at ieast twelvs feet wide in- 
stead of nine, 

The argument that interssts ms most is the ons about pleasing the pub- 
lic. In the twenty ysars of Forest Service history have we been elgaged in 
pleasing the public or in leading the public? Most of our successes, it 
seems to me, have occurred where we delibsrately led instead of catered to 
public opinion. ; 

The present road policy, as I see it, is based on the following prin- 
Giples: (1) The Wast needs a hugs mileage of roads in proportion to its tax- 
able wealth; (2} either milsage, or quality, or width, or the solvency of 
public treasuries must be sacrificed: (3) the currant #orest Service policy 
Sacrifices width first, mileage second, and quality last of all. 

The current policy of other road building agenciss often seems just 
the opposite. Certainly in the Southwest there ars great numbers of in- 
stances whers even maintenance is being sacrificed to the craze for new ex- 
pensivs mileage regardiess of cost or volume of traffic. 

Naturally the unthinking public is not always pleased. ‘they have 
been given a champagne apnetite to go with their beer purse. But the think- 
ing public is beginning to see a light. ‘The ether day the leader of the New 
Mexico Taxpayers" Association volunteered the statemen* that the Forest Serv- 
i¢e was the only road building agency that had any policy in the proper sense 

of the word. He cited a certain nine-foot read, built narrow but durable 
and wsll, and said that was the type of road ths whol3s Stata must coms to 
for all put the main arteries of traffic, 

As to drainage, is it not easisr to get the water off a narrow road 
than a wide ons? As to safety, there ars prairic-raised people who complain 
bitterly of the danger of arivine up an eightesn-foot mountain road recently 
buiit in this District. This "safety" is a mental, not a physical, state. 

As to twelve-foot roads, what do we gain for the extra exoenss, outside of 
'a little additional feeling of safety? It's still a single-track road, Why 
not invest the difference in quality and durability? 


AIKALT RANGIS AND SALT 
By J. C. Whitham, JUuster 


There has been much comment on this subject at various times in Serv- 
ice bulletins, such as the article under the above heading in the District 
5 notes of the April 16 Washington Bulletin. iy observations in regard to 
the necessity of sait on alkali ranges differ considerably from the gsaneral 
conclusions arrived at by Suparvisor Arthur, 

& small experiment along this lins was carried on upon a portion of 
the Lee Crsek District of the Custer National Forest last season and repre- 
sentatives of the Service from the District Ranger up to the Washington 


| 

| 
office all agrsed that so little of the salt which wes put outs was utilized q | 
on this range, dus to the presence of alkali, that salting requirements were 
impractical on that tract. I have also nada observatious outside the Nation- | 
al Forest along the Yellowstone Rivez wher3 500 head of cattle have been fed | 
one winter in a pasture watered by a side stream with a high alxali content. 
One hundred pounds of salt were put out in two salt boxes readily accessible | 
to all the cattle in the pasture. Three months later the salt which was ordi= | 
nary granulated stock salt practically all still remainsd in the boxes with | 
the exception of that which had been lost by trampling and leaching. The next 
wintsr the same number of stock were fed ina pasture just a mile down stream — 
whers the only availabl2 water was from the main Yellowstone River, which is 
only slightly alkaline, Considerably over a thousand pounds of salt were con- 7 | 
sumed by the same herd during that winter feeding season. ; 

I do not wish to be interpreted as not beiug strongly in favor of the | 
Salting requirements in our grazing regulations and we are actvally requiring | 
it on certain allotments on the Custer, but I do believe that the salting regu | 
lations should be administered with a great deal of judgment on the alkalied | 
ranges. There are all kinds and characters of alzali but in few places has 
nature been so fortunate in her distribution of alkali licks and alxali spring 
&s to fully supplement the need of artificial salting. There ars, howsvar, | 
several allotments on the Custer National Forest where this is trug. There is 
only one sure test and that is follow out the plan used by Ranger Wood of try- | 
ing out salt, and —s the cattle do not eat the salt it is the only certain 
proof that artificia i salting is not needed. 

The chemical analysis of licks ard springs will usually indicate quits 
clearly ths ranges upon which the Glaubler's salts appear to be insufficient, 
but such azalyses as have been wade here indicate that the chemical combination 
ars sO varying and complicated that it is very difficult to be absolutely cer. 
tain through the uss of this m method, and the simpler and more practical test of 
actual trial on the ground is much to be preferred. 

There is probably no portion of the conatry whera tne opposition of the 
stockmen to any salting requirements have bsen more bitterly contested than on 
the Custer, but they are fast learning hers that there are really comparative- 
ly few ranges or at least portions of allotments upon which some artificial 
salting cannot be used to good advanta go. As stated above, the question is 
simply ons which can be worked out best through experimentation on the ground, 
for on the Same range under different forage aud seasonal conditions stock will 
utilize salt to gocd advantage dwing one season while they will scarcely touch 
it during anothsr season, ' 

I think, however, that as a generel proposition tha Service should not 
be too hasty in deciding that salt is needed ov that it is advisabla to lay 
down hard and fast rules regarding the use of artificial salt on strongly 
alkalied ranges as wa have yet in most cases an awful lot to leacn about when 
and whers salt should be required on the alkelied types cf cur ranges. Arti- 
ficial salting is so generally applicable +o the fresh water ranges of Dis- 
trict 1 that a feeling is very liabls to develcp in our organization that it 
is applicabls and sntirely necessary under any conditionas. 


WY NOT USE GENTRAU LAND EXCHANG2? | 


a MeO Wis Pooler, D3 


All Forest officers know that the Gensral Land Zxchange Bill passed at 
the last session of Congress and that it is now possiblg to consolidats scat- 
tered private holdings within forest boundaries and in so doing relieve the 
Service of the increased cost of administration dus to land complications. 
EBefors there was such legislation a good deal wes hsard from Supervisors on 
the need for it and of the interference scattared privatsa holdings caused with 
orderly administrative plans. Wow we haves the legislation we are hoaring less 
abort said intarfersnce. If the interference existed and still exists, then 
Supervisors should view. the exchange legislation as a tool and a big oppor- 
touity to take the initiative in lining up private holders and interesting 


- 


tasm in exchanges that will work out to our mutual bensfit,. 


=2— 


Supervisors and Rangars should not be satisfied to sit back and allow 

| an affective tool to rust through non-use on the theory that the first move 

| should come from the other fellow. Let us make an excaption of the exchange 

| business and put this now operation as far as we can on the basis of initia- 

| tion by the Service. So much of our business is handled on application by the 
j users. Can we not turn the tables to some extent in our exchange work and our- 
| selves pop th question? It is recognized, of course, that we can only go so 

| fast and that there is only so much time that can be given to one activity. — 

| But let us not forget that the existing exchange legislation givas us a usabla 
| tool for consolidating Forest as well as privats holdings and for acquisition | 
| of desirable private land within Forest boundaries at the expense of Forest 
stumpage or non-forested lands. Let us make such progress as we can. 


Wditor's Note.--Although the above was written by District Forester Pooler 
for circulation in District 3, yet it seemed worth while to reprint it in the 
Service Bulletin so that thea Forest Service as a whole could read it. 


OSMOTIC PRESSURE AND BNVIROWMRNT, OR, EOW HARD GAN A PLANT PULL WATER 
BY fay oie Bakor, D-4 


It certainly takes a variety of things to make up forestry, doesn't it? 
I have had this impressed upon me by a raport I'vs just been reading. The name 
of it is: "The Density of Geil Sap in Relation to gnvironmental Conditions in 
ths Wasatch Ilountains of Utah," by C. FP. Korstian, now of the Appalachian Zxp. 
Station. Some day it is quite probable that you will have the opportunity of 
reading it in the form of a Government bulletin, but to tell you the truth, the 
thing is no novel, and we are willing to bet that most of you will not get very 
far with it, It is vary intaresting, there is no doubt about that, and so I am 
going to make a stab at telling you what it is all ag oven without getting into 
the highbrow stuff - if possible. 

First of all, it is a pisce of scientific work that gests down toward the 
roots of things, and which accordingly seems of little present value to us. 
Just the same, in order to be foresters we have got to understand trees,and to 
understand tress we have got to know how they live and how their insides work, 
just as much as a doctor has to know such things about human beings. Consider 
this "density of cell sap" business. You know that there is juice in the 
leaves of all living plants. That juice is not just plain water. It has sugars 
aad other things dissolved in it. You would be sur prised to see what it really 
is like. You can soak it out of pine needles with water, which, boiled down, 
finally becomes something that looks and smells like peanut brittle without 
the peanuts in it. It tastes like quinine and molasses. Wow, this stuff dis- 
solved in the cells of plants has a good deal to do with various Llifs processes, 
but one of the most important things it does is to exercise what is called "os- 
motic pressure." If you take a parchment bag, fill it with molasses and tie 
it up tight and put it in water, the thing will swell and swell until it finally 
bursts. The water has bsen powarfully sucked in by the molasses which has not 
isaked out. The collection of cells in plants is always Going the same thing. 
The "molasses" in their cells is all the time sucking water from the soil. At 
the same tims the water in the soil is not pure water, but has lots of salts 
dissolved in it, which maka it work against the plant. If the plant is going 
to stay green and fresh it has to suck hardsr than the soil. You would be 
surprised to know how hard a plant can pull with its cells. Korstian found 
Sagebrush on the salt flats west of Salt Lake City, wheres it had to g3t upa 
good lot of force against the Salty water of the soil, sucking with 4 pressure 
of 750 pounds to the square inch. Averags plants in our mountains do not have 
to work so hard, and only hit it up at about 20 pounds. The trees in general 
pull harder than the shrubs, and the shrubs harder than the herts because the 
tail plants not only have 2 puli the water Loose from the soil, but have to 
hoist it up in the air as well. The drier the soil, the harder it holds ths 
remaining water supplies, and the harder the plant has to pull to get that 
water away. I1f a rainstorm comes and wets up the soil, the plant does not 
hav2 to work so hard and reduces its osmotic pressure. Accordingly, the pres- 
Sure varies from day to day and from season to season with the amount of water 
available. The juniper, which grows in hot, dry places, ran pretty nearly 400 


= Sh— 


pounds to the square inch in the last part of July. . The samp tite, DiS Sa 
growing in.a canyon bottom only reached 1965 pounds to the square inch.. If you — 
put that blus spruce where the cedar was: growing, it would dry up and die, 
Simply because it is not equipped with a strong snough. sucking apparatns to gat 
the water loose from such very dry soil.. 
Well, what is the use of knowing all this? It was developed with this 
in mind; we want to choose sites in our forest planting worx where the trees 
will flourish. How ars we to choose such, sites? Suppose wa find out that 
western yellow pine can suck water from soil with a force of about 400 pounds 
to the square inch; after that it gives up and dies. Wecan go to a planting 
site and find out how hard the native vegetation is pulling on the soil during 
the driest part of the summer. Supposing the shrubs are hitting it up at the 
rate of perhaps 500 pounds or 600 pounds to the squares inch. It nseds no sci- 
entist to tell you that that is no place for westarn yellow pine. It may ap- 
pear to you that the same thing could be detarmined with less trouble by merely 
studying the water content of the soil. it is not so, however, because the 
difficulty a plant expsriences with drawing that water depends not only on the 


amount of water in the soil, but on the charactsr of the soil and upon the dis-— 


solved salts in the water. Furthermore, from what dspth are you going to take 
your samples of soil? You want them at the point whers the roots ara drawing 
the moisture. Who knows where that is? So it really looks as though this 

method might tell us some valuable facts about the dryness of various sites in 


the opinion of the plants themselves - facts we could not learn in any other way 


You might be curious to know how this pulling power, which depends upon 
the density of the sap in the plant calls, is determined. The method is really 
quite simpls once you get the apparatus together. Leaves ars gathered and put 
into Little glass bottles which are placed at once ina mixture of ice and salt, 


which freezes the leaves. They ars then taken out and thawed, and ars of course 


then limp, black, ard mushy. These lsayas ars then pat into a powerful press 
and the juice is squeezed out as completely as possible. This juice is then 
placed ina little bottle with an sxtramsly accurate thermometer which will 
read to the thousandth of a degree stuck in it. This apparatus is thon put in- 


to a mixture of ice and salt until the sav freezes. At that instant the temper= 


_ature is noted. You all know the more salt or sugar you put in water the harder 
it is to freeze it. It works the Same way with this plant sap. Tables are 
worked out So that once we know the freezing point, the osmotic pressure can be 
determined and that osmotic pressure tells the story of how hard the plant had 
to suck water from the soil where it was growing. Sort of a cowplicated thing, 
isn't it? But just the same, it is interasting and shows some of ths possibil- 
ities that scientific methods have for the forestry of the future. 


WASHTNCTON NOTES 
MacDaniels* Mule: Not everyone has the gift of speaking in parablss; but Supsr- 
visor MacDanisls of the Siskiyou has set a classic example in his parable of 
the mule. It is taken from a letter to Capt. Edward C. Cressman, who a few 


months ago wrote an article in THS OUTLOOK advocating light burning - an article 


that was replied to by Associats Forester Sherman. MacDaniels, in his conten- 
tion that the forssts have survived in spite cf abuse and not because of it, 
cites the cass of the mule that was suffering from the "seratches"; 

"I remember a well-to-do farmer who had a mile that had cut itself some- 
-how. The wound was not healing; he bled it for the 'scratches.' He was a 
little hazy about what the 'scratches' wera, or just what effect bleeding had 
on them, but he had a profound conviction that. bleeding was the proper treat- 
‘ment for them, and supreme contempt for anyone who differed from him. The mula 
was a Sturdy beast and recovered from both the cut and the loss of a gallon or 
so of blood. That proved that the diagnosis was corrsct and the remedy was 
well. chosen. I have not a doubt that the people cf ths neighborhood, who had 
long heard bleeding advartised as a cure for scratches, were willing to agree 
with him. He was a prospsrous farmsr who knew his business; he had handled 


mules from his childhood; the mule survived.. What better proof would you want?" 


Capt. Crossman, ina cordial reviy, admits that he is "pratty well sold" 
on the present policy of fire protection, and urges MacDaniels to put out some 
of his material for publication. 


me 


ee a a a a re ee 


a ae eS =e | eR —S SS 


on the Laboratory have recsntly been made in the editorial columns of various 
lumbsr journals. The Southern Lumberman said; "Whan the Laboratory was estab- 
‘lished a big proportion of the rank and file of the lumbermen looked on it as 
a foolish waste of time and money.----Ths work of the Laboratory has fully 
demonstrated its worth." 

The Hardwood Record: "Never in its history has the Laboratory at Madison 
-occupisd-so important a position with relation to the lumber industry.------ a 
The Laboratory organization has so secured the confidence of the lumber indus 
try that it is now the accredited advisory agency in the whole standardization 
‘movement. Its praise is sung by men who have made reputations and fortunes 
through the intelligent application of practical knowledg3 of lumbering." 


Se ee ee ee 


-— == ee 


act, 338,500 pounds, was. the record made by the best one of the twenty southarn 
Pine timbers recently tested in the big machine. Ths average load for the lot 
was 284,000 pounds and the minimum only 161,100 pounds, hardly half that of ths 
best timber. 

Thss2 long columns hav2 bsen air ssasoning for two years; the greatost 
load sustained by any of the green timbars, previously tasted, was 367,500 
pounds. All of thess timbers are 24 feet long and approximately 12 inchas 
square. Hinges 


Woods for Organ Pipes: The woods most commonly used for organ pipes are eastern 

white pins, western whits pins, sugar pine, western yollow pins, yellow poplar, 

basswood, redwood, and cypress. Desirabls properties for this purposs are abil- 
ity to "stay put'"' when properly dried, sase of working, capacity to take finish, 
and the quality of boing reasonably air tight. 


in a course known as "Forestry; Production and Utilization" is to be given dur- 
ing the first semester at the University of Wisconsin, 

A part of the lactures psrtain to laboratory work, but the greatsar por- 
tion of the timo will be given to forgst production, and will include discus- 
sions of such subjects as protection, rsproduction, growth factors, valuation, 
and silvicultural systems. 


” ‘BEGRAVER-BIuILES 
Ferdinand WW. Haasis, Appalachian 


"The east face of the Sandia Mountains in the Manzano Forest shows 2 
largs number of ‘sorrel topped' trees. A close examination of these trees dis- 
closed the fact that the bark beetles ars killing considerable yellow pine tim- 
ber on this area. It is estimated that closo to 1,000 trees have been killed 
this year. Near the Tajique Ranger Station in the Manzano another yellow pine 
is badly affoectsd with bark b2etles. This area is not as large as the first 
ons but 4 much larger percentage of the trees on the area aro killed. Bark 
beetles ars also taking a large toll of the pinon trees on the Manzano. On 
the pine the Dendroctonus beetles ars doing the most damags, on the pinon, the 
Dps ars working." (Daily Bulletin, Southwestern District, Saptembsr 5, 1923). 

For a number of years past trees killed by the southsrn pins beetle have 
been noted here and there in parts of the Biltmore istata near Asheville, N.C, 
Unfortunately, one area of active infestation is in and near a sample plot es- 
gablished by #rothingham and Rhoades in 1916 for the purpose of making studies 
of thinning. This was a mixed stand of planted white and shortleaf pines, the 
latter somswhat dominating the former. The expsriment was made of favoring ths 
whit3 pine at the expenss of tha shortleaf. The present insect attack, which’ 
is affecting only the shortleaf pines, suggests, as Mr. Frothingham has pointed 
out, that the encouraging of the white pings may eventually have a much greater 
significance than at first anticipated, 

Other infestations have been reported on the Curtis Crsek watershed in 
the Pisgah Nationg3l Forsst. Ona recent trip to the Shenandoah National Forest, 
ths writer noted sorrel topped and red topped pine trees at various places in 
the Shenandoah Division in what impressed him as alarming quantities. ‘The 


Supsrvisor is awers of ths presence of thes9 trees and is making sales of 
fuelwood in an affort to check the progress’ of the insects responsible for | 
their condition. 
Thsss are acabbers, ins tandos. A careful poe would undowbd tedly bring || 
many more to light. ‘B. Peirson virites "The ‘t ime | fight an insect out 
break is not after Ene danags has be easicp bat immediat tely that an incipiede 
outbreak is locatead,... It is tims that the word “control' - be ‘dropped - and - whe 
word ‘'prevention' ‘substituted,- for there is no more sxcuse’for widespread in- 
sect outbreaks han. there is for, the forest fire." (For rast “antomo} .Cfy as a 
Subject of Importancs to Foresters," Journal of Forestry for May, 1926). Hag 
he overstated tae case or can we well afford to pay morse attention to this am | 
phase of our forest problems? 


DISTRICT 1 = PORTHIRN DESUALCT 


High Climbers have Nothing on Research; A tall, lone western larch at the Pvries 
River dixperiment Station has just been topped at a point 6 inches in diameter 
and 150 feet above ground. The purpose was io ins ta :1i the electrically record= 
‘ing wind and sunshine instruments ina more svitsbie position. Iron pole stepaay 
maks this eect! weather station accessible. After finishing the ins talla- © 
tion, Messrs. Kempff and Gisborne of the Station s'taff informally organized — . 
the Research High Climbers Society with: thamselv4s as charter merberse Visit- 
ing Forsast officars are invited to become members. The only membership ré- 
quiremsnt is that applicant asc and ‘to s tavion and inscribe his signature in a . 
the Socisty register placed there. R: 2gistration point 150 f2et, lcoking BPs 
and double that looking down.--H.7.G. ° ~~ 
Camp Robber's Nest: In April, 1910, I was trapping bear with Harvey Maynard on 
the South Fork of the Médison about 6 wiles from Vast Yellowstone." ‘wa found a 
camp robbsr’s nast- in’ a. lodgepete pine. about four ‘feet ‘from the snow. THis | 
latter vas about two f2et on the lavel,” Wa, ‘frightened the of slg bird off the nes 
so I suppose that she was setting, This' was: in a S$tanb | f ‘LodSapole repr oduc- 
tion 50-60 years old and at an elevation of about 7 -O00 “feet. --R. MK. 


DIST2IUP 2 - POUKY i HOUNTATY BIS "RI oe ory ) a 


oa oN Ad 


Forest Service Exhibit in Local Department. St Store; The office of PR installed 
an exhibit in ths auditorium of the aA. sie Lewis & Son departme nt store in 
Denver which was in place throughout the summer season, It consis ted of a 
painted backdrop showing a green forest and a burned over forest. This was 
loaned to us by D-5. In ffont of the backdrop was built up a burned forest 
area and a section of living fore st. In acdition, a Ranger station was put 
up and a replica of one of the ruins at Mesa Verde Fe sonal Park, this at the 
expense of Lawis & Son. Secretary Wallace ,accompanied by Forester Greelsy, 
formally opened the exhibit at Lewis" ‘while they wars nere with the Presiden- 
tial party, ; 

It is thought that exhibits of this character really are more effective 
in putting over the forest idea than those placed at the big fairs, since “ins 
‘a’ display of: this kind people have an opportunity to study them at leng<h and 
ay a better Ses peo of what they are realiy trying to show 


Now Boundary 33 igns for Game Refuzes: The Colorado, Stete ‘Game & FR sh ‘Commas Sea 
er has had printed 40,000 refuge boundary signs‘for the thirtsen disvvers 
refuges of Colorado. A libsral: supply has beon furnished the apes 

its 


and will bs put out by: the local men in cooperation with the State. Ge 
Commissioner. a 


Walt Mason on Campers: The careless campers in my grove betray their lack of” 
tas ta; they cook things on a patent stove in mos.unsesmly hast3. They open 
cans of sities and beans and throw the cans away; they strew the grounds with 
wasted greors, old papars, junk and'hay. Thay sometimes set the grass afire, 
or scar ‘he priceless tres, until I rise in martial ire and hand out, lines 
‘like these, When autos first began to chase before my poor abods, I Said, 


Tuy egrove's a resting place for pilgrims of the road. It will be free to all 
Wwho pass, to all good people free, and they may lie upon the grass and drink 
Hinine cups of tea. And doubtless in the caravan thers’il bs at times a cove 
Wiwho'll-say, 'Now bless the grand old man who lets mus use this grove:""., That 
jgrove is barred to tourists now, barred is that pleasant dell, since campers 
} rounded up my cow and stole her new brass beil. Still come ene chooing cara 
|\vans, and endless, busy drove; but they can"t leave their old tin cans around 
j my Sacred ‘grove. In fifty years from now, perhaps, ths tourist tribes wiil 
know they ought to gathsr up the scraps and ciean up er they go. (Worth 
| framing for posting on Forsst Service camp grounds.) 


New Mexico Newspaper Boosts a Good Road: In former days the editor of the 
| Taos Valley News was accustomed, when occasion damanded, to labor over the old 
team-killing U. 5. Hill on the Carson in buckboard or wagon. A week or two ago 
| he made a comfortable automobile trip up the nsw picturesque U. S. Hill road 
} which was built by Dwire and Cottam and just completed during the summer. The 
| nsxt issue of the sditor's newspaper extols the qualities of the highway ina 
column of praise and says among other things, "That work is a wonder. Porticns 
of the road are as smooth as pavement and nons of it is bad. Who did it? We 
see ths man of the Forest Service daily and say helle anc forget the striking 
value of their work on such projscts as the U. S. Bill road. Let's tell theses 
fellow citizens that we recognize their service and ars proud of their effort. 
Here's to the Forest Service boys. We thank them and appreciates their servics 
to the community." 


Wiswing the Tourists: To the old residents of Taos, it is a question during 

the San Geronimo Fissta as to which is the more interesting, the Indian dances 
and rslay races or the visiting tourists with their Stetson hats, bandana hand- 
kerchiefs, riding breeches, silk stockings and high hesied shoes. We are going 
to take a vote on this when the Fiesta is finally over. 


DISTRICT 4 - INTARMOUNTATN DIST AUCT 


"Killa tie, Jost" When the sheep of a certain permittee entered the Lewhi For- 
est, Ranger Pslton cautioned the forsman, Joe, abovt firs. He told him to see 
that the Basco herders wers given proper instructions. The foreman agreed that 
he would see that they treated firs sacrediv, so approaching the herders, he 
Said, "Now you fellows be carsful of vour cemp fires. Clear a big place around 
them and never throw your cigs or matches away unless they are dead out. If 
you let a fire get away from you, you will be shown no mercy. They will take 
you out without a trial or anything, and that Hanger will put a rope around 
your neck and hang you to the first tree." 

A few days later one of the herders was taking a siesta under a tres 
with a smoke in his mouth, and hs dozed off. The duff around him caught fire 
and started to smouider, meking mors smoke than anything else. When the dozing 
herder awoke, he was surrounded by a smoke screen. It happened that the fore- 
man, JOS, arrived just as the herder jumped up and started to beat frantically 
at the ground with his hat, yelling lik2 a lunatic. In his frenzy, he didn't 
sse the foreman until he was closes by. He threw Jo: a pleading lcok, and ina 
voice distorted with emotion he cried, "Joe, for God's sake, Joe, gsita bees 
gun, Joc, and killa me quesk? I no lika be hung." 


DISTRICT 5 — CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


pan francisco Is Waking Up: At last San Francisco has waked up to the r: 
tion possibilities in the high Sierras and next season expects to j 
dist of California cities maintaining recreation camps within the ¥ 
Forgsts. San Francisco has a number of suitabls camp sites access 
Hetch Hetchy railroad, with ample buildings, water, light and power 
At Mather, 9 miles below the Hetch Hetchy dam, the lumber camm and saw- 
mill operated by the city on 2 400-acre tract will te closed early next year. 
This area would make a fine camp site, and the buildings now on the growid ray 
be utilized for recreational purposes. Another fine location is at the "ie 
Dys" Meadows, 5 miles nearer San Frarcisco. Water is more availabl 
camp, as the liiddle Pork of the Tuolumne River is within a few mini 
A fascinating ride of 9 hours from San Francisco over the Southern Pci 
Hetch Hetchy railways will take the people of San Francisco into the es of 


their own pleasure lands in the Stanislaus National Forest at iow excursion 
rates. 


ct tb 


Hike 


ERE EEE 


From Lather, athena motor roads lead to the Yosemite valley, 24 mid 
distant, and trails radiata in every direction through the Stanislaus: HOrcey 
and the National Park.--G.u. 


Oh, Mr. Headley! Ths busiest. Forest officsr in California has been discovers 
One of the Supervisors relates the following incident; Some’ time ago when 
visiting ona neighboring Forest I stopped at a guard Station abovt moontime, 
and while helping the Guard to cook dinnsr noticed that he worse neither belt — 
nor suspenders, and consequently had to stop operations svsry fev minutes to 
hitch up his nsther garments. Observing my interest in the proceedings h3 
finally confided, "I've got a belt on my other trousers, but I’ve been so dang 
busy the last three or four days that there’s been no time to change it to thi 
pair." Seems to me-this calls for an investigation and an efficiency study; — 
I'll bet if they passed a regulation prohibi ting a man from hitching up his 


breeches thers'd be enough time saved ina year to build a hundred miles of ! 
firs line)" 


DISTRICT 6 = NORTH PACIFIC DISTRIC 


es ee ee ee 


Caught in the Act: A coyote was caught in the act of attacking a 6-weeks old 
calf elk by riders from the Tisaton Cattle Association whils bringing cattle 
to their sumer range. The yonungster's mother could not be located, so it ~ 
was carried to the headquarters camp across 4 seddls. Renger Briann took it~ 
from there to the Tieton Ranger Station.and fed it on diluted evanorated mi lic 
for several days until a Deputy Game Warden could call for it. 

Latest reports from the Yakima County Game farm are to the effect that 


the foundling is doing nicely on cow's milk and is attracting considerable 
attention from visitors. 2a 


Coopsration: Ths Cascadians, the mountain climbing. ciub of Yakima, Washington, 
Spent their annual outing on the Rainier Forest and Mt. Rainier region. Range 
Brunn assisted the Cascadians in planning their trip, and in retwn their 
printed prospectus carries a mumber of exfective fire si Og2nse 


ey 2 


Ny 


U.S. ForeEST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


Vol. VII, No. 44, Washington, D. ©. November 5, 1923. 


"tN MEMORIAM 
By E. A. Sherman 


A few years ago Joyce. ‘Kilmer; a young American poet, wrote a brief poem 
entitled "TREES," en expression of sentiment so exquisite that it is an immor- 
tal contribution to. our, literature. | In July, 1918, he gave his life in the 
World War in France. His part in forestry was unique and indirect, yet so 
pronounced as to” warrant commemoration, To accomplish this the Joyce Kilmer. 
State Forest Monument , @ tract of 20 acres, has been established in the Bald 
Bagle State Forest in ‘Pennsylvania. Within the limits of the monument is a 

natural amphitheatre known as the Joyce Kilmer Rest, and the approach to the 
monument is called the Joyce Kilmer Trail. The aeernent as a concrete demon- 
stration of appreciation ofa life of service and patriotism mst inevitably 
inspire ail: ‘who visit it with, some of the reverent love of nature which char- 


acterized the man whose naihe it honore, 


Inthe World War nineteen members of the Forest Service gave their lives 
in their country's cause, "Al though they may have ‘lacked the skill or the time 
to express in words, 48 Kilmer did, the love of country, of nature, and of 
trees, yet we know that’ such a love was deeply ingrained in the heart of each 
of them, and what they failed to express in words many of them demonstrated in 
opt eshnens Like Kilmer they all gave their lives in support of their 
ideals, o % 

Why ; ened: should the National Forests not contain within their limits 
beauty spots, or camp grounds, én. roads,. or trails commemorating by name and 
by proper explanatory tablets the, service and sacrifices of such men as Chardes 
EH. Simpson, Clark B. Waterhouse, Herbert H, Harvey, Roy Muncaster, Horate B. 
Quivey, Stanley R. Ausperger, Donald R. Frazier, Bert Lewis, Cosmer M. Lemeaux, 
Roy L. Greathouse, John L, ‘Mooney’, ‘Hubert C. Williams, Eugene R. McGlaughlin , 
Yard Norris Woodward. Errola Ge Crittenden, Marcy M. Meaden, Harry A. Chamber- 
lain, Thomas V. Keefe, and Homer S$. Youngs? The dedication to the memory of 
these, men of appropriate areas, particularly ateas with which they were in 
some way assoctiated during:their period of Service.on the National Forests, 
would add a’ touch of human interest and sentiment to the Forests, and would 
be évidence™ that the Forest Service is. not coldly forgetful of its patriotic 
sons, 

This is not something that can be brought about ,by cold official dic- 
tum, The fruition of this idea depénds upon the interest and enthusiasm of 
those still in the Service who worked and ‘lived with, these men, whose names 
are worthy of every honor we can give them, There mast first We the selection 
_0f an area, or road, or trail some way associated with the man, or some way 
. expressive of what he stood for, or some way representative of some of his 


#: plans or ambitions, Only after that can the Forester take action. As an ex- 


“ample, there is, for instance, the. road on the Idaho Forest from McCall to 

Warren, “When "Bert Williams was Forest Assistant at McCall he traveled be- 
tween these points’ many, many times and at all seasons of the year, through 

& sea of mud in spring and fall, a maze of chuck holes in summer, and on snow- 

shoes over huge drifts of snow when otherwise impassable in -': winter. ° His 

wonderful physique and great feats of endurance amazed the natives of that 

region and won their peas hwon and respect. Later, as Supervisor of the 


+ 


_ season, and the fire menace would be reduced at least ninety per cent. 


aa well stocked with reproduction of seedlings two to four inches high, from the 
1918. « seed: crop, and poles 25 to 50 years of ages. 


e ‘The lower end was drawm:in to-a diameter of one-half inch in which a cotton 
wy Wick. was threaded:: -‘The:inside’was filled with kerosené and the wick was 
. lighted. In this way.the:firée was carried from one ‘pile to another. 


brs 


_to the Forest Service: arid ‘$.001 to the company. ° 


Idaho Forest, the need for a better road between McCall and Warren was aways 
in his mind and his plans, not alone as a means to better Forest protection 
but also as a means of better public service. "Bert" Williams is gone, but 
the better road he hoped for is now there. Would it be inappropriate to des- 
ignate it as the Hubert C. Williams Highway? The people who travel that road 
knew Williams and loved him, and no doubt would welcome such a designation. 


BRUSH BURNING IN YELLOW PINE ON THE SITGREAVES 
By Fred Merkle, Sitgreaves 


Lopping and scattering or simply pulling tops are the usual methods of 
brush disposal now followed in the Southwestern District. Either of these 
methods leaves a very hazardous fire menace for several years following the 
cutting operation. Piling and burning would eliminate this hazard the first 


Brush. burning was, therefore, tried on the Apache Lumber Company sale, 
Sitgreaves National Forest, as an experiment and the results were so satisfac- 
tory that it was decided to continue this method throughout theooperation. 

The area on which the brush burning was done consisted of a pure stand 
of western yellow pine from which 10,000 feet per acre had been cut. It was 


In. all: the burning a kerosene torch was used. This ‘teen consisted 
of four feet of one~inch;.gas pipe at the top end of which was. screwed a cap. 


The brush, piling of thée‘first 1;100 acres was done during the period 
of thigh, wages in 1920 ‘and sk&2t.: The fgborers were Apache Indians who received 
$3.50 per. eight-hour day.-.Mhe-piling<cost the company 55¢ per thousand feet. 
The burning was done in four oea/S oy fourteen men at a cost of 1.4¢: per ‘thou- 
sand feet. 

The. brush piling on the 700 “actes was done by Apache Indians whose 


* age was $1.75 for a-nine-hour day; which made’a cost to the company of 48¢ 


per thousand feet for piling. +The burning ° of this brush was done by the For- 
est Service in cooperation with the Company at a cost of $. 046 per M. feet 


Not over 5:per {cent of thé reproduction was destroyed. Abwemm small 


amount of natural litter and ground cover such as leaves, pine needles, and 


fallen timber was removed: by! the brush burning. Brush cut ang piled in Sep- 
tember ,1922, burned up:blean in March, 1923, ~~ 

After experimenting iniall of the ‘different stasons when burning. was 
possible it was decided that the best results were obtained in the early spring 
“just before all of the: 0ld winter snow’ was gone ‘and Just after a light spring 


snow had covered the patches -of bare grounds 


_ Burning was found’possible during the rainy season of the summer months 
but not practicable on‘a large scale. ‘Where it is deemed necessary to burn 
fire lines during this period it can be done successfully. If it were possi- 
ble to predict the weather with any degree of céttainty for several days*in 


_ advance burning on a larger‘scale could be practiced, but often, even during 


the rainy season several days will elapse with little or no rainfall. If a 
large area is set just prior to such a dry spell, an extra cost will be in- 


curred for patrol work. 


Burning after the first snow in the.fall. was not found feasible. 
Either there were several small snowstorms early with the snow remaining ‘only 


. &@ day or two,,or when the snow came later in the seasonizt fell to a great 
_ depth with the first storm and remained throughout the winter. 


For the best results the brush should be piled green and as soon after 
felling as possible. .The; piles should be uniform in size, not over six feet 
in height and eight: feet in diameter. “Too much emphasis cannot be. laid on 
the construction: of good’piles. -A well-made, compactly-built pile will burn 
and be entirely consumed’ when a: loosely—constructed pile cannot be ignited. 
Care should be exercised in placing piles so as not to get them too close to 


living trees.» Burning can be done on days of fairly high wind if care is ’ 
taken in Sekine the :piles.on the Legrang side and letting the. flames work ‘ 
back toward the windward: side. 


It is the writer's opinion after conducting these experiments in brush 
‘burning that it is entirely practicable in the Southwest and that, therefore, 
|\'the brush disposal problem in western yellow pine in Arizona and New Mexico 

|} is solved, There remains now only the necessity of educating the forests in 
| the techniccéf brush piling and burning. This conclusion has been reached 
jafter much experience in ew methods: efi: ae aHEROARY. practiced in the 

|) District. isd “the | 


ANOTHER pecihties ‘ACT? OF COOPERATION 


District Forester Morrell reports another splendid act of cooperation 
in the foliowing letter: 
"George Schmidt, a twelve-year-old Boy Scout of Philipsburg, Montana, 
| on September 20, 1923, reported a fire near the city limits to a fireman on 
| duty at Philipsburg. The boy was assisted in fighting the fire by Walter John- 
| son, Frank Martinage, William Schneider, and Clarence Johnson, all Boy Scouts, 
| by the citizens of the town, and by the employees of the Philipsburg Mining 
| Company, headed by their superintendent, Mr. Blitz. By the boy's prompt ac- 
| tion in reporting the fire, and by the cooperation given in extinguishing it, 
| one of the few remaining stands of mining timber in the locality was saved. 
| ff year ago a similar situation was handled by Mr, Peter Valiton, then 
| Boy Scout Hxecutive, who broke into the warehouse in Phidspepure in the absence 
| of the Ranger," 
The Forester has written to George Schmidt to thank him and his friends 
for their actions. The Forester has also asked District Forester Morrell to 
| convey his thanks to the citizens of Philipsburg and to the Philipsburg Mining 
| Company, as well as to Mr, Peter Valiton,--Ed, 


NATIONAL FIRE PREVENTION EXPOSITION 
By H. N. Wheeler, D-2 


The Fire Congress and Exposition held in the 7lst regiment armory, New 
| York City, during Fire Prevention Week, October 8 to 13, was the beginning of 
| what portends to be an interesting annual affair, 

The fire chief of New York City, Paul D. Kelleter, Director of Pur- 
chases and Sales, Department of Agriculture, and other men prominent in the 
fire game, delivered interesting papers before the congress, and the moving 
| picture theater was crowded at all times. with people interested in seeing 
| fires and the measures used in suppressing and preventing them, Talks on 
various phases of the fire situation were distributed each day or night from 
| the Radio Corporation of America ‘ sending station to an estimated audience of © 
| 800,000 people throughout the United States. . 

The exhibits displayed all manner of fire prevention devices, such as 
a fireproof safe, a composition wall board, various fire alarm signals, and ~ 
excelsior and other highly inflammable material treated with "No Fire" - a 
liquid that makes even gasoline immune to fire. 

The Forest Service display, consisting of enlarged photographs, a fire 
| lookout house, a model of a lookout tower, a fire tool. box, and a pump used 
in extinguishing gyvound fires, attracted ‘much attention, Many remarks were 
heard to the effect that it was the most interesting exhibit in the hall, 
School teachers were there, some of them with their pupils, and many were the 
inquiries for literature and more infépmation about the forests and how ‘and 
why forest fires start. Most of the people were unaware that there are Na- 
tional Forests in the East but thought of them as being confined to the far 
West. 

It is planned to make the Congress and Exposition a much more elaborate 
affair next year and start it off witha parade by a Beet | of the New Bets City 
fire department, 


COL, HENRY S. GRAVES APPOINTED PROVOST OF. YALE UNIVERSITY 


The election of Henry S. Graves, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry 
and former Chief of the Forest Service, as Provost of Yale University has been 
announced. Col, Graves will continue as Déan of the Yale Forestry School, 

In the position of University Provost, Dean Graves will bs seeond to 
the President. of the University in administrative rank. He will assist the- 
President in matters affecting Faculties, Departments, Divisions and Deans, © 
and in the preparation of the instruction budget. His chief duty will be to 
present to the University Corporation and its committees the views of the 


faculties and the teaching staff on all questions affecting the educational 
policy of the University or its various schools and departments, The Provost 
is consequently the connecting link between the various schools and depart- 
ments and the corporation of the University. 

Col. Graves is President of the American Forestry Association, Fellow 
of Society of American Foresters, Vice-President of the Section of Social & 
Economic Sciences of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 
Chairman of the Division of States Relations in the National Research Council, 
a member of the Joint Committee on National Resources of the National Academy 
of Science, National Research Council and the American Association, an honorary 
member of the Royal English and the Royal Scottish Aboricultural Societies, a 
member of the Societe Forestiere de Franche Comte d! Belfort, member of the 
society of American Military Engineers, and a member and officer in numerous 
societies and organizations for the advancement of forestry and kindred sub- 
jects.-—-M.H, 


DO YOU BELIEVE IN SIGNS? 
By L. F. Kneipp, Washington 


Upon some National Forest camp grdunds one, without moving in his tracks, 
can count a dézen or fifteen signs bearing injunctions regarding care with fire, 
good sanitary practices, promiscuous shooting, mutilation of trees or shrubs, 
washing in creeks or springs, ete., etc. Hoary Zeterans of the forest bear on 
their shaggy trunks entire series of large yellow posters, frescoed with red- 
letter slogans, and look like old men sporting fancifully decorated chest pro- 
tectors. Others contain two, three, or even four signs, sometimes of varied 
portent but often similar in subject if not in wording. 

The wide variety of Service signs frequently is supplemented by signs 
or posters of the State Game Departments, Sanitary Commissions, and other agen- 
cies. The result moves hardened veterans, such as the Chiefs of Lands in Dis- 
tricts 5 and 6, to loud outbirsts of disapproval and great activity in remov- 
ing some of the offending pasteboards, Anon, the official flivver is stopped 
at points along the road where the face of Nature is covered with a rash of 
vari-colored posters so numerous as to defeat the purpose they are designed to 
serve, Elsewhere, the same face is totally unmarred for miles and miles. 

The query presents itself: Is the sign and poster business being over- 
done? Or have we merely failed to develop the care and good taste essential 
for a proper use of this form of public education? 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


Isn't There a Good Idea Here? A New York State College of Agriculture press 
release of June 28, 1923, entitled "These Boys and Trees Will Grow Up Together,!! 
tells how in Canandaigua, N. Y., a troop of Boy Scouts has undertaken forest 
planting and improvement cuttings on 80 acres of abandoned farm land. The land 
has been leased for 10 years and will serve as a permanent camp site and a place 
for the practice of forestry. 

There is perhaps an idea here that might be worked out in somewhat dif- 
ferent form for Boy Scouts elsewhere, Why might not Boy Scouts froma city ob- 
tain permanent. camp grounds under an agreement with the owner by which they 
would plant land in need of reforestation, and also conduct operations for the 
improvement of existing stands, under some sort of agreement with the owner 
whereby receipts from cuttings and igierease in the value of the forest would be 
divided between the owner and the Scouts?--H.A.S. 


zon and Sparhawk Get Good Write-Up: The Lumber World Review in its issue of Sep- 
tember 25 had a ten-page review of Zon and Sparhawk's "Forest Resources of the | 


World," embellished with photographs not only of the two volumes but of the two 
authors as well. 


HOW TO HELP THE PRINTER 
(Reprinted from The Official Record) 


1, Manuscripts for the printer should be the first sheets of copy, not 
carbon copies. The first sheets are much plainer than the carbon copies, and 
the latter, being usually on thin paper, are hard to handle, 


Lie: 


ae ont 


2. All manuscript copy, including footnotes, ete., should be typed with 
the lines double spaced. It is very difficult to make legible editorial changes 
in single-spaced copy, and the printer objects to close-spaced copy. 

3. Have left-hand marein of at least an inch on all folios (pages). 
Margin at top approximately 1% inches. 

: 4, Do not allow paragraphs to run over from one manuscript folio (page) 
to another, but begin each new folio with a new paragraph. This will save mich 
cutting and pasting at the Printing Office before the "takes" are distribuved 
to different compositors. 

5. Tabular matter should be on separate sheets, as tables are not given 
to the same compositors as the text matter. 

6. Folios on which tables are typed should be not over 19. inches wide, 
as sheets wider than this cannot be conveniently handled by the compositor. il 

7. Bring the paragraph to a close at the point where the table is to be 
inserted, and continue, with a new paragraph, on a new folio. Then number all 
folios consecutively, including tables, in their proper position. 


How the Mighty Hath Fallen: Evan Kelley, the well-known bachelor of pencil fame, 
has at last taken a course in efficiency. The course is for life and is to be 

given by Mrs. Evan Kelley. The marriage took place on October 10. The Forest 

Service extends its heartiest congratulations and best wishes. 


FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONS 


Dr: Zon Makes Notable Contribution to Science: One of the first contributions ~ 
from the Lakes States Forest Experiment Station came, and rightly so, from 
Director Zon in the form of € talk before the Michigan Hardwood Lumber Manufac~ 
turers’ Association. This address, among other things, contained one partic- 
ular deduction which will endear itself to all who are acquainted with Dr. Zon 
and the Great American Game. However, despite Zon's eminence as a forester and 
his great experience with the Great American Game, it is hoped that his alle- 
gation will not prevent the field force from continuing its research activities 
to find the best way to handle the pasteboards. 

Dr. Zon's address will be found in the Hardwood Recon and the deduc- 
tion alluded to is: "It takes a jack Dae forty hi to reach its full size." 


DISTRICT d= NORTHERN pIsPRIC® 


Glaciers Found in the Bitterroot Range: In a recent trip of several days into 
the Bitterroot Range near the heads of Big Creek and Kootenai Creek, Theodore 
Shoemaker and K. D. Swan claim to have settled the question of whether or not 
there are active glaciers in the Bitterroots. On the northeast slope and near 
the summit of what is sometimes called the Heavenly Twins is a real glacier 
about one-quarter mile in length and several hundred feet in width. An immense 
moraine of comparatively recent origin forms a half circle around the lower side 
and both ends of the glacier. It is now distant some four or five hundred feet 
from the present edge of the zee, indicating that the glacier is receding quite 
ea a 

Two smaller Mlagieue are: found within a half mile to the eastward toward 
St. Mary's Peak, all draining into Kootenai Creek. ‘What appeared to be a gla- 
cier of considerable size was also observed on the east slope of Castle Crags 
some five or six miles farther south. A good many photographs were taken for 
use in illustrating an article on that region. 


Are Pine Squirrels Carnivorous? "Having spent some time watching pine squir- 


rels feeding, I find they are net strict vegetarians as I had always supposed. 

"The first case that came to my notice was at the Foxpark Ranger Station 
where I saw one tearing the dried tissues from what appeared to be the shoulder 
blade of a cow or horse. ‘On first noticing it I thought it was eating lichens 
from a rock so I became interested and watched it until a pair of angry robins 
pat it to flight and then I discovered the truth. Later the same day while on 
lookout at Somber Hill I saw another squirrel eating lichens from a rock; watch- 
ing it further I saw it take on a feed of considerable proportions from plants 
and grasses which I could not fully identify. Then for a chaser it picked up . 
some twelve or fifteen small red ants and then, as if to take the taste from 
i¢s mouth or put out the fire, it picked up 4 perfectly dry piece of wood and 
ate off of it for a time. 


Be. 


“J would like to hear from some one else-regarding the habits of these 
squirrels," 
Guard Geo, Howard, Medicine Bow, 


The above article in the District 2 Bulletin came to my attention two 
or three days after I had been told of another incident in support of the con-. 
tention of Mr, Howard that pine squirrels are sometimes carnivorous. 

While at Seely Lake recently, Mr. Frank Borg, a jeweler at Missoula, 
told me that he had just seen a pine squirrel catch, kill, and devour a young 
robin, William Dickinson, a business man of Missoula, who was with Borg, stated 
that he had seen the squirrel consuming the robin after it was killed. 

I, like Mr, Howard, had always supposed that pine squirrels were 100 
per cent herbivorous, but Borg and Dickinson are men whose word cannot reason- | 
ably be questioned, and they were entirely sure of the facts as stated.--I | 
should like very mech to see further comment from anyone who has made similar 
observations.--Fred Morrell, 


DISTRICT 2 — ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Boys! and Girls!’ Forestry Club: One of the most interesting features of the 
1923 Colorado State Fair was the boys' and girls’ club work. These clubs are 
organized for the purpose of studying the problems which are of greatest im- 
portance in individual rural communities of the State. Demonstrations are given 
every year at the fair of the lines studied by each kind of club during the 
preceding year, Of special interest to the Forest Service is the work of the 

- €restone Forestry Club which, this year, was represented by a team of two girls, 

At their demonstration, they identified a number of poisonous range 

plants, explained how they could be recognized, and told as much as they had 
been able to learn from authoritative publications about the effect of these 
plants on livestock, how to recognize the symptoms and give relief to the 
stricken animals, In addition, they explained the method of fire protection 
organization which is in effect on the National Forests of Colorado and the 
place which should be filled by the average citizen. They showed a very good 
conception of the subject with which they dealt and indicated to those inter- 
ested in forestry the value of this means of securing a public understanding 
of the work and aims of those concerned with the perpetuation of the Forests 
in this region. 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


A Change of Views: From time to time the District has received numerous peti- 
tions requesting eliminations from Forests. A petition has just been received 
signed by seventy-nine citizens in and around Willard, New Mexico, protesting 
against the elimination of the north end of the Gallinas Division. This peti- 
tion in part states: "Said Forest is a protection as a watershed to the sur- 
rounding country and is now beneficially used as grazing and timberland by the 
people of the community and the same is not suitable for homes or homesteads 
in any size tracts permitted by the laws of the United Statés, and that much 
other land is available and unused as homesteads for settlers on the public 
domain, and that the population of this country has steadily decreased over a 
period of many years, and for the further reason that homesteads taken up near 
the proposed elimination have been deserted or proven up on and mortgaged to 
the Government Land Banks or some one else." The vetition indicates that the 
settlers have begun to analyse the use which is being made of lands in their 
vicinity. Within a short distance of the proposed elimination a short time 
ago a similar petition was circulated advocating the elimination of lands of 
the same character and stating that to retain such lands in the National For- | 
est was preventing their highest use, It now appears, however, that the for- 
mer view is being abandoned, 


Timber in Mexicot The lumber industry of Mexico is of growing importance, but 
there is still room for development. According to the estimates of lumber 
producers and dealers, the production of lumber in Mexico is now approximately 
750,000,000 feet, It is predicted by some large lumber producers that the 
Mexican production will soon exceed the demand and that it will be necessary 
to engage in export, There are believed to exist in Mexico about two hundred 
varieties of wood, but by far the sreater part of these is of very small im- 
portance in the lumber industry. Pine is probably the most important wood, 
as it grows in a great many parts of the country, 

ye 


i iN ag RA RD oP, ary pS ne a 


The Forest Service at Raton: In cooperation with the Biological Survey and the 
Bureau of Public Roads, the Forest Service had an exhibit at the Northern New 
Mexico Fair at Raton on September 11-14. Messrs. Dwire of the Carson and Cook 
of the District office, who represented the Service, were atle to explain For- 
est Service work to a large and interested audience. The exhibit centered about 
a large model with painted backezround showing the results of forest fires. An- 
other interesting model showed a developed and undeveloped water hole, by the 
help of which the Forest Officers explained the advantages of range improve-— 
mezc. The remainder of the Forest Service exhibit consisted of pictures and 
charts showing forest activities. A feature of the exhibit was the free moving 
picture show which was each day given at a prominent place in town. The Bureau 
of Public Roads exhibited models of roads, charts and pictures, while one of 
the interesting features of the Biological Survey was a live collection of New 
Mexico rodents. Both of these bureaus were ably represented. 


DISTRICT 4 — INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Asven Lookins Up; All of the central Utah Forests are blessed, or cursed, with 
vast amounts of aspen timber. There never has been much sale for this class 

of material, although at one time, about ten years ago, there was a big demand 
for aspen mine props which later practically disappeared. Now there is a prop- 
osition on foot for making fruit baskets for the central Utah fruit growing re- 
gion, from aspen to be secured from the Uinta and perhaps the Manti National 
Forests. Several test baskets have been made up, using aspen veneer which has 
been cut in the east from Utah logs as an experiment. These baskets are very 
satisfactory and it seems probable that a small fruit basket factory will be 
established in Springville, Utah. The plan is to make the heavier parts of 

the baskets, and also fruit boxes, from the veneer cores. There is a small 
excelsior factory now in operation in Sait Lake City which is using aspen from 
several of the central Utah National Forests. We can suerantee a long life to 
both of these industries, as we can undoubtedly grow aspen about a hundred times 
as fast as they can cut it, unless they set too prosperous. 


Timpanoesos Cave: A legal battle is brewing over Timpanogos Cave, the final 
round being set in November. The area upon which Timpanogos Cave is located 

is covered by several mining claims. It is generally believed that the claims 
themselves do not amount to much and that their chief value lics in their con- 
trol of the cave. Although this cave has been made a National Monument, the 
action was later than the filing of the mining claims, which constitutes a prior 
right if they prove to be valid claims. There is a great deal of local feel- 
ing in the matter, as the public feels that this wonderful cave should not fall 
into private ownership on account of its being upon a mining claim. 


DISTRICT 5 — CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Fire Prevention Signs on Trains: Through the cooperation of the Southern Pacif- 


ic Railway Company, five signs are now to be found in all smoking and observa- 
tion cars throughout the system. These signs, which are neatly framed and prom- 
inently displayed, read as follows: 


"Help Prevent FIRE. Do Not Throw Burning Tobacco 
or Matches Out of Open Car Windows or Doors or from 
Platforms of Trains." 


Stovepipes and Lischtning: It is a good thing to keep stovepipes away from tel- 
ephone lines. During 2 heavy electrical storm in the Bogard District tne lat— 
ter part of August, a tree was struck by lightning, upon which a selevhone Line 
bracket was fastened. The lightning left the tree and followed the teleninonn 
line to the Bogard Station cabin where it blew the fuse into a thousand pieces, 
weided the block in the protector and burned out an extension beil. A few days 
before the storm a tent had been put up near the line, the stovepipe being with- 
in about five feet of the wire. A portion of the electric charge evidently 
jumped from the telephone line to the stovepipe. One of the road crew was sit-— 
ting with his knees against the hearth of the stove and received a shock that 
threw him six feet from the stove. The stroke seemed to have connected up with 


Dit 


his legs where they were resting against the stove. A red streak extending = 
from his knees to the soles of his feet was the only scar made. The man suf-) 
fered great pain in his legs for. several hours but was able to fight fire the © 
next da; Bgl GDh Lassen. 


Slash Disposal Experiment on Stanislaus: The siash disposal experiment on the ~ 
Standard Lumber Company sale of the ¢ Stanislaus, where intensive fire protection 
has been substituted for piling and burning the brush has been quite successful 
this season. : ; 

The protection force has comprised one lookout and two patrolmen. Two 
men have been employed throughout the season to »pile brush on a strip about 100 
feet in width above and parallel to the railroad, The brush on this strip will 
be burned this fall. These brush pilers have also cleared fire lines from 4 to 
8 feet in width along donkey trails so that ve logged off area is divided into 
blocks ten acres and less in area, 

There were seven fires on the sale area this season. With the exception 
of a 10-minute get-away in one case, this record varied from less than 1 to 5 
minutes, The record of travel time ranged from 1 minute to e2 minutes. Control 
record varied from 4 manatee to 1 hour and 22 minutes. Five of the fires com- 
.prised a total of about 5,000 square feet. The sixth covered about 1/10 acre 
.and the seventh ij2 acre. The total burned area was a little less than 3/4 of 
an acre, - 
Scaler Villiam 5. Price, who has had charze of this sale, reports that the 
Evinrude pump proved to be very effective in control work on three of the fires, 
One of the fires was controlled very readily and two of them were completely ex 
tinguished by means of the Evinrude. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


They are Seeing a Licht: In the box of. one brand of matches of the Diamond Match 
Company there is nowy carried a cardboard slip on each end of which this appears: 

"Never Neglect Precautions. Put Out Your Matches and Your Smokes Before 
Throwing Them Away." 


Bulletins in Demand! At the State fairs at Yakima, Wash., and Salem, Ore., this 
year 90 persons left their names and addresses in a National Forest register in ~ 
the Department exhibit requesting that copies of 235 different Farmers' Bulle- 
tins be sent them. 


More of This is Needed: Through the efforts of Ranger J. W. Lundin, the McClelle 
Hotel at North Bend, Wash., is.carrying this year on its stationery and envelope 
a rubber stamp reading: "Leave a Clean Camo and a Dead Fire," 


alletinr| 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


We NOL. VILL Now ..45, .: .. Washington, D, C. : November 12, 1923,.- 


- ARE fis. PROUD OF OUR GRAZING RECORD? 
By apaatey, F., Wilson, Pe 


In contrast re our eal comes stories. on. howe tees won-the 
confidence of the western stockmen and why we, should administer the Public 
. Domain, BE; L. Perry's article in the Service Bulletin of September i is 
distinctly refreshing 
One of my Laeigees Forest Service recollections is the statement of 
a@ grazing permittee that "The. Forest Service would be all ica if it would 
only enforce its own regulations," his truce, 
Take our: trespass, procedure as the horrible example. . After.a few 
years! experience. vith ; grazing trespass and contact with other field men 
i having similar experionee,. one must inevitably become. impressed with two 
facts: that..the trespass. situation is. a serious proposition: both as it af- 
fects the forest user and our. own personnel, ane that our Pan rey. is) woetul ly 
. weak and inadequate. | 
Some of us. delude a meeret, into ; thinking that the seo eganies of foe 
pass is greatly exaggerated by the field man and cite: records to show, that 
the number of: stock found in trespass over a period of years is very small 
as. compared , with the. numoer’ srazed under permit. during the same period, The 
fact is overlooked that. only. a small, portion.of the. trespassing stock is ever 
reported, At best it 4s impossible to catch every offender every time.  Un- 
der present’ procedure a trespass case is an expensive luxury and no. Ranger 
district.or Forest can afford to have many -important.cases if much other work 
is to be accomplished, .A-rough estimate of the expense on a. small case 
started on this Forest leat October and stiil pending shows $300 real money 
spent , 1,100 miles traveled, and more than 30 da ays of ranger time used, No 
District office expense counted, Profitable results to date - none, And | 
then we talk about pencil waste! Under present procedure we actually have © 
‘not the time nor the money to push even those cases vith which we can catch. 
up, After a few disastrous experiences: it is a little hard to have the in- 
clination, Even if the amount of unpunished trespass was as small as some 
think it, the matter would still be of great. imoortance' because of its ef—. 
fect upon other permittees and upon the Service personnel. 
In my opinion Perry scored heavily in his remarks on the collection 
‘of evidence,.. There are times when, with the aid.of a little luck, we can se- 
cure all of the evidence needed, but,I can pick from the files cases against 
really shrewd offenders (vhom no-one can doubt. are guilty) where I will defy 
anyone to shgw how sufficient.evidence of the kind demanded could have been 
obtained without the expenditure . of a great deal more money than the Forest 
Service has’ ,to’ spend. 
In’ the’ main, trespassing has paia the preee eter and continues to dq. 
so. In the nature of things he.can only be caught cecasionally. Actual dam- 
aces for ‘the number ef stock for the periods we can prove trcspass amount. to 
less than the grazing fees for the stock and. periods actually grazed, Often 
he grazes numbers of ;stock which could not be permitted and on a ranze where 
they could not be allowed, If he trespasses because he is badly in need of 
range he can afford to pay. some punitive damages if he has to (it is at least 
a sporting chance that: he will not) and still come: out: ahcad. » Due to our: 
mavkish reluctance to be severe with the. trespasser, the square permittec, 
whose renge*he eats out, has virtue for: his. only reward. 


mae 


My.voirit is that the present trespass policv is unsatisfactory, inad- 


- -’ 


¢) ecuate, and unsuccessfil, A great many field mon are aizgustecd, Miche st- 0s 
cannot, see why. Which are at fsult is Only Ot umtercs’ tu) seckine a Womecy, 
What I wish to question is why we néed to £9 to Sh (exeept ix by somite: 
and large damare cases, and why we must insist upon pichinn- our own Gila wi 
It i 


we attemot administrative action. Sure and Ld ermake sre 
minor offenses and promot revocation of permit for flagra ant 
made to solve our problem, Why do business vith people who won't play f fair? 

Suppose we waid to cach permittee at the beginning of the grezing sea 
son: "Here is your. permit for so many head of stock, For your protection we 
are going to make war on the tresvasser, We can't check up on all of them 
at once, but just as soon 4s we find anyone with an unreasonable amount of 
excess, Stock we are goine to cancel his permit and make him move his stock," 
supoose we caucht uo with only three or four of such cases per year per For- 
est (this would not be difficult where I have worked) but in ecavh case made 
our word good, How long would it take to clean up the trespass tangle? 

I am not stirred up over some one particular trespass case. My views 
are cutmlative since 1914 .on.two Forests. I can go to either the open or 
“elosed files here and find a number of cases that we would all like to hide, 


Ask any: Ranger! 


nes ‘Boutae be 


CONTACTS. _.. 
> By R. D, “Forbes, Southern Forest Experiment station 


An experiment station, eel a. eee child, es popularly expeeten to be 
seen but not heard... Research Men. 8h .uRey appear in the movies at all, fig- 
ure as pale :recluses ‘in a-laboratory... But since modern children are no lone- 

‘ef good, and because the movie industry holds all American records for lying, 
the Southern, Forest Experiment Station refuses tc conform to typé. Compared 
with the contacts which the average National Forest orzanization has with any~ 

“‘““thing but the local public, we think our outside interests fairly broad, and 
mean to. increase their breadth. They need to be broad, for in our territory 
‘of :1100:, by. 400- miles: there..is probably less than one per cent ofthe land 
“in publsc:-oynership, -.To- learn things: that will be applied on only one: acre 
-oub of-avhundred does: not: appeal to us. as the metene of eee We pace 
“obo GO Bet Ter yi eth ak : 

iors Der ot rwe mast: learn, tales ett iseperecr ee To this end: We now ‘have a 
trained man more or: less permanently | located at each of three ‘field’ stations. 
Here ‘are our first contacts with the public. . At Starke, Florida, ‘wo “have a 
. 5-year, aereement to: work a thousand . slash pine treés in a private turpentine 
otchard: under any experimental methods we ‘like, turning ‘the gum over ‘td: the 
‘timber owner, On SO0O.longleaf trees:in ano ther private orchard ve, Have 4 re 
4-year asreement, At Urania, Louisiana, we have, ye deen ‘given’ a souydar 
‘ease on:1,500 acres; of private aad, od the owne Seen a throgn ‘in fire patrol 
for good.measure, At Bezalusa, Louisiana, we are ae lesotiatinge a lease on 
200 acres, with the promise, of ‘more, if we want it, Aevoss tne Pearl River 
in Mississippi 65 head of cattle belongigg to another bureau cf the Depart= 
ment of Asriculture graze on a lease of ours under cooperative asretment, 

Heré are’ relationships whose. value eannot be cyerrated, ’ Those who have en- | 
tered into leases, afsreoments, or enya? a atia n with us are our friends and will 
_prozit by what we learn, \, A A 

» |. In. the: mearwhile,. our headquarters tries: to, keep. in touch with the 
world that: owns the S99 per-.cent. of. Southey aly forest’ land, : Already thé world 
begins ‘to’ seek US»... Inside. of half. an hour the other morning four different 


parties rang us up to know a and what the Sitereaves. National Forest. is. 


They had read of. its having a turpentine ‘lease to offer and ‘knew we could tell 
“them something | about Lt. The Delgado Trates' School of New Orleans is plan- 
ming to.put. in. some.mad lern dry kilns under the direction of the Forest Prod- 
ucts Laboratory, and:ovt of their action. may: 2row cooperation with the Lahor- 
atory which will be of enduring value to “the South's: lumber industry. It 
ju" mas the ‘Experiment Station that. interested’ the school and the laboratory in 
gach other, From the Turpentine and Rosin Producers" Association and the 
-Geore *VasFlorida Savmill Association came ' ‘not tong azo simultancous appeals 
for aid against ‘a mysterious destroyer’ of. Standine timber “in Mississippi and 
in Florida, The men at Bogalusa and at S$t4rke investigated and reported; 


ee. 


ts 


"Bugs !" Now there is every prospect that the Burceu of Entomology will have 
a special man in the South this winter, and our cooperation in stamping out 
a serious and widespread beetle infestation is being sought and given, 

Thus are being built, quietly and enduringly, the contacts and the 
recognition which will eneile the Station in future years to devote nearly 
its whole time to its real job -— forest research. 


FOREST EDUCATIONAL WORK 

By y Charles H. Shinn, nn, D-5 
x te 
i One of the most important things in the daily work of a forest man 
is that of being a teacher and helper of young and old, Part of it often means 
Neetting into print” now and then. Shortsighted unimaginative people often 
think of this as merely advertising one!ls wares - Wsolling" forestry, with 
biz headlines and a brass band. The main objection to that sort of putlicity 
is not that it is cheap and vulgar, but that it always does harm, both to the 
individual and to the cause. 

The most valuable publicity work is rooted in knowledge of your sub- 
gect, of the people of your community and of the scbjects to be attained. 

Every forest officer is doing it more or less all the time without knowing 
that it is publicity, 

Let us first mention newspaper items. All of us can furnish them to 
whoever writes such items for print, but they mst be done rightly. Suppease, 
for instance, that I am at Auberry with the Supervisor, and I hand in this 
as an Auberry news item: "The Forest Supervisor was in town yesterday." This 
item is worse than useless; it tells nothing worth noting. But suppose the 
item says: "Forest Supervisor was in Auberry on June 1 with Mr. Peter- 
son, millman of , on their way to the advertised timber ncar Dawn, where 
about four million feet of timber on acres has been put on the market,!! 

Never write an item for print without thinking first of the fellow who 
reads it. Give him the facts in plain English, 

The busy Ranzer does not write so many news items in a year, He meets 
strancers, and if he is chock full of love for and knowledze of the region, 
he instinctively tells them just what they wish tc know; he becomes "guide 
philosopher and friend" so that he puts over his knowledge and ideas, and for 
years to come these strangers spread abroad that Ranger's ideas to the very 
ends of the earth. In order to do this, the great thing is to be an all- 
around man, well posted and absolutely devoted to the work =- hence such 
"schools" as the one on the Sierra each winter, 

Further, suppose that a Ranzer knows, likes and is in touch with the 
children of his neighborhood, drops into the schoolhouse now and then for a 
little talk. He can-start ever so many children on the richt road, not only 
in the principles cf. forest development and protection, but in iedowlede 26 OL 
the trees, shrubs, flowers, birds, animals and all sorts of worth while out- 
door things - can start the school making collections and can make these young= 
sters the most useful friends of the whole Forest game, so that they really 
count it a privilege to live where they do. 


ON COLLECTING PLANT SPECIMENS 
By Leland S. Smitn, Modoc 


i After having spent a month in Washington on detail to the office of 
Grazing Studies, 1 feel that a few words an collecting plant specimens for 
identification will be opportune, 

* ‘I have noticed a number of the collections have been in excellent 
Shape, while a few have been very poor. I never realized before coming to 
Mashington how I might have expedited the handling and identification of my 
collecticns until I had worked for some time with Mr. Dayton. I have always 
tried to zet my plants in proper shape but when in a hurry, have not been as 
careful in pressing and taking care of the plants afterwards as I should have 
been, 

"What is true for my collections is likewise true for some of the col- 
| lecticns: I:‘have handled while here. In some cases it would appear that the 
collector's: aim has been merely to get a bunch of forage plants to send in 


aia 


—————————— 


felt that he had done all that should be required of him, with the 
the plants are poorly pressed, flowers are faded, broken or gone, and ac 
determination of species is rendered difficult. Even when this is not truco, 
it is often found that plans specimens are meager, essential parts are lack- 
ing, and Forms 767 imperfectly or improperly filled out. This not oniy les~ 
sens the value of such specimens but necessitates extra work on “he part of 
the Washington office force and the persons making the identixications, This 
extra work in the Washington office is largely responsible for tne delay in ree 
porting on plants and publishing of notes. Any time saved reacts to the bene- 
fit of 'the collector, 

he need for uniformity in methods of collectinz, pressing, and assemb- 
ling plant collections by field officers is not realized by many collectors. 
I believe much time could be saved here, and the needs of the field men and 
District offices more fully taken care of, if definite instructions were in- 
cluded in the Manual prescribing in detail how plant material should be taken 
care of, and what material should be sent in, By this means only properly 
pressed specimens, consisting of plants with. roots, as well as stalks and 


for identification and, havin stuck them between blotters, he seems to have F 
N ; 
c 


flowers or fruits or both, would be sent in. 


It may be said that Forest officers already have sug-estions and in-~ 
structions on collections and preparation of material, but such "instructions" 
are in the files and are not mandatory. I feel that instructions in regard 
to plant collections should properly be in the Manual where they may be rcad- 


ily referred to, 


NOTES ON FOREST ROADS AND TRAILS 
By T, W. Norcross’, Washineton Office 


Using information furnished by the District Foresters and obtained from 
other sources, considerable data on the Forest Road and Trail work have been 
compiled and are now available for use, At more or less regular intervals, 
extracts will be inserted in the Bulletin. < 

In the opinion: of.the District Foresters the Forest Road System should 
be 35,320 miles in length. Trails ageregating 36,279 miles‘in length are con 
sidered necessary. Of the Forest Roads, 13,507 miles or 38 per cent should be 
placed in the Forest Highway Class. The remainder will then be in the Devel- 
opment Class. The estimated cost of completing the construction and improve 
ment of Forest Highways up to the required standard is $119,846,912; for For- 
est Develcoment Roeds $47,345,054 and for Trails $10,700,347, thus making a 
total of $177,892,314 to complete the system of roads’ and irails which is 
needed now or will be needed within 10 years. 


“kK oe kK ke 


\ 


ye tos TRY: THIS Cl YOUR -PIANOLA 


(Tune: My’ Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean) 


'My-tY¥pust: 16 ol how wacwiszona, 
My trpist's awau frre a week, 
My trpudt us in hwr vaca-71on. 
Weile thse adam kcws play nudse and seek, 


Cjoras: 


"Oy, breng boxk, bting bzek, 
Brung becj mu bOnnie ti my, tp mr; 
B(&éne béxj, bérsh, dieox, 
Pjing bozk wm beinino-o mx; Ch 
Helk?" 


--Disston Crucibls. 


es 


pease: 


7 


‘WASHINGTON NOTES 


Mattoon Giving Flantatic. Demonstrations in the South: W. R, Mattoon of For- 
est egencae is now in the South supervising the establishment of about 15 
demonstration plantations of slash pine seedlings in Georgia and South Carolina, 
Thrust ie) Cb) Peron ecsta tien appeals strongly to landowners in the South because 
it promises profitable utilization of large areas of land now idte,. 

The boll weevil’ and a shortage of labor have caused ebandonment of 
thousands of acres of cotton land, most of which has thin soil but which is 
well adazted to the rapid growth of southern pines. It is recognized by jand~ 
owners that no labor is involved, comparatively speaking, after the ercp of 
pines is once planted, 

These plantations in all cases are to be located along public road 
where they will be of the sreatest value from an educational standpoint. Seed- 
beds for srowifg seedlings of shortleaf, loblolly, and slash pines are 4 
be established. Al of Mr, Mattoon!s work will be done in cooperation with 
State Colleses of Agriculture and their extension forces, 


~ 


Comoilation: “compilation,” the gathering together of material borrowed or 


transcribed from manuscripts or books written by others 

bid you ever write a report on some silvical ee gather a Lot of fie- 
ures, or in other ways prepare some data of which you. have lost all record? if 
so, the chances are that this report is now hibernating in the Comp2z ubati cs fe ves 


We 


in Washinston. Shouid you need it and are able to tell us just what subject it 
y 


Was wristen-upon and its approximate date, it would be relatively easy to fin 


it, Some 15,000 or more manuscripts, reports, and tabular material of ail kinds 


are now earefully filed in the Compilation archives and are constantly being 
referred to by members of the Service who desire to know such things as "Have 
you a translation of Mayr's Waldbau?" These manuscripts and reports ccver prac 
tically every species and every subject. in the range of forestry topics from 
sowineg.seed to a survey cf the timber resources of 2 State, and include reports 
dating back as far as 1905, as well as of 1923. They include those written by 
forest euards as well as by the Forester, and by men in Florida as well as in 

aa SO.) 26. you heve occasion, to need one, of your old reports and are un- 


f.4 zt ska J 


able to find, it. among the local records, you now know where it might. be found,-- 
E.N.M. Hin acura 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


Apole Box Exhibit; An exhibit showine important principles in apple box design, 
which is to be installed by officers of the Crater National Forest in the new 
permanent forestry building at the Medford, Gregor, fair grounds, was recently 
prepered by the Laboratory... 

This exhibit consisted in part of seven standard sized. apple boxes of 
different designs showing, by means cf charts attached to each box, the influ- 
ence of various details of design on their relative serviceability. The com- 
parisons shown on these charts were based on the results of previous tests of 
apple boxes made at the Laboratory in cooperation with the Western Pine Manu- 


7 


, 
ac velar CLS BS 5x Qemac HON 


Getting Worried About the Sawdust Cattle Feed: The news stories about saydust 
for cattle are worrying some of our farmer friends, Here is what ome man wrote 
$o District 5: "Since reading that articie it seems to me there is no need of 
experimenting on sawdust when all grains grow in abundanze ESprhane uke 
should grow for the use of focd, There is no doubt that eli those aduitrations 
are ingenerous both to pelple and stock. We c&én not afford to nay « fency price 
for sawoust and loose our stock also study out how “hat kind of fesd eifects 
them before you see it go on the market, Hoping you will take this up for the 
benefits of the farmer,!! 

Other farmers occasionally make inyuivies about a nearby pile of sawdust 
they want to convert into usable feed, 


5 i 


FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONS 


_. wplate Forest Research: It will probably cause some surprise to many in the Servay 
ree to know that forest research is beine carried on by many State arricultural | 
collezes, including a number of the forest schools conducted in connection with § 
these institutions. The Department of Agriculture has just issued a summary of 
these projects which shows that there are something like 82 projects in 20 States, 


These projects are divided into the followine fields: 


Basket Willows: Alaska, Oklahoma, Michigan. 

woodlots: Pennsylvania, Ohio (2), Iowa (2), Idaho, 

Grazing and Fire Damaze: Iowa (2), Louisiana (2). 

thinnings: New Hampshire, New York, 

Yields and Volume: New York, California (3), Minnesota. | 

Nursery Practice: Iowa, Kansas, New York, Ohio. 7 

Plantings! Mississippi, Ohio (3), Iowa (9), Minnesota, California, North 
Dakota, Porto Rico, Montana, Idaho, Michigan, Pennsylvania, 
Texas, Kansas (2), New Hampshire (2), South Carolina. 

Natura] Reproduction: Vermont, Iowa, South Carolina, Michigan. 

Windbreaks: North Dakota, Michigan, Minnesota (4), Ohio (2). 

_ Cutover Lands: Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, 
Lumbering: California. 
Wood and Products: Iowa, Idaho, Pennsylvania, Colorado, Cklahoma, Minne- 
sota (3); California (2). 

Silvics: Pennsylvania (2), Minnesota (3), Vermont, New York (2), Cali- 

fornia, Maryland, Iowa, 


New Hampshire Forest Protection Socicty Approves New Staticn: At its annual 
meeting at Plymouth, New Hampshire, on September 5 the Society for the Protec- 
tion of New Hampshire Forests passed a resolution expressing its satisfaction 
with the increased opportunities for progress in forest research offered by the 
recent establishment of the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 

The society pledged cooperation to the station and ursed its enlargement 
adequately to solve the immediate and pressing forestry prodiems and also advo- 
cated a representative Forest Research Council which will act in an advisory 
eapacity with the Experiment Station and other forest research agencies in the 


region, 
DISTRICT 1 ~ NORTHERN DISTRICT 


The Cost of Held Fire Line: Three years’ accumulation of data on the cost per. 
chain of held fire line has just been compiled. The term "held line" refers to 
line which was actually constructed and successfully hold. While the data are 
probably insufficient to be fully convincine they seem to point to the follow- 
ine conclusions: 


1. In general in this rezion on areas not previously burned, the unit 
cost of fire line is proportional to the density and volume of the timber stand. 

2. Old burns give the highest cost per unit of held line of any type for 
which a good record is available. 

3. The cost of held line in D-1 is, and will continue to be, relatively 
hich because a large percentace of its fires occur in old burns and in the white 
pine type. 

4. For all types an averare of 67 per cent of the cost of held line is 
incurred prior to control of the fire. 

6. Costs expressed in dollars are of little value for comparative pur- 
poses because of the fluctuation of the purchasing power of the dollar. Costs 
expressed in man hours are much better. 

6. Considering the amount of labor involved in the construction of a 
chain of fire line it appears that the indicated costs are excessive and that 
it should be possible to reduce them by good administfation, 


DISTRICT 2 = ROCKY IN DISTRICT 


Siens of Puolic Cooperation: Incidents are occurring from time to time which 
&0 to show that public cooperation in fire suppression is gaining in size and 
momentum like a snowball, It will not be lone before we have the public in 
the vicinity of the National Forests as enthusiastic about the fire prevention 
game as arc the Forest officers themselves. 

st incident of this kind to come to our notice: Some time azo 


The late 
Mr, W. D. Beardshear, Woods Suverintendent for the Homestake Minines Company, 


aeombe ile along a highway in the Forest, accompanied by a 
1 from one of the Interior Department Bureaus. 
officer thoughtlessly threw away a. cigarctte 

Beardshear promotly slemmcd on the brakes and began - 

ial inguired tne reason for llis action. Bearcshear saic 
t became of that cigasette you just threw aways i coule 
nt on to town without making sure that i$ is not going to 

Start avfire." | The icial was quite norplussed end said that he had throw: 
|) away the cigarette without a single thcught as to the consequences that might 
anise sic such an action, He praised Mr, Beardshear for his thoughtiulnaces, 
made a resolution never to do such a thing again, and sxid he would immediately 
ircularize all men employed under him in Government work calling their atien- 
sion to the need for care with fire in the Forest, and particularly care with 
eir tobacco, 
oF Many Black Hills residents are now making it a practice to carry a can 
or tin box fastened in the car just under the driver's scat whore they deposit 
ashes and cigar and cigarctte stubs, matches, ctc., when smoking while driving. 
These signs that the public is wakinz up to the faci that fire preven- 

everyone's wusiness show that our fire propaganda is getting across 

a big incentive for more strenuous werk in that dizection,—--G.A.D. 


Was Orivine (in his 
Government officia 
The Government without Pipst 
extinouisnine er Cir 
backins up. Mr. Offi 
fT am roine to see whe 
not rest casy if I wen 
9) 


QO 


Department of Agriculture Bxhibit at Colovado State Fair! The Forest Service was 
Sepresenieaiat the fair by “an exilbit oreseited 2n, eoupezation with the Bureau 
of Fublic Roads and the Bureau cf Animal Industry. The Forest Service concen- 
vrated its efiorts on a fire exhibit, <A canvas painting which was loaned vo us 
by D-5 was shown with a natural forest built up in front of it. Qn one side of 
the trail was a protected forest showing a sreat number of advantages which come 
firsm the presence of green timber and on the other side of the trail wes a for- 
est depleted by fire, ac contrast seemed to iinoress the spectators who, judg- 
ing fron their comments, carried ayay the very definite idea that they could 

not have what was shown on one side if they were willing to permit what was 


shown on the other, 


DIStRIOn 3 — SOUTEFESTERN DISTRTOT. 


Coconins Makes Lar: Sree Sale of Timber: Contracts have been approved for the sale 


J lant 

of the Dairy Spring Uait and Sawmill Sprang and Morman Lake Units of timber on 
the Coconino to the Flagstaff Lumber Company, The estimated amount to he cut 
under the first contract is five millicn end under the sccond bi million fect 
B,.M. of western yellow pire. The stumpace price is $2.25 per Me Cthiing on the 


former “nit commenced some time ago uncer an emerzoncy agreement. 
main line logzing railroad haul for these units is thirty miles anid 52 1 ‘AiG “of 
POUrSawele WE noquived, “The annual cubis sieurcd et iG million feet.) Two ten 
are required to Handle the operation for the Womess, service. The) western yellow 
pine marking ruies wiil apply. 

Brush cisposeal varies somewhat from any Gcl 
Cervo Mace. \banmvy per cent of the brush.is to. be 
as to be lopped and scattered, it is planned and. provides in the contr 

cnt 3 


the areas woon whicn most of the remaining yoaich means 
Several sectaous..wiel) be Broken up byyfire ne upon whiel 1e (Timber (is piled 
end burned Exeéept for fhe fare Lines,.the ‘ of the area 

t the rat 


Will not be toucked. ; igs) 
Of 25¢ persM feat Tor the tinbet cat fram the area, walen fund! will be used 
the Forest Service vor Be wes years an 
Nee of ie PMD Sie os Leth SC 
7 experi ntal in this Dist 


c 


Weeks Law Aid for New Mexico: As 2 result of negotiations covering several 
vears, the Secretary has signed 4a 


1 cooperative agreement with the State ov New 
Mexico under the Weeks Law for Federal cooperation in the protectivur of State 
lands from fire. While the agreement specifies no set aiouas, 1% 26 antici- 
pated that under the present fire protection system the State will receive 
about $800 per year under this agreement. The total cost to the State of their 
fire protection system (which is handled by a flat rate cooperative agreement 


executed last summer with D-3) is $2,762. 


Takin Wood Without Permit Comes Hizh: To the Datil belongs the honor for the 
first conviction under the State law for stealing wood from the Forest. On 
Saturday D., J. Jones of Magdalena was fined $25.00 and costs for stealing one 
load of wood from the Patil National Forest, The fine was suspended, since 
this was the first case in Magdalena. 


Menzano Votes for Fabrics: Supervisor Kartchner of the Manzano says, "I'm off 
cord tires for mountain use and on roads used mostly by wagons on account of 
ruts, Tread is fine but bruises on.sides of tires blow out much sooner than 
when fabrics are used," This confirms a verdict reached in the California Dis= 


‘ triet some years ago after an exhaustive inquiry into the subject, 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERVMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


A Convert: Up in northern Idaho it used to be said that one of the most diffi- 
cult men the Forest Service has had to get alongs with was Captain Robert Dollar. 


‘He objected to the Forest Service, their methods, and everything about them, 


An Ex-District 1 man was quite astonished, therefore, when he read the follow- 
ing article in the last issue of "The Timberman," "Captain Robert Dollar, 
Eresident of the Portland Dollar Lumber Company, stated in 4 speech in San Fran- 
ciseo, 'I feel the time has come when the Government stiould step in and prescribe 
the conditions under which logzing should be carried forward to prevent need- 
less waste which has characterized it in the past. This waste must stop or. the 
country will wake up some day in the near future without any timber. Refores- 
tation must be carried forward. There is no time to lose,'!" 


Good Spirit: Assistant District Forester Ernest Winkler has been touring south- 
ern UtaH recently and holding meetings with the stockmen to discuss reductions 
for rauge protection, This is a difficult subject to arouse enthusiasm upon 
amonz the stockmen. Nevertheless, the four wool growers associations with 
which he conferred agreed to good suvstantial reductions in 1924 and 1925. 

This will do much to solve the problems of our utilization of the range that 


have not yielded to less drastic remedics. 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Sierra Leads West _in Power Development: Electric power sufficient for the needs 
of a million people was turned into the high power transmission lines leading 
into central and southern California when the eencrators of the giant hydro- 
electric plant in the Grand Canyon of the San Joaqjin River were recently 
switches on. <A total force of 105,000 horse power was hurled into the 220,000 
volt truosmission lines connecting the largest water driven electric power house 
in the Pecifie West with what is said to be the longest high power transmission 
the fourth unit brought into use in the Big 


line in the world. The plant is 
Creek-San Joaquin project of the Southern California Edison Company, located 


in the Sierra National Forest, 
The power from this plant will be distributed over some 300 cities, and 


is sufficient to accommodate 60,COO homes, 500 factories and to pump water for 
the irrigation of some 260,000 acres of land. 


Quick Action: On October 3 the lookout man on @at Mountain in the Saugus Dis- 
“rict of the Santa Barbara Forest reported a fire burning in a field at the 
sdge of the brush to the dispatcher at Newhall at 10 a,m, A fire guard was 
started at once, with the result that he put out the fire, arrested the man who 
started it and brought him into Judze Miller's court at Newhali, The judge 
heard the case and fined the man, who returned to his ranch at 10:30 a.m 


san 


———— 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential ) 


es Novemb Q Q 
———————— 


14S RESPONSIBILITY? 
By John iicLaren, D=e 


Reports from ilinnesota indicated a serious fire situation about the 
middle of Uctober. District Forester Peck and I went to Duluth, from which 
point we got in touch with Supervisors Marshall and Dahlgren and learned that 
all fires wery out or under control, the most serious fire on the National For- 

ests having covered 1,100 acres on the Superior. 

We spent the next week with Weeks Law Inspector Hoar looking over State 
fires. Part of the peat bog country was traversed where fires were damaging 
roads and killing acres of spruce and tamarack timber. At Beaudette on the 
international boundary, residents wer: ovenly advocating fires which they claim 
are an assct in clearing land and settlers can be induced to come in faster if 
large areas are burned over. 

Running fires were seen on several sides and close to Coleraine, but 
there seemsd to be no apprehension felt, At Cohasset fires had burned up to 
the buildings at the edge of town. ‘Whenever the wind whipped up the fire was 
fought half-heartedly, but as soon as it ceased all efforts were relaxed, At 

“wacr the citizens sent a call to St. Paul for th2 militia to come out and help 
cight fires in that vicinity. A State ranger made a night ride down there, 
round lots of fire, but it had rained a little and there wasn"t a man on tho 
job - overybody had gone to bed. 

Criminal apathy evsrywhars. The stage was all sat for a holocaust, loss 
of life and property. A few more dry days, alittle wind, and an army could 
not have stopped the fires. The "mental attitude" of tha people in ths cities 
&s well as in the country must be changed. Being burned out and burned up won't 
do it. Broadcast propaganda may help, but if every State and ¥edcral officer 
Will constitute himself a missionary with a determination to make a change in 
the present attitude, results will begin to be apparent. First, concsntrate on 
individuals, then on individual communities. Converts to fire protection can 
be secured if enough effort is made. Soon a part of the citizenry will enthusi- 
astically take up the "lead" and tha influencs will spread in rapidly widening 
circles. 

The present state of affairs should be a psrsonal affront to every State 
and Federal officer with a knowledge of conditions, It should be a matter of 
chagrin to sach such officer that with a personal responsibility for the protec- 
tion of public timber resources, to say nothing of iife and private property, 
we Still find much the same attitude toward fire which existed prior to the 1918 
horror. 

following the lines of lsast resistance, it is easy to damn the people 
ov their listiessness and indifference. Suppose a different slant is taken at 
1g mattcr. Presume the pecple hold this sentiment because they know no better, 
We ar2 presumed to have detailed Eppuledse of the situation from all its angles, 
W2 dad») Ruow Dotter. Then is there any reason why we should not accept the stigma 
fend tig blams? Is there any rsason why we should not personally, individually 
6nd collectively, say: i have failed to meet my responsibility? There is not ~- 
Gad when every forest officer takes home to himself the blams for a continuancs3 
of this intolorable situation and acts accordingly, there is going to be a re- 
versai of public epinion toward fire and an elimination of fire loss and damages, 


IN_RE_CHURISTABS TASES 


By ¢. Roeser, Jr., Fremont Sxperiment Station 


In passing through iJorth Park, Colorado Springs, last December, i was 
made aware of another phase of this Christmas tree proposition which I had not 
previously thought of. Like most other towns of any pretentions size, the 
headquarters town of the Pike gach year erects a community tree during the | 
holiday season. Contrary to usual custom, howsvar, a spruce tree about <0 ft. 
sigh and growing in the park was acting as the tree of honor, and I vas rather 

“puck with ths spectacle of a growing tree decorated with lights and sya- 
5oliszing Christmas chesr ané spirit. On inquiry I was informed that this trea 
yas transplanted the year before by the city for this purpose and was to bs 
uscd tous in the futuro. i 

It is not my intention to remark about the cutting and marketing of 
trees for uss in hom3s, since this matter has been plentesously discussed, i 
do think, howsver, that Colorado Springs has hit upon a scheme which is well 
worthy of emulation. Not all towns and cities have trees available or suitably 
located for this purpose, but there is no reason why the necessary steps cannot 
be taken to start such a tree by transplanting as soon as possible. I"m not 
only thinking of our 3ocky Mountain region, but of the large cities of the Mis- 
sissippi Valley and of the Zast. They all have convenient down town xtarks, or 
plazas; ond one species or another of coniferous treo can be selected for any 
given locality. 1 think a permanent, living, community Christmas tree is far 
more «avable of developing Christmas sentiment and interest than is a Specially 
constructed tree, as one often secs, or a tree brought in from some far off 
forest, man handled, as it were, dead, and ready for the city dump in a few 
Weeks « 

A friend of mine remarked as we passed the tree: "There's Colorado 
Springs for you. Putting out a little tree like that." Yes, but he forgot 
that it was a "living’ Christmas tree, a tree symbolic of what Christmas actu- 
ally means to most of us humble Americans who profess ourselves Christians, 

This is not meant for 2 sermon, but I believe that Colorado Springs is 
deserving of a bit of thanks for an unconscious, but nevertheless, real bit of 
forest conservation; meager in actual quantity, but immensely big in example. 


PURIST _FIRZS MADS TO 0 ADZ2 


~ 
sd 


By M. R. Brundage, Stanislaus 


A gentleman came into the Suvervisor's office the other day with the 
rollowing request: "I would like to gat about fifty small trees to be cut down, 
moved to a spot near the Brightman Flat Bridgs, stuck into the ground again, 
and burned." Orazy? Oh, no. Just the advance agent for Jess2 Laskey's Lovie 
Studios. Thay buy anything for the movies, and he was shopping for a forsst 
firs. He couldn't use any of the assorted conflagrations we had on hand, so he 
wanted the matsrials to make his own. The fifty-two trees were marked for re- 
moval, practically all fir and cedar from two to twelve inchos in diameter and 
ton to fifty feet high. Since it is rather difficult to scale timber of this 
size, the trees were charged for at Nmas tree rates ~- 15¢ each up to twenty- 
five feet high and 25¢ each for trees over 25 ft. in height. The total values 
amounted to $8.70. Logging will be done mainly by means of man power from 
stump to road, thence by auto truck to the setting for the thrilling melodrama, 
Trees lifted bodily, limbs and all, to the shoulders of a dozen brawny men and 
carried from the forest with the tender solicitude of a mothor for her babs. 
MHJag'S method of logging that ought to satisfy even the Office of Research. 

The story to be filmed requires a rocky stream, a narrow bridge, and a 
roaring forest fire. The bridge across the iiiddle Zork Stanislaus River, with 
its background of jagged ridges and heavy patches of timber, saemed to fill 
part of the requirements, but there was only a thick patch of scrubby manzanita 
24d @ couple of large yellow pines on ogither edgs of the road in the foreground 
waich would not look at all terrorizing to the average movie fan when flashed 
all aflaw: on the silver shset, so the forest just had to be built up. The 
large trees will b2 wrapped in asbestos to the first limbs to avoid damage. 

a fire liae thirty feet wida has been cut through the brush and fire extin- 
suishing appliances of every description will bs on hand to prevent the flame, 
which will last about two minutes, from gotting away. MTwanty-five bales of 
excelsior will bs the principal source of flame and smoke while the camara man 
turn their cranks. Just what the plot is wa don't know, but the title is "The 
Maming Barrier," and there arg numgrous fire enginss, villains, heroes and 
heroines mixed up in it. 


-2- 


Wedura, to wit: we can make out a fire report for =) 
xact acreage burned, tno exact amonnt of demage, Aa sialaeata. 
time, the length of fire line and all the rest of Pan Ae 
and the report will be 100 per cent correct. We also ¢.é it is dis- 
tinctive to sell ¥mas trees in September and wa now put in our formal appli- 
gation for the iverlastine Platinum Fointsd "Kelley Peneil" as tae Grand Prize 
wictiess in fa) collectize damoges for burning of young growth under le inches; 
(b} ecilecting damages BRAS the trees are destroyed, and (c) preventing fire 
scars on raswre troes by tae use of asbestos. 


Fill your 2yrenes with water, boys, and let ‘er go aHoad--ly. 


HOW CLOSE SEOULD A2ANGS BS UTILIZ2D BY Tid SLOS3 GP SHI GiaciNG SIASON? 
BY a due See Great Basin Bxperiment Station 


How many can answer this question and know whereof they speak? The 
grazing meeting at Ogden last larch expressed itself on this point to the ef- 
feet that an average of from 10 to 25 per cent of a crop of the palatable 
spx-ias, evenly distributed, should be left at the end of the grazing season 
in ihe average year. ‘The comsittee that presented tho resolution, who thought 
thes knew something about it, hed criginally placed the figure at 10 to 15 per 
cast, This was amended on the floor of the meeting to read 10 to £5 per cent, 
ed with few, if any, dissenting opinions. 15 was recognized that the 
i ficure was to apply to range areas in need of improvement where the 
Species were oe highly resistant to grazing, or in places ce ‘there was an 
srosion problem. his is undoubtedly a safe standard with sufficient loeway 
to mcet most a Cassese 

Later ths Assistant District Foresters in charge of grazing in the vari- 
ous Districts qusstionca th: wisdom of the abova decision as a whole and pro- 


posed t: change this standard to 10 to 25 per cent of the heroaceous vegeta- 
plane oe th: proviso, however, that "25 per cent of. the pala table species 
bs allowed to reach seed maturity” cach year. The recommendation, except for 


th3 po soa l2 saving grace of the added proviso, is treading on dangerous 
erensd ¢inca it disregards ontirely the factor of the palatability or useabil- 
it; of the herdaccous forag3 and browse forage, 

it so happens that the average palatability of the herbaceous vegeta- 
tion on range typos, on a great many Forests at least, runs between 50 and 75 
per cent, 2 few, of course, running over 75 and now and then as high as 90 per 
vent, but the latter is ths exception. Furthermore, various species of most 
any type vary in palatability from 0 to 90 per cent and occasionally 95, with 
the outcome that the more palatable species are taken closer than the less de- 
Sirable ones as the type is grazed. Obviously, if grazing continues until 16 
to £5 per cent of the herbaceous vegetation is left, the remaining herbags 
wili consist of the less palatable, less desirable vegetation, and the better 


pleats will be seriously overgrazed and eventually become depleted. Nor is 


there any saying what would happen to the stock if.confined to the range until 
a 2 NGBex oui’ is so closely taken. That there would be falling off in gains 
ms certain, Whore heavy stands of poisonous plants occur the stock would 
“forced to eat more or less of it and iosses would ba heavier. furthermore, 
the 10 to 25 per cent of the herbaceous vegatation remaining is unpalatabls 
ere is No resorve forage whatever left for leeway as a safeguard in years 
siow the average - a highly important matter where climatic. conditions ar 
riable. 
it may be that turf forming species can bo grazed closer than bunch 
grasses. hut the amount of forage of the former class on National orast ranges 
is so small, tess than 15 to 20 per cent of the whole, that, speaking gener- 
ally, tne; haraly come in for consideration. 
Granted wnat there is some difference of cpinion among Forest Uffics 


ow Fh GO 


ca 


irae an le asia 


© & 


= 


Vv. 


rs 
as to the palatapility of different species, it is safe to say that any wide 
liwlpeeiee Site, Sely amoene the less importanbamiets. Im so far as the more 
important spetisé are concerned this difforenee, am tne great majority of 
Sag ese 1G. le 4a tse UO) 2 Tames OF 1 when @ tyge is 


t over 10 to oaper cent, and when a ty; 
nsate aach- other. at least this hes 


averaged the disfezences tend to con 
spe reconnwissanca, 


been found to be the case in gr 


a oa 


Pon to 25 por cent cf the herbaceous veg2tation may be a good fire pro- 
tection standard, but not so good from the standpoint of safety to timber repro- 
duction. 2ovroduction of many tre? species is often more palatable than the 
lsast desirablo 25 per cent of the herbaceous vegetation and if the latter is 
grazed to that extent injury to the reproduction is bound to occur, In fact, 
in many instances injury to reproduction may be traadéd:.to utilization beyond the 
reasonable palatability of the herbaceous vegetation, even though the herbace- 
ous vegetation remaining was considerably in excess of 25 per cent of the whole, 

The lack of definite data for proof one way or tha other is recognized 
and a project was added to the work of the Great Basin Experiment Station last 
winter to try to settle the matter definitely, It will be some time before 
this is worked out, but in due time we hope to know. In the meantime, however, 
it seems proferabl. to play safe, particularly when 3 standard can be figured 
by pretty sound reasoning and from experience. The basis arrived at in this 
manner is much closer to 10 to 25 per cent of tha palatable vegetation than to 
that amount of the entire herbaccous vogotation. 

‘TEAM WORK A LA SHSaLOCK HOLS 

‘On October 19 throe travelers found it convenient to make themselves at 
home in the “mpire Ranger Station on the Pike National wrest. So t721l pleased 
were thoy with the station as they found it that they tried to take with them 
all movable articles and thus preserve the pleasant associations they had made 
with tha Forest Service during thoir short sojourn. Unfortunately for then, 
Ranger Kelso came to the station the next morning with the idea of occupying it 
for 2 few days while cleaning up some fall work on thet end of the district. 

After a careful consultation with "Dr. Watson," it was decided that it 
had been necessary for the travelers to do some repair work on their car while 
stopping at the station. This proved to be the case and enabled Kalso to get 
their names and a pretty good dascriptioa of them from a garage at Zmpire and 
from the postmaster. This description was broadcasted along the road doth ways 
and soon resulted in the discovery of the culprits by Ranger Johnston and Lum- 
pberman McCallister of the Arapaho near Tabernash, Colorado. The cooperation of 
the sheriff in Grand County, where the party was finally located, was secured 
and careful watch maintaincd while Kelso and the sheriff of Clear Greek County 
hurried to the scene and proceeded with formalities. Several articles were 
found in their possession bearing the Porest Service brand. Therefore, the 
three travelers were taken to Gcorgetown, where they were lodged in the county 
jail to await the action and advice of tha Assistant to: the Solicitor. 

iite Ise went to the scene of the theft on Monday, swore out warrants and 
took the culprits to Denver, where they are now awaiting trial befors the Ped- 
eral Judge on an indictment of larceny of Goverment property. Although fortune 
played into the hands of the Zorest Service in the deal, the snappy team work 
of the Forest Service men along the road, together with Kelso’s onergetic of- 
forts, were responsiblsa, for the success with which we met, ; 


By @. W. Norcross, Washington ~ 


4 H 


_ Of the 13,507 miles which the District Foresters recommend be included 
in the Forest Highway system, there are now 3,173 miles (23,5) of roads of satis- 
factory type, 8,754 niles (65,4) of existing! roads’ of unsatisfactory type and 
1,580 miles (125) where there are now no roads 2t all. 

For the recommended *orest Development system of 21,823 miles, the cor- 
responding figures are as follows: existing and of matisfactory type - 6,675 
miiegs (26); existing but unsatisfactory 9,427 miles (43,0); no roads 6,321 miles 
(29) . 

faking the system as 2 whole, our work is 26, done from ths standpoint 
of mileage. Improvement or reconstruction work must be done on 18,181 milas 
(52). Wew roads aggregating 7,901 milos (or 22, of the entire rest rozd 
mileage) must be built. 


a 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


ly Underwriter, the journal published in 
said that "One os the best exhibits at 
ted for the United 


Boost for New York =2xhibit; The ‘eek 
the interest of insurance companies, 
ths Fire Prevention Congress in New York was that conduc 
States Forest Service." 


One of the most enjoyable family meetings 
held by the Washington office oceurred last Saturday when id. Wf. Wheeler of 
Denver, Colorado, gave an illustrated lantern talk to the \ 


of the Forest Servica. 


Oe a 


Lot*s Have a Porest of Gur Own: Froquently professional foresters are asked > 
‘pertinent questions, The following has a more or less familiar ring: "If you 
are so sure that forestry is a paying proposition, why don"t you practice it 
en some of your own land?" ‘The reasons are many why foresters at large have 
not dons this in the past, chief among which is the very pertinent matter of 
land and money. With few exceptions foresters are penny shy. However, there 
are some 50 odd foresters in the neighborhood of Washington, and many others 
who are deeply interested in forestry, who might be able to squeeze from the 
family budget a small amount of money. which, if pooled together, would amount 
to a 2oodly sum. It is concsivable that this sum might be sufficient to pur- 
chase 2 eonsiderable area of forest land in the neighborhood not too distant 

from Washington, which might be managed and cropped by up-to-date intensive 
forestry mothods, producing 2 small profit to thoss wno invested. 

Phe benefits of such a proposition are many. The most important it would 
Seem «ould be the psychological effect upon those who invested - yes, there are 
doubters in our widst - and to the timber-growing interests of the country as 
well, The publicity would not be insignificant if rightly handied, and the 
effect of such publicity might be far-reaching. It would-show to the world in 
soneral that here is a group of professional foresters or those interested in 
forestry who have sufficient faith in their profession to back it up with their 
own moncy. (The amount of money involved would not necessarily be a part of the 
publicity.} Such publicity would go a long way towards developing faith in the 
members of the profession. Jurthermore, such 2 forest would necessarily be a 
demonstration forest in many ways, and it should prove within 4 relatively small 
limit of time the feasibility of small forest holdings, 

This is only an idea. It has its drawbacks obviously and it may have 
many, but let us argue the point. Why not buy 1,000 acres of loblolly pine land 
within a stons’s throw of Washington and watch it produce some returns, if it 
does? Anyway, it would provide a good place for a vacation. We might go so far 
as to lay out some golf links.--C.W.B. 


FOREST P20DUCTS LABO 2AT02Y¥ 


ization is of especial interest to lumbermen everywhere, and not a meeting takes 
place without some spirited discussion of this subject. Th2 Laboratory also has 
besn studying this question, and has assombl2d its data and conclusions in two 
publications, Department of Agriculture Circuler No. 295, "Standard Grading 
Rules and Working Stresses for Structural Timbers," and No. 296, "Standard Grad- 
ing Specifications for Yard Lumber." The first of these is submitted solely as 
a method of grading structural timbers on a scientific basis. The second con- 
tains recommendations concerning standard sizcs for yard lumber, uniform grad- 
ing rules to be applied to all lumber manufactured into yard stock, and standard 
nomenclature for softwood lumber species. 

Requests for these publications from lumbormen and manufacturers are being 


received at the Laboratory at the rate of 75 to 100 a day; at that rate, that 
part of the issue of 10,000 copies being held for this form of distribution will 
S00n be exhausted. 


BO 2EOT FA PSA? STATIONS 
BPirs Studiss: A canvass of State Poresters, forast schools, aml associations of 
foresters and lumbermen to see what they have been doing in the way of fire 
Studies has just been completed for the annual meeting of State Foresters. 

iwenty of the State foresters and ten ferest schools are not carrying on any fire 


i oa 


— 


studies, and none of the forestry or lumbermen's organizations is. Three for- 
ast schools and two State Foresters are proposing new fire projects, while two 
State Foresters and two forest schools are cooperating with tho Service and 
other agencies in fire projects. Seven State Foresters have fire studies under 
way, chiefly concerned with phases of the slash disposal problem. four forest 
schools report a fire study in progress; these studies are of only local impor- 
tance except in one State. 

Wearly every reply received voiced th2 need of more information, more 
publicity and education of the forest users. The greatest need appears to be 
for data to be used in appraising fire damage on individual tracts and a gen- 
eral blanket figure that can be applied locally by the unskilled fire warden 
for damage in different types and 2ged forests, and for different degrees of 
Severity of burn. 


DISTUCT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


The San Isabel has received some good publicity on its recreational advantages 
in the shape of two attractive folders put out by an auto-camp-equirpment firm 
in Pueblo, and a fine article in the magazine published by the iiissouri Pacif- 
ic dailroad. 


Governor Confers with Colorado Sportsmen; The Governor of Colorado had over — 
100 sportsmen at a dimner on November 3 for the purpose of working out a defi- 
nite constructive program for the good of the State game and fish interests 
during the coming season. The District office was represented by Col. Peck and 
Lir, Hatton who, through the aid of the field men, have brought together a lot 
of information on the fishing situation in Colorado, emphasizing particularly 
vhe retaining pond situation of the Forests of Colorado with suggestions, costs, 


a2awUwv 


etc., for working out a retaining pond program, 


with the newly organized Lake States Sxperiment Station at St. Paul. The Sta- 
tion staff was found to be comfortably established at the University of Minne- 
sota and already tackling the problems of this important region in <carnest. 
The District is happy to havea Zon and his assistant within our geographical 
limits, 

DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 


—~—— 


has approved a cooperative agreement with the State Land Commissioner of the 
State of New ziexico under which, at the request of the latter, the Forest Serv- 
ice will oxamine, appraise, and report on bodies of State timber proposed for 
Salg and administer the sale after it is consummated under methods of approved 
forestry practice. This agreement is similar to that which has worked out s0 
well over a 10-year period in Arizona under which more than 109,000,000 fest 
of State timber has been cut under Forest Service supervision on the Tusayan 
and Coconino Forests. The only essential difference is that the New Mexice 
agreement goes a little further in providing that the State pay salaries and 
expenses of Forest officers engaged on preliminary examination and appreisal 
work- A few sales have already been handled in advance of a formal agreement 
on the Lincoln andi Manzano Zorosts. These two Forasts 2nd the Cargen seem to 
be the Forests which will be affacted most by this sgreement, 


All interests Cooperate to Patrol Datil and Gila leadership of Col. 
G. 5. Turner, president of the Silver City Game Protective Association, ard 
Supervisor Fred Winn, a plan has been worked out whereby the Silver City, Dem- 
ing, ilogollon, ilagdalena and Reserve G.P,A"s, the State Game Department, and 
the Forest Service will pool all their men and money into 2 single coordinzted 
organization for enforcing the game laws on the Datil snd Gila Yorasts during 
the coming hunting season. The G.P.A"s are financing several paid deputies 
which, combined with the depptios furnishs3d by the State and the services of 
Forest officers, will for the first time provide a comprehensive organization 
for patroliing this region, A man will be stationed at each entrance point tr 
register hunters and examine their licenses as thay fo in. Sufficient men will 
be assigned to the 19 game refuges to furnish e2ch one with a real patrol. 


ee aD 


a eee 


j ? i nc i] i BG hem and when hunting partizs 
Men will also patrol ail the camps to inspect them xad when hunting x 


come out, they will again be compsiled to register, show their bag and repors 
the game killed and scen. Our latest advices are that this ambitious and ef- 
fective scheme will actually be in operation. It will set a new stanijard of 
efficiency in the mangement of hunting grounds for the Southwest. 


Good Work Honored: Sportsmen of Albuquerque have presented Assistant District 
Forester Leopold with a fine ;58 caliber army special Colt revolver. The note 
that accompanied the gun expresses the sentiment which prompted the gift by 
saying, "Presented to Aldo Leopold in grateful appreciation of his persistent 
and constructive sfforts in organizing the various game protective associations, 
ond in establishing throughout the Southwest sound principles of game conserva- 
tiouw end propagation. 


DISTRICT 4 — INT ERMOUNTAIN DIST wof 


Ce a a en re rn a ne eres am en eermnn Fm 


was h2ld October 29-31 at Salt Lake City. It was attended on the last day by 
all the Uiah Supervisors and a fair representation of stockmen, The stockmen 
were not overjoyed with the range appraisal report, which seeus to indicates 

an increase of fees ranging from 150 to 200 per cent. It was suggested by some 
that if the forcst Service had not undertaken the appraisal but had let the 
matter be fought out on the floor of Congress the stockmen would have'got by" 
without either the increase threatened by the present appraisal or any flat in- 
crease by Congress. That ig 211 past, howsver, and is mostly a matter of opin- 
ion, so it hed little bearing on the present case. In the second place, the 
stockmen were generally opposed to the placing of a commercial value upon the 
Forest Service range for one reason or another. Th3y did not question the moth- 
ods used by the forest Service in determining the commercial value of the graz- 
ing preference, but oxpressed a desire to have a committee of one sheepman and 
one cattleman so over the appraisal in detail and make a study of private land 
yalues and other essential points used in determining the feos in order that 
they might submit their comments to the District forester. The stockmen, of 
cuurse, were in no position to offer much specific criticism of the y~oints used 
in determining the value of the range, as it was all new to them. The meeting 
was not intended for this, however, but was merely to formally bring the range 
appraisal report to the attention of the stockmen for their study and later com- 
ment. : ; 


Road Zidge report seeing quite a large number of dsad coyotes ag a result of the 
cent poisoning operations on the arsa by the officers of the Biological Sur- 
vey. They report having seen three or four dead coyotes in one spot. Apparent- 
ly the cooperative work of the woolgrowers and the Biological Survey is bearing 

fruit,--iianti. 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRIC? 


SS SS SS SS eS Ee See 


ome sorest officer or perhaps the lack of this quality on the part 
rancher whose orchard he may have acquired, a lot of trees are found 
with luscious fruit, deesn’t it make you wonder if we could not perhaps 
ittie more to beautify and make productive some of our other stations? 
Can't we take advantage of this situation, now that the ban is lifted on the 
purchase of fruit trees from official funds, sven in these days when shortage of 
money seems to be the chronic condition? ‘With limited funds we can go a long way 
in waking the homes of our tangers real homes, mors livabie, by a little judi- 
cious landscape gardening and orchard planting. 


The Garden of sden: When you visit a tanger Station where, because of the fore- 
s 


Hm B 


shovid We Standardize Bed tolls? Speaking of standards, the question has been 
ised as to whether we should not edopt 2 maximum allowable weight for forest 
cers' field beds. In connection with this subject, two members of the Wash- 
ington office who recently visited the District are striking contrasts. Both 
were formerly members of the District. One had a bed that was only about sight 
inches in diameter when tightiy rolied and weighed but a fsw pounds, while the 
Other had a huge roll thet weighed 2 flat €0 pounds. It was not ascertained 


She 


igther the bed last abovs mentioned coutaiucd all of the pencils that the 
ovner had removed from excess stocks secon daring ths season or whether this was 
@ shipment of hovschold gocds in connection vith the recgnt marital adventure 
on which the owner had ombartzed. 


Se 


. 3ight boy scouts on his last trip up Ruby Creek to Slate Creek Pass. "Ve sure 

. 4d 2 fine trip," he writes, "and I facl that the tims was well spent. It is 
surprising the knowledge these little fellows have along the lines of forest pro-= © 
tection.” 


Burial Costs 39.50: AXecently a camp fire was found burning and unattended near 
vdeil Lake by the Supervisor of ths Deschutes. The man who was responsible was 
located and assessed 49.50. Later Ranger Floe went by the camp and found the 
camgers had departed for parts unknown, but they had done a first-class job of 
burying their fire - in fact, it looked very much like a new grave. At the head 


was a stone with the following inscription; 


"In ilomory of H, L. Plumb 
39,50 = ilid-week Special 
Lovingly yours,” 


Relations, and she was seeing Amsrica first. She stopped at the Central Dis- 
patcher's station on ths Oregon National rest and showed 2 lively interest in 
everything in sight. After taking pictures of Mount Hood and the dispatcher with 
a cute little camera, she listened pationily to the dispatcher's explanation of 
his instruments, especially the hygrothermograph and the. map for platting tho 
location of fires, her erstwhile smooth brow wrinkled with a wave of thought, 
and she asked: "But how do you fight forest fires? 1 didn't seo any hydrants 


hignvay in tha Olympic blowdown area have been painted 2 bright red with the 
Service shield on either side and with this wording below: "tor Forest Fire." 
Since these tanks are located along the Olympic Highway the educational eff3et 
of having these tanks carry explanatory wording was considered well worth while. 


Hoh Bridge: The Forest Service has the first bridge across the Hoh River within 
the Olympic Forgst. It is on the trail partly completed to the Blue Glacier. 
It 1s just above Glacier Cresk where the canyon was only sixty feet wide and 
about 110 feet above the water. 


—— SS ee ee ee eee 


ONTARIO BELISVES IN FIRE-PIGHTING SQUI PMS? 


The Forest Service of Ontario employs 6% canoes, 150 velocinedes, 32 
motor boats, 26 railway motor cars, 14 auto trucks, 89 fire-fighting pumps, and a 
1,200 men. The monthly pay roll during the fire season is $120,00U.--Pa. Forestry 
News Letter, 


inf 


s ervice Bulletin 


U.S.FOREST SERVICE - 
(Contents Confidential ) ; 


“ Be 
ane 


“Vol. His ‘Wo.’ a7, ocx “Washington, DRM OS November 26, 1928, 


eee a ige RELATION OF WEATHER "FORECASTS 70..THS PREDICTION 


Ee Iu : OF DANGEROUS FOREST FIRE CONDITIONS 
By R. i. R. H. Weidman, EP e Pa River Ee sta. 


The chief purpose of Sees forest fire conditions is’ to give: ‘the 
fire protection organization several days forewarning, so that it may be pre- 
ee to find and suppress fires when they are small. The material in the 
:forest which burns is of first consideration.:. Taking wood as a, fuel, itis 
“clear that if wood is dry it burns readilys.if it is wet, it. does not, The 
important factor, therefore, is the moisture content of ‘the materials which 
comprise the fuel of forest fires, Thus, if we know the different degrees of 
: inflammability, of. ‘thie fuel, in terris. of differences in its moisture content, 
it is possible to state’ definitely for. tomorrow or the next day what influ- 
ence the approaching weather will have in making it drier or wetter; in other 
words, more inflammable or less inflammable. 

The moisture contained in “duff and other debris gn the forest floor 
is influenced by various weather elements. The materials absorb: moistire 
chiefly from the atmosphere in the form of rain and humidity... Rélative humid= 
ity ig the most important factor in this connection, It is nét' to be de- 
pended’ “goon ,’ however, as a direct index of. inflammability, for the reason 
that changes in moisture. content of woody materials lag behind changes in 
relative humidity of the air. A given relative humidity réading does hot 
always mean a given moisttire'content of, duff. . Moisture content is the mest 
reliable index of inflammability,,. because it reflects all the weather changes, 
including wind and temperature, as well as relative humidity, © As the top 
layer of duff is the material which carries fire through the forest, it is 
the one which is chiefly concerned. in. predicting fire conditions in the vir- 
gin forest. A Tecently developed instrument, called a duff hygrometer, is 
being used at-thé-Priest River Experiment Station to measure ee le 
the duff in place, 

Knowledge of: the existing. condition is inflammability of ‘the fuel is 
one requirement for making a prediction of fire conditions in the forest, 

The other equally important: requirement is a thorough weather forecast, in 

- order to know‘whether the forthcoming weather will bring conditions making 

for greater or less moisture in the atmosphere and thus greater or less mois- 

ture in the fuel. Weather forecasts in themselves are not sufficient as fire 

warnings; nor are the records of measurable conditions on the ground alone 

sufficient. The forest fire ‘expert can determine the prevailing conditions 

of inflammability, but he is dependent on the trained meteorologists ofthe 

Weather Bureau for accurate ane some ele forecasts of what Be ees is to 

Des - f ee ve 

TRESPASS 

’ By Ex-Supervisor 


mo: 


CONG te Tas ¥ + on 


Not all the:faults in‘our ‘serious trespass problem can be laid to the 
red=tape of trespass procedure, bas'as that is. A great many forest officers, 


- 


. e 
vu imst be admittcd, profer to stecr clear of these unpleasant tangles. They 
make enemies, wrack the nerves, and interfere with pleasant constructive work 

Overcoming this inertia requires pressure from above, Witness the Cali 
fornia fire trespass work- Once the District really went at the thing in 
earnest, plus showing how, successful fire trespass cases went up by leaps and 
bounds. Of course they had the great advantage of taking the cases into State 
courts, but it was the pressure that got the cases, 

Game cases respond to the same sort of pressure. And there is no questio; 
that grazing and timber trespass will likewise respond. 

My own experience with trespass is that it pays to steer clear of the 
Federal courts. We stay out of the Federal courts in game law and fire cases. 
So far as I know, however, we can't go into the State courts on civil damage 
cases, But if we have reasonably good evidence, it is surprising what can be 
done merely by administrative settlement out of court. My own belief is that 
the great bulk of trespass cases can be handled - and with plenty of sting, 
too = by this method. It requires a Supervisor and Rangers who want to stop 
trespass, and it requires the backing of the District office and a strong de- 
termination to act neither the pink blood nor the bully. 


RANGER BILL'S PSYCHOLOGY TEST 


Q- What is a National Forest? 
A- A piece of Uncle Sam's woodlot, formerly called a "Reserve! but now known a8 
"The Eroply's Playground," ee, 
- What are the three cardinal: piiiciords: of. a ens job? 
Faith in the Service. - Hope in Reclassification. Charity toward your Supe= 
rior Officers. thee ee : 


eae 


. 
* 


- 3D) 4 
i} 


If you were fighting a forest fire ee it started to rain, what would you 
' do?:... 
Bawah: it: Tasos 

Q- What is eke difference houreen @ major and a minor road project? 

A- demedy, a Batter of common cents, 


Q- shoulda a Ranger ever a to bluff ‘his Supervisor? . 
A- ale not without he has am ace in ue hole, 


oeation many pencils eae a pails use in @ year? . 
A= That ep es) on how many children Re TENS “of school age.,: 


Q~ How. can a Forest Officer’on detail save are out oe as travel allowance 
; to have his uniform cleaned and pressed? 
A~ By getting some of Boe friends to ask him out to dinner. 


Q- How many pages should an pificiay revert contain? 
A= One for Lands; two for Cperation; ten for Forest ee ee “and twenty. for 


Grazing. 


Q- Define "Efficiency," . Sear 
A= Bene y work with a eee coating to make it easy to swallow. 


Q- What: 3 is an Adminiatrative site?” 7 > 
A- A tract of land that nobody else wants. SS 


Q- VYhat is a Forest Assistant? 
A- A young man of much learning with few practical ideas. 


Q- How do you mark timber under the Selection System? 
A- By outguessing the Supervisor and Inspector. : 


Q- What is a work plan? 
A- A childcof fancy and of hopes deferred.--D-5, 


a= 
at 


INCREASING INTEREST Ti FORBOTRY obO wi! 

The Long Bell Company, owner of 75,000 acres of land in the southern 
pine region, is making a survey of its holdings to determine to what extent 
some of its mills may be maintained on a continuous forest production basis. 
A comprehensive survey is planned to determine what is now on the land, what 
part of its holdings is agricultural, and what plans are necessary to insure 
and protect a nev crop. 

Merrill and Ringe, owners of large tracts of timberland on the Olympic 
Peninsula in Washington, are likewise interested in forestry to the extent of 
retaining a firm of consulting foresters to advise thom whether their holdings 
of Dougias fir will permit operations on a continuous production basis, and 
qghat must be done at the present time to make certain that their lands wili be 
reforested after being logzed. 

Henry Ford, known "personally" to most of the field force, has acquired | 
another block of forest land in northern Michigan amounting to 40,000 acxes, 
and has announced his intention in connection with this enterprise, as well as il 
in other lumbering undertakings, to handle this operation on a continuous for- 
estry basis, 

Julius Seidel, President of the Seidel Lumber Comoany of St, Louis, in 
a telegram to the Hoo Hoo convention in New Orleans, said: "Have just returned 
from an extended tour of Wisconsin and Michigan and having visualized the ef- 
feet of the past and continucd extermination of the virgin forests of these 
States I belicve and submit that our greatest work to civilization is the dedi- 
icating of our services as Hoo Hoo, individually and collectively, to the awak- 
ening of the pubiic consciense to the immressing needs of initiating or support- 
ing an intensive perpetual forest policy both State and National." 

The Louisiana Conservation Department in its publication also mentions 
several interesting experiments in timber growing being conducted on privatcly- 
ovned forest lands, 


RESEARCH EDITOR HEARD FROM 


Just how to entitle a contribution from the new Research editor was a 
matter of some doubt. "Scraps from the Editorial Wastebasket" was suggested, 
“but! wastcbasket}" as between editor and authors, has a sirister sound and the 
suvzestion was therefore dropped. Any at the experiment etations who have re~- 
ceived manuscripts back adorned with some of the editor's early efforts may 
be able tc supply a title, such as "Sparks from a Heart of Flint" or "WWails 
from the Sharnel House." If sufficient interest is evinced, a competition 
can possidly be arranged, 
in a paper entitied "The Scientist, the Editor and the Public," by As- 
sistant Forester H. A. Smith, read some years ago before an august body of 
scicnutists in Washington, the author attempted to epitomize the function of 
the editor. "His task," he said, "may be described as less sartorial than 
ebstetrical, He assists at the birth." Now while no one in Rosearch would 
express the thought quite so crudely as verhaps its enforced contact with the 
outer world influences PR so to do, it is evident thai this statement swns up 
very, well the activitiss of the ideal editor, He doss not uereate. He is not 
there to tear a manuscript limb from Limb and construct a Franizenstein bpulle- 
tin or 4 Robot circular in its stead, His purpose is to ase to it that cach 
product of the labors of the man in the ficld is introduced to the world in 
sench form that its inherent value and significance will be clearly recognized 
and duly respcetod by its public. He does not add anything of his own to the 
manuscript, but cxpends his efforts towards working with the author to bring 
out the best that the author has to give. Those concerned are urged to con- 
Sider that the Research editor has some such idea in mind, however far from it 
some of his blue-pencillings may seem to stray. You kmor the Klondike danco- 
hall motto: "Don't shoot the orchestra! He's doing the best he can,“ 
Recently this appeared on a logging study table: "Number of times as 
much as it costs to log 22 as 2 log timber," That will be much clearer to 
some in the Service than it was to the cditor at first glance. After some 
thought the editor attempted to put it more explicitly, as thus! "Proportion 
of cost to log twenty-two log to logsing two log timber, too." It is felt that 
there is still room for improvement, 


Gy 


Tannhauser's staff, whicn flowered so unexpectedly, has recently beep 
duplicated in the Forest Scrvice by such remarkable growths as “coniferous Mine 
props" and "coniferous savtimber,".- hile this may be quite soder shop talk, 
the licht-minded public unfortunately versist in regarding such expressions: ds 
"howlers." similar to calling a leather jerkxin an "herbivorous waistcoat.™ 
They rec:cd facetiously also sueh expressions as this at hand: "The balance 
(that is to say, 'the remainder! or 'the rest!) were secured from a reliabig 
manutacturer who calibrated the: instruments before Be ing sent out," Fortunate 
gndeed that his ejection was delayed to this extent! 

Then, of course, there are such things as cditorial slips and "howlerg! 


rara avis ~ but that, as Rudyard has always maintained, is another story-..., 


WASHINGTON NOTES 
Forestry Referendum Gets Favorable Vote from ashinzton Board of Trade: With- | 
out debate and without opposing votes, the Jashington Board of Trade on Novem 
ber 12 voted to return an affirmative answer to the United States Chamber of | 
Commerce on each of the cight proposals in Referendum No, 42. This is the | 
Referendum on the subject of a national forestry policy resulting from the 
work of a special committee. 


Service Holds Lead in Published Articles; Are foresters naturally loquacious? 
or do the “sveat silent spaces" our camp ground folders so eloquently tell 
about impel our "silent spacers" to nour themselves out in print? At any rate, 
the Service still holds its lead in published articles, having contributed,38 
out of 28 listed in THE OFFICIAL RECORD of November 7, 


Prompt Action in Time of Need: ithin twenty-six hours after the death of one 
of its Forest Service members in Washington the Government Employees Mutual 
Reiief Association recently paid to the beneficiary the maximum sum permissi- 
ble under the Association's schedule of allowances. This is only one of sey- 
eral recent instances where timely, aid has been rendered members or their bene- | 
ficiaries by this &ssociation, which is a cooperative, ncacommercial organi=- 
zation of Government employees with an exceptionally large Forest Service mem- 
bership. 


eraeive work done by PR with ne nature s study teachers of the District 
of Coiuvtia public schools was the "Nature Festival” produced in the audito= 
rium of the Central High School on the night of November i6. The pageant was 
written by Mrs. BH. .K, Peeples, Director of Nature Study, and was cleverly 
acted by boys and girls of the fifth. sixth, seventh, and cighth grades, If 
was in three parts — "The Friendly Stars," "4arvest Home," and "America's 
Treasures," The third part dealt entirely with forest conservation, and 
brought out clearly the importance of forests and the wasts pvonuced by man's 
careessness. A forest fire was reoresented by a numbcr of gicls in scarlet 
and orange costumes, Their dance, with a crimson light throwa on the waving 
draperies of their costumes, produced a yomarkable effect o> flames. An audie 
ence of more than two thousand peovlie epplauded the perfcrmance heartily, and 
seemed both highly entertained and really impressed with the lesson conveyed 
by the pageant.=--L.T.C. 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


-This. Douglas Fir Lasted a Lone ‘Thile: The fact that wood does not decay if kept 
continually submerged is illustrated by a specimen of wood collezted by Super- 
visor C. C. HAl1] of the Santiam National Forest and sent to the Labcratory by 
District 6. This perfectly sound piece of wood, identified:as Dovsglas fir, 
was obtained from one of the submerged trees in Clear Lake, which are estimated © 
by Supervisor Hall to have been covered by water five hundred years ego, 
References to wood that has been buried for ages are not uncommon, If 
the book y H. F. Weiss, "The Preservation of Structural Timber," he refess” £0 
the discowry of some sections of a wooden bridge across the Rhine constructed 
by Charlemsgne some 1100 years ago; piles of the fonadation of another bridge 
were fount that were put in place by Simon de Mcnvfort in 1264. 


As 


Helping Out the Golfers: In the manufacture of hickory dowcls for golf shafts, 
it is present trade practice to air season this material for approximately 


two years, This time has now been cut to a week or ten days of kiln drying 
by using a special metal framework to hold the dowels straight during the dry- 
ing process. This method of seasoning material for golf shafts will be put 


into effect by a big firm in Kentucky. 


Forestry Students Visit the Laboratory: A class of forestry students from Amcs, 
Jowa, accompanied by Professor Coville, recently spent two days at the Labor- 
atory.. Writing of a similar trip two years ago, Professor MacDonald says, "ie 
found this trip to be very valuable in supplementing the work which we take vp 
here at college, <A trip of this kind does give the men a good insight into the 
scope and something as to the character of the work." 


FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONS 


- Cooperation: The various forest experiment stations now have cooperative proj- 
ects under way covering work by the Bureau of Entomology, Bureau of Plant In- 


dustry, Bureau of Soils, Weather Bureau, and the Biological Survey. 


We Suspected It: BARRELS AND BOX, a trade journal, states: "There have been 


many notable literary contributions on economic subjects relating to specific 
industries, but it is doubtful if any production in realm of fact or FICTION 
compares with Forest Resources of the World.# 

Zon and Sparhawk are now in.the same class with Harold Bell Wright and 


tnvin' Ss. Cobb, 

What's In a Name? Sometimes we don't know ourselves. Ve had a nice handle for 
a vest pocket device to tell us when to go out and saddle up Liz and get ready 
.for a fire. Mr. Dunlap in the Service Builetin called this aforesaid device a 
"Forest Fire Hazard Indicator." Now, the Priest River Forest Experiment Sta- 
tion says that it doesn't mean anything and they want it called a "Durf Hygron- 
eter," Knowing that the field abbreviates appropriations, files, names, and 

the like, we might suggest the D. Hygrometer. 


DISTRICT 2 ~ ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


kxtensien Conference at Fort Collins: Assistant District Forester Hatton, at 

the request of the Forester, represented the Forest Service at the recent Ex- 
tension Comference at Fort Collins and reports it to have been one of the most 
interesting and helpful conferences that he has ever attended. Definite ch- 
Jectives were set up, using the period between now and.1930, which ought to make 
for gzcat progress in extension work through the various States during this peri- 
od, One universal comment by the extengion directors was the depleted condi- 
tion of the public lands outside the Forests and the necessity for some form 

of State or Federal control before anything can be accomplished in their im- 
provement or betterment, The preparation of a handbook for the use of county 
agents was another of the prominent items “aken up by the conference. 


Antelope Census of Colorado: Out of 63 counties in Colorado, 21 show remnants 
of antelope, the total of the State agercgating approximately 950 head, This 


information has been tabulated and shown graphically on maps with a view, 


through the Colorado Game and Fish Protective Association, of instigating 4 
campaign of educational publicity which it is hoped will arouse among lecal 
settlers an interest in these animals and thus make for their better protection. 
This showing of the presence of these animals in various varts of the State 
ought to make for encouragement rather than discouragement, We do not agree 
with some that they are doomed to complete extinction;; at least we feel that 
an awakened public sentiment has large possibilities in making for their better 
protection ard increase 


supervisor Agee in envied on Detail: Supervisor Agee of the Cochetopa Forsat 
is in Denver for two weeks to assist fn some special work in the office of 
Publie Relations. 


Ge 


DISTRICT 3 - SOUTHVESTERN DISTRICT 


Forest Service at Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial: A Forest Service exhibit was 
shown under the direction of Supervisor Kartchnor at the Inter-Tribal—Indian 
Ceremor=ai. at Gallup, New Mexico, September 13, 14 and 15. It consisted of a 
Genes forest with lookout tower and cabin, a series of pictures-shuwing 
socu and its effects, wood samples, forest scenes and a panel showing the work 
of the Forest Products Labsratory. The exhibit was attractively installed in 
two 14 x 16 tents, it attracted a good deal of attention and much favorable 
comment was overheard, The activities of the Forest Service were efficiently 
explained to several thousand persons by Supervisor. Kartchner and Ranges 
Brennan of the Manzano. The exhibit was probably the only Forest Service ex- 
uibit which has ever reached a large number of Indians, There were about 500 
in Gallup for the celebration, and many of them showed intense interest in the 
exhivit. Is it not possible that here a new fire risk has been effectively 
reached? 


Arizona G. P, A.! Twenty-one delegates representing eight local game protective 
organizations recently met at Plagstaff and perfected the organization of the 
Arizona Game Protective Association, Several Forest Officers were present in- 
cluding Supervisors Calkins and Wales, Deputy Supervisor Voigt, Mr. Leopold of 
_ this oyfice, and the officers of the Coconino staff. Mr, Musgrave and Mr, Gil- 
christ of the Biological Survey were also present. 

Those returning from the meeting came back with the feeling that a real 
‘start had been made toward permanent progress. TT. E. McCullough of Flagsteff, 
a former Forest Service man, was elected president. He has already demonstra- 
ted his ability to stay with the work in spite of discouragements, and it is 
hoped that all Forest Officers in Arizona will give him and the new associa- 
tion their full support, 

Yorest officers are encouraged to assist in the organization of local 
associations wherever needed throughout Arizona, 


What Turkeys Feed On: Supervisor Sizer has submitted the following very in- 
teresting list of the crop contents of a wild turkey recently killed by Mrs. 
Sizer. 258 pinon nuts, 26 grasshoppers, 25 large black beetles, 6 small black 
beetles, 2 black wasps, 1/4 cup of grass seed, - 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERWOUNTA IN DISTRICT 


A Thrilling Life: If life was pretty dull for most of the surveying parties 
on the Idaho Forest this summer, the men working under Littleficld, who have 
returned from the backwoods, certainly got their money's worth, according to 
the Ogden Standard Examiner, 

These men started out to runa traverse up the middle fork of the 
Salmon River, pushing their supplies and equipment on rafts, Their progress 
wes finally stopped by a high cliff, against the base of which the whole force 
of the stream flowed. This was too much for them. On their return their food 
gave out and, wcoording to the paper, they subsisted for two days on fibh, 
This sounds like the real oldfashioned Lewis and Clark stuff. We are glad 
that at least one party of our men were able to break into print with some 
thrilling events for the summer, The ficld season has not been in vain, 


Revised List of Sawmill Owners; All Supervisors have been sending in these 
revised lists. To show the ideal way of presenting such 2 revision, we are 
printing herewith the report -sent in by one Supervisor, It seems to us very 
nearly perfect in clearness, force, and beauty of expression: 

"It is necessary to expunge the name of Steve Gallich from the list of 
mill owners recently submitted. This genial wop has folded his wickiup in 
the dead of night, and from last reports is still one lap ahead of the sheriff 
and various outraged creditors," : . 


The Ghost of the Dewey Mine: Blackie Wallace is a Ranger on the Thunder Moun- 
“tain section of the Idaho Forest. Je has his headquarters at the building of . 
the old Dewey Mine; a log cabin built on a side hill, with a large cellar on a 
the same level in the rear of the cabin, dug into the hillside. The whole 

piace is thickly inhabited with pack rats, mice, and bats, so that the nights 
are indeed spooky under any circumstances. One night Ranger Wallace heard 4 


Ge 


ereater commotion than usual anl Jeciies that probably two pack rats were hav- 


ing a fight to the death, This was.too much for him and he determined to queil 
the disturbance. Going to the door of the ccilar he flungz it open and was con- 


fronted by the ghostly head of a mule only a few inches from his own. Action 
was quicker than thouecht, and Wallace finding no door handy, shot out of tne 
window, closely followed by the ghostly mule. He later discovered that the 
jelé was his own. While grazing on the hillside behini the cabin, the ceilar 
roof had given way and the male had fallen into the cellar on its face, The 
floor being covered with water and thin mud gave it a savage and ghostly ex- 
pression which would be enough to scare anybody expecting to find a pack rat. 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


‘Some Forest: Ideals: When the rains come and the fire season ends, we old-time 
Pidere begin to think about winter supplies and firewood, and are apt to "Jet 
aD 4 little! on everything else. The comforts of the cabin home, the daily 

companionship of the growing children, mean more to us than words can express. 
Bu. arter a few days, the forest man who is loyal to the greater ideals of the 


Cnn 


“Service Uegins to ask himself: "Toward what are we climbing as the years pass?" 

Then it comes over him in a flash of new inspiration, always new, always 
inspiring however much the word is bandied about, -« SPRVICS - of others, of 
Stare, nation and the world, a self-forgetfui- service jhat brings out the very 
best powers of body, mind-and soul, Then he adds, "I mst read more, study 
more, ask more questions of the biggest men -— those who have speciaiized in 
aifforent lines of the work. i must write more letiers, talk with more poople, 
live a broader, deeper life, Winter is the time for the best books, read by 
the evening fireside, - not only the ones on forestry but famous travels - 
Lane, Dr. Grenfell, Livingstone, Shackleton =~ and famous thoughts of the great 
thinkers -— Socrates, Marcus Aurezius and a dozen more. So he starts in, and 
when the summer work takes him far afieid he is a bigger and a better forest 
man.--C..S. 


The Dog is on the Bedstead 
The Cat is in the Lake 
The Cow is in the Hammock 
What difference does it make? 
(Over the door of "Peace Cabin," the home of Charles H. Shinn) .--D-5. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT , 


Use Douzlas Fir Sawdust for Cattle Food: Arrangements have just been made by 
the Office of Products whereby the Duluth-Oregon Lumber Company of Porsiand 
will supply the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, with SO sacrs 
of Douglas fir sawdust. This shipment, after being converted into cattle food 
by the Laboratory, will be used in trial feedings at one of the large eastern 
experiment stations. 

Experiments so far conducted by the Laboratory indicates that the saw- 
dust of con:fereus wood can be converted into a wholesome cattle food, Az pre- 
liminary trial feeding, using a product prevared from eastern white pine, was 
concucted in cooperation with the Wisconsin Golleze of Agricuiture with favor- 
eble sesults, With the sawdust répresentine about 25 per cent of the ration, 
the cows maintained their production of miik and showed an anpreciable increase 
in tutter fat production. A decided inerease in weight was noted during the 
period in which they were fed the treated sawdust.-—-W.H.G, 


Road Tax: Some autoists think they are taxed too much for roads. Some roads 
get pretty well taxed by the autos. The ranger at Rock Creek, on the Wenatch- 
ee, reports 1,2eCO autos over. the Chiwawa road in nine days during the huckle- 
berry season, And the Chiwawa road is a one-truck, Minor road.--P.H.D. 


Comments from The Seattle Laboratory: The report entitled "Tests of Telephone 
Poles will soon appear in bulletin form. The report covers tests of fifteen 
groups of poles, running fifteen end twenty to the group, which includes 
strength data on western rei cedar from Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Montana: 
northern white cedar from Minnesota; lodgepole pine from Colorado, Montana ani 
california; western hemlock and Douglas fir from Washineton, and Engelmann 
spruce from Colorado. Most of these tests were made at the Seattle Laboratory 
and are the-result of an extended period of careful research» The data in 
the report will be unusually valuable at this time because of the rapidly 
diminishing supply of the species now used for telephone poles.-—-C,W.Z, 

Bras ee 


DISTRICT 7 — EASTERN DISTRICT 


Telephone Pole Business on the Natural Bridze: Since January 1, 1923, $68,000 
worth of timber has been sold on the Natural Bridee National Forest in Vir- 
ginia. The greater part of this timber was chestnut, and about 90 per cent 
of the value is made up of chestnut telephone poles. One sale of 20,000 poles 
was recently made at an average stumpage of about $2 per pole, including poles 
from 25 feet to 65 feet, both inclusive, in length. The average prices ob~ 
tained for chestnut have been as follows: If cut into poles, from $8 to 
$17.51 per M ft. b.am.; if cut into ties, from $5 to $10 per M ft. beme; if 
cut into sawtimber, from $1.50 to $4.50 per M ft. b.m.; if cut into extract- 
wood, from $0.30 to $5 per M ft. b.m., with an average of $1 to $1.50 per M 
ft. b.m., for extractwood. 

At Greenlee: the output of poles has run as high as 500 and 600 a week, 
During the height of the hauling this past summer and fall, there were as many 
as 27 teams hauling poles every day out of this unit. Plans are perfected to 
put on the market all accessible chestnut poles on the Forest. A pole treat- 
ing plant has been erected at Natural Bridge Station and has been in operation 
Since about April of this year. The ayerage number of poles treated per week 
Since that time has been in the neighborhood of 250. This plant is probably 
the most up-to-date small treating plant which is owned and operated by the 
Western Electric Company and is the largest pole treating plant in the State. 
The decision for erecting the plant in this locality was reached after the 
Forest Service assured the officers of the Western Electric Company that 
50,000 poles were available from National Forest land. This number can be 
secured and it is now estimated that this number will be exceeded if the 
chestnut blight does not kill the trees before they are cut. Operations on 
all sales are being speeded up to beat the blight and it is the intention of 
the pole operators to cut the poles two years in advance of hauling if this is 
found necessary to salvage the poles. 


DISTRICT 8 - ALASKA DISTRICT 


One-Man Logeing Power in Alaska: Deputy Supervisor Geo. H. Peterson, with head- 
quarters at Sitka, came in the other day with an interesting bit of informa- 
tion occurring on his district under his personal observation. Ed Strike, an 
old-time logger living at Tenakee, Alaska, accomplished some hand logging on 
Chichagof Island to be proud of, Alone, and using Dawson Jacks, he got out and 
raited 63,390 ft. b. ms in 40 days. Among the logs was a spruce 181 feet in 
length, with a 63 foot butt, a 12-inch top, and scaling 12,681 ft. b. m. 

Can you beat it?--H.S,. 


as. 


eS popes See vice: 
. (Coritents Confidential ) 


Vol:“VIi,No. 48... .» dashinaton;,D,.c.. Deceniber 3, 1923. 
‘THE FORT COLLINS RANGE CONFERENCE -— 


"By Will ¢. Barnes, Washington 


At a gathering in Washington of western extension men and offi-. 
cials of the various State Agricultural Colleges, one of the leading 
maibters considered was.the question of pasturage. This included the 
whole range of management of livestock on small as well as on large 
areas, including National Forests and the open public domain. Secretary 
Wallace was rather impressed with the lack of information among many 
of the men present as to just what the Department had accomplished 
along these lines. Realizing there. had deen a large amount of mate-. 
rial gathered and plans formulated for general management of livestock 
on open and private ranges, the Secretary felt the information had not 
been carried to the public as thoroughly as it should have been and 
appointed a departmental committee to take steps to correct this con- 
dition. 


As a result of the work of this committee, which Leases ia of 
about every man in the whole Department interested in livestock manage- 
ment, a plan was outlined for the preparation of what was designated 
as a "range extension teaching program," to which each bureau was asked 
to contribute its share, 


This consisted mainly in sending to the committee full informa- 
tion on range management, range livestock improvement, and intimately 
related subjects. The memoranda were to cover all available depart-— 
mental publications on such matters, indicating specifically those para- 
graphs which should properly be incorporated in what was to be printed 
and distriputed to the western extension men as a "range handbook," 
this book to-be ready to place before the Western States Conference to 
be held at Fort Collins, Colorado, November 5 to 9, inclusive. A special 
committee of the large committee handled and correlated all this mate 
rial. Some job, too. 


‘nest etant District Forester Hatton and Grazing Assistant Lee of 
the Denver office attended this conference as représentatives of the 
Service, taking full part in the meetings. Mr. Hatton addressed them 
on the Grazing studies work of the Service. 


The Forest “Service, Mr. Hatton states, received unstinted praise 
from the Conference for its various activities, particularly what has. — 
been done in range studies, and went on record as _ favoring the fullest 
possiole use ‘of these studies. The next conference Till be held at - 
Tucson, Arizona.. 


WHERE RANGERS GET OFF 
By A. O. Waha, D-8 


When an inspecting officer visits a Supervisor's office and asks 
questions of one kind or another about the business of the Forest, the 
Supervisor, if in doubt or if he really does not kmow, can turn téshis 
statistical and other reports and be in position to answer such ques= 
tions. 


Where does the District Ranger get off under similar circum 
stances? Unless he has foreseen the need of having in his files an 
up-to-date statement showing the business as well as the resources 
of his district, he is subjected to some embarrassment when he finds 
he is unable to answer questions without first looking through his en- 
. tire files. He would feel much better if in answer to the question, 
"How many cattle and horses have you under permit," he could immedi- © 
ately state the number and not be forced to say, "I think there are 
about 700 but I haven't totaled the permits as yet." 


Regardless of the inspector with his questions, it seems to me 
that a District Ranger should have such a statement available for his 
own use. Why not put this down as a job for some stormy day in winter? 
Possibly the Ranger may need some help from the Supervisor's office in 
getting the latest figures on timber resources. 


Statements of this kind to be of value must necessarily be kept 
up-to-date, but changes need not be made oftener than once a year. 


ROOTING FOR ROOTED CHRISTMAS TREES 
By GH. Collingwood, Washington 


The recent article by J, Roeser, Jr., "In re Christmas Trees," 
carries a splendid idea, but one that can scarcely be claimed as having 
originated in Colorado Springs. The futility of attempting to prove 
whether one city or another was the first to use a growing Christmas 
tree is apparent, and anything like an investigation would undoubtedly 
show that the idea has sprung up spontaneously in various sections of 
the country. 


Dpring the past few years the city of Ithaca, New York, has annu=- 
ally decorated a thirty-foot spruce tree which grows in De Witt Clinton 
Park. The tree has served as a center for several large municipal gather-. 
ings, including a community "sing" on Christmas Eve. Last year the idea 
was tezsen up by two groups of residents in widely separated parts of the 
city. In one case a tall red cedar was decorated, and in the other an 
unuswlly fine specimen of Douglas fir was chosen. These trees were lo- 
cated on the hilltops, and at night the colored lights shone out across 
the valley for several miles around. 


Home Christmas trees, as a part of the landscape plan, took a 
strong hold on the popular fancy in one of the newer residence sections 
of Rochester, New York. Reports have come from several sources that this 
particular neighborhood presents a most enlivening sight during the holiday 
page Colored lights adorn the trees, and are often festooned along the 
edzes. 


The nursery firm of Isaac Hicks, on Long Island, has long urged the 
use of tubbed conifers for Christmas trees. These can afterwards be trans- 
Planted to a place on the lawn. 


Christmas trees which actually grow must always be in the minority, 
compared with the vast numbers of those which will be cut and hauled long 
distances to serve for a day or two and then be cast @nto the ash heap. 


seilins 


Our apartment house life leaves little room for landscaping around 
"three rooms and a bath." But, thank heaven, there are still individ- 
val homes, and all cities have parks. Perhaps this is not forestry, 
but surely it is worth while for foresters to encourage Christmas 
trees that grow. 


u 
~----}----- 


TIME FOR A REVISION 
By Jno. D. Guthrie, D-6 


The SIX RULES for prevention of forest fires have unquestionably ~ 
produced results from the public. The man who invented them had a good 
hunch. They were invented, however, before the days of motor travel 
and before the days of State laws and forest regulations requiring 
camp fire permits. 


District 6 has been consistently trying to “sell the idea" they 
contain to the forest-using public on any and every occasion. Copy for 
all of our forest folder maps and other publicity material has carried 
them, but we can't seem to "sell" the revised ones to see Washington 
office, 


Valuable as they have been in the past, isn’t it about time to 
revamp them and make them a little more up to date? Besides, wouldn't 
the effect on the public be better if we put them in the form of a 
pledge? Rules make some people see red anyway, especially Government 
rules. Now with an apparent wakening of the public forestry conscience 
wouldn't it be politic to use a form suggestive of more participation 
on the part of the reader? 


Let's look at the RULES a bit. 


No. 1. "Matches. Be sure your match is out. Break it in two before 
you throw it away." 


That's good, except it should be put: I will be sure, etc.; 
I will break it in two, etc. 


No. 2. "Tobacco. Throw pipe ashes and cigar and cigarette stumps in 
the dust of the road and stamp or pinch out the fire before 
leaving them. Don't throw them into brush, leaves or 
needles," 


Now, in the days of horseback or stage travel, there was lots 
of "dust of the road," and it was practicable to follow this part of 
Rule 2. But, we don't have as mich dust as we did on our roads and 
most everybody travels by auto now and a cigarette snipe (nobody calls 
them stumps) thrown from a car isn't likely to fall in the dust of the 
road, but pretty certain to fall in the dry needles and leaves along 
the side of the road, the very place we don't want it to light. So 
let's change and shorten No. 2 to read:- 


Tobacco. JI will be sure my pipe ashes, cigar or cigarette 
stubs are dead before throwing them away. I will not throw 
them into brush, leaves, or needles. 


No. 3. "Meking Camp. Build a small camp fire. Build it in the open, 
not against a tree or log or near brush. Scrape away the 
trash from all around it." 


Now, folks that go into the Forest to camp are not going to go 
out in the open (whatever that means) to build their fire; they want 
it in the forest. Besides, it isn't easy in D-6 to find an open spot. 
Wouldn't this-be better? 


aa 


oe 


hy 


62 ore 


Pe we 
‘ P 
‘ 
’ 


2 


1923, there had been “expended some ne $32, 700,000 in the construction and l) 
maintenance of Forest roads and trails. Approximately three-fourths of 
this aame from the specific Federal appropriations fcr this purpose. 

The mileage of roads constructed or improved totaled 6,874; of trails, 

10,675. During the fiscal year 1923, 7,243 miles of road and 29,079 

miles of trail were maintained, iil 


Some Financial Statistics on Forest Roads and Trails:--Prior to June 30, ii 
! 
{ 


million dollars will be expended. The estimated expenditures for the 
following year are materially less,--T.W.N. | 


It is estimated that during the fiscal year 1924, over fourteen 
| 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


Inland Empire Douglas Fir Tests Made: Tests on the green material of 

the Douglas aplig shipped from the inland Empire have been made and will 
be followed later by similar tests on the air-dried timbers, A comari- 
son of the Douglas fir from this region and that grown on the coast and 
in the Rocky Mountains will be possible when these tests are completed. 


— on 


Best Ways to Air-Season Lumber: Vhether lumber should be piled with wide 
or narrow spaces between the boards, how wide the stickers should be, or 
how high the roof above the piles should be, are some of the fourteen 
variables under experiment in the air-seasoning study in which the Labor- 
atory is cooperating with the Districts and lumber companies. The spe~ 
cies being studied are birch, Douglas fir, suger pine, shortleaf pine, 
longleaf pine, western white pine, western yellow pine, and white fir, 


tree Fiber Makes Best War Bridge: A new type of pontoon bridge made from 
the fiber of the silk cotton tree, or kapok tree of Java, has been found 
So satisfactory in War Department tests that it is likely to replace the 
canvas boat type. The chief advantage of the kapok fiber is its buoyancy 
which makes it impossible to sink the rafts even if riddled with rifle 
bullets. It can also be put up more easily than the present type of 
bridge. 


It is interesting in this connection to recall that all Army and 
Navy aviators when flying over water are required to wear kapok jackets 
under their flying togs, 


DISTRICT 2 ~ ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


The Economic Value of Beaver as Water Storers has been vividly brought 
oui; recently by Superviscr Agee who made a special study or the water 
storage on certain creeks on the Cochetopa Forest. He found 43 beaver 
dams having a winter storage of 62 acre feet within a distance of siz 
miles on Silver Creek. On the Forest as a whole the estimated water 
stcrage by beaver is 1,240 acre feet, capable of irrigating 30,000 acres 
of land for a period of 24 hours, The artificial storage on Silver Creok, 
one of the creeks on which close measurement was made, would have cost 
at least $10,000. The study hes aroused great interest locally and re- 
guests have been made for use of the information in such pubiicatious as 
Popular Mechanics, 


eee 


What It Leads To: Through our Bird Study course the twelve-year-old 
daughter of one of ovr Rangers became interested in birds. Because 
of her interest the Director of the State Museum of Natural History 
became interested in her. The girl is now a collector for the museum 
and is rapidly developing into a naturalist. 


—<—— 


: 
. 


Christmas Trees: Improvement thinnings on the Pike National Forest are 
being made possible again this year by demand for Christmas trees. A 
special officer has been detailed to take charge of this activity on the 
ground and he reports that five men are now cutting for ccmmercial enter- 
prises on a large scale“and with the business in sight it is likely that 
additional help will be necessary- A real improvenenS thinning is being 
made in sapling stands of Douglas fir, trees to te left vdeing daubded with 
white paint. Ali other trees are cut by the rurchasers and such vrees 
used for Christmas trees as are suitable for that purpose. In order to 
overcome a recent agitation against the use of Christmas trees, which 
has grown out of the promiscuous and harmful cutting that has taken place 
on private land in this region, all trees will bear a shipping tag. On 
the back of this tag will be a statement to the effect that the. tree was 

- taken from a National Forest and cut under the direct supervision of the 
- Forest Service for the purpose of improving the condition of the forest 

stand. 


== 


DISTRICT 3 - NORTYVESTERN DISTRICT 


Concrete Demonstrations: D-3 Rangers are being urged to demonstrate for- 
est activities in ‘addition to talkings them to public schools, stock asso- 
ciations, and other organizations. It is probably the easiest way to in- 
struct and is welcomed by teachers. The Rangers that have tried it re- 
vort good success. The Lincoln Bulletin tells about a recent accomplish- 
ment by Ranger King that illustrates this point specifically. On October 
24 King accompanied‘a class from the Weed School tom cut-over area 
where brush burning was the main event. Supper was served on the ground 
and :there in the midst of actual practice the Ranger gave an explanation 
of foréstry practice on the National Forests. This is not King's first 
_attempt in this direction and he is gradually bringing about a condition 
of ecoperatien and syrpathr..on-d district where there has been an out= 
standing opposite condition. Each activity offers its opportunity in the 
edegTce that activities are related toe the life of a community. 


—— oe 


Stone Faces: It now appears that the most perfect example of "stone faces" 
carved by Nature among the mountain cliffs are not found in the far—famed 
Garden of the Gods, at Glacier Nationai Park, or the Yosemite, but within 
the limits of our cywn Crook Forest. A photo just received shows in very 
unusual clearness and detail not one but: tivo "indian Heads" in the same 
rocky mass and with features sc perfect that no imazination is required ’ 
to see the very pronounced likeness to human profiles. Apparently we are 
stilt -not advertising the scenery of the Soutiwest sufficiently. We are 
inaehved to Mrs. H. Be EDPRSED Alamo. Ranger Station, for this very unusual 


Bho te. 


‘Watershed Handbook: There is being prepared in this office for distribu- 
-tion to the. ficld sometime this winter a new section-.to be added to the 

Lands Handbook covering the subject of watersheds and erosion. “This scc- 
tion will cover what we know about erosion control and watershed adwinis- 
tration in the Southwest. It will consist largely of diagrams and illus- 


trations. 


Gx 


The Wealthy Forest Ranger Found: A voucher just passed shovs that an 
Arizona ranger paid off in cash hig telephone improvement crew. The 
amount was close to a hundred dollars. A financial deluge like this 
would break most New Mexico banks, not to mention forest officers. 


oer #=----- 


DISTRICT 4 -— INTHRMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


A Misundsrstanding: We are informed that an item on 10% money, published 
in the Ogden Daily News of November 2, is causing considerable exci-e~ 
ment in certain gvarters. This item states that Nevada has been aiiot- 
ted one hundred thousand dollars of 10% money, and Utah about a quarter 
of a million dollars. "Has been allotted" does not mean allotted for 
the next fiscal year. It means that this amount is the total which has 
been allotted in all the years since King Pharaoh mace the first allot— 
ment in Egypt and sent Moses and the Children of Israel out to make the 
preliminary surveys in the wilderness. This took them 40 years and has 
started a precedent in such matters. | 


-—~—-—— 


Chanzes in Positions: The vacant supervisorship of the La Sal Forest is 
being filled by the transfer of Supervisor Orange Olsen from the Lemhi. 
He expects to make the move some time next month. Deputy Supervisor 
Oscar Mink of the Weiser Forest will fill the position at Mackay, 


Indians Getting a Chunk of the La Sal: An executive order signed by 
Fresident Coolidge October 12 provides for the elimination of 6,640 
atres from the La Sal Forest, This area is chiefly in Allen Canyon, 
not far from Blanding, Utah. This area, and some additional land out- 
side the Forest, it is understood, has been set aside as a reservation 
for a band of Piute indians which have heretofore been a roving band 
and the cause of moch trouble- to. the white settlers of that region, 
This is the Old Posey gang that was responsible for the "Indian wer" 
in San Juan County last year. 


[ee eee 


DISTRICT 5 - CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Forester to California Newspaper Editors. Dear Mr, Editor: 


What Are National Forests and National Parks? Letter by the District 


Much confusion and misunderstanding exists in the public mind 
as to the essential differences betveen NATIONAL FORESTS and NATIONAL 
PARKS, It is hoped that the following facts will help the members of 
your office to understand clearly the common accepted standards for 
the establishment and administration of these public areas: 


There are 17 National Forests in California with a nét area of 
over 19,000,000 acres. The National Parks of the State are fourtin 
number and inciude an area of approximately 1,000,000 acrés. 


The National Forests are administered by the Forest Service of 
the United States Department of Agriculture; while the National Parks 
are under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service of the Depart- 
ment. of the Interior, 


airs 


The purpose of the NATIONAL FORESTS is to protect and maintain, 
in a permanent productive and useful condition, lands unsuited to agri- 
culture, but capable of yielding timber or other generai benefits, sucn 
as forage for livestock; water for irrigation, domestic use and power, 
and playgrounds for our citizens. All the resources of the National 
Forests are developed to the greatest possible extent consistent with 
permanent preductivity under the principle of coordinated use. The 
principe .sfweude of resources is the vital distinction between Nation— 
al Forests and National Parks. 


The purpose in creating NATIONAL PARKS is to preserve the scenery 
the naturai and historic objects, and the plants and wild life. The 
objects are the enjoyment of the people and the aiding of education and 
scientific study by keeping such areas unimpaired. National Parks are 
protected completely from any and all utilitarian and commercial enter- 
prises save those necessary for and sudservient to legitimate park uses. 


Many head-writers still confuse the National Forests with Parks; 
others call them "forest reserves," although Congress many years ago ~ 
officially changed the name of these Federal areas to NATIONAL FORESTS. 
I am sure that everyone at all familiar with the use that is being made 
or National Forest resources for the benefit of our citizens and the up- 
building of Galifornia will appreciate the inappropriateness of the 91d 
term "reserve." 


Thanking you for your interest and cooperation in the public— 
spirited movement to educate our citizens in forestry and fire preven- 
tion, I am, ~ 

Very truly yours, 
PAUL G. REDINGTON, 
District Forester. 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


New Sales: Advertisement has begun for 27 million feet of timber on 
Upper Wind River on the Columbia Forest at $1.50 per M for fir and cedar, 
$3.CO for white pine, and 50 cents for hemlock. 

Bids have just been received on 21,522,000 feet of timber on the 
Siuslaw. The timber was advertised at $1.50 per M for fir and cedar 
and 50 cents for hemlock. The high bidder was the Umpqu+ Mills and Tim- 
ber Company, who bid $2.00 per M for fir, $1.50 per M for cedar, and 50 
cents per M for hemlock,--F.E.A. 


Land "achance: Land exchanze with private panbtes approved by the Secre- 
tary of Agriculture since 1914 in District 6 shows a total of 54,410 
acres offered to the Government in 17 different exchanges: 40,442 acres i 
were granted ia addition to timber cutting rights where the title to the 
Government land was not affected. Values involved were nearly $585,000.-- 
Cixcie Bs 


stock Shor in Portland some 5,600 pieces of Forest Service publicity 
material were distributed. The Mt. Hvod folder and the D-6 windshield 
stickers led in popularity, 1,5U0 of tne former and 1,000 of the latter 
being given ovt. The Columbia, Umatisla and Cascade folcer maps were 
the most popular map folders. Bight hundred copies of Government For-= 
est York and 100 Kerests and Forestry in United States were distributed. 


c 
Getting Publications to Public: During the Pacific International Live-~ | 
, 
. 


Ee 


ee ILE 


Gs 
Servi ce Bulletin 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 
(Conterits Confidential) — 


Zn 


‘Vol! Vil, No. 49. Washington, D.C.” fa December 10, 1923. 


ALL-THE ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS 
By W. I. Hutchinson, D-5 


The annual Work Plan was finished. But no one around the ranger 
station dared to enll it a work plan, for it was a symposium of objec- 
tives garnished with the most up-to-date methecs of efficiency and 
standardization gathered from all the "best thought" of the ages and 
ground out to the field from the gloomy maw of a mimeographing machine. 
There were columns upon columns: of. jobs and sub-jobs and sub- sub-jobs, 
worked out to split seconds, covering every conceivable contingency 
from the homogeneous*caloriés of luscious oats old Bess was. to) Meceaye 
as her per diem, to the latest method of identifyirg blister rust. 
while riding at the rate of 3 milés per hour. Nothing had been over- 
looked, except ‘possibly practical.ideas. And now the final conference 
was.on before this: momentous, effort would be sent the District Office 

for review and EEN och es : 
ave you. got ‘in all the Improvement. work you expect. to do next 
‘yeart" inquired the Supervisor. eek 


hat “ie "Yes ," wtih dis the Ranger, not: only for next year but, for five 
years, I plan to use the ‘Guards on. all the ne jobs when the Inspectors 
aren! t pRopaes o 


"Pine | Have you cut enya worle to the bone?" 
TYCS and if anyone ever finds 4 surplus of time around this 


Station in my diar y again aig aa have to take an merce? course in 
ealculus ,"! : 


"And have you put down plenty of: grazing inspection trips?” 


Why you know I always do that,-‘even if I never get beyond the 
first salt lick up the eulch,” 


"How about a winter study course in modern business ‘methods and. 
Solr analysis?" 


"Did you ever hear of me leaving that out? . 


"Well, you'd better not ‘if oie to draw. your pay check and 
stay on the efficiency register. I suppose you've eee plenty of time 
for that brush burning job?" 


"Oh, yes, there won! t be any trouble about that because I've 
already threatened to closé down the mill’*if they: don! clean'er up. 
I'm going to do some public relations work, too, now’that we've got a 
new schoolmarm in the district." 


"That's a good idea. How do you plan to use your spare time?" 


"Well, as near as I can figure, the jobs I've got Jisted for 
next year would take an able-bodied man just about 500 days to clean 
them up. But if the fishing don't get too good, and I don't heve to 
"personally conduct" more'n five mr six D.O. men a month around my 
district, and can save enough out of my wife's housekeeping money to ~ 
buy a new inner tube for the jitney, I reckon I'll be able to hold 
down the fires and handle all these little jobs and still keep within 
the limits of a field man's work day of nine to four with an hour for 
lunch." 


"All right," said the Supervisor, "I believe your Work Plan will 
be a success,!! | ; 


And it was, too, 


Paaeeaes 


LET'S NOT BECOME FORGETTERS | 
‘-By Jno. D. Guthrie, D-6 


Mr. shionaea sees in the Service Bulletin of November 5 
was most timely, for we are much inclined to become a nation of "for- 
getters," Three names on the Forest Service Memorial Tablet are from 
D-6. These are Roy Muncaster and Stanley R. Augspurger, both victims 
of the Tuscania disaster, and Donald R. Frazier, who died in England. 
Muncaster Mountain-on the Quinault District, Olympic Forest, lies with- 
in a ranger district of which Roy Muncaster was in charge when he vol-— 
unteered for the coe pngtaeces: 


Donala Ri Frazier from the Hood River Valley was a forest guard 
and lookout on the Oregon Forest in 1916 and 1917. The name Frazier 
Mountain was recommended to the Geographic Board by this District on 
May 28, 1923, for a peak near his home Vadbey and within the district 
on pact he ance 


Stanley R. Augspurger is as yet without a tangible tribute. 
He worked in timber survey crews on two Forests, the Wallowa and the 
Columbia, going later:to the Wind River Experiment Station, from which 
place he entered the Army. Steps have been taken to give his name to 
some location or object, topographic or otherwise, in this District, 


eee tm —— 


A CONE DISEASE OF THE TURPENTINE PINES 
. By W. R, Mattoon, Washington 


A pine-cone rust (Cronartium strobilinum), according to Dr. G.G. 
Hedgcock and G. G. Hahn of the Office of Forest Pathology, Bureau of 
Plant Industry, is known frequently to have a damaging effect upon the | 
reproduction of the pines upon which it occurs ~ namely, longleaf and > 
slash, Although the field survey of this disease is incomplete and its 4a 
exact distribution is not known, these investigators state that in cer- 
tain years it is known to have been prevalent over central Florida, In 
some localities where the rust is present the reproduction of the two 
pines in Bees tee is WeRY scant. 


The alternate host trees of this rust are known to be various 
oaks, particularly the live oak and others of that general type. The 
immature first-year cones become infected soon after they appear in very 
early spring (about February) and during the next two or three months 
usually swell abnormally to about the size of second-year mature cones. 


go. 


By autumn the diseased cones, it is stated, are all dead and have most- | 
ly fallen to the ground. The leaves of the oaks become infected in May, | 
and bear the rust till the following February, when the pine cones of 
the new crop become infected. 


Over the natural ranges of longleaf and slash pines —- the two 
commercial turpentine-producing pines — reproduction is considerably 
irregular and scattered. The.factors commonly ascribed as the cause 
for this condition are repeated fires and, in the case of longleaf, 
razorback hogs. The persistent yearly burning by the "natives," who 
run small bunches of cattle usually on lands owned by others, would 
seem to be nearly sufficient cause for the small amount of young growth. 
Poor forest reproduction may, however, be due in part to a lack of seed 
as well as the death of seedlings. 


An interesting problem is thus before the investigators of the 
Southern Forest Experiment Station and of other bureaus in the Depart- 
ment to ascertain to what extent each of the enemies ~ fire, razorback 
hogs, and the pine-cone rust - are responsible for the Te OA: repro= 
gectzon. 


ee anne 


WASHINGTOW eS 


Col. Greeley tice iayeeee American: Game Association: The Forester has ac=- 
cepted an invitation to make the principal speech at the banquet of the 
Tenth National Game Conference in New York City on December 10, The 
conference is. held under the auspices of the American Game Protective 
and Propagation Association. Col, Greeley's subject will be, "Game 

in the National Forests." : Sh Ma 


wae 


Forestry Referendum Completed by U. 5. Chamber of Commerce: To assure 


a permanent future supply of timber, the Chamber of Commerce of the 
United States recently advocated the adoption of a broad national for-— 
estry policy. The Chamber's position is taken’as the result of a 
referendum vote just completed among more than 1,300 business organi- 


zations making up the national organization's membership. A preliminary . 


canvass of votes cast shows that seven out of eight Specific proposals 
contained in the referendum-carried by a wide margin. The recommenda- 
tion which was not indorsed provided for the setting up of a National 
Forest advisory council.--Daily Digest. 


M. W. Talbot, "Weed Specialist": On December 1 the Service lost one of 


its most capable grazing experts when-M. W.-‘Talbot, Grazing Examiner, 
took up the work of "Weed Expert" in the Bureau of Plant Industry at 
Washington. Talbot was "hand picked" by Dr. Coville, Botanist of the 
Bureau, who met him while on detail to the Washington office last year, 
He will be in charge of a new branch in that bureau, to be called the 
"Branch of Weed Investigations." 


In this work Talbot will have a field all to himself. His range 
will be the whole United States, but naturally the major portion of it 
will be in the eastern part of the country and especially in connection 
with grazing on the farmers! pastures and woodiots. 


Somebody once described a weed as a "plant for which nobody had 
yet found a use." As a weed expert Talbot may be able to discover uses 
and values for weeds hitherto listed as utterly useless, 


aya 


With his headquarters here in Washington we shall have the bene- 
fit of his cooperation with the Service work for our relations with that 
Bureau have always been close and harmonious» Our loss is their gain. 


We hate to see good men get away from us, but at the same time 
it's quite a compliment to the training we are giving our grazing men 
when their services are in such demand for higher and better paid posi- 
tions.--.C.B. 


enue  Sogon oa 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY ‘ 


Laboratory Studies of Ancient Method of Seasoning Wood in Full Swings: 
Air seasoning, although practiced for ages, had not been made the sud 
ject of carefully planned study until the Forest Service began its pres= 
ent research. Evidently there is room for improvement, as methods of 
seasoning differ even when carried on by companies whose practices are 
the result of long experience. 


Fourteen variables are being studied and work is being done on 
eight species in cooperation with the Districts and 18 companies. Birch, 
Douglas fir, spgar pine, shortleaf pine, longleaf pine, western white 
pine, western yellow pine, and white fir, are the species studied and 
the variables ere as follows: age and usdge of stickers, close piling 
with well2dsfindd vents, end versus cross piling, foundation heights, 
graduated spacings in successive vertical layers, grades of material, 
heights of roof above piles, spacing between stickers, spacing between 
boards, sticker widths, stickers in vents cut and uncut, thickness of 
stickers, uniform board widths, and vents versus no vents. 


Laboratory Water-Resistant Glue Meets Severe Test: Although standing 
in three feet of water for several days, no damage at all was done to 


two hundred veneered doors built up with glue made according to a formula 
developed at the Laboratory, so a furniture firm reported. 


It seems that several thousand doors of various types were stored 
in the basement of a warehouse which was flooded after a heavy rain, with 
the result that about 800 doors were lost through the warping and buck- 
ling of the panels, 


The firm writes: “We feel sure that you would be interested in 
this incident, particularly so as it demonstrates thoroughly that your 
waterproof glue is a success, 


coees 4#----- 


DISTRICT 1 - NORTHERN DISTRICT 


Messrs, Morrell, Borg and Dickinson, Please Note: Pine squirrels ARE 
- carnivorous } 

Down on the Cabinet Forest three years ago I met a good lady whe 
had worn out several .22 rifles shooting pine squirrels. I asked her 
why, and she declared they ate her young chickens. This lady was in- 
telligent, of fine character, and therefore quite reliable. 

Then in 1922 I was down on the Nezperce Forest and saw precisely 
what Mr, Borg saw at Seeley Lake. Two robins were circling around a 
small pine tree and making no small rumpus about something. I investi- 
gated and found Mr. Pine Squirrel coming down the tree with the last 


aes 


: a 


young robin swung over his back in the latest fox style. Thinking it 
might not be dead I tried to scare him away, but he was mighty hard to 
Scare. When at lestthe let go and perched militantly on a stump a 
few feet away I saw that the robin was dead. Then reflecting that the 
squirrel, after all, was not so very much worse than the rest of us, 
considering his education and social advantages, I backed off and 
watched him devour his catch. He ate it! 


In this one small matter you can bank on my ‘reliability ABSOLUTELY. 
--A.0.M. 
Advertising Pays: The Bittereoot had 4: sof) ea at the Ravalli 
County Fair, a part of which was. a Gollettion of cold embers to make 
more realistic a camp fire, Dring the night some one threw out the 
cold embers and poured a bucket of water over the "fire." 


The idéa is getting over. 


Supervisor Ernest -W. Shaiv4 of the Absaroka, left us October 12 to attend 
$6 personal affairs.in. the Bast. Among his accomplishments for the good 
ef thé. Service Mr. Shaw will long be remembered as the man who helped put 
Nik Patrol" on the map. HiS work for the protection and relief of the 
winter-—driven northern herd of the Yellowstone has borne results in bet- 

-ter conditions for the noblest game aninal of America, and many a lordly 
bull is swinging an antlered crest and chewing with a full set of teeth 
which, without Shaw's efforts, vould now be graving some Ford or Cadillac 
dashboard or dangling from an ornate watch anchor. 


Shaw is a B.P.0.E., and he calls it "Better Protection of Blk." 
Long life to him! MERC en Re 


Sag ag 


“DISTRICT 2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Extensive Development of Summer Homes on the Pike: Application has just 
been made by the Pike's Peak National Trails Association for a tract of 
approximately 40 acres in the Pike for headquarters for the association, 

- which will include not only a club house but individual summer residences, 
Membership in the association is fixed at $5,000 which permits only the 
wealthy to join. The land has been tentatively divided for several 

years into éight summer home sites but only one permit has been issued 
and the permittee's improvements have now been purchased by the associa- 
tion. It is being replotted to provide for limited use of the entire 
area by members of the association after endorsement by the association 
proper, ‘ 
_ Each summer home site will comprise approximately five acres and 
expensive houses will be erected. A start has been made by Mr. J. R. 
Bradley of New York and Palm Beach. His improvements when completed will 
cost in the neighborhood of- $25,000. The improvements are not elaborate 
but substantial and commodious. - The club house will be built on the same 
scale. 


Trails are to be constructed radiating from the Club throughout 
the Forest entirely with funds of the association. An automobile road 
is to be constructed to it connecting with the State highway leading to 
Colorado Springs. 


AG 


It is the purpose of the association to do someicing useful as 
well as merely occupy the site for pieasure, and it is cxzected thai 
some very: useful public improvements will be placed upon tue Forest. 


The Study Courses in D-2 have proved to be of great value as shown by 
the year's enrollment. Seventy-seven per cent of the personnel on the 
Forests have applied for at least one course. Five Forests came in 
100 per cent, and on only two is the percentage less than 50, and ap- 
plications are still being received. 


DISTRICT 3 — SOUTHVESTERN DISTRICT 


Do Coyotes Go Wild? Recehtly when passing the old Bullock Ranch, which 
is deserted, I noticed a coyote who was snapping at his sides and act—- 
ing queer. I tied up my pack horse and tried to rope him, as I had no 
gan, but he got into a rocky canyon where my horse could not follew. 

I camped at tle Bellota Ranch that night, which is also deserted, and 
just as the moon rose in the morning, about three a. m., I heard a 
noise in my pack sacks near my bed. J sat up and.saw 2 coyote's head 
above une of the sacks, where I had some bells and other noisy things. 
He seemed to be strangling and chering on the handles.of the sack. 
Picking up a handful of gravel, I threw it in his direction and shouted, 
but instead of stampeding in the direction I expected, he came for me 
an@ the more I bucked and elbowed him the more determi..-d he became to 
ride my bed. I had covered my head defore he arrived, s» I finally 

lay still, and after choking and chewing my tarp awhile, he charged my 
pack horse, who was picketed near. A commotion ensued, in which I took 
part with an alamo limb, which broke the first time I lanced on the coy- 
ote, and I was making tracks for the bed again when Mr. Coyote changed 
his mind and ambled to the old ranch house some 30 yards away, where he 
encountered a hog and they went off across the flat, whoofing and cho.c- 
ing. Now I am watching the poor pack horse for signs of hydrophobia, 
as he had a badly lacerated eye which has turned white, and the first 
time he refuses kis drink I will have to play executer.--Coronado. 


ee ee 


‘Testveld Leaves: Mr. and Mrs. Marinus Westveld stopped over in Albuquer— 
que on their way to Amherst, Mass., where Mr. Westveid will become one 

of the assistants at the New England Forest Experiment Station which 

has recently been established by the Forest Service. The character of 
Westveld's work is too well known to need comment. He has been in the 
District for 10 years during which time his work has taken him to prac— ) 
tically every Forest. It goes without saying that his lows will be 

felt in the District. The timber sale work on the Coconino will-hencs- 
forth de in charge of Mr. Fred Merkle who is being transferred from the 
Sitgreaves. 3 ; 


1 
—-—-~-H-——-— 


DISTRICT. 4 — INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Fillmore Reconnaissance: The intensive reconnaissence on tne Fillmore 
this summer covered a little less than 120,000 acres at « cost ofa 
little less than 3¢ an acre, the drainage map method being used. This 
method makes a very zood looking map and at a considerably icver cost 
than taé regular topographic map with the contours properly shown. 


In 1921, when the regular topographic map was made, it cost 5.9¢ per 
acre. In 1922, a part of the work was done by the regular topographic 
method and part by the drainage method at a cost of 3.3¢ per acre. 

That summer a careful account was kept of the cost of the two methods 
using exactly the same crew and it was found that the cost of doing 
reconnaissance with a drainage map system was only 65 per cent of the 
cost when a regular topographic map was made, There is an equal stand~ 
ard of accuracy in both methods. The only difference is in the way 
that the topography is shown. About 200,000 acres of the Fillmore re- 
main to be done next year. 


ene! eee 


DISTRICT 5 ~ CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Timber Sale on the Sierra: Award of the sale of 23,500,000 feet B. li. 

in the Stevenson Mountain-unit on the Sierra has just been made to the 
Prescott Brick and Lumber Company of Fresno. About 78 per cent of this 
timber is yellow pine, 13 per cent sugar pine and the balance white fir 
and incense cedar. The quality of this timber is relatively poor and 
the stand averaged only about 14 M per acre. Logging will be difficult 
and this cost has been estimated at nearly $11 per thousand. These 
factors explain the relatively low stumage rates of $2.40 for yellow 
pine, $4 for sugar pine and 50¢ for white fir and incense cedar.—C.I.D. 


emcee es 


The Forest Products Laboratory Helps: It is a good bet that the field 
men could help the Forest Products Laboratory and the District Office 


of Products to be of mich more service to the lumber and wood—working 
industries in California. Maybe the field men do not know where to 

hit. Take boxing and crating f'r instance. The Laboratory saved the 
United States a million dollars in fréight on rifles going to France 

by redesigning the shipping box so as to save something over 25 per 

cent space, when cargo space was worth $6.00 per cubic foot. That, 
however, is old stuff which everybody knows who has read the pamphlet 
entitled, "Forest Products Laboratory," which was distributed to the 
Forests last year. A recent instance is that of a manufacturer of 

steel pulleys who was having trouble with his crates. ‘Yhen put into 

the big drum at Madison, this erate, loaded with four 36" pulleys and 
twelve 8" pulleys went to pieces with just one drép. The Laboratory 
designed for them a new crate which required 13.5% less lumber, 33~2/ 34 
lees metal strapping and weighed 5% less; and in the big drum it stood 
100 drops. Anybody who has ever seen a heavy crate tumbled in that dream 
will tell the world that that crate ought to get to its destination whole, 
The same possibility of improved design applies to containers all the way 
from those for heavy machinery to those for apples and celery.-—C.L.H. 


———$}—— 


DISTRICT 6 —- NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Cooperative Mapping: A member of the United States Geological Survey 
recently visited the District Forester's office. He was greatly pleased 
that he had been able to make use of topographic maps prepared by the 
Forest Service for some 98,000 acres of land within the Cascade Forest 
in his survey of the Diamond Peak quadrangle. The fact that this topoge 
raphy checked out well within the allowable limits of error so that it 
could be used bodily made it possible to complete the field work for _ 
the quadrangle in one season, preventing the necessity of his having to 
return with a party to the area next summer. 


— foe 


1 


Our map data that proved so useful to him (and incidentally that 
saved the Government a few thousand dollars) were gathered in the reg- 
ular Forest map work on land classification, timber surveys, specific 
timber sales, and other Forest mapping.——-A.H.H. 


“assistant District Forester Kavanagh will spend some time this winter 
on a detail in the branch of Grazing in Washington, D. C. He was a 
speaker at recent meetings of the County Game Wardens at Ellensbure, 
Washington; at the Washington Sportsmen's at Yakima; and the Izaak 
Walton League in Portland. 


Check Held Up: A salary check of Ranger BE. T. Rogers went through the 
Siskiyou train robbery and explosion of October 11, having been mailed 
in Portland at 6 p. m., October 10. When Rogers received what was left 
of it (about half) his name and address were still legible, but being 
hardly negotiable, he returned it tc Accounts for issuance of a new 
‘check, 


He Learned His Lesson: Windshield stickers mailed by the Chelan to auto- 
mobile owners last spring with a brief request for cooperation in that 
respect brought from one man a request for four more. The interesting 
point is that he had recently been convicted for letting a fire get away 
from him. Apparently this man has learned the lesson our law enforce- 
ment is intended to teach, and taken it in proper spirit, as most of 
them do,-—-P.T.H. 


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T7O MAGIC WORDS THAT CONVEY GOOD 


FELLOVSHIP AND SINCERE WELL. WISHES -- 


THE MESSAGE ALL MEMBERS OF THE ‘yASH- 


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santa Claus in Washingt. 
does not necessarily mean Uncle Sain : : 
Boy himself will appear at the First Congregational Cnurch AGLOSS phe 

street from the Washington offices with a load of toys For whe kids be= 


m WASHINGTON NOTES 
i VERSO EE ATS NAN ee 


ton: No, Gentile Header, Santa Ciaus in Washingten 
This time it means that the Old 


longing to members of the Washington staff: About 109 caiidien are 
expected to gather round the Christmas Tree — which unfortunately will 


| not be a living tree - on the day before Christmas to reccive the gifts 
| ghich Assistant Forester Barnes ninch-hitting for Qld Saint Nick will 

| hand out. This Christmas party yor the kids has been an annual affair 
| for many years and seems to grow in popularity. 


Prizes for Christmas Tree Photographs: The American Fores vy Magazine 


| Offers cash prizes for photographs of growing Christmas trecs, accord= 


ing to an announcement appearing in the December issue. Perhaps some 
“rest Service people can bring home the bacon. Here are the conditions: 


1. The tree must be growing and in Christmas garb. There are 
many novel ways of having Christmas trees without killing them and later 
consigning them to the ash heap. 


2. Write your name and address and a description of the picture 
plainly on the back of the photograph or a sheet of paper attached to it, 


3, Mail the photograph before January 15 to the Christmas Tree 
Gontest Editor, American Forestry Magazine, Lenox Bldg., Washington, 
D. C., enclosing return postage if you desire the photographs you sub- 
mit returned, 


RE #$----— 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 


Forty Attend the Courses: The forty men in attendance at our courses 
are enrolled as follows: boxing and crating 15, gluing 10, kiln dry- 
ing 6, wood properties and uses 9. 


As has been the case with previous courses, these men come from 
all parts of the United States. Of interest and gratifying also is the 
fact that the following organizations have sent representatives to at 
least one of the preceding courses: Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., 
Bureau of Explosives, ChicagowMill and Lumber Co., Huttig Manufacturing 
Go., Perkins Glue Co., Ritter Lumber Co., Union Lumber Co., Western 
Cooperage Co., The Wirebound Box Association. 


—~— eee 


fhe Laboratory as a Factor in the Forestry Policy: The urgent need for 
the reduction of wood waste as one of the factors in the national for- 
estry policy and the work of the Laboratory in this forestry movement 
are expressed in the following editorial by the Lumber Worid Review: 
"Probably, however, one of the most profound influences for greater 
efficiency, more economical production and conservation of timber in 
this country at the present time, is the Forest Products Laboratory at 
Madison, Wisconsin, an engineering research organization whose engineers 
are busy in almost every dopartment of the field of lumber utilization, 
including lumber grades, kiln drying, wood preservation, gluing, paint- 
ine or other wood finishes, and the marketing of a larger proportion of 
the 50 per cent or thereabouts of lumber going into industrial consump- 
tion, in the form of factory dimension sizes, thus saving freight and 

@ larger proportion of the log, This research work of the Laboratovy 


is to-day more widely known and more generally appreciated in the lumber 


a stty than ever before and its influence will continue to grow year 
y year," 


A 


=-om 


ve Grow end Protect the Timber, Then Waste Tt: Three-quervers of a 


billion board feet annually is ioet in tust one ferm of wood use which 
can be saved through preservative treainents ! 


This loss is in ties which are not sreated; the estimate is low 
in comparison with that of the American Railway Hogineering Association 
which placed it at one and a half billion board fcet. 


The annu2l consumption of ties is in the neighborhood of 100 to 
#20 million. The average life of treated ties is believed to be about 
15 years and of untreated ties, 73 ycars. Latest reports show that 
about half of the ties used are treated. The life of the other half 
could be doubled by treatment, thus reducing consumption proport unately, 
If 100 million ties were used each year and all were treavea, the 
ing in-.annnual consumption would be 25,000,000 ties, or on the basi 
30 board feet per tie, the annual saving would be 750,000,000 doar 


--~-~~}#----- 


FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONS 


Turpentine Study: The sueikes Forest Experiment Station has been carry- 
ing on a series of svudies of the relation of various kinds of chipping 
to yields of resin. Mr. Wyman has found for conditions in Florida this 
last year that there is a relation between yields of slash pine and tem- 
perature. The gum yield per week at the beginning of the season was 1.86 
ounces in April, rising rapidly to a peak of 9.07 ounces in early August. 
From this point, the yield dropped in September to 6.58 ounces and to 
5.04 ounces at the end of the season in late October, when the flow prac- 
tically ceased.--E.N.M. 


ee 


A New D.B,H,--Those who are interested in taking diameters and are famil- 
iar with the term D.B.H. would have great difficulty in the turpentine 
areas of the South, for the chipped facing on the trees runs up to 7 or 

8 feet» The Southern Forest Experiment Station has overcome this diffi— 
culty by measuring the trees at nine feet instead of the familiar 4.5 
feet and they ere looking for s forester tall enough to take these meas~ 
urements so that they can do away with the ladders this height necessi- 
tates,--E.M.M: 


secaated inntenetated 
DISTRICT 1 - NORTHERN DISTRICT 


Care of Increment Borers: An increment borer will not produce a clean, 
smooth core on which the rings can be readily counted uniess the interior 
of the barrel is clean, polished, and free from rust. It should be given 
practically the same care as a rifle or shotgun barrel, and cieaned and. 
oiled after every day's use, An oil can and a revolver cleaning rod 
should be standard equipment to accompany each borer. Try it once and 
notice the difference in the appearance of the cores.--E.K, 


——— ee 


Snaz Disposal: Readers of the Service Bulletin may recall that about one 
year ago Ranger Hodgins of the Lolo Forest wrote up very briefly his 
vicws and experience on the subject of reducing fire risk by setting 
fire to snags during the late fall and early winter, when., they ; could be 
burned without danger to the surrounding forest, 


It may be of interest to learn That the plan advoc2 ea ‘by Mra - 
Hodgins has been tried out in California with rathcr promising and sat= 
isfactory results. In a manuscript dealing with the subject of fire in 
the National Forests of California, it is reported that 4,600 snags on 


ene 


; re ' ins 2 « i 7 
Pees ets oe oe ergs na eee fa ud Ape SE KS ; nS c . 3 : 
a aes r ‘ ! > > in =i . A inept ec yy yet ee 
nea ee Fe ge eteb e <4" Apart Ces Aaa ‘ 1 : ; Fitts g 4 SAR IFC ie SHATTERS 
ne ves 3 wil ef ve Han an’ sa? so Zia RN . 5 = 3 DA siesta char : 


7 ee 8 . : < mE et Seae pi ee 40n e + . po the ogumeg get ne ake 
we Nee Rl Ente Re Soy he Bee wee eye aS ate ~ 


ar iS ape os’, Barkiba: ‘goth 28€. é bast rare ‘Bix % bots: iparienatss ibe Age 
sees. ee naniday Here “Adaotlvited © “férias an: ayetaze: day’ 80k Tt: ‘Dhe' -s 
Bapét suasic sts that elimieation oF "BRagS By bufPning hay: DET LOURA = Sep el 
practi Gite “ow; 10 ong wollte as GRin us aoiwy Ye tely “inion “wt gel 
SOT? Sten ise 4s 2s any Tira bare we co: BOLTS get Gre ver 1 ceRoszer 


~ 


i : pies ae ‘ 
asaTon Urano ot epinpeat: 'silctapéae VES. SMG ICT Ley canes 


2 - HiSH iridk vaiidas: alode trodes ¢ lcampinscatounds, Tete. : 
3 - Natural fire barriers, such’ as 2ges EES 


> -Crecks,, » eters nT a beast eee 
Ae Atong “‘probabic: tie we fepenses: “such as fonds 
2 se Sper ceca ae and. she ea eae eh gap Msbatess 


Shur 


act 
he With, the approach. oF ‘the winter sdason,. ‘Forest ‘officers may. 
well. consider the, applicability ‘of this practice. to special .risk areas. 
under. their jurisdiction, particularly, in localities. ‘where. the timber. 
is large and. tall” and. where the. SEP are, of. resinous, character.-— 


ATL, ee bee veo eye aN tomo: Gir seer Hae in kciG 


Another Appreciation: "Mr. W. B. Wiley, Supervisor of Jefferson Nation~ 
al Forest, Great Falls, Montana, 


Dear Mr, Wiley: Like millions of other busy Americans, I have 
always subscribed: to the theory. that. every Bureau of our Government 
operated with efficiency at the irreducible minimum and that. Federal 
employees attitude toward the national citizenry was based on the pol- 
icy. .'The public be damned.! I am agreeably surprised to find that 
the Honsacine dogs. not. apply to. the. Forest. Service. z 


Creme ie ie rapier aoe APU 
4 


pe rs 


“About aan ee ago. : ae “the: misfortune to. ‘wreck my. alee: 
on Kina! S “Belt cand I: am indebted. to. Mr. R,Annan,. Mr. Bi. ‘Fy Helmers 
and members of the Government. road. Crew. SOs. speedy. and, efficient. vassist— 
ance in my. difficulty and Kindly mapistratione, ‘to an dadered PONE: of . 


my Partye Pel ie eae a ge ea nese aur 


ost ‘Pies KI 95 sae aia t4 eh Spe bane Pay 


The treatment ‘accordéd ime by Bag ote 7ah cli trib 
ute to the hizh character of the personnel of your organization and 
their consistent refusal to accept. pay for the services rendered is 
eueseucs Bye tanee of their MOEN “ you and the eee 


ae “Men like Mr. Annan’ and Mri. Helmers: ‘male this Bs ipetter world to. 
live: in and I commend: them vo Ou as lca ge aaa meray: of oe able. 


ny very truly yours, 


48); Bei de “hailey, : 
#8 Seeond St., N., 
Great Falls, Montana." 


And if a road crew would do thats much, what ronla a real honest 
to goadness Forest saa have done? 


~ doe eae ae Soy 


He Had Heard It Before: District Forester. {on SuSE eC yan trip): 
"Don't you know you shouldn't smoke?" : 
New Smokeehaser: "Yes sir, so my friends saye" 
D. FP. - "But you'must not smoke f° Pees 
N. S. ~ "Yes sir, so my doctor dae ada, (Ca) 
D. F, -"But, damnit man, you SHANT smoke ! 
N, S. - "Yes sir, sq my wife tells me, 


DISTRICT 2 — ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Metal Road Signs Syperior to Wooden: After one year's use of metal 


signs, it seems that the board signs bearing the tree marker, with 
which visitors to D-2 have been familiar for the last six years, will 
soon be a thing of the past. The metal signs secured last year from 
the Enameled Products Company have proved to be both attractive and 
serviceable. Fear that the enamel signs, which are easily damaged 

by rocks or shooting, would not be practicable on account of careless— 
ness from the traveling public were evidently groundless, since reports 
from the Supervisors indicate that very little damage has occurred 
during the past season. The new signs are smaller and much easier to 
handle in pack outfits, which is a decided advantage from the Rangers! 
standpoint. 


Rabies: At a meeting of the Querna Verda Livestock Association at Gard- i 
ner, Colo,, Nov. 23, plans were formulated in cooperation with the Bio- 
logical Survey and the Colorado Stockgrowers Association to attack the 

rabies problem which has developed in that locality. Agreement was 

reached whereby all mongrel dogs would be destroyed and all valuable 

dogs muzzled. The Biological Survey has entered upon a vigorous cam- 

paign of poisoning and hunting and is endeavoring to throw a cordon 

around the territory presumed to be affected. One of the more recent 

incidents is that of a pet dog biting a woman. This dog and another 

were known to attack a coyote a few weeks before, which undoubtedly was 

affected with hydrophobia, 


Sa ol cet tte 


“DISTRICT 3 = SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT 
"Overtime": Taking ‘the, time’ of fifty District Rang sers from the fourteen 
Forests as a cross section for the hours worked by 128 men in this Dis- 
irict doing similar work shows that the Forest ‘Service gets yearly the 
services of twenty-four extra men over and above the services of the 
regular 128 men if they worked but eight hours per day, did no% work on 
Sundays and holidays, and took 15 days annual leave, .In other words, 
the’ legal requirements call for 2, 328 hours if no sick leave is” taken and 
the fifty men averaged 2 764 hburs in 1923 and 2,850 hours in 1922. 


— eee 


Arizona Cypress Makes Good: According to Mr. Pearson, who has just. made 
an examination of the Forest plantations on. the Cameron Ureel watershed 
above Ft. Bayard, the planting stock of western yellow pine propagated 
from seed from Arizona and Ney Mexico is superior to that propagated © 
from seed secured in the Black Hills. This showed up during the past 
few years of drouth, The native stock was mach. more drouth resistant. 
The outstanding feature of these plantations is the remarkable. showing 
of Arizona Cypress (C ypressus glabra). A few plots of this species were 
established between 1911 and 1914 on a north slope on land better” than 
the average planting site, but still a poor site for yellow pine, ‘The 
trees show no signs of sufforing fromthe drouth. They are trom 12 to 
18 £.:t in-height ,fully twice as high as yellow pine of the saine age. 
Korgovar, they are far superior to the yellow pine as a watershed tree 
because they form a compact crown extending clear to the ground, whereas . 
yellow pine drops its lower branches carly in life. 


6" 7 
——————— 


"Arizona Plan" for Game Law 2 Revision: Here is, priefly, the “Arizone 
Pian" for game law revision. Gs yn Draftine of brand new code by the 
Committee of Seven, representing the Arizona G.P.A. in ali parts of 
the State (now under way); (2) joint meeting of Ucde and Executive 
Committees in Phoenix, probably next month, to cousider the drart 5 
(3) submission of code to association for approval; (4) presentation 
to the legislature or the people for enactment into lam, 


It seems certain that an up-to-date code, patterned after the 
best in other States, will be recommended. Features prominently advo- 
eated are: 4 gommigeion of three with broad powers, including appo:nt- 
ment of State game warden and establishment of refuges; more Erowection, 
especially later and shorter deer season; and more drastic penaliics 
for violations. The main obstacle in the path of the code makers scems 
to be that the present Arizona law is an initiative act, must oe repealed 
by the people, and, in all probability, replaced by initiative measure, 
A thoroughly aroused public sentiment, through activity in every part 
of the State, is essential to success. Local associations, wherever 
organized, are eligible in Arizona G.P,A.. membership and should get in 
touch with President Tom McCullough of Flagstaff. 


ape #----=- 


ErStaiCT 4 — {NTHRMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Life of Cut-Back Poles: Recently the Metropolitan-Edison Company of Read- 
ing, Pa., informed the Forest Products Laboratory at Madison that when 
they set a new untreated pole they cen get a serviceable life of approx- 
imately 15 years from it, and when they take this pole and saw off the 
butt, inclading all of the rotted portion, there remains a shorter pole 
Sndeh is apparently quite sound, but upon setting this shorter pole the; 
can get from it two or three years more life. 


Upon inquiry the Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Company 
at Salt Lake City inform us that they count on a cut-back pole to last 
about five years, and by shaving and brush treating, from two or three 
years! additional life may be secured. The poles used by this company, 
however, are practically all Idaho or Washington cedar. The company 
states soil conditions have a great deal to do with the length of time 
that poles will last, and that undoubtedly a cut-back pole has lost 
much of its power to resist decay, 


The Utah Power & Light Company states that from their experience 
the life of cut-back poles depends very greatly upon the soil condition. 
As an average they state that cut—back poles should last four or five 
years, aithcugh some of their cut-back poles have rotted within two or 
three years, and others have lasted very mach longer than tne EMS 
In general, they find that poles set in soil which is permanently damp 
last for a long time, whereas those set in sandy soi! co not tast so long, 
They suggest that holes from which other poles have been vaken are con- 
taminated with wood destroying fungi, and this accounts for the reset 
pole becoming infected more rapidly. They suggest aiso that in many 
cases old cut~back poles become so thoroughly dried that the moisture 
is more easily absorbed and withdrawn by evaporation, which would, of 
course, be more conducive to rapid decay. Their experience is that cut- 
back poles which have been brush treated before resetting last at least 
seven or cight years in the secticn about Salt Lake City. 


siz). 


mologis tne Bureau of Entomology, in Idaho recently and went over 
with hiin le Of the moxe baaly invested butterfly areas in the v2ein—- 
ity of the Payette and Idaho Forests, These butterflies have completely 
defoliated the western yellow pine in a considerable part of this re- 
gion, and Morse end Evenden made an examination to decide whether mark- 
ing practice should be modified on account of she destraction caused 
by the butterfizes, It is evident that there is going to be a loss, 
but it will occur chiefly in large, old, cvermature trees with little 
vitality - the very trees that will be cut anyway. Accordingly, there 
apnears to be no reason for modifying marking at the present time, as 
most of the young and vigorous trees will probably pull through all 
Tae 


Pine Butterflies: Mr. C. B. Morse met Mr. J. C. Evenden, Forest Ento- 
t CE 
SOI 


~-~---#--~--- 


DISTRICT 5 — CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Fire Sumps: A summary of the results of the use of rotary motor pumps in 
connection with forest fires this past season will be ofinverest to all 
ficld officers: 


Sas :No.Fires:Maximum Distance: Av.Run ; Max.Qun :Kind of Equiv. 
ee ; edo, Lose Used : : : mB: 
Stanislaus : 3 ‘ 500 feet ; 56 me lire sOmme:  hvanswee 
Plumas yO ne 650. " : She.45ml2hrsOm:- * 

DUES ae eee dO kaise OOO ME . 6 bre Om) 8 ors Om. wonder 


The Shasta has 2tso had a great deal of success in using a hand 
force pump. Ranger Meyers,, of the Shasta, usec one of these panps on 
eight fires on the Lava beds, and it is reported tnat on ome fire he had 
to pack the water one and one-half mites on his back. The ecuipnent used 
consisted of.an Alaska pack board to which is attached a five-gallon 
tank ep Ek. 


Summer | Home e Owners Form Association: Summer home site owners on the Lin- 

io the American River Canyon and on the Placervilie summit, 

111 Forest, xvecentiv hekd a meetiag ond organized the Amer- 

vr Eone Association. ‘ithene are. apeus 29) s i 

a vara! 1021 upward of a Ceti OF a nee ee dolsanss 
is 


1. Provide adequate protection of property during the period when 
owners are unable to occupy their homes. 


2. Make definite the matter of water rights. 


3. Give intelligent support to agencies working for better road 
conditions. 


oe 


WILLIAM, AND ROY AND NICK 


regh Apolsies to Eugzene Field, William 8. Greeley, 
“9 yeadley, E. E. "Nick" Carter and a Lot of Other Folks.) 
milliam, and Roy and Nick one night 
Sailed off in a redwood shoe, 
(Out to the West - I think I'm right.) 
Tyas a daring thing to do! 
"where are you going, and what do you wish?" 
A Congressman asked the three, 
"Velre trying to sell to 'the man on the street! 
The problems of for-est-ry; 
Words of wisdom and warning have we!" 
Said William, 
And Roy 
And Nick. 


The old moon laughed and hummed a song, 
As they headed away to sea, 

And their “hot air" carried them swiftly along 
From the shores of old D. C. 

Then the time drew neer for each zood man 
To lend an attentive ear. 

"Now pay due heed to our little plan 
And please don't think it queer! 

It's tough ~ but we're doing the test we can $i! 

Said William 
And Roy 
And Nick, 


All night long their spell they cast, 
But just as daylight came 
The three discovered a fourth by the mast! . 
(Yes, a Lumberman was his name }) 
How he came by the boat they never did knov, 
Such a thing they had failed to foresee, 
But they gave him én oar and bade him row, 
Or else swim back to the lea. - 
"Forsooth, you know; we all live by the treo !! 
Said William, 
And Roy 
And Nick. 


Now some believe it was all @ dream, 
But others say "Bide a wee 

Perhaps not. so strange in years 'twill seem, 
Say, 'long ‘bout thirty-three. 

So shut your eyes while your Uncle sings, 
As he "totes" you to and fro, 

Of the truly strange and wonderful things 
Undreamed of years ago. 

To be "pulled" at the next Congressional show, 
By William, 
And Roy 
And Nick. 


LO 


3 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTR PAOTYIC DISTRI 


| 


Heavy Timber Losses Due to Cizarettes: The foilowing resolution was 
passed by the Pacific Logging Congress in November, 1923: 


‘For the past five years an average of 442,688 acres of forest 
land has been burned annually in the States of Caiifornia, Oregon, VWash- 
ington, Idaho and Montana, and over 20 per cent of this annual loss is 
due to careless smoking in the woods, especially of tailormade ciga-— 
rettes; therefore, resolved, that the Pacific Logging Congress 20 on 
record as strongly opposed to the use of all brands of tailormade 
cigarettes in any woods operation in the Pacific Northwest, and that a 
copy of this resolution be sent to each of the leading cigarette and 
tobacco manufacturers of the United States." 


———— 


Good Chance for Fublicity: Rancer H. A, Ritter of the Umpqua has sug- 
_ sted that automobiles owned by Forest officers be provided with a 
case for spare tires (on rear of cars) on which is painted "Prevent 
Forest Fires - It Pays," or some similar legend in the same manner as 
MCount the Buicks," "Another Nash," etc.--,H.L. 


Lookouts on the Job: On September 6 the Buckley Logging Company fired “= 
slashing in Section 33, T. 19/7. The smoke was promptly reported by the 
following lookouts on the Rainier: 


Quartz Mtn., approximately 38 miles away 
if Ane 


Bald Mtn., Ag oN 
Kiona Peak, "i 37 " u 
Pyramid Peak, Hl ieee OE u 
Location was given as Section 27, an error of only 1 section, ; 


The fire was west of the summit of the Cascades, near Buckley, and north= — 
west of Mt. Rainier, Quartz Mtn. and Bald Mtn. are east of the sumait, | 
in the Naches River country. Kiona Yeak is in the Cowlitz country, 
southwest of Mt. Rainier, and his shot was over very rough territory. 
Pyramid Peak is the only lookout which would ordinarily have been ex- 
pected to pick up this fire.-—-C.4.G. 


Snappy Work: Ranger Foote of the Colville Forest has a system of his own 
when it comes to law enforcement, Recently campers left a fire at the 

mouth of Deer Creek. Along came truck driver Gil Smitn, discovered it, 

and put it out. Then he speeded up the White truck, using compound high, 
passed the campers in their rig, notified Ranger Foote, who immediately 
got Justice of the Peace Ward, and the court awaited the arrivel of the 
accused, Upon his reaching Orient, Ranger Foote gently requested them 
to call at his office. Gil Smith testified, the accused admitted being 
camped there but thought he had put the fire out. The Justice fined hi 
ten and costs and gave him a good lecture. The accused was from Idaho. , 
By the way, the Justice works for the Forest Service in the summertime 
on road work.--L.B.P. : 


pee 4-—-—— 


Rola hs 


ire Bulletin 
U.S, FOREST SERVICE 
(Contents Confidential) . 


Vou, ViT, Woy” 51. Tashington, ‘D: 8, sagas December 31, 1923. 


TE FOREST SERVICE AND THE WEY YEA! ‘YEAR 
By W.'B. Greeley 


angry * a re > F 


dogs 


al New yedras hed is the time dedicated by attendee custom for 
“00d resolutions, many .of which are too apt.to ‘fall by the wayside 

before many moons: have. passed. ‘Be’ that.as.it:may,.it is a ‘fitting 

a time for a group of men and women like that comprising the Forest 

Service ‘to cast up -the books, male a reflective survey of accomplish~ 

ments and omissions, and try to picture as mt thd as possible the 
Tl iy eh which lic ahead, - 


Nineteen dd: ‘three adultes gnowd not be classed with the 
more striking and momentous years which stand out in the history of 
the Forest Service; nevertheless it has recorded substential progress 
3 which may’ give us real satisfaction. For one thing, it witnessed the 

~ complete discomfiture, perhaps the fiaal. knock- out, of the effort to 
* ‘take ‘the Forest ‘Servite out of the Départiment of Agriculture; and 
thereby has confirmed in a. very positive way not only the basic org 
_ ization of our work but the fundamental policies of national conserva- 
tion which At oa to promote. 


One' of the howe important. ‘issues involved in the general attack 
was. the future development of the forest resources of Alaska, The trip 
made to the northern Territory by President Harding and his constructive 
verdict upon its situation and needs, which approved in almost every 
detail the program.of the Forest Service, may not have finally settled 
the Alaskan L saaibtletai but has at least made the possibility of upset- 
ting the work and aims of the Service in our northernmost National For- 
ests much more remote. and less yesiest es 


As a chads undertaking, the National Forests made a new stride 
toward self-support. by turning in receipts of $5,335,000, with = show~ 
ing of income-producing business which exceeded that of the previous 
record year - 1920 - by $540,000. The returns from the great public 
enterprise in-which we are engaged can; of course, be measured only 
partially in dollars and cents, and: we must not. fall into-the error 
of regarding cash. receipts. as the: yard measure of efficiency. Never- 
theless, a substantial inerease in payments to the Federal Treasury in 
relation to the: cost of. administration is a strong clement in public 
support, tending -to relieve one of the long stending handicaps which 
the Service has encountered in its fn to secure adequate appropri-= 
ations, Sead 


The cut of timber from the National Forests reached high water 
mark at 992,000,000 board feet, with timber receipts of $2,641,000, 
The National Forests are gradually coming into their own as an impor- 
tant source’ of supply for America's lumber yards and paper factories; 
and as the tide of forest industry moves westward their relationship 


to the pressing problem of timber supply becomes more widely recog- 
nized. But the progress in forest management through the study of 
our operating units and the application of plans for a continuous 
yield is more gratifying than the increased rate at which our tim- 
ber is going on the market, 


We had a good fire year in 1923, with a refreshing break in 
the periodic necessity of asking Congress for a deficiency in the 
fire-fighting appropriation. For the fourth successive season I 
will be able to-report-to the Congressional-committees-that the 
acreage of National Forest land burned over has been kept within 
less than two-tenths of one per cent, and that the total damage to 
Government property has been kept below $250,000. 


with a substantial part in this favorable showing, we can with equal: 
candor say that our fire organization, by and large, is the best we 
have ever had;. that we are getting quicker and more effective action 
at the front; and that we are making progress toward the 100 per cent 
efficiency that is-our goal. There have, of course, been bad situa- 
tions and inexcusable breaks; and undoubtediar we are not yet as ef- 
fectively organized and prepared as we must be to cope with the ab- 
normal year. We still have 25 per cent of Class C fires and the goal 
of a yearly loss of not more than one-tenth of one per cent of the area 
under protection is yet to be reached. But I firmly believe that we 
are eaamané ground. - 


While we must, in all candor, credit the favorable season ; 
‘ 


The field organization has,. under heavy pressure and many diffi- 
culties, completed a thorough and constructive job in the appraisal of 
the National Forest ranges. Aside from settling, as ‘we hope it. will, 
the ‘grazing fees on a stable and permanent footing, the study and ap- 
»Praisal of the forest range allctments is going to mean better and more 
constructive grazing administration all along the line. In future years 
I believe that we shall regard it as one of the outstanding points in 
. the development and administration of the forage resources of the Na- 

-. tional Forests, 


; We are putting on an immense job of road and trail building in 
a way which will stand comparison with any road building organization 
Jin the- world, 


; We hope that the past year has witnessed a settlement of the long 
sought reclassification of salaries throughout the entire Forest Serv- 

., ice; and that the process of salary rating autharized by Congress may 

-; be consummated in a revised schedule of compensation effective with 

_.the next fiscal year, I cannot be overly sanguine as to the immediate 

_. fruition of our earnest efforts-to secure proper recognition of the 

“zealous. and hard-working employees of the Forest Service, particularly 

. those who have suffered so’ long from the arbitrary limit s of the statu- 

‘tory roll. The reclassification skies are still clouded, as they al- 


a ways -have been, .by conflicting. interests and the difficulty of secur- : 


ing unanimity among the employees of the Federal Government themselves. 
Nevertheless, the passage .of- the reclassification act last March still 
_ Stands as a.great gain in a prolonged struggles and whether the final 
word in the accomplishment of its BUEpose can be: written this year or 
not we have made headway. 


. 2 wish that I could adequately express my own appreciation of 
the continued loyalty and stick-to-it-iveness of the great bulk of my 
associates in the, Forest Service who have carried on at so much per= 
sonal sacrifice. The final accomplishment of. the reclassification of 
Service salaries is closer ‘to me than any other single thing that I 
have set my hand to accomplish... 


hs 


Pe 


In the national progress of forest conservation 1923 stands out 
as a. big year, It has witnessed the establishment of two new Forest 
Experiment Stations whose organization and leadership under such men 
as Zon and Dana mean a great deal both in spreading the gospel of re- 
forestation and in building up the scientific groundwork for its grewth. 


We have delivered another telling blow on the economic necessity 
for a national awakening to the necessity for timber growing. In 1925 
the opportunity was presented to bring the situation home to the pulp 
and paper industry of the United States in a way which is bound to hsve 
far-reaching effects. Two additional States have qualified for Fed- 
eral cooperation, and joined the league for outlawing forest fires. 
A committee of the United States Senate has made the most exhaustive 
investigation of timber supply and reforestation yet undertalzen by 
Congress, and will shortly present its conclusions and recommended 
legislation, Although we cannot hope at present to write the last word 
in our National Forest policy, we may expect at least much greater sun- 
port for two of the developments for which the Forest Service has striven 
many years, namely, a nation-wide extension of fire protection cover- 
ing all forest lands in all ownerships, and the enlargement of the Na-~ 
tional Forests. 


The Forest Service has been likened a good many times to Alice 
in Wonderland, in the predicament where Alice had to run as fast as she 
could in order to stay exactly where she was. Our responsibilitics as 
we enter 1924 make it no time for self-complacency. ‘Ye need all tne 
alertness and aggressiveness that we can muster. It will take gcod 
planning and close management to get away with the job. The increased 
cutting of National Forest timber places a particular responsibility on 
the Service. The ideas of good forest management and good forest prac-— 
tice that we have been preaching for many years are coming right home to 
roost, for the Forest Service is the largest timber operator in the 
United States. . 


We are passing the stage of the occasional timber sale and the 
necessity for capable manazsement of timber on the part of only a smail 
portion of our personne:. We are entering a period, in sact we are ai-. 
ready well into it, when we mst cut large areas annually and convert 
all of our Forests from reservoirs of virgin stumpage into producing 
units. We must do this big job cleanly and well, and in accord with 
the basic ideas of productive forests and sustained yield around which 
the Forest Service has been created. Sound management and good silvi- 
culture are far more important than the size of the annual cut or the 
volume of receipts. 


We have a special responsibility as well in relation to. the gen- 
eral reforestation movement in the United States. Economic conditions 
have set the stage for a rapid and widespread advanee in commercial tim- 
ber growing by forest landowners generally, The time tnat our earlier 
prophets dreamed about has arrived. It is up to us to recognize that it 
has arrived and to be leaders — aggressive and optimistic leaders - in 
promoting private reforestation. 


Our responsibility in relation to public recreation and the con- 
servation of wild life is now more clearly recognized by the nation than 
ever before; and we must recognize it clearly ourselves. 


We are going to face difficult problems in maintaining and per-— 
fecting our fire protection work and in doing all of the things which 
ought to be done and which the public looks to us to accomplish vith 
the resources that are made available. ‘Whether we like the term or not, 
the development of our work in volume and the accumulation of éxperisnce 
in varying methods is necesssrily standardizing the work of the 3.7. st 
Service more largely as time goes on. And as this necessary develco- 
ment tends in some respects to change the character of the job of many 


Uae 


Forest Service men, it is encumbent won 2ll cf us to do everything 
within our power to retain the ideals of the Service in regard to in- 
dividual initiative and opportunities for individual development among 
its members. That is one of the special things which we must seek for 
and plan for as the organization grows older. : 


a 
—— 


I have only tremendous appreciation for the good ttork which the 
men and women of the Forest Service have done in the past year. I have 
a deal of hopeful confidence for the future. President Rcosevelt said 
at one time that he was only an average man but that he was everlast- 
ingly at work at being one. That might well be taken as a good motto 
forsaiiof- us; 


cress #~--~--~- 


A LETTER THAT SPEAKS FOR ITSELF 


The Secretary of Agriculture 
Washington 
December 22, 1923. 
Dear Colonel Greeley: 


I do not want to let 1923 come to an end without expressing my 
sincere appreciation of the fine spirit with which the work of the For- 
est Service has been carried forward during the year, I am justly proud 
of this Department and the splendid men and women who are responsible 
for the efficient service it renders. I hope you will accept for your— 
self and pass on to all of the members of the Forest Service my best 
wishes for a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. 


Sincerely, 


HENRY C. WALLACE. 
TOG OM = ii Dam Gneer evr. 
* Forester. 


me ee ee eS 


WASHINGTON NOTES 


Lecturers in Demand: Calls for Service men to address clubs, schools, 
and business men's organizations on forestry subjects are Deine re- 
ceived as a result of the good work H. N. Wheeler, in cherge of PR at 
Denver, performed while in the city during November, Assistant For- 
esters Barnes and Herbert A, Smith have been fulfilling several engage-— 
ments lately and expect to put over their Chautauqua stuff many more 
times during the winter. 


Fire Prevention Slogans on Campaign Literature: We have always belicved 
in the efficacy of fire prevention slogans, but it remained for Charies 
H. Rich of Woolrich, Pa., to include PR work in his campaign to be 

elected Associate Judge in the elections of last November, On his cam- 


paign cards he had printed these slogans: "Prevent forest fires - it 
pays! "Forests protected will build your town'";"Forests prevent scrious 
floods";"Forests help to prevent drought"; "Forests help game and fisk"; 


"Forests mean health, wealth, and happiness for all and an inheritance 
for our sons and daughters, " 
Mr. Rich was elected by a large majority, of course. 


fay Oe. . a 


Louisiana to Have Forestry Taucht in Public Seh 
Superintendent of Bduestion in, in Louisiaus, has aporvve 

horestry, in all“ pupire*’ sehools of the State, and the State Porestor hap 
been requested to furnish material for text books to be used by the 
school children, according to the ia ana Conservation News. 


Slee ye A Har cs 
Uy Gao meeGacnine OL 


FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY 
The Oldest Wood: Here comes Assistant District Forester C, L. Hill o7 
District 5 with the very oldest wood. He sends a sample to the Lapor- 
atory that antedates so completely everything previously heard of that 


wubere iS no hope for rivalry byovners,, Wood a. million) years ola hes 


the sound of a California tale, but Hill seems to have the evidence 1en 
he writes: "This piece of wood was taken from 500 feet under ground on 

a tunnel of the California~Hawaiian Development Company in Lorg Caayon, 
Tommship LGN.) Racee Vern M.D.) Mey) Calatornia,,.on Septomber 17, loc 
The log vas buried in the gravels of a Sertiary streambed about ie feet 
under the lava cap .of the srade flow which terminated the. Tertiary period, 
It is, therefore, at least a million years old and it is rather remark- 
able in the fact that it is neither silicified, nee disintegrated except 
as to the lighter springwood of some ennual rings." 


A Million Doliars for Forést Reséarch? One million dollars a year for 


fo-esy research and inve Vigeticon Snchuding studies in forest taxation, 
$ 


is what the National Forestry Program Uommittec, of which R. 5, Kelloge 
is chairman, recently recommended to the Senate Forestry Committce, 


The National Forestry Program Committee represents the Amcrican 
Fulp and Paper Association, American Newspaper Publishers! Association, 
American Forestry Association, Wood-using Industries, and other organ- 
izations interested in forestry, 


FOREST EXCERIMENT STATIONS 


Henry Ford's Logging: The Lake States Forest Experiment Station has 
jest completed a study of the Henny Ford cperaiicas in the northern 


“Part Or Mivhican. Mr.) Mitcheli geports that: wiite Ford can hardly 


fairly safe from fiseand in ‘excelient, shape, fore natural re 
On the other hand, né is Logeane ag ciose end his, uviLizeti 
little bettsr than that of the average loszer. He is not faliing his 
srags o7 Set nel aie wecd tree§ as he ehouli do as a mattor of Sire 
protection. Although some small merchantable stuff is left standing, 
ie re 1S not enough Gf i010 warrant a)sevond cau short of a full or 
rive DULL) TOtavsOne Wether wor inp Dy Consider ene the charrcten oF 
ihe stands being cut, it would pay to eave more merchanvabie timber 
for a second cut is @ question. It is doubtrui, however, since the 
stands in question are largely overmatuve and do nol contain enough 
young and middie aged trees tovform/the-basis-.of a seecnd cut, For 
the most part, also, phen are not heavy enough to justify cutting over 


twice. 


be said to be practicing forestry ne is leaving hile eoi-over Lands 
3) 


—— ee ee 


Another Chestnut: While the chestnut blight is still spreading here in 
the United States it is interesting to note that the French are having 
trouble with an "ink" disease on their chestnut trees as well. So far 
the disease has not been successfully fouzht and large tracts of timber 
have been doomed, especially in the region where the chestnut has been 
grown in orchards. Recently the French government has introduced a num- 
ber of Chinese chestnuts which have so far been very resistant and in 
some cases immune to the disease. Two nurseries are now in operation 
furnishing chestnut plants to frowers at 50 centimes per plant, The 
Chinese chestnuts appear to be successfully acclimated, 


pe eae #---—--- 


DISTRICT 1 - NORTHERN DISTRICT 


"Captain Kidd! Makes a Call: In conformance vith the established custom 

of the Section to entertain at an informal luncheon distinguished visitcrs 
in the profession of Forestry, the North Rocky Mountain Section of the 
American Society of Foresters, on December 8, enjoyed meeting Assistant 
Forester Karl H. Clapp (nicknamed C.K., standing for Captain Kidd because 
of his well known proclivities regarding men and funds) and profited from 
his remarks descriptive of the progress of Forest Research as an interest 
of the general public, 


whet is Wrong with This Picture? Take a slant at the Literary Digest 

of November 3 ~- the front cover. Is this your visualization of a Ranger? 
How many of you have horses which can balance on their two east side 

feet and joyously hang the western hoofs up in the air for an indefinite 
period, just like that? And what in time is the "head" ranger doing with 
those dinky little field glasses, ahorseback and after dark? And why 
does the brone look pleasantly and full faced toward the blaze, while 

the Ranzer shields his face — and the fire a good mile avay? And what 
sort of a spotlight was directed on the shaded sides of the party? An- 
other forest fire to right of them? And lookit the hay-wire hitch on 

the pack}! ‘jell - anyway, outside of these and a few more items, itis 
about the way we might have thought a Ranger looked before we knew what 

a Ranger looked like, 


es 


AT THe END OF THE FIELD SEASON 
by J. C. Vhitman, in "Custer Cowboy" 


"hols the stranger, mother dear? 
Look! He knows us! ain't he qucer?" 
"Hush, my own! Don't talk so wild, 
That's your father, dearest child !! 
"He's my father? No such thing! 
Daddy died, you know, last spring !" 
Father didn't die; you chump! 
Father's been out in the stumps, 

But the field season's o'er, so he 
Has no place to go, you sec! 

No place left for him to roam, 

That is why he's coming home, 

Kiss him. He won't bite you, child, 
All these Forestry guys look wild!" 


SIT ose UAE oes 
" 


(ae 2 : DISTRICT 2: is ROOKY MOUNDAT DISTRICT 


Published Articles! Refer to" WWorviee Folds Lead: in ae Articles ,;" 

page 4 of the November 26: visste of .the Servi ce, Bulieti After reading 

three or four of thége notices, my. curiosity. was cee and when the 

‘ néxt, copy-‘of., the: Offitial Reeord. (Dec. 5) Game to my desk T turned first 
. Soe) the: varticles:im’ Current rublicationsby Department | Yorkers" just to 
ae z ‘Seé,how far ‘in +ho Iead we were this time. What was” my surprise when 
Bete E found that not .a-single article had been contributed. by The aot 

ake had dropped from. 64 per cent to O in one month. 


Not being sitisfied with this. condition, I went to the files for 
further information. I examined first the November 28 list, then Novem- 
ber 21,:Austist 1, May 23, April 25; April 18, April 4, March 21 and 
‘February ‘e8; ten in all and the Forest Service not a ennreiGneule I gave 
it up. What is the editor trying to do to us anyhow? He fooled me 

‘ tor nearly a year, but as long as we. can read how does he expect to 
fool us always?--P.K. Pa Z 


My dear F,K.--I Slane ‘fool you for the Tonle. even thouch 
: fooling you'might be thé easiest: task imaginable, The point is that 
-I-also made some investizetions ‘concerning: ‘the. percentacc, of. fluctua- 
-tions and: fourid that it is customary for the Official Record. +o save 
up the: Service list for several weeks ata time and then to sive the 
- world both barrels at once, Honce we hit on all six one week - only to 
backfire. the néxt. Am I pardoned for Bet eels you. So mach bewilder- 
~mént? Thanks, --Editor, ste 


=———— 


 *‘D=-2 Study Courses Recognized! The Colorado Agricultural College at 
. Fort Collins has recognized our study courses and has offered to give 
: Rangers entering ‘their ranger course advance credit for grades re- 
Soe . esived An. our correspondence study courses, 
PR ee aie 


at 5 . 
Oi -------#------- 


Uo Ce 


4d 


‘DpISTRICT 5. > SOUTHVESTERN pIseRICD Ne = ve 
King of the.6rook: “Mr. Rex King, has taken up ae duties as “supervisor 
of the Crook National, Forest, Safford, ‘Arizona, WeAGe WEEE Swift, who 
_was transferred: from. the Crook to the Tonto some onus ago. Mr. King 
has, shad a long Line of forestry experience, His first Forest Service 
assignment was. that. of - Forest: Guard on the Sitegereaves in 1909. He was 
a Forest Assistant” on the Apache : and Arkansas, Forcst Examiner on the 
Qzark ‘and for. eight years in the District Office of Lands: He tent to 
the Santa Fe in 1921. Supervisor King has an A. B, degree from Syra- 
cuse and M.S.F, from Michigan Forestry. 


Tales of Early Forest Service Days: New book tells story of strugzies 

| in getting started when the Jemez was young. Rangers were of varisus 
sorts and the job was big, As in many other sections of the country 
there was a patron who owned cattle and sheep and who held his follow-— 
| ers in line by keeping them in debt to him. He was a political boss, 
too, a major domo, and named members to the legisiature and specificc 
who should fill county offices. He clashed with the newly made "re-— 
serve" on matters of range controls §0 much is gathered from a fev 
advance pages sent out by The Spencerian Press, Boston, the publishers 
of "Manger District Number Five," a new book written by Hunter S. Moles, 
Assistant Director of Extension of the New “exico State College. “The 
characters in the book are actual people given other names and the time 
spout 1909 or 1910, The scene is in the vicinity of Cuba, New Mexico, 


ae 


So vividly are the character pictures drawn that some of the older mem- 
bers of the D.O. have already picked ont the real persons that probably 
unconsciously furnished the material for the story. Ortega, the boss 
who had big buck niggers to put out of the way those who crossed his 
will, was undoubtedly a certain well known character who held that 
country in terror for years. He is dead now. Old Mack, the Forest 
Supervisor, was likely Ross McMillen, and Mr. Ensley, the Forest in- 
spector, T. S. Woolsey. The author credits Arthur J. Wells, who vas 
employed as a Forest Guard and Ranger on the Jemez from 1909 to 1912, 
as the chief source of the information that has been woven into the 
narrative. 


~-----—-}------- 


DISTRICT 4 - INTERMOUNTAIN DISTRICT 


Period Study Curiosity: Last spring while Grazing Examiner Lommasson 
was making period studies on the Weiser Forest, he found two sreas of 
bunch grass range that were practically identical in topography, ele- 
vation, soil, etc, One of them tas on the south exposure and the other 
on the west. Normally, forage on the area with the south exposure 
should develop about five days earlier in the spring than that on the 
west exposure. As a matter of fact, the case was practically reversed 
and the south slope came along about five days after the west, In 
looking for the cause of this peculiar circumstance, Lommasson learned 
that the area with the west exposure was cropped once a year in the 
spring and the stock were turned on when the vegetation was developed 
enough to properly support them, The area on the south slope had been 
grazed about 25 days too early for many years and the stock went over 
the area twice, the second time in the fall, consuming the second 
growth which is very considerable in that region, thus weakening the 
plants as the winter approached. On account of this destructive graz- 
ing the vegetation on the south slope which should start well in ad~ 
vance of that on the west slope, was actually censiderably behind. 


— ee wer 


What Good Is Timber Reconnaissance? A man representing Pocatello in- 
terests was an office visitor not long ago, He represented a group of 
men who wish to enter the railroad tie-producing business ona small 
scale at first. Their intention is to start out with $50,000 to 
$100,000 capital, and under the circumstances are looking for a place 
where there is a good body of tie timber that will not be expensive to 
exploit, and where the trees will run high in hewing timber for ties, 

as they do not feel able to finance a sawmill at the beginning. We 
were forced to tell them that we had nothing to offer them offhand. 

This was simply because we have no timber estimates of bodies of tim- 
ber of this kind whereby the character of timber and cost of iogsing 

is definitely shown. You cannot sell goods without knowing what you 
have to offer, The Gray's River chance, which is on the market, is too 
big a proposition for them to swing at the present time, and beyond this 
we know little definitely of our lodgepole pine railroad tie proposition. 


~~-----#------- 


DISTRICT 5 —- CALIFORNIA DISTRICT 


Conference of Recreation Executives: The Pacific Coast Conference of 
Recreation Executives was held at Stockton on November 30 and Docerbor 
1. ‘Representatives from the recreation departments of San Frarciscc, 
Los Angeles, Marysville, Modesto, Berkeley, Oakland, Stockton, Port- 
land (Ore.) and the Forest Service were present. District Forester 
Paul G. Redington addressed the conference on the subject, "Opportuni- 
ties for Recreation in the National Forests," pointing out that the use 


aie 


of the National Forests for recreation purposes vas considered one of 
the "highest uses," and that the Service was always ready to aid any 
city or town in the selection of municipal camp sites, and to render 
any other service possible for recreation use. 


Municipal mountain camps in the National Forests received the 
attention of the executives, and different pheses of camp autivities 
were ciscussed by representatives from Stockton, Bevkeley, Oeklond, 
Sacramento, and Los Angeles. Suverintendent Raitt of she Los Auge.cs 
recroation department told how his city had established a municipsl 
camp at Mammoth on the Inyo Forest, 325 miles from Los Angeles, Fifty 
guests were ceatertained the first season at a cost of $26.90 for a 
two weeks period, Re 


There are now 15 municipal recreation camps in the National 
Forests of California, representing an outlay of over $250,000. 


Adjusting Grazing Problems on the California Forest: The grazing recon~ 
naissance that has been in progress during the past season yn the 
California Forest has developed far enough to indicate the outstanding 
needs in handling the sheep ranges on that Forest. Grazing Examiners 
Cronemiller and Smith, who have been doing this work, recommended. that 
the opening of the summer grazing season be postponed about one month 
in order that the forage might make a vigorous growth before being 
erazed, and that the number of stock using the sheep allotments be 
materially reduced, 


A meeting of the sheep permittees using the Californoa Forest 
was called by Supervisor Coffman during November at Corning to consider 
ways and means of carrying out the recommendations of the reconnaissance 
crew. In addition to the local Forest officers, Mr. Nelson and Mr. 
Hill, of the District Office, attended this meeting. Practically ail 
of the permittees were present and acquiesced in the contention of the 
Forest Service that relief measures were necessary in order tc restore 
and protect the range. One of the plans proposed to meet the necea; of 
the range was the practice of early lambing so as to dispose of the isms 
crop in May -— before the foxtail becomes troublesome. (The awns of 
this grass, when dry, work into the wool of the sheep and often cause 
blindness and much distress, particulerly among unshorn lambs.) The 
plan would enable the sheep to be held on the spring ranges until the 
summer ranges were ready for grazing and by eliminating the lambs from 
the Forest would greatly relieve the demands upon the supply of summer 
feed. Early lambing is practiced generally in the lower Sacramento and 
San Joaquin valleys and by some sheepmen adjacent to the California For- 
est. Many permittees on this Forest feel that the plan is not practi- 
cable under the conditions governing their operations. They recommended 
that the desired protection be secured by readjustment of spring and 
summer ranges on the Forest and by practicing better handling of stock. 


In order that definite plans may be developed to meet range re- 
quirements with the least possible disruption of the sheep industry, 
the permittees appointed an advisory committee that vill confer from 
time to time with the Forest officers regarding plans for adjusting 
the grazing probiems. Arrangements have been made to hold the fixst 
of these conferences in January, at which time definite proposels will 
be ready for.discussion.--R.R.H, 


See 4------- 


gy 


DISTRICT 6 - NORTH PACIFIC DISTRICT 


Among the D-6 Hishbrows: In. revising the Department of Agriculture 
bulletin, "A List of Workers of the U. S. Department of Agriculture," 
this District was asked to furnish a list of all Forest officers who 
held college or university degrees. The census revealed that 57 men 

in the District held 88 college degrees, there being 14 different de-- 
grees - about everything except D. D. and M. D! Only three men quali- 
fied as the real highbrows having 3 degrees after their names. The 
degrees Tan about like this: 20 Masters of Forestry, 18 Bachelors of 
‘Arts, 16 Bachelors of the Science of Forestry, 15 Bachelors of Science, 
7 Masters of the Science of Forestry, 2 Doctors of Philosophy, 2 Bach- 
elors of Philosophy, 2 Masters of Arts, and 1 each of Bachelor of Lav, 
Master of Law, Bachelor of Science of Horticulture, Mechanical Engineer, 
Bachelor of Science. of Horticulture and Forestry and Bachelor of Sci~ 
ence of Agriculture. 


Trail Tested Out by Blind Man: The mountaineers recently made a good 
test of the Snow Lake Trail. constructed by the Forest Service by taic- 
ing Mr. Hartman - a blind man - over the trail. Mr. Hartman walked 
the entire distance of eleven miles without any assistance, which is a 
good recommendation for a trail running from an elevation of 3,000 fect 
to that of 4,500 feet in a very mountainous covntry.—--.B.K, 


“ 
i . , os 


They Get It: The Santiam reports a case which they think deserves the 
fur-lined cuspidor, One of their. lookouts was careless with a cigarette, 
causéd a fire, extinguished it, reported himself, came in, was fined and 
canned.- Can you deat it? 


See